Simulating Communication Systems With MATLAB: An Introduction

Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB : An Introduction
Aniruddha Chandra
ECE Department, NIT Durgapur, WB, India. aniruddha.chandra@ieee.org
September 23, 2010
NIT DGP Student Branch
Presentation Outline
Objective of the Lecture Expected Background Simulating Analog Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation (AM) Simulating Digital Communication Systems Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Sep. 23, 2010
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD
Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Sep. 23, 2010
Objective of the Lecture

After the Lecture Youll be able to
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Write your own Matlab Script Make a Analog/ Digital Communication Link Compare your Results with Theoretical Values
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Expected Background
I assume that You understand
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Basic MATLAB Operations (function, matrix) Basics of Communication (modulation) Performance Metrics (BER)
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Analog Communication Systems
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Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Simulate a Source
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Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Produces message signal e.g. a simple Sine wave
Simulate a Source
Generate message signal (simple sine wave)
m(t ) = Vm sin (2f mt )
Define time instants (1000 sample points)
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax;
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Define amplitude and frequency (initial phase is zero)

Vm = 1; fm = 2*10^3; % Amplitude % Frequency
Construct the Signal

m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
View the Signal

plot(t,m,'r');
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Simulate a Source
Complete MATLAB Script [Prog1.m]
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tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; fm = 2*10^3; Vm = 1; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); plot(t,m,'r');
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Simulate a Source
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Simulate a Source
Assignment #1 [Prog2.m], [Prog3.m]
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What happens if there is an initial phase?

phi_deg = 45; phi_rad = phi_deg*pi/180; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t+phi_rad);
What happens if the message is not sinusoidal?

tmin = 0; tmax = 1; step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; f = 2; m = sawtooth(2*pi*f*t); plot(t,m,'r');
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Simulate Modulation
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Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Built-in functions are available (ammod, amdemod etc.) WYSIWYG?? No
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Amplitude Modulation
Simulate with built-in functions
fs = 8000; fc = 300; t = [0:0.1*fs]'/fs; m = sin(20*pi*t); v = ammod(m,fc,fs); % % % % %
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[Prog4.m]
Sampling rate is 8000 samples per second Carrier frequency in Hz Sampling times for 0.1 second Representation of the signal Modulate m to produce v
figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,v); mr = amdemod(v,fc,fs);
% Plot m on top % Plot v below
% Demodulate v to produce m
figure(2); subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);
% Plot m on top % Plot mr below
Source: Introduction to Communications Toolbox in MATLAB 7.6.0 (R2008) by Amit Degada Available: http://amitdegada.weebly.com/download.html
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Dont have the feel??? . Try this
Define message signal, m(t ) = Vm sin (2f mt ) (as done earlier)
tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 1; fm = 2*10^3; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
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Define carrier, c(t ) = Vc sin (2f c t )

Vc = 2; % Amplitude fc = 10^4; % Frequency c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); % Carrier signal
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Continued .
Modulate the Signal, v(t ) = Vc 1 +
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Vm sin (2f mt ) sin (2f c t ) Vc
v = (1+m/Vc).*c;
% DSB-FC modulation
View Modulated Wave

plot(t,v); % Modulated Wave hold on; plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); % Upper Envelope hold on; plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); % Lower Envelope hold off ;
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Complete MATLAB Script [Prog5.m]
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clear all; close all; clc; tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; % Time Vm = 1; Vc = 2; % Amplitude fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; % Frequency m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = (1+m/Vc).*c; % Message % Carrier % Modulated Wave
plot(t,v); hold on; plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold on; % Upper Envelope plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold off % Lower Envelope
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Assignment #2 [Prog6.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
How to view effect of changing modulation index?

tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 1; mu = 1.5; Vc = Vm/mu; fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = (1+m/Vc).*c; plot(t,v); hold on; plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold on; plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold off
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Assignment #2 (Contd) [Prog7.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
How to simulate DSB-SC modulation?

tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000; t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 2; Vc = 1; fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c; plot(t,v); hold on; plot(t,m,'r:'); hold on; plot(t,-m,'r:'); hold off
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Demodulation
Demodulate DSB-SC with filter [Prog8.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
clear all; close all; clc; tmin = 0; tmax = 1; step = (tmax-tmin)/(10^3); t = tmin:step:tmax; Vm = 2; Vc = 1; fm = 2; fc = 10^2; m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c; r = v.*c; [b a] = butter(1,0.01); mr = filter(b,a,r); figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);
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Demodulation
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Demodulation
Ideal Demodulation of DSB-SC
clear all; close all; clc; fs = 10^5; N = 10^5; t = 1/fs:1/fs:N/fs; fm = 2; fc = 10^3; m = sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c;
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[Prog9.m]
r = zeros(1,N); n =f s/fc; for k = 1:fc mr((k-1)*n+1:k*n) = 2*v((k-1)*n+1:k*n)*c((k-1)*n+1:k*n)'/n; end figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);
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Demodulation
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Analog Communication Systems
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Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
Introduces noise Additive White Gaussian Noise
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Simulate Channel
Introducing AWGN
fs = 10^5; N = 10^5; t = 1/fs:1/fs:N/fs; fm = 2; fc = 10^3; m = sin(2*pi*fm*t); c = sin(2*pi*fc*t); v = m.*c; SNRdB = 10; SNR = 10^(SNRdB/10); vn = var(v)/SNR; n = sqrt(vn)*randn(1,N); v = v + n; r=zeros(1,N); n=fs/fc; for k=1:fc mr((k-1)*n+1:k*n)=2*v((k-1)*n+1:k*n)*c((k-1)*n+1:k*n)'/n; end figure(1) subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr); axis([0 1 -1 1]) A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB
Sep. 23, 2010
[Prog10.m]
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Simulate Channel
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Digital Communication Systems
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Source
Modulator Channel
Destination
Demodulator
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Simulate BPSK
Simulation
%This program simulates BER clear all; close all; clc; num_bit=100000; max_run=20; Eb=1; SNRdB=0:1:9; SNR=10.^(SNRdB/10);
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[Prog11.m]
of BPSK in AWGN channel% %Signal length %Maximum number of iterations for a single SNR %Bit energy %Signal to Noise Ratio (in dB)
hand=waitbar(0,'Please Wait....'); for count=1:length(SNR) %Beginning of loop for different SNR avgError=0; No=Eb/SNR(count); %Calculate noise power from SNR
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Simulate BPSK
Simulation (Contd.) [Prog11.m]
Sep. 23, 2010
for run_time=1:max_run %Beginning of loop for different runs waitbar((((count-1)*max_run)+run_time-1)/(length(SNRdB)*max_run)); Error=0; data=randint(1,num_bit); s=2*data-1; N=sqrt(No/2)*randn(1,num_bit); Y=s+N; %Generate binary data source %Baseband BPSK modulation %Generate AWGN %Received Signal
for k=1:num_bit %Decision device taking hard decision and deciding error if ((Y(k)>0 && data(k)==0)||(Y(k)<0 && data(k)==1)) Error=Error+1; end end Error=Error/num_bit; avgError=avgError+Error; end %Calculate error/bit %Calculate error/bit for different runs %Termination of loop for different runs
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Simulate BPSK
Simulation (Contd.) [Prog11.m]
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BER_sim(count)=avgError/max_run; %Calculate BER for a particular SNR end %Termination of loop for different SNR BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(sqrt(SNR)); %Calculate analytical BER close(hand); semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'k'); %Plot BER hold on semilogy(SNRdB,BER_sim,'k*'); legend('Theoretical','Simulation',3); axis([min(SNRdB) max(SNRdB) 10^(-5) 1]); hold off
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Simulate BPSK
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References
[1] http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/
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[2] http://www.freewebs.com/acwebpage/teaching.htm [3] B.P. Lathi and Z. Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Oxford University Press, International 4th edition, 2010. [4] J.G. Proakis, M. Salehi, and G. Bauch, Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB, Thomson/ CLEngineering, 2nd edition, 2003.
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Sep. 23, 2010
Thank You! Questions???

aniruddha.chandra@ieee.org
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 38

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Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB : An Introduction

September 23, 2010

NIT DGP Student Branch

Sep. 23, 2010

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD