FOLIO FIZIK

NAMA PELAJAR : MUSFIRAH BINTI MOHAMED TINGKATAN : 5 CAMELLIA

QUESTIONS :

a) Describe the electromagnetic spectrum (using diagram) b) State the properties of electromagnetic waves (using diagram) c) Describe the application and its detrimental effects of each components of the electromagnetic spectrum

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. The sun, earth, and other bodies radiate electromagnetic energy of varying wavelengths. Electromagnetic energy passes through space at the speed of light in the form of sinusoidal waves. The wavelength is the distance from wavecrest to wavecrest (see figure below).

Light is a particular type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen and sensed by the human eye, but this energy exists at a wide range of wavelengths. The micron is the basic unit for measuring the wavelength of electomagnetic waves. The spectrum of waves is divided into sections based on wavelength. The shortest waves are gamma rays, which have wavelengths of 10e-6 microns or less. The longest waves are radio waves, which have wavelengths of many kilometers. The range of visible consists of the narrow portion of the spectrum, from 0.4 microns (blue) to 0.7 microns (red).

Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation Region Radio Microwave Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X-Rays Gamma Rays Wavelength (Angstroms) > 109 109 - 106 106 - 7000 7000 - 4000 4000 - 10 10 - 0.1 < 0.1 Wavelength (centimeters) > 10 10 - 0.01 0.01 - 7 x 10-5 Frequency (Hz) < 3 x 109 3 x 109 - 3 x 1012 3 x 1012 - 4.3 x 1014 Energy (eV) < 10-5 10-5 - 0.01 0.01 - 2 2-3 3 - 103 103 - 105 > 105

7 x 10-5 - 4 x 10-5 4.3 x 1014 - 7.5 x 1014 4 x 10-5 - 10-7 10-7 - 10-9 < 10-9 7.5 x 1014 - 3 x 1017 3 x 1017 - 3 x 1019 > 3 x 1019

PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

In general, as a wave s wavelength increases, the frequency decreases, and as wave s wavelength decreases, the frequency increases. When electromagnetic energy is released as the energy level increases, the wavelength decreases and frequency decreases. Thus, electromagnetic radiation is then grouped into categories based on its wavelength or frequency into the electromagnetic spectrum. The different types electromagnetic radiation shown in the electromagnetic spectrum consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we are able to see is the visible light spectrum

Electromagnetic waves (source/characteristics) a) GAMMA RAY

dangerous rays coming from nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. They have the shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum of about 1/10,000,000 centimeter.

Application Kill cancerous cell Sterilisation of surgical tools and food. Help engineers to check welds and metal joints. -

Detrimental effects Acute radiation sickness Irradiated food Radiated cell

b) X-RAY
go through the body and are used for medical purposes.

c) ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
rays are what give you sunburn and are used in "black lights" that make object glow

Help doctor to check bones and teeth Help engineers to check welds and metal joints Kill cancerous cell X-ray diffraction helps scientists to study arrangement of atoms in various substances Used to detect whether an art piece is genuine or not Fluorescent lamp Detection of security markings in currency notes Sterilization of surgical tools and plant seedlings Photography Photosynthesis of plants Enables human beings and animals to see Transmission of information through optical fibers
For cooking food-ovens, grills, and toaster Remote controls for televisions and video players Intruder alarm system

Cell mutation Cell death Hydrogen peroxide levels Molecule structure Fetal damage

Skin cancer Melanoma Nonmelanoma skin cancers Cataracts Immune suppression

d) VISIBLE LIGHT
waves are the radiation you can see with your eyes. Their wavelengths are in the range of 1/1000 centimeter.

Depression Brain damage Macular degeneration Similar though laser effect Breakdown of object s molecular structure Eye damage Skin damage & laser Greenhouse effect

e) INFRARED RAYS
waves are barely visible. They are the deep red rays you get from a heat lamp.

Electromagnetic waves (source/characteristics) f) MICROWAVES

are used in telecommunication as well as for cooking food

Application Communication system with satellites Used in radar system Global Positioning System (GPS) For cookingmicrowaves oven -

Detrimental effects Microwave ovens turn some minerals into cancerous agents Foods from a microwave may cause tumors in the stomach and intestine Increased cancerous cell in human body Decreased immune system function in human May cause memory lost Cause body to shut down it hormones production Alzheimer s, senility and dementia Parkinsons Autism
Fatigue Headaches Sleep disruptions Altered memory function , poor concentration and spatial awareness

g) RADIO WAVES
longest usable waves, having a wavelength of 1 mile (1.5 kilometer) or more.

For broadcasting and wireless communication UHF (Ultra high frequency) radio waves television and handphone VHF(Very high frequency) radio waves - local radio and wireless communication used by the police