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A good intuition about numbers and their relationships. It develops gradually as a result of exploring numbers, visualizing them in a variety of contexts, and relating them in ways that are not limited by traditional algorithms (Howden, 1989). (Howden,
relationships among numbers, and number systems y Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another y Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates
Principles and Standards for School Mathematics National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2000
sets of objects y Develop understanding of the relative position and magnitude of whole numbers and of ordinal and cardinal numbers and their connections. y Connect number words and numerals to the quantities they represent, using various physical models and representations
y One-to-one correspondence One-toy Stable order rule y Order irrelevance rule y Cardinality rule
y Rote Counting
y Rational Counting
y Spatial Relationships y One and Two More, One and Two Less y Number Benchmarks y Part-part-whole Relationships Part-part-
y Start with very clear, very strong models. y Focus on one number at a time. y Provide maximum guidance at first. y Be accepting of initial efforts. y Gently reduce the amount of guidance. y Reward correct performance. y Review previously-learned material at regular previously-
intervals.