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FarmProduction
&
Practice
MinistryofAgricultureandFisheriesTheconstructionofashearingshedisoneofthemajorsinglecapitalitemsonanyfarm.Shearinginvolvescon-siderablecostsinplant,timeandlabour.Aswellshearingisacrucialtimeinthemanagementofsheepandtheirwoolproduction.Soitisimportantthat,fromtheoutset,anewshearingshedincorporatesallofthebestpossibledesignfeatures.Badsheddesign,inadequatelighting,congestedwoolorpenroom,poorequipment.allmeanhigherlabourinputs,slowerthroughputs,poorerwoolhandlingandpresentation,andgreaterstressonbothmanandanimal.Thebasicneedsof
a
shedare:•Afreeflowofsheepthroughit.•Goodlightforshearingandwoolhandling.•CarefuIrelationshipbetweenpendoors,downtubes,returnracesorchutestoallowefficientshearing.•Awoolroomthatpermitsgoodwoolhandling,adequatewooldivisionintoclasses,andanefficientflowofwoolfromtheboardtothebale.•Adequatebalestorage.•Adequateventilationandcarefulsitingoftheshedtogivepleasantworkingconditions.•Adequatesheephousingforaday'sshearing.
Whattypeofshedshouldbebuilt?
Beforethisquestioncanbeanswered,anumberoffactors-economicandphysicalneedtobeconsidered.Suchasthefollowing:•Isawoolshedanexpensiveconvenience,orisitaneconomicnecessity?•HowmuchvaluablecapitalshouldbeinvestedinwoolharvestingfaciIities?Aretherewaysofreducingitscost,orincreasingthecapitaluseofsuchaplant?•Whatisthecheapestcapitalstructurethatcanbeusedtoharvestwool,butstillhaveamultitudeofotheruses?•Shouldjointorco-operativeshearingshedsbeenteredinto?•Ifmoneyisborrowedtobuild,canthepropertyservicetheloan?•Canthestructurebebuiltinstages?•Whattypeofshed-chute,returnrace,internalboard,outsideportalorrecessedcentreboard?
ShearingSheds
ConstructionorRenovation
FirstConsiderations
•Howmanystandsareneeded?..Whatistheflocksizenowandwhatwillitbeintwentyyears?•WhatistheanticipatedlifeoftheaIdpartofthebuildingifrenovated?
Q
Howbadisthedryrot,borerdamage,woodenpiles?Doexistinglighttrussesorbeamsholdinguptheroof,meanexpensivereplacement?•Istheclimatesuchthatalargesheepholdingcapacityundercoverisnecessary?•Whatsortoflabourpatternisenvisagedintheshedinthenexttenyears-family;openshed;contract?•Doshearersneedtobeaccommodated?•Whatistheminimumnumberofdrysheeptheshearerswillturnupforononeday,ifsubsequentdayswi11belostthroughinclementweather?•Isthefarmlikelytobesub-divided?Ifsowillahugeshedbeanover-capitalisedasset?Inlightofthis,istheshedinthewrongplace.Woulditbebettertohavetwosmallsheds?•Isthefarmtosmall?Inwhichcase,coulditbethatonaperstockunitbasisthecapitalinvestedisnotjustified?Isitbettertoborrowtobuyaneighbouringpropertythathasreasonablefacilities?•Whataretheeasiestandcheapeststructurestobuild?Shouldtheshedgoupintheair?Orshoulditbebuiltatgroundlevel?•Whatmaterialscouldbeused?Trusses.orbeamsofwood,orsteel.•Shouldarelativelysmallwoolshedbebuiltandcoveredyardsincorporated?•Whatdesignpitfallscanonefallinto?•Whatpreferencefeaturesdoyouwishtoincorporateinthestructure?•WhataretheUnion/Labourrequirements?
Torenovateorrebuild
Renovationscanbeconsideredinlightofthefollowingpoints:•Thereisstillnormallysomelifeinanexistingshedifitslessthan20yearsold.•Cantheshedbeeasilyconvertedtochutes(highenoughofftheground,oramplerafterclearance,toputinanraisedboard)orreturnraces?MediaServices,MAF,PrivateBag,Wellington,NewZealand.
 
•Canthewoolhandlingareabeopenedupwithouttheinstallationofexpensivetrussesortheremovaloftherooftoputinbeamsandtrusses?•Thecostpersquaremetrerenovated.Isitlessthanthecostoftotalreplacement?•Iffundsavailablearelimited,thenmaybecircum-stancessuitshorttermimprovements.•Moregeneroustaxationprovisionsapplytorenovationthanapplytonewbuilding.Insomeoldersheds,ithasbeensufficienttoprovidemorelightandventilation,torepairgrating,andputinextragatesforbettersheepmovement.Theseareinexpen-sivepracticalmovesthatcanprovideabigdifferenceintheworkabilityofashed(Fig1).Ifthestudheightorroofconstructionissatisfactory,itispossibletoaddaraisedboard,catchingpensandbackraceontoanexistingwoolshed(seeplans7and9)withtheraisedboardleadingontotheoldwoolroom.Arampcanberaceontoanexistingwoolshed(seeplans7and9inAgLinksFPP582and583respectively)withtheraisedboardlead-ingontotheoldwoolroom.Arampcanbebuilttoleadwoollysheepfromtheoldgratingalongtheinsidewalloftheshed.Thegratingintheoldshedcaneventuallybereplacedwithcoveredyards.Rebuildingshouldbeconsideredwhen:•Existingfacilitieshavelimitedlife.•Canbeincorporatedwithaexistingoldwoolshedwithatleast5years'lifetoprovideacheapsheepcover;orinassociationwithexistingcoveredyards.•Loanmoneyisavailableandtheloancanbeserviced.Otherfacilitiesforyardingsheep,inwetordustyweather:storingimplements,andotherfarmwork,canbecheaplyincorporatedintotheoverallstructure.
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Fig,1:
Theshedmaybe
full
ofborerortoooldtorenovate,
but
could
be
usefulforsheeporbalestorageuntilcoveredyardsareavailable.
ForfurtherinformationcontactalocalMAFsheepandbeefofficer.
@
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Galloway
SheepandBeefOfficer
AdvisoryServicesDivisionChristchurch
 
Farm
Production
&
Practice
MinistryofAgricultureandFisheriesWhetherornotashearingshedisofgoodorbaddesign,dependsgreatlyonwhatsystemischosenfortheexitofshornsheepfromtheboard.Therearefourbasicsystemsandsomevariationsorcombinationsofthem.TheprosandconsofthedifferenttypesofexitsystemsarediscussedinthisAgLink.Thereissomediscussionofmaterialsthatcan'beusedforthestructure.Alsosomediscussionofcostsandwordsofwarningtofarmersintend-ingtoembarkonbuildinganewwoolshed.
Outsideportholesheds
Thelongnarrowshearingboardcreatescongestionwithshearersdraggingsheepacrosstheboardandwoolhandlerswalkingupanddowntheboard.Itisveryinefficientforwoolhandlingandusuallyrequiresadditionalshedhands.Theportholesaredraughtyandshearershavealongerdistancetodragtheirsheep.Thesesystemsarenowoutmoded.Theyarecertainlynotrecommended.Butanexistingoutsideportholeshedcanberenovatedtoareturnraceorchuteshed.
Internalboardsheds
Theseshedshavethesameinherentdifficultiesastheoutsideportholeshed.Butaswell,shornsheeptakeupvaluablefloorspaceinthecountingoutpens.Thereislittleadvantageinbuildingthistypeofstructure.
Returnrace
Thistypeofexitsystem(Fig.1)hasseveraladvantages:•Excellentforkeepingsheepwarmaftershearing,andforgeneralworkingofsheepattimeotherthanshearing.Racesaregenerallyabout1mwide.•Permitsgoodobservationofthestandardofshearing.Withsmallhurdles,thereturnracescanbeusedasmotheringuppens.•Draughtproof.•Shornsheepmovethroughexitwithease.•Reasonablewoolhandlingfacilitiesupto3stands.Buttherearedisadvantages:•Toavoidconstantcountingoutrequiresmoreshedlengthforalongrace.So,doesnotalwayssuitacoveredyardcombination.•Shornsheeptakeupvaluablespaceusuallyoccupiedbyunshorndrysheep.•Shearersarefurtherapart.Thuswoolhandlersneedtowalkfurther.•Shornandunshornsheepusuallyusethesamebackraceanddoorwayofshed.•Racestendtogetcloggedupwithwoolfromtheboard.•Shedsneedtobewidertoaccommodatethecatchingpenandreturnraces:Normaldistancebetweenstandsis3.5minareturnraceset-up,asagainst2.0-2.5minchutesheds..Wideshedssuchasthesearedearertobuild.Forexample,a3-standshedcanbeonethirdwiderthana3-standchuteshed.•Awkwardtobalanceupsheepbetweenallcatchingpens,ascatchingpenscannotbefilledfromtheside.•Countingoutpensfillveryquicklyatcrutchingtime.•Automaticsheepcounterscannotbeincorporated.
Chutesheds
Chuteshedsappeartohavemoreadvantagesthanothertypes.Shedhandsandshearersmustbeconsidered,aswellasthefarmers'requirements,regardingsheepmovementwithintheshed.
ShearingSheds
Construction
Types
r-~
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Fig.1:Returnracedesignallowsshornsheeptopasseasilythroughracesinsidethesheet.Theyarealsousefulforgeneralsheepwork,butthestandsarespreadacrosstheshedfurtherandsidefillingisnotpossible..
Theadvantagesare:•Closenessofshearers(2mapart)makeseasierwoolhandling.•Shedcanbenarroweddown,makingitcheapertobuild,especiallyintheuseoftrusses.•Thereisnotsomuchexpenseinvolvedintheuseoftrussesexpeciallv.•Sheepcanbeautomaticallycountedoutandareoutoftheshedimmediatelyaftershearing.•Catchingpenscanbesidefilled.•Allavailabletopfloorshedspaceisused.•Laboursavingsforwoolhandlercanbe10-15%againstreturnracesand20-30%againstoutsideport-holesheds.•CurvedorU-shapedboardscanbeincorporated.•Returnracesystemcanbeincorporatedifrequired.MediaServices,MAF,PrivateBag,Wellington,NewZealand.
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