Corporate Training on Java Programming

From : UPTEC Computer Consultancy Ltd Civil Lines , Allahabad

By : Vijay Kumar Dwivedi

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Genesis of Java
High Level Languages Prior to C Structured Programming ShortComings of Structured Programming Object Oriented Paradigm Need of Java Evolution of Java
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Continued
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Genesis of Java (Continued..)

Platform Independence in Java Features of Java Java and Internet Java and it s Varieties Starting Java Programming Points to remember Summary
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High Level Language Prior to C

Language FORTRAN BASIC ASSEMBLY COBOL Use Scientific Application Easy to learn Highly Efficient for System Program Business Application
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Not Applicable System Code Large Program Not Easy to Learn System Program
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Structured Programming
A language is said to be structured if it supports the following construct
Sequential Selection
IF CASE

Iteration
FOR WHILE DO WHILE
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Shortcomings of Structured Programming

Not Efficient for Handling of Complex Programs in terms of
Maintenance
Addition in existing Programs Modification in Existing Programs

Security Reusability

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Object Oriented Paradigm

Organizes Program around it s data . Data Controlling access to the Code Abstraction
Hiding Complexity of Data and Code

Encapsulation
Mechanism that binds code and data together.

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Abstraction
Hiding Complexity of Data Can be done by breaking a complex problem into more manageable pieces. Internal Structure and Organization of Data is completely Hidden. Similarly the working methodology of methods is completely Hidden from the external view.
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Encapsulation
Mechanism that binds data and code together. Keeps code and data safe from outside interference and misuse. Class is the implementation of Encapsulation

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Class
Defines the structure and behaviour shared by the set of objects. Class is a logical construct. The elements which are defined inside the class are called the member of the class. The Variables defined inside the class are known as member Variables ans Similarly the code defined inside the class is known as methods. Class is a data type for creating objects. Continued
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Class Continued
Class Name Account Holder ac_no name Member functions op_bal deposit() withdrawl() Member Variables

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Objects
Are also known as instance of a class. An Object is a class type variable holding individual copy of data. The variables defined inside the class are known as Properties/ Attributes of the object of that class and similarly the methods defined inside the class are known as Behaviour of the Objects for that Class.

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Declaration of Object
Account Holder ac_no name op_bal deposit() withdrawl() ac1 is an object of Account Holder Class ac1

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Inheritance
The Process by which one object acquires the properties of another object The class whose members are being used by the objects of another class is known as Superclass. The class whose objects uses members defined in another class is known as subclass

Continued
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Inheritance (Continued )
Super Class Account Holder
ac_no name op_bal

acOpen() withdrawl() deposit()

Sub Class

ChequeBook Holder chequeBook st_no chequeBook_eno wd_Cheque()

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Polymorphism
Allows one interface to be used for general class of actions and the specific action is determined by the exact nature of the situation. Polymorphism can be expressed by One Interface multiple methods . Eg. Dog s Smell
If dog smells a cat , it will bark and if it smells food then it will run to the bowl.

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Platform Independence
Before discussing Platform Independence we have to understand the Compilation of any Program in High Level language

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Compilation of a Program
Source Code

Dos Based Compiler

Window based Compiler

Unix Based Compiler

Dos/ Windows based Operating System

Unix Operating System

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Need of Java
The Primary Motivation for Java was the need for Platform Independent Language to create Softwares to be embedded in various Consumer Electronic Devices. Platform Independent Language means that can be used to produce code which can run on variety of CPU under different environments.

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Evolution of Java
Java was invented by James Goasling Initially it was known as Oak but later renamed Java in 1995. Java was primarily designed for Consumer Electronic Devices but due to plateform independence feature it has proven to be the most suitable language for Internet Applications.
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Platform Indepedence in Java

Java Compiler generates the ByteCode for any Source code in java Byte Code is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by Java Runtime System (Java Virtual Machine). JVM is an interpreter for bytecode. JVM controls the execution of Java Program. JVM can contain the program and prevent it from generating the side effect outside of the System .
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Compilation of a Program in Java

Source Code in Java Output of Compilation Byte Code JVM for Dos/Windows

Java Compiler

JVM for Unix /Linux

Dos/ Windows based Operating System

Unix Operating System

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Features of Java
Simple Portable Object Oriented Robust Multithreaded Interpreted Distributed
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Java and Internet

Java provides facility to create two type of Programs Application Applet An Application is a program that runs on the local computer An applet is a small application designed to be transmitted over INTERNET and executed by Java compatiable Web Browser
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Java & it s Varieties

CORE JAVA- contains general classes and method which can be used to create standalone application. Applet small application that can be executed by Java Web Browser. Swing contains classes & methods to create Advanced Graphical User interface. JSP (Java Server pages) provides facility to create Application that can be executed on the Server. JDBC provides facility to connect databases of different vendors with application & applet.
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Java & it s Varieties (Continued )

RMI- ( Remote Method Invocation ) provides facility to execute one method on one from another machine. EJB (Enterprise Java Beans) provides application to create middle tier application .

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Starting Java Programming

Java Source code can be created by using any type of text Editor. Java Source Code is a text file having extension . java. Java is Case Sensitive. Sample of the Java Program is

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Sample of Java Program File Name (test.java)

class test { public static void main ( String args[]) { System.out.println( Welcome ); } }
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Explanation of Sample Program

test class name public scope static keyword void - keyword main ()- starting method for execution String bulit in Data Type args[] default array name for storing values System.out.println() - method for displaying information on console
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Compiling a Java Program

javac compiler is used for compiling the source file . The Syntax is
javac sourcefilename

javac compiler creates a class file having extension .class which represents the bytecode of the program.

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Executing a Java Program

Java Interpreter (java) is used for executing any java program. It accepts bytecode as input and interprets for a particular machine. The Syntax is : java classfilename

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Output of Sample Program

C:\jdk1.3\bin>java test Welcome

C:\jdk1.3\bin>

Variable & its Declaration

A container which can store the specific type of value Syntax for Declaration
DataType variable name;

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Data Types

Primitive

Non Primitive

Number byte,int,long float double

Character char

Array Boolean boolean

Class

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Operators
Arithmetic +, - , * , / ,% Relational <, <,>=,<=,== Logical &&,|| , ! Bitwise <<,>>,>>>

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Sequential Construct
if statement if (condition)
{ statement; statement; } else { statement ; statement; }

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Sequential Construct
if statement if (condition)
{ statement; statement; } else { statement ; statement; } Condition True Condition True

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Sequential Construct
if statement if (condition)
{ statement; statement; } else { statement ; statement; } Condition False

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Loops
While Loop
Protested loops Loop continues till condition remains true Loop terminates as condition becomes false Syntax while (condition) { statement; }

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Loops
do while Loop
Post tested loops  condition is given at the end of the loop  loop is executed at least once irrespective of condition evaluation  Loop continues till condition remains true  Loop terminates as condition becomes false Syntax do { statement; }while (condition);

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Arrays
Continuous Memory location for holding similar type of data under a single heading Syntax
Datatype variable name [] =new Datatype[size]; Array locations are referenced by arrayname[subscript];

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Points to Remember
Java is case sensitive. Class name and source file name should be same otherwise it will generate error at the time of execution. Java is Strictly Object Oriented language therefore everything should be inside the class Definition.
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Summary
Therefore , we have covered Genesis of Java Java Features Object Oriented Pradaigm Java Overview Queries ?

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Thanks End of Day -1

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