CHEMISTRY

Students,

Parents are getting tension as the

conditions are changing time to time. One can
score the maximum in Chemistry practicals with
proper planning and systematic approach. Let
us see what is Chemistry practical? How is it?

Weightage of marks
Out of 30 marks 10 marks are allotted for salt
analysis (preliminary testes-2, anion-4, cation-3
report-1), 11 marks for volumetric analysis
(brief procedure in first 10 minutes-3, formula-1,
calculation-2, titration up to 1% error-5), 4
marks for Organic (physical state-1, solubility-1,
functional group-1, confirmatory test-1), 2
marks for viva and 3 marks for the record.

Before the Exam

Keep the record neat, colourful and get it certified. Allot one day to prepare volumetric analysis and organic practicals. As you have only 6

resorcinol & HCl) and fructose (charring with

Conc. H2SO4 in hot condition, red ppt. With
resorcinol and HCl), Benzoic acid (effervescence with NaHCO3, no purple colour in FeCl3
test) and phenol (no effervescence with
NaHCO3, purple colour in FeCl3 test), Aniline
(white ppt. with bromine water & in diazotisation test), benzaldehyde (pink colour with
Schiff's reagent, orange yellow ppt. with 2, 4
DNP). Other conclusions are Glucose,
Fructose, Benzoic acid, phenol are only solids.
But in exam, phenol is given in liquid form
(burning sensation if falls on skin). Learn
named reactions, other related tests to answer
viva questions.
Allot 1 day for salt analysis. It is easy to
remember, reproduce the preliminary tests.
There are only 5 anions ((CO3-2, Cl-, Br-, NO3, SO4-2). Carbonates give effervescence with
dil HCl, Cl- gives colourless gas, Br- gives reddish brown gas with Conc. H2SO4 in cold condition. NO3- gives reddish brown gas with Conc.

experiment with in 10
minutes. Give the principle, solution to be
taken
in
pipette,
Burette, Conical flask,
name of the indicator,
colour change at end
point, tabular form and
formula (V1M1/n1 =
V2M2/n2). Donot try to copy burette reading at
the end point from your friend as they give 2 different concentrations in a batch. Use only one
drop of indicator to locate clear, exact end
point. The difference between 1st and 2nd titre
values must be within 0.1 - 0.2 ml. But 2nd & 3rd
titre values must be same (lesser than 0.1 ml or
0.2 ml than 1st titre value). Fill the pipette or
burette without air gaps or bubbles. Note down
the readings of burette with naked eye without
any error (lower meniscus for colourless solution, upper meniscus for coloured solution).

Systematic Appr oach is Impor tant!

experiments in volumetric analysis, learn procedure, formula, molecular weights, calculations, name of the indicator, colour change at
the end point, equation for the reaction. You
have only 10 simple organic compounds. You
can remember it, you classify all the organic
compounds into 4 groups i.e., water
soluble(Ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, glucose, fructose, acetone, acetaldehyde), NaOH soluble
(phenol, benzoic acid), dil. HCl soluble
(Aniline),
Conc.
H2SO4
soluble
(Benzaldehyde). Identify aromatic (sooty flame
given by Benzoic acid, phenol, Aniline,
Benzaldehyde) and aliphatic compounds (nonsooty flame). Compare the tests between Ethyl
alcohol (no effervescence with NaHCO3) and
acetic acid ( effervescence with NaHCO3);
Aldehydes (pink colour with Schiff's reagent
and yellow ppt. With 2, 4 DNP) and Ketones (no
pink colour with Schiff's reagent and gives yellow ppt. with 2, 4 DNP), glucose (charring with
Conc. H2SO4 in cold condition, no red ppt. with

-- ---Y

v--l-A h NZ vd--q h \ C--a. NZ

vd- N? C C? p
--.

\ -@

vd-q --* h \ 30.

10 \ Nx-- (v-N
K-~2, 4, -3, Jd1), 11
\- --J---t Nx-- ( 10
EN-x xh N--E3, v1, L-u-2, jv-5),
_-E- 4 \ (A nA1, v--1,
v 1, El- K~1), j ,
J-f \ --.

K-~ x-

J-f , -- QJ{ - Jdj --E l . _-E,

--J---t Nx- (..-N.) ---E
-V --. --J---t Nx--
6 v- o. a---Lq
... v N, v, -, L-u--q, < v , A
n l a p, u O---.
-- o 10 _-E t--- 4
v- N>* a--L.
N F J-N (j \-, --x,
x, vd , -, --Lf-j),
NaOH J-N (, - x),
HCl J-N (E-M),
H2SO4 J-N (-Lf-j).
*a t- -- (- -- y-Ea
- x, , E-M, -L-f j- ),
L-- (--- y-E-y-EN) -

H2SO4 in hot condition.

SO4-2 gives a white ppt.
with BaCl2. Do remember the colour, name, formula or the ppt. There
are 10 cations (pb+2,
Cu+2, Al+3, Fe+3, Zn+2,
Mn+2, Ba+2 Ca+2, NH4+,
Mg+2) in your syllabus. A.N.S. Sankararao
Remember them groupwise (group reagents, colour, formula of the
ppt; Confirmatory test). Conduct a self mock
test for 3 hours and verify it with your lecturer.
Discuss the mistakes in order to rectify them in
practical exam. Attend the main practical exam
one hour in advance.

During the exam

You are asked to pick up one paper from the
bunch, occupy the mentioned seat you are
requested to write brief
procedure of volumetric

Finish all the calculations carefully. Do not forget to write the Units.
Allot 1 hour for salt analysis. Some of the
identification marks of the salts are: lead nitrate
is heavy in your palm, gives crackling sound
during heating, ammonium salts give white sublimate, copper salts are blue coloured,
Manganese salts are pink coloured, Ferrous
salts are pale green coloured, Barium salts give
pale apple green flame. Give all observations in
3 columns. Better to report anion & cation to the
examiner before doing the confirmatory tests.
Irrespective of results, perform all the tests honestly. Examiner may ask you to show confirmatory tests (both in salt analysis & organic compounds). Keep the test tubes till you go to next
part. Spend 30 minutes to finish organic practical. You have to write
Physical State, ignition

+2
+
NH4 , Mg ) v- ---L.
K (v , j
\-
~ , v, En(NaHCO3
-EGuidelines for Practicals
K~) a--L.
y),
--x
Fo h-u O
(NaHCO3
-EhC); Lf-j- ( - G O y 3 vd- K-~ .
, 2, 4 DNP -~-Eo p-pLo u--- Ja* p -j
K~ vh L.
h.),
v-d K- ~ K~ v-E xL.
x ( - -E-y, F 2, 4
DNP -- - ~-Eo h);
K~ J---p: K l-A \ *
xV ( H2SO4 --x--C, J-Jq- x * Eo B-E v O -* _- xL. C EN-x
, HCl vE -~--E-y),
vd (, H2SO4 --x--C. --J---t Nx-- xh L.
u v, , u, p
J-Jq-, HCl vE -~-Eo hC),
- v-, * , A--n l
- x (NaHCO3 -E-hC, B

a p, d, v (V1M1/n1 =
FeCl3 K-~ v-g ),.
V2M2/n2) v L. -u- -K-- \ (NaHCO3 -, FeCl3 K-~ -J --* ---l. u v-g hC),
o v--L-h. , A n
E-M (vN F-, - --- u 0.1 N.M 0.2 N.M --. ,
x ~Eo hC), -Lf-j ( - A n -N- L. (
G , 2, 4 DNP J N N 0.1N.M. 0.2 N.M.
-E-hC).
\- L) , u-- L -
K-~ u -Eh a--L. - v-- J EL.
-- u, (t-) -C u K B--L (o
K~ a- j (" K~) L_ v--E j dEo, -E v--E C
C.
dEo B--L) L-u---x v-h
Nx- N--E -V --L. L. E-x Ja--l.
v-N K-~ L_ h-. -- 5
Nx - -Eo --L. Eo
-x (CO3-2, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, SO4-2) - - h- -Eo L_ -\-a. - v-j -
o. HCl s-x -E-h. E A- B- - C. - h
H2SO4 x nA xj -E j; *- y--h. t-E - p-
vi , j; H2SO4 jv . - FL-, F- -- h. BaCl2 H , v - - a
p x -~-Eo hC. -~ , . J - - a
E , v h--. 10 --x y-E- h. O - -d - E 3 -q
(Pb+2, Cu+2, Al+3, Fe+3, Zn+2, Mn+2, Ba+2 Ca+2,
(v
JQ- - -NA) . El-

test, solubility, identification of functional group

and confirmatory test. Recollect all the points
noted, learned during 2 days preparation. You
could able to guess organic compounds
according to their physical status, solubilities
and other characteristics. Ethanol gives sweet
smell and gives cool sensation of the test tube,
acetone gives nail polish remover smell; glucose, fructose gives burning sugar smell during
ignition. As per Board guidelines papers of the
students who scored between 27 to 30 are to
be rechecked. Those who expect maximum
marks are advised to write each & every point,
to check the paper after completion of exam.
Allot 20 minutes for Viva, Writing, Verification of
Calculations etc.

Viva: Viva questions are related to your practicals (brown ring test, diazodization, carbyl
amine test etc). If you are unable to answer,
they may ask from I.P.E. Physical & Organic
Chemistry topics. Some of the frequently asked
questions are what is auto catalyst? Indicator,
Solubility product? Common ion effect?
Molarity? Molecular Weights etc. Though Viva
is meant for 2 marks, it will fetch you a lot if you
could satisfy the examiner with your polite
answers.
Precautions: Do not do titration of KMnO4 with
Oxalic acid very fast. Add 1 test tube full of dil
H2SO4 to Oxalic acid. Wear cotton dress,
shoes, glasses. Handle Chemicals and flame
carefully.
Wish you all the best.

K~ () O --o -,
- x bN- - p . EB- v-d
L. bN- - T- El- K- ~ (_E ) -d . d J- -n x l
x- , bN- -- - - u.l _E v-d - - -- . DE -C * A An , v-
- , v
Jh, El- K~, t-C J_ .
a-o - -- - - -L.
A- An , v-
- , d -
tEo - a. - Au , --L J- h.
K- ~ x , v d \ - E- - h.
f E- -R v 27 30 \ *a
- x Sx -h. d C- \
-- - \ u-j N*- - --d
L. O*- a K- ~ - v- Eo ~ o JQ- L- L. 20 EN- -Eo j , L-u--
- x Sx - -- -E --L.

-- j vo vd- -C-*j . (-- K~, - -- N) - p- >, _E

u- * vo-- ----o.
(y vp- N? < v
N? v-- l, t
v, -J N?) j 2
\ O p j ---
b-N- p---L-T Eo \ J
----o.

v-h

KMnO4, b-L--x jv- y . b-L x-E K-~--R E

H2SO4 E -L. h, x, x-
Ja--. - y, --- v-h
u--J-.
N-- O.