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E 1 00 Power Point Presentation Update 090901115018 Phpapp01 110501221338 Phpapp02
E 1 00 Power Point Presentation Update 090901115018 Phpapp01 110501221338 Phpapp02
Computer Basics
1.00 Examine the Role of Hardware and Software.
What Is A Computer?
An electronic device that receives data, processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output). A collection of electronic circuits, which can be on or off (open or closed).
These two states of the circuit are represented by two digits, 0 and 1. o Called the binary system. o Combining bits (0 and 1), you can represent any character or number.
o Software: the intangible set of instructions that tells the computer what to do; know as programs or software programs.
Types of Computers
Supercomputer: most powerful -
Personal computers: smaller and less powerful than the other types of computers Desktop Notebook or Tablet Laptop
Personal Computers
Desktop computer: designed to be used on a desktop. Notebook/Tablet computer: designed to be used on a desktop but still small enough to be portable. Laptop computer: designed to be small enough and light enough to be used on your lap.
PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) a handheld device that is often used in conjunction with a desktop or other PC. May have a special keyboard, some use a pen or stylus for entering data - Data can be transferred to a desktop or laptop computer
Data Communications
The technology that enables computers to communicate. The transmission of text, numeric, voice or video data from one machine to another. Popular examples: Internet, electronic messages (e-mail), faxes, and electronic or online banking
Four components:
Sender: the computer that is sending the message. Receiver: the computer receiving the message. Channel: the media that carries or transports the message. (telephone wire, coaxial cable, microwave signal, or fiber optic) Protocol: the rules that govern the orderly transfer of the data sent.
Network
When computers are connected to other computers They can share information and sometimes hardware (printers) Two Types: Local-Area and Wide-Area
CPU knows which switches to turn on and which to turn off because it receives its instructions from computer programs (software). CPU has two primary sections: Arithmetic/logic unit Control unit
Memory
Found on the motherboard Short term Random Access Memory (RAM) Long term Read Only Memory (ROM)
When the computer is turned off or if there is loss of power, what ever is stored in RAM disappears. Temporary Memory Short Term
The instructions remain on the chip regardless if the power is turned on or off. Most common is the BIOS ROM; where the computer uses instructions contained on this chip to boot or start the system when you turn on your computer. Permanent Memory Long Term
Basic Controllers:
On the motherboard, a device that controls the transfer of data from the computer to a peripheral device and vice versa. Generally stored on one single chip. Examples: keyboards, mouse, monitors, and printers
Expansion Slots
An opening on the motherboard where a circuit board or expansion board can be inserted. Examples: Additional Memory, video cards, modem cards, and sound cards.
How Does A Computer Process Data? PC system case the metal and plastic
case that houses the main system components of the computer.
Central to all of this is the motherboard or system board that mounts into the case.
Motherboard
Is a circuit board (a thin plate or board that contains electronic components) that contains many integral components.
Data Representation
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) The most popular and widely used standardized coding system
Byte
Eight bits or combinations of ones and zeros represent a character.
Example: 00000001 =1 or 00001010 - 10 KB-Kilobyte roughly 1 thousand bytes MB-Megabyte roughly 1 million bytes GB-Gigabyte roughly 1 billion bytes TB-Terabyte roughly 1 trillion bytes
you to hear voice, music, and other sounds from your computer. to use your computer to communicate with other computers.
Inkjet Printer
Better quality of printed document Machine uses an ink cartridge and a printing element to print a finer image on the paper.
Laser
Best quality of printed documents Laser beam and an ink toner cartridge are used to produce the images. More expensive Quick
Storage Devices
Magnetic storage devices use oxidecoated plastic storage media called mylar. As the disk rotates in the computer, an electromagnetic read/write head stores or retrieves data in circles called tracks.
Tracks are numbered from the outside to the inside and as data is stored on the disk it is stored on one of these numbered track. Each track is labeled and the location is stored in a log on the disk known as a file allocation table (FAT).
Accessing data is faster Amount of data that can be stored is much more than what can be stored on a floppy disk. Size of Hard drive is measured in megabytes or gigabytes.
Floppy Disk
Flat circles of iron oxide-coated plastic enclosed in a hard plastic case. Most are 3 inches and have a capacity to hold 1.44 MB or more of data.
Zip Disk
Capable of storing tremendous amounts of information They are only the size of a 3 inch disk but can hold as much as 1 gigabyte of data
Optical Discs
Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters Compact Disk (CD) can store 650MB to 800MB of information and data. CD-ROM (Read Only Memory) can only read data from a CD-ROM. You can store data on a CD only if you have a CD Burner and CD-R (writable) or CD-RW (rewritable) CD.
DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) is the size of a regular CD and can be played in a regular CD or in a DVD movie player. DVD can store 4.8GB to 8.0GB of information and data. DVD-ROM is readable only (a movie DVD). You can store data on a DVD only if you have a DVD Burner and DVD+R/DVD-R (writable) or DVD-RW (rewritable) DVD.
Systems Software
A group of programs that coordinate and control the resources and operations of a computer system. Enables all components of the computer system to communicate. Operating System, Utility Programs, and Graphic User Interface (GUI).
Systems Software
Operating System (OS):
Provide an interface between the user or application program and the computer hardware. Win 95/98/2000/XP/Vista Mac System 6/7/8/9
Utility Programs
Help you perform housekeeping chores; complete specialized tasks related to managing the computers resources, file management, and so on.
Application Software
Programs that work with the operating system software to help you use your computer to do specific types of work.
Business Software
Spreadsheet
Manipulate Numeric Data Intersection of row and column is a cell Grade Book, Financial Report
Database
Lets you set up an electronic filing systems Sort and Search Address book, Card Catalog
Word Processing
Create, edit, and print text documents Report, flyer, memo
Communications
Works with your modems or network hardware and allows your computer to communicate with other computers. Exchange computer files and email
Graphics Software
Uses pictures or images to help communicate messages.
Multimedia
Combines text, graphics, animation, video, and audio.
Clip art
Graphical images to be added to documents
Desktop Publishing
Uses both pictures and words to give you the ability to create documents. Newsletters and brochures
Integrated Software
Combine several software applications into one program. Include: Work Processing, Spreadsheet, Database, & Communication Examples: MS Works, MS OFFICE, & Lotus SmartSuite
Do not block vents on the CPU. Avoid bright sunny locations. Do not move the computer while it is in use. Always exit programs properly. Use a virus check program on a regular basis.
Keep protective metal slider in place. Use a virus check program on a regular basis. Avoid hot and cold locations. Make a back-up copy of your programs and files.
Make a back-up copy of your programs and files on CD or DVD. Insert into CD or DVD Drive properly; label facing up. Only write on CDs or DVD;s with a proper marking Pen on a label or the correct side of the CD or DVD.
Never pull paper out of a printer in motion. Do not turn off the printer while printing. Read the instruction manual before operating a printer. Always use the proper type of paper in your printer.
Periodically review disk directories & delete unneeded files. Make sure all plug-ins are secure at all times. Turn off the power and disconnect the equipment form the power source before you open the inside of you computer.
Keep surrounding area dirt and dust free. Back up files and data regularly. Periodically defragment your hard disk. Protect your system from computer viruses Learn to use system diagnostic programs
Ergonomics
The science of designing equipment for a comfortable and safe working environment.
Place all materials you will type on the right side of the computer and supplies on the left side. Keep any items you are not using off your desk. Occasionally rest your eyes and take short breaks. Avoid lights that cause glare on the monitor.
Keep your fingers on the home row keys and curved. Keep your wrists up, not touching the keyboard or desk. Focus your eyes on the book, copy or screen.