Generic/ Brand Name Ranitidine (Zantac)

Dosage/ Route Tablets or Capsules: 25, 75, 150 and 300 mg; Syrup: 15 mg/ml; Injection: 1 mg/ml or 25 mg/ml

Classification

Mechanism of Action Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion.

Indication

Contraindication

Adverse Effect

Nursing Responsibilities

Anti-ulcer agents, Histamine H2 antagonists

Treatment and prevention of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach.

Hypersensitivity, Cross-sensitivity may occur; some oral liquids contain alcohol and should be avoided in patients with known intolerance.

CNS: Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache CV: Arrhythmias GI: Altered taste, black tongue, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, drug-induced hepatitis, nausea GU: Decreased sperm count, impotence ENDO: Gynecomastia HEMAT: Agranulocytosis, Aplastic Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia LOCAL: Pain at IM site MISC: Hypersensitivity reactions, vasculitis

Assess patient for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate. Nurse should know that it may cause false-positive results for urine protein; test with sulfosalicylic acid. Inform patient that it may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Inform patient that increas ed fluid and fiber intake may minimize constipation. Advise patient to report onset of black, tarry stools; fever, sore throat; diarrhea; dizziness; rash; confusion; or hallucinations to health care professional promptly. Inform patient that medication may temporarily cause stools and tongue to appear gray black.

Generic/ Brand Name Mefenamic ACid

Dosage/ Route 500 mg

Classification

Mechanism of Action Mefenamic acid binds the prostaglandin synthetase receptors COX1 and COX-2, inhibiting the action of prostaglandin synthetase. As these receptors have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activitydependent plasticity, the symptoms of pain are temporarily reduced. y

Indication

Contraindication

Adverse Effect

Nursing Responsibilities

central nervous system agent; analgesic; nsaid; antipyretic

For relief of mild to moderate pain in patients 14 years of age, when therapy will not exceed one week (7 days). For treatment of primary dysmenorrhea .

Patients in whom aspirin, iodides, or any NSAID has caused allergictype reactions; preexisting renal disease; active ulceration or chronic inflammation of GI tract.

 Cardiovascular Edema; weight gain; CHF; altered BP; palpitations; chest pain; bradycardia; tachycardia. CNS Headache; vertigo; drowsiness; dizziness; insomnia. Dermatologic Rash; urticaria; purpura. EENT Blurred vision; tinnitus; salivation; glossitis. GI Diarrhea; dry mouth; vomiting; abdominal pain; dyspepsia; GI bleeding; nausea; constipation; flatulence. Genitourinary Hematuria; proteinuria; dysuria; renal failure. 

Discontinue drug promptly if diarrhea, dark stools, hematemesis, ecchymoses, epistaxis, or rash occur and do not use again. Contact physician. Notify physician if persistent GI discomfort, sore throat, fever, or malaise occur. Do not drive or engage in potentially hazardous activities until response to drug is known. It may cause dizziness and drowsiness. Monitor blood glucose for loss of glycemic control if diabetic. Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.

Generic/ Brand Name

Dosage/ Route Tablets or Capsules: 25, 75, 150 and 300 mg; Syrup: 15 mg/ml; Injection: 1 mg/ml or 25 mg/ml

Classification

Mechanism of Action Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion.

Indication

Contraindication

Adverse Effect

Nursing Responsibilities

Anti-ulcer agents, Histamine H2 antagonists

Treatment and prevention of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach.

Hypersensitivity, Cross-sensitivity may occur; some oral liquids contain alcohol and should be avoided in patients with known intolerance.

CNS: Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache CV: Arrhythmias GI: Altered taste, black tongue, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, drug-induced hepatitis, nausea GU: Decreased sperm count, impotence ENDO: Gynecomastia HEMAT: Agranulocytosis, Aplastic Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia LOCAL: Pain at IM site MISC: Hypersensitivity reactions, vasculitis

Assess patient for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate. Nurse should know that it may cause false-positive results for urine protein; test with sulfosalicylic acid. Inform patient that it may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Inform patient that increas ed fluid and fiber intake may minimize constipation. Advise patient to report onset of black, tarry stools; fever, sore throat; diarrhea; dizziness; rash; confusion; or hallucinations to health care professional promptly. Inform patient that medication may temporarily cause stools and tongue to appear gray black.