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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Gastroenteritis
Classification and external resources
Gastroenteritis viruses: A = rotavirus, B = adenovirus, C = Norovirus and D= Astrovirus. The virus particles are shown at the same magnification toallow size comparison.
ICD-10
A02.0 , A08 , A09 ,J10.8 , J11.8 , K 52 
ICD-9
008.8 009.0, 009.1,558
DiseasesDB
30726
eMedicine
emerg /213
MeSH
D005759
Gastroenteritis
(also known as
gastric flu
,
stomach flu
,
gastro
and
stomach virus
, although unrelatedto influenza) is marked by inflammation of thegastrointestinaltract involving both the stomach and small intestine resulting indiarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. The majority of cases in children globally are caused byrotavirus,while in adultsnorovirusis more common, at least in the United States. Less common causes include bacteria or their toxins, and parasites. Transmission
 
may occur due to improperly prepared foods, contaminated water or close contact with those who areinfectious.The foundation of management is adequate hydration. For mild or moderate cases this can typically beachieved via oral rehydration solution. For more severe cases intravenous fluids may be needed. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world.
 
Contents
 
[hide] 
•
1 Symptoms and signs
○
1.1 Complications
•
2 Cause
○
2.1 Viral
○
2.2 Bacterial
○
2.3 Protozoal
○
2.4 Transmi ssion
•
3 Pathophysiology
•
4 Diagnosis
○
4.1 Differential
•
5 Prevention
○
5.1 Lifestyle
○
5.2 Vaccination
•
6 Management
○
6.1 Rehydration
○
6.2 Dietary
 
○
6.3 Antiemetics
○
6.4 Antibiot ics
○
6.5 Antimot ility agents
•
7 Epidemiology
•
8 History
•
9 Society and culture
•
10 References
•
11 External links
[edit]
Symptoms and signs
Gastroenteritis typically involvesdiarrhea,vomiting,and abdominal cramps.
[1]
 These symptoms usually begin12–72 hours after contracting the infectious agent
[2]
and if due to viral agent usually lasts less than one week.
[1]
Some viral causes may also be associated with fever , fatigue,headaches,andmuscle pains.
[1]
 If thestool isbloodythe cause is less likely to be viral
[1]
and more likely to be bacterial.
[3]
 Some bacterial infections may beassociated with severe abdominal pain and may last for weeks without treatment.
[3]
[edit]
Complications
Children infected with rotavirus usually make a full recovery after a few days.
[4]
 Dehydrationis a commoncomplication of diarrhea
[5]
 and a child with mild or moderate dehydration may have a prolongedcapillary refill , poor skin turgor and abnormal breathing.
[6]
In areas with poor sanitation repeat infections may leadto malnutrition
[2]
 stunted growth anddelayed development.
[7]
Reactive arthritisoccurs in 1% of people follow campylobacter infection andGuillian Barre syndrome(HUS) occurs in 0.1%.
[3]
 Hemolytic uremic syndromemay occur secondary to infections with Shiga toxin producing E. Coli or Shigella resulting inlow platelets, poor kidney function, and low red blood cells due to their breakdown.
[8]
Children are more predisposed to getting HUS.
[7]
[edit]
Cause
Virusesparticularlyrotavirus,and the bacteria 
E. coli 
,and
Campylobacter 
are the primary causes of gastroenteritis.
[9
 
][2]
There are however many other infectious agents that that can cause this syndrome.
[7]
[edit]
Viral
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