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No. 11-804
I
N
T
HE
 
Supreme Court of the United States
 ___________________ J
ONATHAN
M
ORGAN
,
 
by and through his parents
 
andlegal guardians,
 
D
OUG
M
ORGAN
and
 
R
OBIN
M
ORGAN
,
 ET AL
.,
Petitioners,
v.L
 YNN
S
WANSON
,
ET AL
.,
Respondents.
 ___________________ 
On Petition For A Writ Of CertiorariTo The United States Court Of AppealsFor The Fifth Circuit
  ___________________ 
BRIEF FOR CATO INSTITUTE ASAMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS
 ___________________ 
I
LYA 
S
HAPIRO
 A 
NASTASIA 
K 
ILLIAN
 C
 ATO
I
NSTITUTE
 1000 Mass. Ave., NWWashington, DC 20001January 26, 2012D
 AVID
L.
 
H
ORAN
Counsel of Record 
 R
ICHARD
D.
 
S
 ALGADO
  A 
NDREW
O.
 
W
IRMANI
 L
 AURA 
J
 ANE
D
URFEE
 J
ONES
D
 AY 
 2727 N. Harwood StreetDallas, TX 75201-1515(214) 220-3939dlhoran@jonesday.com
 Counsel for Amicus Curiae 
 
 
 
QUESTION PRESENTED
For purposes of qualified immunity, is it clearlyestablished that school officials cannot discriminateagainst private student-to-student speech duringnon-curricular activities and at non-curricular timessolely on the basis of the religious viewpoint of thatspeech?
 
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
QUESTION PRESENTED .......................................... iINTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE ............................ 1SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................... 1 ARGUMENT ............................................................... 3I. THE FIFTH CIRCUIT’S DECISIONRENDERS IT VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANY CONSTITUTIONAL LAW TO BE“CLEARLY ESTABLISHED” FORQUALIFIED IMMUNITY PURPOSES ............. 3 A. General Statements Can ClearlyEstablish Constitutional Law...................... 4B. Rather Than Being Established Only“At A High Level Of Generality,”Students’ Speech Rights Have BeenEstablished With Specificity ThroughGeneral Statements ..................................... 9II. COURTS CANNOT LOOK TO NON-BINDING OPINIONS TO FIND THATTHE LAW WAS NOT “CLEARLY ESTABLISHED” SIMPLY BECAUSEBINDING PRECEDENT IS NOT“SPECIFICALLY AND FACTUALLY  ANALOGOUS” TO THE INSTANT CASE ..... 12CONCLUSION ......................................................... 15
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