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My Korean 1

Young-A Cho In-Jung Cho Douglas Ling

To our parents

This book and its accompanying audio files are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/au/. This book and its accompanying audio files are available online at http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/korean/klec. Help us improve! Korean.Studies@arts.monash.edu.au

First edition: August 2009 Second edition, First print run: February 2010 Second edition, Online release: July 2010

CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE TEACHER AND THE LEARNER UNIT 1 ? Situation Dialogue 1 Greetings Introducing Yourself Introducing Others +ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is Situation Dialogue 2 Korean Names Addressing People at the Office: Titles Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae Addressing Unknown People at the Shops Situation Dialogue 3 Saying Goodbye Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions ix xiii 1 3 5 7 8 9 13 14 16 18 19 23 24 27 31 32 33 35 39 42 46 49

UNIT 2 Hangeul (Korean Alphabet) Basic Consonants The Pure Vowel Aspirated Consonants Other Pure Vowels () Writing Syllables Tensed Consonants

Pronouncing Final Consonants Combined Vowels Sound Shifts Classroom Expressions 24 Basic Consonants and Vowels (Table) Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Table)

51 53 58 66 69 70 73

UNIT 3 ? Discussing likes and dislikes Situation Dialogue 1 Style of Speech Situation Dialogue 2 Word Order Yes/No Questions Saying Yes and No Vocabulary: Food Situation Dialogue 3 Negative Question Usage Spaces Between Words

75 77 79 80 82 83 84 89 90 91 95

UNIT 4 ? Asking people where they are going Situation Dialogue 1 Vocabulary: Places ()? as a Greeting Situation Dialogue 2 Destination Particle + to Topic Particle +/ Situation Dialogue 3

97 98 99 103 105 108 111

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Coming & Going: , ,

112 115

UNIT 5 ? Talking about your daily routine Talking about what you are doing Situation Dialogue 1 Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings +/, +/, +() Verb Table: Present Tense Endings Casual Question Verb Endings +/? What Situation Dialogue 2 Vocabulary: Time Words Time Particle + in or at or on Location Particle + in or at Situation Dialogue 3 Asking Opinions ()? Adjective (Describing Words) and Their Endings +/, +/, +() Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings Vocabulary: Transitional Words

117 120

122 126 127 131 134 135 137 143 145 147

150 152 155

UNIT 6 ? Talking about the time Making appointments Talking about class timetables Situation Dialogue 1 Spaces Between Words Revisited : Which..?; What kind of ..?; What..?

157 159 160

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Vocabulary: Question Words Vocabulary: Study Words Telling the Time: # oclock : How many..?; What..?; How (old)..? Suggestions 1: + Lets Situation Dialogue 2 + +: from till Suggestions 2: +()? Shall we? Situation Dialogue 3

161 161 162 163 168 171 174 178 183 191

UNIT 7 ? Talking about past events Situation Dialogue 1 Verb and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings Situation Dialogue 2 can not or did not because of inability unintentionally + It's because... Situation Dialogue 3 and + and; and then Three ands: +, + and

193 195 205 208

210 213 216 218 225

UNIT 8 Ordering in a caf or restaurant Situation Dialogue 1 Asking for Something in a Shop Situation Dialogue 2 +() I want; I will Counting Nouns

227 229 235 238 242

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Situation Dialogue 3 Restaurant Related Expressions Pure Korean Numbers Noun +, +(), +/ and

251 255 256 262 265

UNIT 9 ? Asking for and giving prices Asking for a discount Situation Dialogue 1 am/are/is not How much? Sino-Korean Numbers Telling the Time: # minutes Situation Dialogue 2 Rate and Ratio Particle + per Delimiter Particle + only Situation Dialogue 3 Demonstrative Pronouns: (this), (that) , (that over there) and (which) Vocabulary: Colour Terms Vocabulary: Consumer Items

267 270 273 274 286 289 292 293 299 301

302 304 313

UNIT 10 ? Talking about yourself and your family Situation Dialogue 1 Expressing Your Age Addressing Peers at School: Education System in Korea Situation Dialogue 2

315 318 319 320 323

Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments Word Contractions Situation Dialogue 3 Vocabulary: Family Honorific Subject and Topic Particles Possessive Pronouns Vocabulary: Occupations / ? Would you mind telling me ? Sending a Text Message

326 328 331 334 338 340 342 344 350 355

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS APPENDIX Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables Special Conjugation Rules of Verb and Adjective Appendix 1: Copular be Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings Appendix 5: Verbs with +()()?; +()(), +()()?, +()?; +()(), + Appendix 6: Verbs with + ; + Appendix 7: Verbs with +(), +/() & +() () Appendix 8: Verbs with +(), +/() & +() () Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings +/, +/, +() ; +()?; +(); +() Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings vi

374 376 378 380 384 388 392

396 398 400 402

406 414

Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings Appendix 13: Adjectives with +; +() Appendix 14: Adjectives with +()(), +/() & () () Appendix 15: Adjectives with +(), +/() & +() () Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings +/, +/, +() Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes Appendix 18: Korean Editing Symbols and Handwriting Sheet

422 430 434

438

442

446 448

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Preface

This textbook began its life as a personal collection of language activities which complemented the textbook Learning Korean: New Directions 1, (Pilot Edition 1) used in some Australian universities including Monash University where we started teaching Korean in 1992. In 1995, this meagre collection grew into a textbook of its own entitled Lets Speak Korean. The following year the book went through a major change when Douglas Ling, a former student of ours and a lecturer in Film Studies at RMIT University (as a matter of fact, he is happily retired now), started helping us to rephrase the grammar explanations to be more suitable for Australian learners. The book title also changed to Talking to Koreans and we started to build a Korean language learning web site based on the book and kept all the materials on the site open to the public. This open access policy was part of our efforts to promote Korean language in Australia as well as around the world and to help other Korean language educators who strove to provide a better learning environment because of a dearth of Korean language learning materials. During the following years, we kept modifying the book based on students feedback and needs, added more learning materials to the web, as well as making another title change into the current My Korean in 1998. However, in late 2006, we lost a significant amount of our on-line materials when our university introduced a new university-wide content management system. Only the small amount but most important materials, have been migrated into the new system with generous assistance from the Faculty of Arts. This situation was somewhat disastrous, however, it gave us a chance to rethink not only the whole project but also about our approach to teaching, resulting in another major rewrite for the book.

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We have changed all the situation dialogues to make them more authentic. In particular, we have broken away from the conventional method of using mainly polite styles of speech throughout the entire book, because this method tends to create highly unauthentic situations. For example, this method created a very unlikely situation where two close friends used the polite style of speech to each other. Therefore, we have used different styles of speech which are appropriate to each situation, resulting in the use of close friend style of speech in most cases. This style of speech is also more appropriate for our students because they can immediately use it when they talk to one another or when they talk to their Korean friends. Another major change is the use of comics for every situation dialogue to provide more extra-linguistic cues. When we communicate, we use all kind of extra-linguistic cues available to make sense out of each others speech. However, text-only dialogues lack these extra-linguistic cues and make a students job of making sense out of an already foreign language a lot harder. In order to solve this problem, we have used comics alongside the recording of each situation dialogue, turning the dialogue multimodal and as close as to that of a real situation. This multimodal dialogue allows learners make meaning by using a crucial combination of words, graphics and sound. Now, we should like to thank all those who have contributed in different ways to this book: To the Korea Foundation for the 2008 grant which made it possible to include the comics for the situation dialogues and gave us the last push into finishing this book; To Ju Han Lee from Yeundoo Studio in Korea (http://yeundoo.com) for the front cover design and the comics for the situation dialogues, and Lae-Young Lee for her assistance with comic storyboard descriptions; To Hye-Jung Kim for most of the illustrations other than the situation dialogue comics;

To Joel Atkinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Stephen Gartlan and Vicky Ryan for formatting and editing; To Youngsam Moon for providing invaluable information about contemporary Korean expressions used by young people and for various administrative works including organising a recording party and taking part in it himself;

To Jihee Jung, Youngsun Hwang, Seongin Choi, Moon Chung and Seonghwan Ahn for volunteering to do the recording; To all the past and current students for their valuable feedback and insights which they have let us gain through the collaborative exploration of learning the language;

To Jung Sim Kim, Korean studies subject librarian at Monash University for her hard work in building up the great Korean collection which was invaluable in writing this book;

To our colleagues at the School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics at Monash University, in particular, Robert Irving, Bruce Jacobs, Helen Marriott, Gloria Davies and Alison Tokita for their support and encouragement;

And last but not least to our good friends, Lendriani and Nigel Thursfield, Vicky and William Quek, Janet and Jim Murray, and Douglas and Helena Ling for their love and support. Following our open access policy, this book and its accompanying

audio files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License in the hope that this book will make a small contribution to the development of Korean language education throughout the world. As one of Less Commonly Taught Languages, Korean still suffers from a dearth of learning materials. Korean teachers often have to design their courses and develop learning materials that suit their students on top of their normal teaching duties, let alone their fight to keep the Korean program alive. We have met many marvelous teachers xi

over the years and they have been our inspiration. We hope this book will help those teachers in their efforts of creating a better learning environment for their students. To all, many thanks again for your assistance and encouragement. Melbourne 10 July, 2009 Young-A Cho In-Jung Cho

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To the teacher and the learner


This book is primarily written for a Korean language university course for beginners, but it may be used in other settings including self-study. The guidelines, therefore, are focused on teaching or learning in a university setting, but we suggest that all the users of the book read them regardless of whether you are a teacher or a student enrolled in a course or you are using it on your own for independent study. Objectives This book is an introduction to contemporary Korean, with special emphasis on spoken usage for everyday situations. It introduces learners to the Korean alphabet and everyday situations in Korean culture to help them acquire survival Korean. Basic Approach Our experiences of teaching Korean for more than two decades and the results of language learning research tell us that a good foundation of language structures is essential for learners to be successful. This book, therefore, concentrates on giving learners a good working knowledge of the basic structure and grammar of the Korean language with a limited number of vocabulary items that are frequently used in everyday situations. Once they acquire this knowledge, they can expand their vocabulary quite easily on their own as need arises. This approach can also maximise small contact hours (usually four to five hours a week) available in many university settings. Structure of the book This book is organised into ten units and is basically taught one unit per week in one semester. Each unit is composed of three situation dialogues, grammar

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explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and reading. The first two units are essentially about some Korean sounds and the Korean alphabet. Unit One presents usual greetings and introductions through which learners familiarize themselves with the sounds of the Korean language. Unit Two deals with the Korean alphabet and is the only unit without any situation dialogues. Once the students learn the Korean alphabetic symbols and how these are put together to create meaningful sounds, they should be able to improve their skills of reading aloud Korean writing over the course of the rest of the book. Unit Three and Four introduce the basic Korean sentence structure, which is in the order of Subject-Object-Verb, compared to the English order of Subject-Verb-Object. You should not try to understand all of the expressions in the situation dialogues in Unit Three. We have tried to make the situation dialogues as natural as possible and this has resulted in the inclusion of a few expressions that are a bit challenging at this early stage of learning. Unit Five is a crucial one which deals with verb conjugations for the first time. It shows how to attach present tense endings to verb stems, which are one of many to follow. It is, therefore, vital that students fully grasp this grammar point. Unit Six deals with how to make simple suggestions and also introduces pure Korean numbers one to twelve in the form of telling the time. This is done deliberately to prepare the learners for the counting nouns to be introduced in Unit Eight, and also to expose them to the forms of pure Korean numbers one to four used in conjunction with counting nouns before they learn the full forms of these numbers. Unit Seven deals with the past tense verb endings. Once the students learn these, they can virtually talk about the events of all three tenses, that is, past, present and future time because the present tense endings in Korean can be used for many future events as well. Unit Eight and Nine are essentially xiv

about buying things that involves the learning of pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers. Unit Ten presents how to talk about yourself and your family. There are eighteen appendices. Appendices One to Sixteen have verb and adjective conjugation tables. Appendix Seventeen is a list of the particles and suffixes covered in the book. Appendix Eighteen is a list of basic Korean editing symbols and a handwriting sheet, which can be used for writing practice or writing assignments. Situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks As mentioned above, each unit is composed of three situation dialogues, grammar explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and reading. The situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks require some explanation. The situation dialogues are presented in two modes: comics and text-only mode. Comics are used to provide extra-linguistic cues which are normally available when we communicate. The comics and the recording of each situation dialogue provide multimodal language input to help students job of making meaning. There are also some differences in spellings used in the comics and the corresponding text-only dialogue. We use the colloquial version in the comics to show how some words are pronounced differently from their standard spellings. The situation dialogues are also presented in two settings: the Korean setting and the Australian setting. The first setting involves mainly two Korean university students, Minseo Kim and Jihun Park. The second setting revolves around three university students, Minjun Kim, Paul Smith and Hyeonu Lee, who are studying in Australia. The presence of any of these characters will tell you in which setting each dialogue is taking place. The role plays are somewhat mechanical and different from those based on communicative methods. They are to provide a more interesting setting for the practice of speaking and listening. They can, however, be used xv

as a basis for the more communicative nature of role plays by encouraging the students to be more creative and to play with the language. The listening tasks are from our old out-of-print listening book Elementary Task-Centered Listening Comprehension of Korean 1, which was published in 1994 and later changed its title into Korean Through Active Listening 1. The listening book was always used alongside the textbook until it became out of print in early 2008. This development has allowed the incorporation of the listening tasks into the textbook, resulting in the more rounded and user-friendly textbook. We have to admit that the expressions in the listening tasks are not as natural as they should be, but they still provide good input via listening, which is very important in language learning. The listening tasks do not have answer keys. It has only the transcript at the end of the book and the learners are required to find the answers themselves first by listening and then by reading. Romanisation This book has used the Korean government romanisation system.

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Unit Focus: Greetings and Introductions

o Greetings o Introducing Yourself o Introducing Others o +ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is o Korean Names o Addressing People at the Office: Titles o Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae o Addressing Unknown People at the Shops o Saying Goodbye
o Greeting, Thanks and Other Expressions

UNIT 1 ?

UNIT 1 ?

Situation Dialogue 1
Paul, Minseo, Minjun and Jihun are introducing themselves. Kim Minseo: Annyeonghaseyo? Jeoneun Kim Minseoyeyo. Yeonse daehakgyoeseo yeongmunhak jeongonghaeyo. Uri oppayeyo. Kim Minjun: Annyeonghaseyo? Kim Minjunimnida. Hoju Monash daehakgyo gyohwanhaksaengimnida. Je chingu Paulimnida. Paul Smith: Annyeonghaseyo? Paul Smithimnida. Jeodo Monash daehak haksaengimnida. Hangugeohago gyeongjehak gongbuhamnida. Park Jihun: Kim Minseo: Jeoneun minseo namja chingu Park Jihunirago hamnida. (Mineso squints at Jihun.) Namja chingu aniyeyo. Hello, Im inseo Kim. Im majoring in English Literature at Yonsei University. This is my older brother. (Lit. our older brother) Hello, Im Minjun Kim. Im an exchange student from Monash University in Australia. This is my friend, Paul. Hello. Im Paul Smith. Im also a student from Monash University. I study Korean language and economics. Im Minseos boyfriend, Jihun Park. (Mineso squints at Jihun.) Hes not my boyfriend.

The romanization used in this textbook is the official Korean language romanization system in the Republic of Korea.

UNIT 1 ?

Vocabulary
Annyeonghaseyo? Hello; How do you do? jeoneun +yeyo yeonse daehakgyo +eseo yeongmunhak jeongonghaeyo je oppa +ieyo +imnida hoju monaesi daehakgyo jeo I /me +neun topic particle am/are/is {polite} Yonsei University at; in English literature major in my older brother (term used by females) am/are/is {polite} am/are/is {formal} Australia Monash University gyohwan haksaeng chingu jeodo daehak haksaeng hangugeo hago exchange student friend jeo I/me +do also/too university student Korean (language) and; with

gyeongjehak economics gongbu hamnida namja chingu +irago hamnida aniyeyo study{formal} Boyfriend am/is called {formal} am/are/is not

UNIT 1 ?

Greetings
There are three basic ways to greet someone in Korean, depending on what degree of politeness and/or formality the situation requires:

? An-nyeong? ? An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? ? An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?

(Very casual not used among adults)

(Honorific)

(Honorific, formal)

1) Generally, you should use the honorific form: Jack: ? An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? Olivia: ? An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?

2) However, when a student greets a teacher, the formal expression can be used: Student: ,1 ? Seon-saeng-nim, an-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka? Teacher: ? An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?

UNIT 1 ?

3) And when two young people bump into each other on the street, they can just say ? (An-nyeong?). Or they might say: Amanda: Susan,1 ? Susan, eo-di ga-ni? (Susan, are you going somewhere?) Susan: , . Eung, eo-di ga. (Yeah, I am. Lit. I am going somewhere.)

Note 1: The student addresses the teacher by the title (Seon-saengnim), which is respectful. On the other hand, Amanda just addresses her close friend by name. (There will be more on titles later).

UNIT 1 ?

Introducing Yourself
After greeting somebody for the first time, you can say: . Its nice to meet you. Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da. OR . Im pleased to meet you.

Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. And then introduce yourself: Robert . Robert-im-ni-da. Robert . (I) am Robert. (Lit. I am called Robert.) Robert-ra-go ham--ni-da. (I) am Robert.

You may have noticed that the pronoun I is omitted, as is normally the case in Korean sentences where the subject is obvious. When referring to the person you are addressing, the Korean pronoun for you is almost never used: Robert ? Robert-ni? Are (you) Robert? (Casual)

UNIT 1 ?

Introducing Others
When introducing somebody, you can use: () . I-bun-eun Kim Seon-saeng-nim-i-se-yo This (distinguished person) is Mr. Kim. () John . I-tchog-eun John-i-e-yo. This (person) is John. Paul . Je chin-gu Paul-im-n-ida. This is my friend, Paul. Paul . Paul-i-ya. This is Paul. You will notice that the term for this (person) is different in each sentence, and so is the final ending. The term and ending used in the first sentence show a greater level of respect, and are termed honorific. ( literally means this distinguished person, whereas literally means over here.) You can also introduce someone without saying This is in casual speech. The use of different verb endings will be introduced in the next unit. (Casual) (Formal) (Polite) (Honorific)

UNIT 1 ?

+i-e-yo/ye-yo am; are; is


We use ending + (i-e-yo) or + (ye-yo) when we want to say who someone is. In English, you have to change the verb to be depending on who you are talking about. For example I am..., You are..., She is ..., They are.... However, in Korean, the change is dependant on the last letter of the persons name is a vowel or consonant. If the noun ends in a vowel: + (ye-yo) . Jeo-neun Kim Minseo-ye-yo. If it ends in a consonant: + (i-e-yo) . Jeo-neun Kim Minjun-i-e-yo. This structure has the general form A is B (when B is a noun and not an adjective) and is therefore widely used. Note that A must be a noun, pronoun or wh-question word, and B must be a noun and not an adjective. For example, you cannot use this form to say He is stupid. You will study this in more detail further on. The very casual version of + (i-e-yo) or + (ye-yo) is + (i-ya) or + (ya) which follow the exactly same rule explained above. The formal version however has only one form, + (im-ni-da). Noun + i-e-yo/ye-yo Noun + i-ya/ya Noun + im-ni-da (Polite) (Casual) (Formal) I am Minjun Kim. I am Minseo Kim.

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UNIT 1 ?

Task 1: Role Play


Introduce yourself to the other students, using the dialogue below. [ Example Dialogue 1] An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? [Name]-im-in-da How do you do? Im [name].

[ Example Dialogue 2] An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? [Name]-( i)-e-yo How do you do? Im [name].

[ Example Dialogue 3] An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? [Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da How do you do? Im [name].

[ Example Dialogue 4] An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka? [Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da How do you do? Im [name].

UNIT 1 ?

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12

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Situation Dialogue 2
Kim Yeongjun is meeting a businessman, Robert Irving, at the airport. Irving: Annyeonghasimnikka? Robert Irvingimnida. Kim: Annyeonghasimnikka? Kim Yeongjunimnida. . Irving: Mannaseo bangapseumnida. Kim: Cheoeum boepgetseumnida. How do you do? Im Robert Irving. How do you do? Im Kim Yongjun. Its nice to meet you. Its a pleasure to meet you.

Note: When businessmen from different companies meet, they will normally shake hands and exchange name cards ( myeong-ham).

Vocabulary
Annyeonghasimnikka? +imnida. mannaseo bangapseumnida cheoeum boepgetseumnida How do you do? {honorific, formal} am/are/is {formal} [manna meet +seo because] feel delighted {formal} the first time meet (with pleasure) {formal}

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UNIT 1 ?

Korean Names
Korean names consist of a family name followed by a given name. Most Korean given names are comprised of two syllables, though some only have one. The three most common family names in Korea are (Kim), (Yi, often written Lee), and (Park). Together, these three names account for around 45% of the population. Family name groups are divided by patrilineal decent into branches or clans. (There are about 280 such branches of Kim). Until recently, it was illegal for people of the same branch to marry, no matter how distantly related. Branches are usually identified by a place name where the clan is said to have originated, such as Kyeongju Kim. Common Korean family names: Kim Yun Yi Sin Pak Han Choe Hong Cheong Yu Cho Kang Chang Song

Korean given names are typically comprised of Sino-Korean characters, (hanja), traditionally chosen with the help of a fortune-teller. Some parents now give their children names that can only be written in the Korean alphabet, (hangeul).

UNIT 1 ?

15

Below are the top five baby names for boys and girls in 2006, often used in television dramas: (Male) (Female) Minjun Seoyeon Minjae Minseo Jihun Subin Hyeonu Seohyeon Junseo Minji

The following are common names in 1975 and 1945 respectively. Note the female names from 1945 end with ja, equivalent to the ko common in Japanese female names. This reflects the Japanese colonial period, which ended in that year: 1975 (Male) Jeonghun Miyeong Seongho Eunjeong Seonghun Eunju

(Female)

1945

(Male)

Yeongsu Yeongja

Yeongho Jeongja

Yeongsik Sunja

(Female)

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UNIT 1 ?

Addressing People at the Office: Titles


In Korea titles are very important in showing respect to someone with a higher position than you. Therefore, if someone has a title and you know it, you must use it. For example, if someone is a manager, you will call them managernim, even if they are not your manager. You will notice that that these titles have nim at the end of them, which is used to show respect to seniors. Other titles for superiors include: Smith gyo-su-nim Kim sa-jang-nim Examples: (1) . Pak Seon-saeng-nim an-jeu-se-yo. (2) (A police officer addressing a well-dressed older man.) , . Seonsaengnim, jeojjogeuro gasipsio. Sir, please move over there. Mr. Park, please have a seat. Company President Kim Professor Smith

When people have no title and are of equal or lower status than you, you can use their full name + (ssi). For example, if the lowest person in the office is called Yeong-Jun Kim, you would refer to them as Kim Yeong-Jun ssi. It is rude however to use ssi, if you are a junior to the person you are addressing.

UNIT 1 ? ssi should also be used after someones given name where there is equal

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status, but it is offensive to address anyone by their surname and (ssi), such as (Kim ssi), so be careful! It is also not used between people in the same gender, so it is best to avoid this title at this stage!

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UNIT 1 ?

Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae


In Korea, age is very important in establishing the relationship between speakers. Therefore, when you are at university, you will address people in the years above or below you with special titles. The title for someone in a year above you is (seonbae) and (hubae) is used for someone in a lower year level. For example, if you are a 2nd year student, you are the seonbae of a 1st year student and hubae of a 3rd year student. If you are not very close to a person in an older year level, you would add the respectful (nim) to the title, so that they are called seonbae-nim. However, if you are very close to someone in an older year, you may also one of the kinship terms (hyeong, nuna, eonni, oppa ).

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Addressing Unknown People at the Shops


Although shop assistants wear name tags, they will never use their given name to introduce themselves. (You will never have someone say Hi, Please call me Sam to you in Korea, even though this might be appropriate in Australia.) Depending on the shop, the shop assistant will use sonnim (customer) or gogaek-nim (distinguished customer) for you, or sometimes a kinship term. For example, a young clerk at the bank may address a customer with the polite and neutral term seonsaeng-nim (Mr/Ms/Teacher) or gogaek-nim (Dear customer).

In the market, for young girls, they might use eonni, for middle aged women ajumma, and for middle aged men (and maybe younger men too) ajeossi'. Elderly customers are referred to as harabeoji for men and halmeoni for women. If you need to call out to a staff member to attract their attention, the term you use depends on the type of business. If you are at a caf or restaurant, you can use a kinship term, for example to a young female waitress using "eonni" (literally older sister) if you are a female, but usually people don't use any term but simple say "yeogiyo" (literally over here!) to catch their attention. If you are in a shop, you can use kinship terms as described above (i.e. eonni, ajumma, ajeossi, harabeoji, halmeoni, etc.).

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UNIT 1 ?

Task 2: Role Play


Move around the classroom and introduce yourself to the other students, using the dialogue below. Write down your classmates names in Korean if possible. [ Example Dialogue] A: An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? [Name]-im-ni-da Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. B: [Name]-im-in-da Man-na-seo pan-gap-seumnida. How do you do? Im [name]. Im pleased to meet you. Im [name]. Glad to meet you.

ireum (name)

UNIT 1 ?

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Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? . Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da A/. A-i-e-yo/ye-yo . Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. How are you? / How do you do? It's nice to meet you. I'm A. I'm pleased to meet you.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) (first or full name) (ssi) polite neutral title such as Mr. and Ms.

Listen carefully to the following dialogue in which two people are greeting each other. Draw lines connecting pairs of people who are greeting each other. Ready? Listen! 1. Thomas 2. Susan 3. Paul 4. Amanda a. Yeongjin (male) b. Sumi (female) c. Seonyeong (female) d. Minseop (male)

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Situation Dialogue 3
Robert Irving is leaving Korea and saying goodbye to Kim Yeongjun. Irving: Gamsahamnida. Annyeonghi gyesipsio. Kim: Annyeonghi gasipsio. Thank you. Goodbye. Goodbye.

Minjuns sister is seeing him off as he goes to Australia as an exchange student. Minseo: Minjun: Minseo: Minjun: Oppa, jal ga. Jal isseo. Jeonhwahae. Arasseo. Bye, Minjun. (Lit. Bye, older brother) Take care. Call me. Okay.

Vocabulary
gamsahamnida annyeonghi gyesipsio gasipsio oppa jal ga isseo jeonhwahae arasseo thank you safely/in good health stay; be {honorific, formal} go {honorific, formal} older brother (term used by females) well; safely; much go {casual} stay {casual} ring; call {casual} okay {casual}

24

UNIT 1 ?

Saying Goodbye
When saying goodbye to one who is leaving, you can say: . An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo. (Honorific)

. An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-s-io. (Honorific, formal) . Jal ga. (Casual)

When you are saying goodbye to one who is staying, you can say: . An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo. (Honorific)

. An-nyeon-ghi gye-sip-si-o.(Honorific, formal) . Jal iss-eo. (Casual)

Close friends who are young will just say Annyeong in both instances.

UNIT 1 ?

25

Task 4: Role Play


When you leave at the end of the class, say good-bye to your teacher (who is staying) and your classmates (who are leaving).

Task 5: Writing
How should you say goodbye in the following situations? You are student student student student customer waitress son bank teller businessman talking to teacher teacher friend friend pharmacist customer mother customer customer street teachers office street friends home pharmacy restaurant home bank airport Danyeoogetseumnida 1 at so you say Annyeonghi kaseyo.

Note 1: Used when you are leaving home but will be coming back later.

26

UNIT 1 ?

Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT) /. An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo/ga-sip-s-io. /. An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo/gye-sip-s-io. (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) seonsaeng teacher + nim sir/madam Goodbye to one who is staying. Goodbye to one who is leaving.

You are going to hear some dialogue in which two people are saying goodbye to each other. As you know, Korean has different expressions for "Goodbye" depending on whether it is directed to someone leaving or staying. Listen carefully and write down L(eaving) in the box next to the people who are leaving and S(taying) to the people who are staying. Ready? Listen! 1. Thomas Sumi (female)

2. Yeongjin (male)

Susan

3. Paul

(teacher) seonsaengnim

4. Minseop (male)

Amanda

UNIT 1 ?

27

Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions


(1) ? An-nyeong? (Very casual not used among adults) ? (Honorific) An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? ? (Honorific, formal) An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka? . (Casual) Man-na-seo ban-ga-wo . (Formal) Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da . (Formal) Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. . (Formal) O-rae-gan-man-im-ni-da. . O-rae-gan-man-i-e-yo. ? Eo-tteo-ke-ji-nae-se-yo? . Jal-ji-nae-yo. . Geu-jeo-geu-rae-yo. . (Formal) Tto-poep-ge-sseum-ni-da. . Mi-an-ham-ni-da. (Formal) Hi!

(2)

How are you?

(3)

How are you?

(4)

Nice to meet you.

(5)

Pleased to meet you.

(6)

Its a pleasure to meet you. (Lit. First time see you) Its been a long time.

(7)

(8)

Long time no see.

(9)

How are you doing?

(10)

I am fine.

(11)

So-so.

(12)

Hope to see you again.

(13)

Im sorry.

(14)

. (Formal) Neoj-eo-seo mi-an-ham-ni-da.

I am sorry, Im late.

28 (15) . (Formal) Gwaen-chan-sseum-ni-da. . Gwaen-chan-a-yo. . Gam-sa-ham-ni-da. . Go-map-seum-ni-da. . Go-ma-wo. . Mwol-yo. . A-ni-ye-yo. /. Ne/Ye. /. Eung/eo. . Jeo-gi-yo. /. Jam-kkan-man-yo/Jam-si-man-yo. / . A-ni-yo/A-nyo. . A-ni. . Jal ga. (Casual) (Casual) (Casual)

UNIT 1 ? Its all right.

(16)

Its O.K.

(17)

Thank you.

(18)

Thank you.

(19)

Thanks

(20)

Youre welcome.

(21)

Youre welcome. (Lit. It is not.) Yes.

(22)

(23)

Yeah.

(24)

Excuse me.

(25)

Wait a minute, please.

(26)

No.

(27)

Nope./Nah.

(28)

Goodbye (to someone leaving)

UNIT 1 ? (29) . (Honorific) An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo. .(Honorific, formal) An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-si-o. . Jal iss-eo. (Casual) Goodbye (to someone leaving) Goodbye (to someone leaving) Goodbye (to someone staying) Goodbye (to someone staying) Goodbye (to someone staying)

29

(30)

(31)

(32)

. (Honorific) An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo. .(Honorific, formal) An-nyeong-hi gye-sip-si-o.

(33)

30

UNIT 1 ?

Unit Focus: Reading Hangeul Writing Hangeul Sound Shifts Classroom Expressions

32

UNIT 2

Hangeul
We write English by stringing individual letters together. But when using the Korean writing system Hangeul, we have to think in terms of syllables. A simple example is the word Canada - Ca-na-da. In Korean this becomes . Every Korean syllable occupies the same amount of space, no matter how many characters are in the syllable, and are written to fit into a square box. Like English, Hangeul is comprised of consonants and vowels.


kae na da
Camera Ca-me-ra

ka
Peter Pe-ter

me

Ra

pi
Mary Ma-ry

teo

me
Banana Ba-na-na

ri

ba
Radio Ra-di-o

na

na

ra

di

UNIT 2

33

Basic Consonants
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

k/g t/d p/b ch/j s m n r/l h ng

(as in kid or game) (as in tiger or dog) (as in pig or bed) (as in charming or jungle) (as in speech) (as in mother) (as in noise) (as in rain or lily) (as in high) (as in ring) This sound only applies when is the final consonant of a syllable. When the same symbol is used at the start of a syllable it has no sound, and acts as a dummy consonant for syllables that begin with a vowel.

Note: According to the original Hunmin Jeongeum text: depicts the root of the tongue blocking the throat; depicts the outline of the tongue touching the upper palate; depicts the outline of the mouth; depicts the outline of the incisors (the teeth at the front); depicts the outline of the throat. The other symbols were derived by adding strokes to the basic ones.

34

UNIT 2

Practise writing the consonants, paying attention to the stroke order shown below.

Symbol Sound Name g/k n d/t r/l m b/p s/t /ng j/t h/t giyeok nieun digeut rieul mieum biup siot ieung jieut hieut

UNIT 2

35

The Pure Vowel


The vowel is equivalent to the second and last a in Canada. Practise writing the consonants on the left with to form syllables.

36 With these syllables we can now create some Korean words:

UNIT 2

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

ka-na na-ra ta-ri ra-di-o ma-cha pa-da sa-ja ja ha-na

Ghana (African country) country leg; bridge radio carriage ocean lion ruler one

Each word above is made up of syllables containing an initial consonant and a vowel. This is a basic rule - every written Korean syllable must contain an initial consonant and a vowel.

(10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

a-gi a-nae a-rae a-ma a-si-a a-ri-a

baby wife under; below perhaps Asia aria

In this group, there are syllables that begin with the dummy consonant , which has no sound. Remember, there has to be a consonant at the beginning of the syllable!

UNIT 2

37 sa-rang san sa-ram kang chang-ma love mountain person river long rain

(16) (17) (18) (19) (20)

This last group includes syllables that also have a final consonant. These syllables must still fit into the square box even though there is an extra letter. The space occupied by the initial consonant and the vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final consonant.

38

UNIT 2

Task 1: Listen and Write


Listen and fill in the missing first consonant in the space in each box. The first and second ones have been done for you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

....

Ghana river country butterfly leg; bridge radio mask hearts and minds banana ocean person love lion baby Asia ruler oneself; you one (in number) hippopotamus but

UNIT 2

39

Aspirated Consonants
(1) (2) (3) (4)

k t p ch

(as in kite) (as in tank) (as in punk) (as in cheese)

Practise writing these aspirated consonants. Symbol Sound Name k t p ch/t kieuk tieut pieup chieut

To understand what an aspirated consonant is, put your hand in front of your lips while saying kite. You can feel a burst of air. The difference between (an aspirated consonant) and (a simple consonant) is the amount of air you exhale when you make the sound. When you pronounce , the amount of air you expel is quite small. This difference is similar to that between and , and and and .

40 Now make some syllables with :

UNIT 2

Examples:

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

cha cha-pyo ka-deu ka-me-ra ta-ja-gi ta-i-o pa-do pa-ri

tea; car railroad (bus, streetcar) ticket card camera typewriter tire wave Paris

UNIT 2

41

Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants +)

You will practise the Korean consonants with the vowel ''. Draw lines connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready? Listen!

42

UNIT 2

Other Pure Vowels


In English there are five pure vowels: a, e, i, o and u. There are also many combination vowels, like ea in the word wheat, oi in the word noise, and ou in house. The word Canada illustrates a major problem in learning to pronounce English. The same letter, in this case a, can have more than one pronunciation. But happily, in Korean each vowel symbol always represents the same sound. So once youve learnt the symbols, you will always know how to pronounce the correct sound. There are nine pure vowels: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

a ae eo e u i oe

(as in Canada) (as in Canada) (as in computer) (as in bed) (as in book) (as in see) (as in wet)

The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct equivalents in English. (8)

eu

(If you say the cat sat on the mat stressing cat and mat, the sound of the unstressed e in the the is close to this vowel.)

(9)

(This is the hardest to get right. It is somewhere between the o in hope and the or in horde. The sound comes from the front of the mouth with your lips forming a circle.)

UNIT 2 Note 1: All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three basic elements: depicts heaven; depicts earth; and depicts humankind. Mouth position of vowels

43

As you can see from the diagram below, the vowels in Korean depend on how open the mouth is when pronounced and whether the sound is produced from the front of the mouth or the back near the throat. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish between and as they are both pronounced from a similar mouth position with only a very slight difference in the opening of the mouth.

Note 2: It is customary for vowels to be preceded by the dummy consonant when they stand independently: , , , , , , , and .

44

UNIT 2

Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:

Symbol Sound & Name a eo o u eu i ae e oe

UNIT 2

45

Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Vowels)


You will practise some Korean vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready? Listen!

46

UNIT 2

Writing Syllables
As mentioned earlier, every syllable is written to fit into the same imaginary square boxno matter how many characters are in the syllable. How the box is divided up depends first on the shape of the vowel. When you look at the pure vowels, you will see that they have a predominant shape. Thus we can think of them as being vertical: , horizontal: , or combined: . Have a look at how the vowel shapes the syllable: With vertical vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided vertically in half, with the initial consonant on the left and the vowel on the right:


With vertical vowels with an end consonant, the space for the initial consonant and vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final consonant:


With horizontal vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided in half horizontally, with the initial consonant at the top and the vowel at the bottom:


With horizontal vowels with an end consonant, again the end consonant is placed at the bottom. The initial consonant and vowel are pushed upwards:

UNIT 2 Examples:

47

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

lemon bus supermarket

ice cream
album orange juice cassette kangaroo coffee computer taxi tennis television piano pizza hamburger hotel

(10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)

48

UNIT 2

Task 4: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants + Vowels)


You will practise various combinations of Korean consonants and vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 2

49

Tensed Consonants
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

kk tt pp jj ss

(as in sky) (as in stop) (as in spy) (similar to its easy) (as in essence)

A tensed consonant such as sounds like trying to pronounce two at the same time. It requires more effort and you need to tense the muscles around your vocal chords. Now practise writing these consonants: Symbol Sound Name

kk tt pp jj ss

ssang giyeok ssang digeut ssang bieup ssang jieut ssang siot

50 Examples:

UNIT 2

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

tail repeat after me (I am) busy (It is) salty (It is) cheap

UNIT 2

51

Pronouncing Final Consonants


All the consonants except for , and can be final consonants. However, there are only seven final consonant sounds when pronouncing individual syllables. These are called Batchim () and have their own sound: Consonant (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Sound k n t r/ l m p ng Example cinema eye; snow listening foot music cooked rice; meal Singapore

Other final consonants take on one of the above seven end consonant sounds: Consonant (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) Sound k () k () t () t () t () t () t () t () Example kitchen cut down clothes bought daytime flower end the name of Korean letter (16) p () front

52

UNIT 2

Task 5: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonant + Vowel +Consonant)


You will practise Korean letters consisting of 'consonant + vowel + consonant' and belonging to Korean Family names. Draw lines connecting the letters in the sequence that you hear. Have a look at the letters and read them aloud before you begin. The first pair is given as a starting point. Ready? Listen.

UNIT 2

53

Combined Vowels
There are twelve combination vowels: i + a, eo, o, u, ae, e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Examples baseball female chef glass story yes

ya yeo yo yu yae ye

(as in yard) (between yawn and young) (similar to yor- of New York) (as in new) (as in yam) (as in yes)

o + a, ae, i (7) (8)

wa wae

(as in Washington) (as in swam)

sweets why

u + o, e, i (9) (10) (11)

wo we wi

(as in was) (as in wet) (as in weak)

what waiter ear

eu + i (12)

ui

(as in can we if you say it quickly)

doctor

54

UNIT 2

Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke: Symbol Sound & Name ya yeo yo yu yae ye wa wae wo we wi ui

UNIT 2

55

Task 6: Read Street Signs


Read the following street signs. 1. 2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

56

UNIT 2

Task 7: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY: Country Names)

Gabon Nigeria Libya Mali Mauritanie Botswana Sudan Angola Egypt Zambia Kenya

Namibia Niger Madagascar Moroco Mozambique Somalia Algeria Ethiopia Zaire Chad Tanzania

In this task, you will continue to practise the alphabet using the names of African countries. Write down the number of the country that you hear next to the country name on the map below. Have a look at the map and read aloud the country names before you begin. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 2

57

58

UNIT 2

Sound Shifts
1. Resyllabification You will have noticed that some of the consonants are represented by two roman letters, for example :k/g, : t/d and :p/b. When these consonants end an individual syllable, we use the k, t, p set of sounds but the sound is cut off. The same thing can happen in English. Say the words pot, pop, pock very quickly. You will find that you dont actually make the t, p, k sounds at the ends of the words. Your mouth goes to a position to make the sounds but doesnt go through with it. We say that these end consonants are unreleased. While in English you can say these words more clearly and enunciate the end consonants, in Korean these t, k, p end consonants are always unreleased when we say a syllable on its own. But when we run syllables together, the end sound can shift depending on what follows. Again the same thing applies in English. Say the following sentences quickly, and with a bit of a drawl: look over there sit on the chair drop in some time When you say these quickly, you always sound the k, t, and p at the end of look, sit and drop. But the sound can also slide: k to g, t to d and p to b. If you say these consonants in pairs, you will see that the way you use your mouth to make them is very close. So when you talk quickly, it is very easy to slide from one to the other. Another example is the phrase sit down. When you say it quickly, it naturally becomes siddown. It takes more effort to make distinct t and d sounds and you have to talk more slowly.

UNIT 2

59

People generally like to speak quickly, and the sound shift allows that with minimum effort. Look at the Korean word for think: . Saeng-kak-hae-yo. The romanization represents the pronunciation if you say it very slowly, one syllable at a time. Practise these separately and then say them quickly, running them together. You will find that the sounds shift a bit and a smooth and natural pronunciation is saenggakaeyo. For the same reason: is not chaek-i is not meok-eo-yo but but but but chaegi meogeoyo mianhamnida hangeul.

is not mi-an-hap-ni-ta is not han-keul

2. Consonant assimilation The nasal consonants are and . To keep pronunciation easy and flowing some consonants get changed before these two consonants as shown below: Some p-based sounds become m: , sound

Some t, s, ch, and h-based sounds become n: , , , , , , sound

60

UNIT 2

k/g based sounds become ng, like in English singer (not sin-ger) , , sound

Examples Spelling Pronunciation

also has its own assimilation rules. If and come together, the wins (dont say the at all). It means the n BECOMES an l. If comes before an or y sound the sound is doubled. More of an l sound than an r sound. + double (l) sound double (l) sound

+ (, , , , etc.) Examples Spelling

Pronunciation

These changes are made to keep pronunciation economical. Have you ever wondered how Koreans seem to be able to speak so fast?

UNIT 2 3. Tensification

61

The following shows the difference between untensed and tensed consonants in Korean: Untensed Tensed

Sometimes its easier to tense a consonant when its before another strong consonant, rather than assimilating it like we did with the nasal consonants and . Examples Spelling Pronunciation

62 4. Aspiration and weakening

UNIT 2

The h sound is very weak in English as well as Korean. For example, when you pronounce hour it sounds like our. The tends to become silent in casual speech between vowels, after the nasal consonants and , or after the consonant . Examples Spelling Pronunciation

When precedes or follows immediately , , or , it becomes silent but making these soft consonants harder (or aspirated): Softer Harder

Examples Spelling Pronunciation

UNIT 2

63

You dont have to think of these sound shifts as a set of rules that you must learn. If you practise saying the syllables quickly, running them together, the reason for the shifts will become obvious, and eventually altering your pronunciation in this way will become natural. Pronouncing Korean is relatively easy because, apart from these sound shifts, Korean words sound the way they look. As you will be introduced to new words, sentences, and the like, through printed text, it is important that you devote some time to learning Hangeul.

64

UNIT 2

Task 8: Read and Match


Write the capital cities next to the appropriate Australian state or territory underneath. The first one has been done for you. Capital Cities a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

State or Territory

Capital City

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

UNIT 2

65

Task 9: Read and Match


Write the capital cities next to the appropriate country underneath. The first one has been done for you. Capital Cities a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. (Paris) m.

Country 1. 2. / 3. (Germany) 4. 5. (USA) 6. (England) 7.

Capital City

Country 8. 9. (Japan) 10. (China) 11. 12. 13. /

Capital City

66

UNIT 2

Classroom Expressions
(1) . Chaek pyeoseyo. . Jal deureuseyo. . Ttara haseyo. . Ilgeo boseyo . Daedapae boseyo. . Sseo boseyo. ? Algesseoyo? , . Ne, algesseoyo. [] . [Anyo] jal moreugenneundeyo. Open your book.

(2)

Listen carefully.

(3)

Repeat after me.

(4)

Please read.

(5)

Answer (the question).

(6)

Please write it.

(7)

Do you understand?

(8)

Yes, I understand.

(9)

No, I dont really understand Do you have any questions?

(10) ? Jilmun isseoyo? (11) , . Ne, inneundeyo. (12) [] . [Jilmun] eomneundeyo

Yes, I have (a question).

I dont have (any questions).

(13) [] . Please speak/say it slowly. Cheoncheonhi [malsseum]hae juseyo.

UNIT 2 (14) . Ijeobeoryeonneundeyo. (15) Test ? Test hangugeoro mwoyeyo? (16) . Siheomirago haeyo. (17) . Hangungmallo haseyo. (18) . Dasi hanbeon hae boseyo (19) . Majasseoyo. (20) . Teullyeonneundeyo. (21) . Oneureun iman hagesseoyo. Ive forgotten.

67

How do you say test in Korean? You say siheom.

Please speak/say it in Korean.

Try it again.

Thats correct.

Thats not right.

Well stop here today.

68

UNIT 2

UNIT 2

69

24 Basic Consonants and Vowels


a g n d r m b s
/ng

ya

eo

yeo

yo

yu

eu

j ch k t p h

70

UNIT 2

Expanded Consonants and Vowels


a g kk n d tt r m b pp s ss
/ng

ae

ya

yae

eo

yeo

ye

wa

j jj ch k t p h

UNIT 2

71

Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Continued)


wae g kk n d tt r m b pp s ss
/ng

oe

yo

wo

we

wi

yu

eu

ui

j jj ch k t p h

72

UNIT 2

3
?

Unit Focus: Discussing Likes and Dislikes

o Style of Speech o Word Order o Yes/No Questions o Saying Yes and No o Vocabulary: Food o Negative Question Usage o Spaces Between Words

74

UNIT 3 ?

UNIT 3 ?

75

Situation Dialogue 1
Minjuns Korean friend Hyeonu is picking him up at Melbourne airport. : : , . , . , . ? : , . , ? : : : . . , .

Romanisation and Translation


Hyeonu: Minjun: Minjuna, yeogiya. Eo, geurae. Ya, oraenmanida. Jal jinaesseo? Hyeonu: Geureom, jal jinaeji. Geunde, neo an pigonhae? Minjun: Hyeonu: Minjun: Gwaenchana. Gabang jwo. Anya, an mugeowo. Hey Minjun, over here! Oh, right. Hey, its been a while. How ya been? Oh, alright. Hey arent you tired? (Lit. By the way, arent you tired?) Im fine. Give us your bag. (Lit. Give me the bag.) No, its not heavy.

76

UNIT 3 ?

Vocabulary
+ casual ending for addressing a person with their first name. + is used when the persons name ends in a consonant (eg. ) and+ is used for a vowel (eg. ). here oh; yeah indeed

long time no see. been well yes; in that case been well; am well by the way; but you not tired okay bag give no/nah heavy

Note: At this stage you do not need to understand all the grammar presented in the situation dialogues. It will be helpful to memorise expressions even though you may not understand how they are constructed.

UNIT 3 ?

77

Style of Speech
You have seen that Korean has different styles of speech depending on the relationship between the speakers. The four most commonly used are: 1) ? 2) ? 3) ? 4) ? (Honorific, formal) (Honorific) (Polite) (Casual)

Styles (1) and (2) are honorific and are used when you need to be polite. Style (1) is also formal. Style (4) is used among close friends or when you speak to younger family members. Style (3) is polite and informal. This is used when you talk informally to people you dont know well who are of similar status to you. It is also used when you speak to people you feel close to, if they are a bit older than you and their social status is higher than yours. Korean verbs consist of a stem which carries the basic meaning - (like), and an ending such as + as in (1), + as in (2), and so on, which carries a grammatical function (past, present, or future, statement, question, or request, politeness, etc.).

78

UNIT 3 ?

UNIT 3 ?

79

Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu is showing Minjun around Melbourne and it is about lunch time. : : : : : ? ... . ? ? . , .

Romanisation and Translation


Hyeonu: Bae an gopa? You hungry? (Lit. Arent you hungry) Minjun: Hyeonu: Eo... yakgan. Jeomsim mwo meogeullae? Pija joahae? Minjun: Hyeonu: Pija Geureom. Geureom, uri pija meokja. Yeah, a bit. Whaddaya want for lunch? Pizza ok? Pizza? Alright. Pizza it is then. (Lit. Then lets eat pizza.)

Vocabulary
? hungry not yeah; oh a little yes; in that case lunch What will you eat? what pizza like of course we lets eat

80

UNIT 3 ?

Word Order
Language has a structure. Look at the examples below: a) I
(Subject)

like
(Verb)

pizza.
(Object)

b)

I
(Subject)

pizza
(Object)

like.
(Verb)

The obvious difference between them is the order of the words. Why dont people say sentence (b)? English sentences follow a basic Subject-VerbObject pattern as in (a). The Korean pattern is Subject-Object-Verb as in (b). The verb always comes at the end of the sentence. Here are the Korean counterparts of I, like, and pizza: I like pizza.

Now, lets say I like pizza in Korean. (subject) comes first, and then (object) second, and (verb) last. Therefore, I like pizza in Korean is: 1) I pizza . like

UNIT 3 ? You may think you have learnt only one sentence, . However, if we replace with (Robert), (coffee) or

81

(ice cream) - just a few of the words you have learnt so far - you can already make lots of Korean sentences: 2) . 3) . 4) . Before we go on any further, we have to learn one more thing about the above sentence pattern. When we talk about ourselves, we usually add a topic particle to (I) or (we). Therefore, sentences (1) - (4) could be changed as follows: 5)

82

UNIT 3 ?

Yes/No Questions
In the previous section we learnt how to make a simple statement such as . Turning this into a question is quite simple. You just say ? with a rising intonation. So if a sentence has a rising intonation at the end, it becomes a question: a) ? (Do you) like pizza?

And if it has a falling intonation, it becomes a statement: b) . I like pizza.

You may be asking what has happened to the pronoun you in the question form. As mentioned in Unit 1 Introducing Yourself, the equivalent Korean pronouns of I, you, he/she, it and they are normally omitted when it is obvious in context to whom or what you are referring. In particular, the Korean pronoun for you is hardly ever used, unless the speakers are very close. To use it in any other situation is very insulting. The most common strategy when you are addressing someone is either to omit a subject altogether, or to use the persons name instead. For example: (1) () ? (Do you) like pizza? (Casual)

(2) , ?

Robert, do you like pizza?

(Casual)

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83

Saying Yes and No


Now, lets learn how to say yes or no to the above question. Casual Yes No or Polite

If you like pizza, you can just say (yes), or say and repeat the verb as in the dialogue below. In English, we can add I do as in Yes, I do. But in Korean, simply repeat the verb. (1) Friend 1: Friend 2: ? , . Do you like pizza? Yes, I do.

If you dont like pizza, you can just say (no) to your friend. You can also add the verb, but in this case you have to use the negative of the verb (just as in English you say no, I dont) which you can form by putting the negative word right before the verb as in the dialogue below. (2) Friend 1: Friend 2: ? , . Do you like pizza? No, I dont.

However, it sounds too direct, so an indirect reply is often used, as in the dialogue below. (3) Friend 1: Friend 2: ? Do you like pizza? Not really. (Lit. Not particularly).

In Korean, it is considered impolite to say no directly. Instead, you would normally give an excuse or reason without actually saying (no). For example, if someone asked you if you had a spare moment to lend them a hand, you might reply with ( I am a little bit busy).

84

UNIT 3 ?

Vocabulary: Food
(Fruit) apple orange grape pear tomato strawberry watermelon grapefruit peach persimmon

(Vegetables) potato mushroom carrot corn Korean cabbage (wombok) cabbage cucumber onion white radish spring onion

(Beverages) cola black tea milk orange juice coffee tea water ginseng tea barley tea soft drinks green tea beer brandy whisky

UNIT 3 ? / (Meat/Seafood) fish crab chicken beef lamb/mutton pork

85

(Other) cheese bread cake chocolate sandwich / biscuit doughnut rice cooked rice; meal egg

86

UNIT 3 ?

? What are Koreans favourite foods?


Food Response 22.7 % 17.5 % 16.2 % 8.2 % 5.4 %

? What are Koreans favourite drinks?


Drink (Soft Drinks) (Energy Drinks) (Sports Drinks) Response 65.7 % 29.5 % 21.2 % 17.7 % 13.5 % 9.7 % 8.6 % 6.6 % 6.2 %

UNIT 3 ?

87

Task 1: Word Check


Select the odd one out in each row of words below. The first one has been done for you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

Task 2: Word Check


Match the list of items with where you can buy them. The first one is done for you.

(fruit shop): (vegetable shop): (bakery): (butcher):

88

UNIT 3 ?

UNIT 3 ?

89

Situation Dialogue 3
Hyeonu and Minjun go to a pizza shop. : .

Minjun sees Hyeonu eating an olive. : : : ? , ? ? . .

Romanisation and Translation


Hyeonu: Deureogaja. Lets go in here.

(Minjun sees Hyeonu eating an olive.) Minjun: Hyeonu: Neo ollibeu joahae? You like olives?

Eung, wae? Neon sireo? Yep, why? Dont you like em? (Lit. You dislike them?)

Minjun:

Eo. Nan byeolloya.

Nah. (Lit. Yeah) Not really. (Lit. I dont particularly.)

Vocabulary
Lets go in. you olive(s) like yeah/yep why [+] [+] you dislike yeah; oh I not really

90

UNIT 3 ?

Negative Question Usage


When asking questions in Korean, people use the negative form very often. For example, in Situation Dialogue 2, ? (Are you not hungry?) is used where in English we would ask Are you hungry? ( ?). When this is used, you should think of the question as if it were not in the negative form. Negative questions are used often because they are indirect and therefore less intimidating. Using the negative form often will make your Korean sound more natural. Another aspect of negative questions that can be very confusing to non-native speakers of Korean is that when answering, the opposite occurs from what happens in English. If in English someone asks you Arent you hungry? you can respond by saying No, Im not hungry but in Korean you would have to reply with Yes, Im not hungry (, ) because you are agreeing with the negation, i.e. agreeing that you are indeed not hungry. On the other hand, if you are hungry then you can reply with No, Im hungry (, ) which may sound very strange in English, but it is a correct and natural way to respond in Korean. A good strategy for avoiding the yes/no problem is to just answer the question with a straight statement. For example, (Im hungry).

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91

Spaces Between Words


As in English, there are spaces between words in Korean sentences. The difference is, postpositional words (what are prepositions in English) and sentence endings in Korean are attached to the end of the word, without a space in between. Therefore when we type or write Korean we need to leave a space after words unless they have a postposition or sentence ending attached: (1) (2) (3) . . . I like pizza. Ilikepizza. I l i k e p i z z a.

As you can see above, sentences are harder to read with no spaces between the words. The spacing is made more obvious on the hand writing sheet shown below.

92

UNIT 3 ?

Task 3: ?
Move around the classroom asking your classmates if they like the foods below. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: A: B: ? , [ . ] ? [ . ]

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

UNIT 3 ?

93

Task 4: Writing
You are being asked about what foods you like and dislike. Write your answers to the following questions according to the preferences provided below. Use the examples 1, 2 and 7 as a model. You like a lot: apple, coffee, beef. You like: pear, pork, milk, lamb, wine. You dont like much: fish, beer.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5. ? 6. ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. ? 10. ?

, . .

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UNIT 3 ?

Task 5: Listening
(EXPONENT) A ? , (A) . , (A) . Do you like A? Yes, I like (A). No, I don't like (A).

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) child like pizza hamburger yes not very much no then spaghetti

Korean beef barbecue

Kimchi(pickled Korean cabbage) Korean version of Hokkiean mee noodle

You will hear a teacher asking what sort of food Korean children like these days. Put a mark 'O' next to the food they like and a mark 'X' next to the food they do not like. Ready? Listen! 1 2 3

4
?

Unit Focus: Asking People Where They Are Going

o Vocabulary: Places o ()? as a Greeting o Destination Particle + to o Topic Particle +/ o Coming & Going: , ,

96

UNIT 4 ?

UNIT 4 ?

97

Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Mineo are on campus at university. : : : : , ? . , ? . . , .

Romanisation and Translation


Jihun: Minjun: Jihun: Minseoya, eodi ga? Doseogwan. A, geurae? Nadonde. Gachi gaja. Minjun: Geurae, geureom. Hey, Minseo, where ya going? Library. Oh yeah? Me too. Ill come with you. (Lit. Lets go together.) Yeah, alright.

Vocabulary
/ casual ending for addressing a person with their first name where [ go+(casual present tense ending)] go library [ me +/ too+(casual soft ending)] me, too. ( is often pronounced as so in comics is used to show the casual nature of the conversation.) together ( is pronounced ga-chi, not ga-ti.) [ go + lets] lets go

98

UNIT 4 ?

Vocabulary: Places
home school bank restaurant post office shop airport toilet coffee shop theatre; cinema pharmacy convenience store hairdressers public bathhouse kareoke room +PC + DVD + meeting (formal) class () library hospital the city market bookshop supermarket department store office

/ pub PC / meeting / date mart cinema park barbers public sauna video room Internet cafe

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99

()? as a Greeting
In Australian English we often say How are you going as a greeting, but its not a very serious question and a simple good or not bad is enough to reply politely, even if youve had a really bad day. Similarly, Koreans use ? (Are you going somewhere?) as a greeting. You dont need to give a specific answer and can just say , ... (Yeah, just somewhere...)

? ? ?

(Casual) (Polite) (Honorific)

Note that the intonation pattern changes for depending on whether you are using it as where? or somewhere as shown in the diagram below:

Where are you going?

Are you going somewhere?

When we use ? as Where are you going?, the intonation of the last syllable rises slightly and then falls. On the other hand, when we use ? as Are you going somewhere?, the intonation of the last syllable rises steeply.

100

UNIT 4 ?

If you cant differentiate between these two questions, the best strategy is to just reply ... (Just somewhere...) because someone who is not very close to you will not ask Where are you going? in Korean.

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101

Task 1: Role Play


Choose 3-5 places that you would like to go from the locations given below. Write them down in Korean beside the place where you are going. Talk about them with a partner using the following dialogue as an example. [ Example Dialogue] A: [ name ], ? B: [ place ].

A: , ? /. . B: , .

home school bank restaurant post office shop airport toilet coffee shop theatre; cinema pharmacy kareoke room convenience store meeting (formal)

library hospital the city market bookshop supermarket department store office pub mart cinema video room class meeting / date

102

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UNIT 4 ?

103

Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a bus stop near university. : : : : : : : , ? . , ? ? . . .

Romanisation and Translation


Jihun: Minseo: Jihun: Minseo: Jihun: Minseo: Jihun: Minseoya, eodi ga? Gangnamyeoge. A, geurae? Neon? Nan jibe ga. Jal ga. Neodo. Hey Minseo, where ya going? Gangnam station. Yeah? (Lit. Oh, is that so?) You? Going home. See ya. (Lit. Go well.) Bye. (Lit. You too.)

Vocabulary
+ where [ go+(casual present tense ending)] go Gangnam station: major Seoul subway station to [ you +(topic particle)] you [ I +(topic particle)] I [ well/carefully/properly/a lot go] goodbye [ you +/ too ] you too.

104

UNIT 4 ?

Note: In Korean, Where are you going? is not always answered with the location of the place youre going to, but sometimes also the purpose. For example, instead of saying to the pool, when someone asks where you are going, you might just say to swim: A: ? B: . (Instead of ) Where are you going? To swim.

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105

Destination Particle + to
When you want to say that you are going somewhere, you can use:

Place + Place +

(Casual) (Polite)

+ is equivalent to the English to. However, in English the to in Im going to school comes before the place school. In Korean, + is added at the end of the place word. Since + is a postposition, there is no space between it and the place word, as explained previously. (See Spaces Between Words in Unit 3.): (1) . Im going to school.

(2) A: ? B: . (3) A: ()1 ? B: () .

Where are you going? Im going home.

Where are you going? Im going to school.

Note 1: + is also different from the English to in that it can be omitted in colloquial speech as long as the context does not make the meaning less clear. However, + cannot be omitted when the word to which + is attached consists of a single syllable, for example: , , , and so on.

106

UNIT 4 ?

Task 2: Role Play


Suppose that you are on the way to one of the places below. (Write down the place you are going in Korean beside the English.) Now, go around the classroom and ask your classmates where they are going, using the example dialogue below. Write their names beside the places where they are going. When you are asked, reply that you are going to the place you selected. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: A: B: A: B: A: [ name ], ? [ place ]. , ? ? [ place ] . . /.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

home school bank restaurant post office shop airport toilet coffee shop

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

library hospital city market bookshop supermarket department store office pub mart cinema

10. theatre 11. pharmacy

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107

Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? A(place) . Verb stem + / Where are you going? I'm going to A. Let's (verb)

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) + school restaurant home toilet also bank post office shop coffee shop together

Listen carefully to the following dialogue and draw lines connecting people with the places where they are going. Ready? Listen! 1. (Thomas) 2. (Susan) 3. (Paul) 4. (Amanda) 5. (female) 6. (male) 7. (male) 8. (female) a. school b. restaurant c. post office d. home e. rest room f. shop g. bank h. coffee shop

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UNIT 4 ?

Topic Particle +/
When the topic particle +/ is added to a noun, its general meaning is like the English as for (noun) or with regard to (noun). +/ can be used in many ways. In this section we will use it to describe what one person (or one subject) is doing in contrast to another. Rules: If the noun ends in a vowel, add +. + + (writing) or (speaking)

If the noun ends in a consonant, add +. +

Examples: (1) . . Paul is studying Korean. I am studying sociology.

(2)

. .

Paul likes sandwiches. But Sumi doesnt.

(3)

. .

Paul is an Australian. Sumi is a Korean.

(4)

. .

Paul is going to the bookshop. Sumi is going to the bank.

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109

110

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UNIT 4 ?

111

Situation Dialogue 3
Paul sees Hyeonu on campus. : : : : , ? ! . ? . ? !

Romanisation and Translation


Paul: Hyeonu: Hyeonuya, eodi ganya? Poriguna! Suyeongjange ga. Neon? Paul: Hyeonu: Hangugeo sueop. Geurae? Yeolsimhi hae! Hey Hyeonu, where ya goin? Oh, its you, Paul! Im goin to the swimming pool. You? Korean class. Yeah? Dont work too hard! (Lit. Work hard!)

Vocabulary
? ? ! [ go +(very casual question ending often used among boys)] [ go +(very casual question ending often used among girls)] [ am/are/is +(verb ending indicating surprise; an exclamation)] [ swimming place] swimming pool [ Korean language] the Korean language class (the time spent being taught, not a group of students) hard as in working hard do (refers to something mentioned earlier)

112

UNIT 4 ?

Coming & Going , ,


In Korean the words (come), (go), and (go to and from regularly) are used differently from their English equivalents. If you meet some classmates in the street and they ask where you are going, you reply (I am going home). However if speaking on the phone to someone who is at home, a Korean will say (I am going home), whereas in English you would say, I am coming home now. This is because in Korean the use of and depends on your location (the speakers location), rather than the location of the person to whom you are speaking. Finally, in English we might ask, Which university do you go to? However, in Korean this would be, ? The verb is used when you go somewhere on a regular basis. It implies a process of going to and from that place repeatedly. So if someone asks you ? (Which hospital do you go to?), you must be a doctor or nurse - or very sick! The sentence ? (Which hospital are you going to?) is used to refer to a single trip. It implies that at present you are on your way to the hospital.

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Task 4: Word Check


Write down the Korean words next to the English equivalent. The first one is done for you. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

shop school bank restaurant post office home toilet coffee shop cinema

10. pharmacy 11. library 12. hospital 13. market 14. bookshop 15. supermarket 16. department store 17. airport 18. theatre

114

UNIT 4 ?

Task 5: Writing
Here is a list of items you need to find. Underneath is a list of useful telephone numbers from a Korean community information booklet. Write down where you can obtain the items. The first one is done for you. Item 1. (dictionary) 2. 3. (Korean pickled cabbage) 4. 5. 6. 7. (Korean BBQ dish) 8. (stamp) 9. (newspaper) 10. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 9405-2230 4432-1110 8623-2743 3464-1336 2393-2010 h. i. j. k. l. 88 2327-3479 3457-5531 2348-8624 3469-1128 8862-7736 Place where you can obtain it or

3437-2766 9815-4340

m. 8905-9230 n. 2326-3092

5
?

Unit Focus: Talking About What You Are Doing Talking About Your Daily Routine

o Verbs (Doing Words) and their Endings o what o Vocabulary: Time Words o Time Particle + in, at or on o Location Particle + in or at o Asking Opinions ()? How is ? o Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings o Vocabulary: Transitional Words

116

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117

Situation Dialogue 1
Minseo is at the library when she receives a call from Jihun. : : : : : ? . , ? . . . , . .

Romanisation and Translation


Jihun: Minseo: Jigeum mwo hanya? Ripoteu sseo. Geunde, wae? Jihun: Minseo: Geunyang. Na bappa. Ppalli malhae. Whatcha doin? Writing an assignment. Why? (Lit. Anyway/but, why?) No reason. Im busy. Just say it. (Lit. Quickly say it.) Jihun: Anya, geunyang. Ripoteu majeo hae. Nah, I was just asking. Finish the assignment. (Lit. do the rest of the assignment).

Vocabulary
now

? [ what do +?(very casual question ending often used among boys)] Whatcha doin? report (often pronounced as ) [ write+(casual present tense ending)] write by the way; but

118 why no reason

UNIT 5 ?

[ busy+(casual present tense ending)] busy quickly [ speak (casual present tense form)] say; speak nah [ rest of + do] finish

UNIT 5 ?

119

120

UNIT 5 ?

Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings +/, +/, +()


In unit three you have learned the different styles of speech used in Korean depending on the relationship between speakers. Here we will focus on three types: 1) casual form, 2) polite form, and 3) honorific form. Verb Stem Verb Stem Verb Stem +/ +/ +() (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific)

Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in I study or she studies. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at present, as in I am studying at the moment (as well as I am studying at Monash University this year). 1) Casual form If the last vowel of the stem is () or (): + + + live/lives/is living, etc go/goes/ is going, etc ( already has and no final consonant, so you dont need to add ) If the last vowel is not () or (): + + + + eat/eats/is eating, etc read/reads/is reading, etc write/writes/is writing, etc (When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped.) When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into

UNIT 5 ? one syllable: + + come/comes/is coming, etc give/gives/is giving, etc

121

If the stem ends in : do/does/am doing, etc. study/studies/am studying, etc. talk/talks/am talking, etc.

This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. Dont worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at this stage is to memorize both stem and ending together. 2) Polite form Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you add at the end. + + live/lives/is living, etc eat/eats/is eating, etc

+ +

3) Honorific form There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or vowel. If the verb stem ends in a vowel: + + go/goes/ is going, etc

If the verb stem ends in a consonant: + + sit/sits/is sitting, etc

Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms for a range of verbs.

122

UNIT 5 ?

Verb Table: Present Tense Endings


English borrow (books) buy (shoes) clean (house) dance dislike draw (drawing) drink (juice) do (homework) eat (an apple) get married give have (money) not have (time) kiss like listen to (music) love make (phone call) Stem () () () () () () () () () () () + (+) + + + + + + + + Casual Form Ending +/ () () () () () () () () () () () *

UNIT 5 ?

123

Polite Form +/ () () () () () () () () () () () *

Honorific Form +() () () () () () () * () () * () ()

Question Ending Question Ending +? +? () ? () ? () ? () ? ? () ? () ? ()? () ? ? ? () ? () ? ? ? () ? () ? () ? () ? ? () ? () ? ()? () ? ? ? () ? () ? ? ? () ? ? ?

() * () ? ? ?

124 English meet (friend) play tennis put on (clothes) read (book) rest ride (bike) shop sing sleep smoke (cigarettes) study take a photo text a message wait for (bus) watch (television) write (letter) withdraw (money) work Stem () () () () () () () () () ()

UNIT 5 ? Casual Form Ending +/ (+) + + + + (+) (+) + + (+) + + drop + + () () () () () () () () () * ()

UNIT 5 ? Polite Form +/ () () () () () () () () () () Honorific Form +() () () () () () () () () () () Question Ending +? () ? ? () ? () ? ? () ? ? ? () ? () ? ? ? ? () ? () ? () ? () ? ?

125 Question Ending +? () ? ? () ? () ? ? () ? ? ? () ? () ? ? ? ? () ? () ? () ? () ? ?

126

UNIT 5 ?

Casual Question Verb Endings +?/+?


The verb forms you studied previously in this unit can also be used for making questions. However, in casual form the following is an alternative question style: Verb Stem Verb Stem +? +? (less blunt) (more blunt)

The +? ending is more blunt and tends to be used more by males and the less blunt +? form is used more by females. The rule for constructing these forms is quite simple: Verb Stem +?/+? as shown in the verb table in the previous pages. Examples: (1) ? ? (2) ? ? (3) ? ? (4) ? ? Are you texting (on the mobile phone)? Are you having lunch? Are you going home? Are you listing to music?

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127

what
Asking questions such as What do you like? or What are you doing now? is very simple in Korean. The counterpart of what is . But you have to remember that in Korean the pronoun you is usually omitted when it is obvious who you are referring to. Therefore, we just put ? after as follows: (1) ? (2) ? (3) ? (4) ? (5) ? What do you like? What do you like? What do you like? What do you like? What do you like? (Casual) (Casual) (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific)

You can ask What are you doing now? in the same way. The counterpart of are doing in Korean is . But to be polite to your classmates well use .

(6) ?

What are you doing?

If we add (now) to the beginning of the sentence it becomes:

(7) A: ?

What are you doing now?

B: . Im not doing anything.

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UNIT 5 ?

Task 1: Role Play


Choose one of the following activities. Now, go around the classroom and practise the dialogue with your classmates. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: A: ? [ . ] , ? .

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? (Something) Verb stem + /. Noun + . What are you doing now? I'm (verb)ing (something). I'm doing Noun .

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) study eat read drink meet dance song friend juice music telephone listen sleep put on sing see or watch television clothes book apple

You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. 7. 2. 8. 3. 9. 4. 10. 5. 11. 6. 12.

130

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131

Situation Dialogue 2
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about plans for the coming Saturday. : : : : : : ? ?1 . ? 2 . ? .

Romanisation and Translation


Minjun: Ibeon toyoire mwo hae? What are you up to this Saturday? Saturday? Im working (my casual job) on Saturday. Minjun: Museun alba? What job? Waiter in a restaurant. (Lit. Waiting tables in a restaurant.) Minjun: Geureom iryoireun? What about Sunday then? No plans yet.

Hyeonu: Toyoil? Toyoiren albahae.

Hyeonu: Sikdangeseo seobing.

Hyeonu: Ajik gyehoek eopseo.

Vocabulary
+ this Saturday on what [ do(casual present tense form)] do; are doing

132 + [+ on/at/to +(emphasis)]

UNIT 5 ?

[ do casual work (casual present tense form)] doing casual work

what (kind of) restaurant in; at waiting tables (serving) well then Sunday yet; still plan [ there isnt; not have +(casual present tense ending)] there isnt any; do not have any

Note 1: Echo questions, like ? in the dialogue above, are frequently used to confirm what someone else has just said and show that you are listening. They support the conversation and show your active interest. Note 2:

is used in front of the noun that you are asking about and means what (movie)?, what kind of (person)?, which (colour)?. You need to be very careful not to use (what) in these cases because what and what something in Korean are different.

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133

However, instead of Noun?, you can also use the form Noun ? for the same effect as shown in the dialogue below:

A: ? B: . A: ? (instead of ?) B: .

What are you up to this Saturday? Im working (my casual job). What job?

Waiter in a restaurant.

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UNIT 5 ?

Vocabulary: Time Words ()


am pm

morning

midday

evening

night

weekdays

weekend

weekday workday

public holiday

last week

this week

next week

last semester

this semester

next semester

/ last year

/ this year

/ next year

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

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135

Time Particle + in, at or on


When you want to indicate that something has happened at a particular time, you attach the particle + to a time word.

Time Word +
(1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . I go to school in the morning. I go to a swimming pool in the afternoon. Im coming home at 8 oclock. Im going to Sydney at the weekend.

However, there are a few time words that are used without +: (today) (yesterday) (tomorrow) (now) (this year)

(5) (6) .

Im going to a cinema tomorrow. Im a bit busy at the moment.

When two or more time words are used together, the time particle + is attached to the last one only: (7) . (8) . I go to school at 8 oclock in the morning. (You would not say ) I am going to school at 7 oclock tomorrow morning.

136

UNIT 5 ?

Task 3: Writing
Write your answers to the following questions according to the information below. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been done for you. morning: go to university, play tennis, swim, drink coffee, eat breakfast afternoon: come home, listen to music, drink tea evening: read the newspaper, study Korean, night: watch TV, write a letter, go to a night club weekend: clean the house, do shopping, meet a friend, go to the cinema 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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137

Location Particle + in or at
+ is used to indicate where an activity takes place. It is equivalent to the English in or at when used in relation to an activity. This is a distinction that English does not make, so try to remember that when an activity is involved, use +, not +.

Location +
Examples: (1) . I am buying a pair of trousers in the department store. (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) . (6) . (7) . I am studying Korean at Monash University. Im withdrawing money at a bank. Im buying a book at a bookshop. Im working at the office. I am borrowing a book at the library. I am having lunch at a restaurant.

138

UNIT 5 ?

Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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139

Task 5: Role Play


Choose two of the activities below that you usually do on the weekend. Move around the classroom and discuss your weekend activities with your classmates. [ Example Dialogue] A: (usually) ? B: [ . ] [ . ] ?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

140

UNIT 5 ?

Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures. 1. : : (usually) ? . . ? : . .

2. :

: . . ? : . .

UNIT 5 ? 3. : ?

141

. .

4.

? . .

142

UNIT 5 ?

UNIT 5 ?

143

Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is. : : : . ? . . ? ? ? : . . : : ? .

Romanisation and Translation


Minjun: Hangugeo jal haneunde. Nuguya? Hyeonu: His Koreans good. Who is e?

Poriya. Narang gyeongjehak Paul. Hes in my economics class gachi deureo. (Lit. with me). Yeah? Hows the class? Is it hard? (Lit. Is it not hard?) Its hard. Lots of tests too. What about the homework? No homework.

Minjun:

Geurae? Gyeongjehak sueop eottae? An himdeureo?

Hyeonu:

Himdeureo. Teseuteudo mana.

Minjun: Hyeonu:

Gwajeneun? Gwajeneun eopseo.

Vocabulary
Korean language good at (Lit. do well)

144 + + who

UNIT 5 ?

+/ is the casual form of +/(am/are/is). I; me with; +() economics together [ listen to+(casual present tense ending)] take (a class) yeah? class What is it like? not [ hard+(casual present tense ending)] hard (hard work) test too [ ample+(casual present tense ending)] there are lots of; have lots of homework [ there isnt; not have +(casual present tense ending)] there isnt any; do not have any

? ? +

UNIT 5 ?

145

Asking Opinions ()? How is ?


Noun Noun Noun ? ? ? (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific)

When you want to ask an opinion about something (the topic), you can say ? (How is ...?) as in Hows the class? (or What is like? as in What is Korean food like?). The answer will be like It (the class) is hard. In English, question words like what, when, where, who, why, how appear at the beginning of the sentence, but Korean sentence order is the same as the answer, which means the topic comes first whether it is a question or not . There is no is when you use these verbs. They all include is in their meaning. A: B: ? class how is? () . class is hard How is class? It is hard.

Examples: (1) A: ? B: . Hows the Korean class? Its all right.

(2) A: ? B: , .

Hows the coffee? Uh, its very good.

(3) A: ? B: .

What is Korean food like? Its very chilly hot.

146

UNIT 5 ?

Task 7: Role Play


Practise the dialogue with a partner, using the adjectives given below. You may ask about classes. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: A: B: [ ] ? [ . ]. [ ]? / [ ]? [ / . ] .

difficult hard easy interesting not interesting

UNIT 5 ?

147

Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings +/, +/, +()


Unlike in English where adjectives are used with the verb is, adjectives in Korean are used by themselves and come where the verb would go in the sentence. They are formed according to the same rules for verbs and also have three main speech styles: 1) casual form, 2) polite form, and 3) honorific form. Adjective Stem Adjective Stem Adjective Stem +/ +/ +() (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific)

1) Casual form If the last vowel of the stem is () or (): + + + fine (weather) inexpensive ( already has and no final consonant, so you dont need to add ) + bad (When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped. This makes in the last vowel.)

If the last vowel is not () or (): + + + + interesting/funy delicious big (When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped.)

148

UNIT 5 ? When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into one syllable: + + cloudy slow

If the stem ends in : clean smart

So far, the rule is the exactly same to that for verbs. However, here you will learn an irregular ending used more frequently in adjectives, which is used when the stem ends in.

If the last vowel of the stem is and stem ends in : delete + delete + (an old fashioned word for pretty like fair)

If the last vowel of the stem is not and stem ends in : delete + delete + delete+ (temperature) hot difficult

Note: + is much more common than +, so at this stage you only need to focus on+.

UNIT 5 ? 2) Polite form

149

Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you add at the end. inexpensive delicious

+ +

+ +

3) Honorific form There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or vowel.

If the adjective stem ends in a vowel: + + busy

If the adjective stem ends in a consonant except : + + interesting/funy

If the adjective stem ends in the consonant : delete + delete + beautiful

Dont worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at this stage is to memorize both stem and ending together, as mentioned earlier. Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different forms for a range of adjectives.

150

UNIT 5 ?

Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings


English bad beautiful boring busy inexpensive cold cute delicious difficult easy expensive fun (enjoyable) good good-looking hate/dislike hot (spicy) numerous pretty sick tasteless Stem Casual Form Ending +/ drop + drop + + drop + + drop + drop + + drop + drop + + + + +* + drop + + drop + drop + +

UNIT 5 ?

151

Polite Form +/

Honorific Form +() ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Question Ending +? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Question Ending +? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Note: Those with the question mark ? are used only in questions.

152

UNIT 5 ?

Vocabulary: Transitional Words


/ / / by the way; but; and yet but; however then; in that case and (joining sentences) so; therefore

Examples: (1) A: ? B: . ? Whatcha doing? Writing an assignment. Why?

(2) A: ? B: , .

Do you like Korean food? Yeah, but its a bit spicy.

(3) A: . B: , .

My class finishes early today. Then, come home early.

(4) A: ? B: . .

What are you up to this Saturday? I will be doing casual work in the morning. And in the afternoon I will be studying.

(5) . .

I have many assignments to do. So I am really busy.

UNIT 5 ?

153

Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire about what people do on weekends. The first two are done for you.

(Questionnaire)
(age): (sex) (female) (male)

(occupation): 1. ? 2. ? 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. !

154

UNIT 5 ?

6
?

Unit Focus: Talking About the Time Making Appointments Talking About Class Timetables

o Spaces Between Words Revisited o Which?; What kind of ?; What? o Vocabulary: Question Words o Vocabulary: Study Words o Telling the Time: # oclock o How many...?; What...?; How (old)? o Suggestions 1

+ Let's
o + + from till o Suggestions 2

+()? Shall we?

156

UNIT 6 ?

UNIT 6 ?

157

Situation Dialogue 1
Minjun asks Hyeonu if he wants to have lunch after class. : : : : : : : ? . ? . ? . . . : . .

Romanisation and Translation


Minjun: Hyeonu: Minjun: Hyeonu: Minjun: Hyeonu: Minjun: Hyeonu: Oneul ojeone sueop innya? Eo. Museun sueop? Junggugeo Myeot sie kkeunnaneunde? Yeol dusi. Jal dwaetda. Geurae. Geureoja Dyou have a class this morning? Yep. What class? Chinese. Whens it finish? Twelve. Good. Yeah, lets do that.

Geureom gachi jeomsim meokja. Lets have lunch together then.

Vocabulary
today [ morning; a.m. + in] in the morning class

158 ?

UNIT 6 ? [ have; there is +(very casual ending often used among boys)] D you have? yep what (kind of) [ China language] Chinese (the language) [ what time +(time particle)] at what time [ finish + (casual soft ending)] finish Good! (Lit. it worked out well). twelve oclock in that case; well then; yes indeed together lunch [ eat + lets] lets eat yeah; really [ like that + lets] lets do that

UNIT 6 ?

159

Spaces Between Words Revisited


We have already learnt that there are spaces between words in Korean. The basic rule is that there is a space between words unless there is a particle such as + to, + at, + from, etc. In English these are regarded prepositions and considered separate words, but in Korean they are attached to the noun.

The particles we have learned so far are as follows: Destination particle + . Im going to uni.

Location particle + . Im studying Korean at Monash.

Time Particle + . I have an exam tomorrow morning.

Topic particle +/ . Im a Monash student.

160

UNIT 6 ?

Which...?; What kind of ...?; What...?


When you want to ask a question that corresponds to the English which ...? or what kind of ...?, you can use the question word in front of the noun that you are asking about. Strictly speaking, is equivalent to what kind of? and should be answered by stating a type. (E.g. What kind of food did you eat? I had Italian food.) However, in common usage, is also used to correspond to questions like What food did you eat? and can be answered with I ate pasta. Examples: (1) A: ? B: . (2) What type of movie do you like? Action movies.

A: ? B: .

What kind of book are you reading? A novel.

(3)

A: ? B: , .

What are you two talking about? Uh, its nothing.

(4)

A: ? B: .

Whats the matter with you? Its nothing.

Note that can also mean any depending on its context as in (5). (5) Do you have any plan for tomorrow? No, why?

A: ? B: , ?

UNIT 6 ?

161

Vocabulary: Question Words


what what; how (numerical quantity) e.g. what time , how old which; what kind of; what

() where when how much (when asking about prices) who who (when used as the subject)

Vocabulary: Study Words


() Korean Chinese English French (or ) German accounting business management economics education finance geography law linguistics mathematics physics politics science Korean history (or )

Indonesian Japanese Latin Thai (or ) Vietnamese examination homework

essay (often pronounced as )

162

UNIT 6 ?

Telling the Time: # oclock


We have learnt that Pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers are used in different situations. However, when telling the time, both sets of numbers have to be used. Here we will learn how to say 1 oclock, 2 oclock, etc. Later we will introduce how to use minutes (and Sino Korean numbers). Pure Korean numbers are used for the hour: one oclock two oclock three oclock four oclock five oclock six oclock seven oclock eight oclock nine oclock ten oclock eleven oclock twelve oclock

Pure Korean numbers are also used to express a duration of a certain number of hours: two hours four and a half hours

UNIT 6 ?

163

How many...?; What...?; How (old)...?


We use when we want to ask a question regarding a numerical quantity. In English, we often start such questions with how many but there are also cases where we use what (e.g. What is the time?) or how (e.g. How old is she?). Korean uses the word for all of these cases. (1) What time is it? Its two oclock.

A: ? B: .

(2)

A: ?

How many hours a day do you study?

B: .

One hour.

(3)

A: ?

How many cups of coffee do you drink a day?

B: .

I drink three a day.

(4)

A: ? B: .

How old is your younger sister? Shes sixteen.

(5)

A: ?*

How many students are there altogether?

B: .

There are four.

( is pronounced myeon-myeong-i-e-yo.)

(6)

A: ? B: .

What floor is the office on? Its on the fifth floor.

164 (7) A: ?* B: . ( is pronounced myeo-dweol.)

UNIT 6 ? Whats the date today? Its the 14th of September.

UNIT 6 ?

165

Task 1: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? A(Pure Korean Number) . What time is it now? It's A o'clock.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) Pure Korean numbers up to 12 You are going to hear a dialogue on the time. " ?" "5" Find the clock that shows the time you hear. Put a mark ' ' in that clock. Ready? Listen!

166

UNIT 6 ?

Task 2: Word Check


Match the Korean words with their English equivalents. The first one has been done for you. a. b. c. d. e. f. h. i. j. k. l. o. p. q. r. s. t.

m. n.

g.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Korean English Germa n Japanese mathematics physics accounting finance science education

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

economics linguistics Chinese Korean history politics geography Vietnamese Australian history Indonesian law

UNIT 6 ?

167

Task 3: Role Play


Find out the timetables of the other students in your class using the following dialogue to complete the table below. [ Example Dialogue] : : : : : : () [ / ] /? . [ / ]? [ / ]. ? [ ].

Time 8:00 - 9:00 9:00 -10:00 10:00 -11:00 11:00 -12:00 12:00 - 1:00 1:00 - 2:00 2:00 - 3:00 3:00 - 4:00 4:00 - 5:00

Name

/ Subject/Type of Work

168

UNIT 6 ?

Suggestions 1: + Lets
When you want to make a suggestion that involves both you and the person you are talking to in a casual style, add the ending + to the verb stem:

Verb Stem +

(Casual)

(1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) . (6) . (7) . (8) . (9) .

Lets go together. Lets have lunch together. Lets study together. Lets ride bike. Lets go shopping this weekend. Lets eat. Lets watch TV. Lets listen to Korean Music. Lets meet at the coffee shop at two.

Refer to the verb table in the appendices.

UNIT 6 ?

169

170

UNIT 6 ?

UNIT 6 ?

171

Situation Dialogue 2
Jihun asks Minseo whether she wants to go hagwon after class. : : : : : ? . ? . . ? : , .

Romanisation and Translation


Jihun: Minseo: Jihun: Minseo: Jihun: Oneul ohue sueop isseo? Eo. Myeot sie inneunde? Se sibuteo daseot sikkaji Nado daseot sie kkeunnaneunde. Kkeunnago hagwon gachi galkka? Minseo: Geurae, geureom. Dyou have a class this afternoon? Yep. When? Three til five. I finish at five too. Wanna come with me to the hagwon? (Lit. Shall we go to the hagwon together?) Yeah, alright.

Vocabulary
today [ afternoon; p.m. + in] in the afternoon class [ have; there is +(casual present tense ending)] have

172 + + what time

UNIT 6 ?

[ have +(soft ending)] have three oclock from five oclock until [ me + too] me too

[ finish + (soft ending)] finish [ finish + and then] after that hagwon (a private educational institution/cram school) A hagwon is a private school where children are taught subjects such as English and mathematics after regular school hours. Most Korean children attend these expensive schools in order to keep up in the extremely competitive educational system. There are also hagwon where adults go to learn foreign languages or prepare for the various professional exams. ? together [ go+?shall we?] Shall we go? yeah; indeed

UNIT 6 ?

173

174

UNIT 6 ?

+ + from till
When we want to show a starting point in time, we add the particle + to the starting time. For the finishing time we add +.

Time Word+ Time Word+

(1)

A: ? B: . .

Do you have a class this afternoon? Yes. Ive a Korean class from 2 until 4.

(2)

A: ? B: .

When do you have exams? From tomorrow till the day after tomorrow.

(3)

A: ? B: .*

What did you do yesterday? I watched TV all day from the morning till the evening.

(The standard word for television is but often in conversation or is used. is the past tense form of .) (4) When are the mask dance performances on? B: . Theyre on next week from Monday till Wednesday.

A: ?

UNIT 6 ?

175

Task 4: Role Play


Practise the dialogue with a partner, using the timetable given below. You may ask about classes or work. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: A: B: [ / ] ? /. ? [ ] [ ].

1.

2.

3.

4.

12

23

45

56

5.

6.

7.

8.

7 11

8 10

9 12

10 12

Extended Role Play


Repeat the above role play, but this time ask what subject your partner is doing as well. A: B: A: B: [ / ] ? /. ? [ . ]

176

UNIT 6 ?

Task 5: Writing
It is 12 oclock on a Thursday. Use the table of opening times below to complete the dialogues. Write down the times in Korean. The first one is done for you. 9905-2230 Sat: 9am-1pm 8432-1110 Mon-Fri: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-1pm 7823-2743 Mon.-Fri.: 12pm-9pm; Sat.-Sun: 5pm-9pm 6364-1336 Mon: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm 5293-2010 Mon.-Fri: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm 4337-2766 Mon.-Sat.:9am-9pm 3915-4340 Mon-Fri:9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm 8205-9230 Mon-Sat.: 9am-7pm; Sun.: 9am-1pm

Note: Sat: 9am-1pm is read as .

1.

A: B:

. (This is Seoul Restaurant.) (Hello)? (today) (till what time) (are you open)?

A: B:

. (I see). (Thanks).

UNIT 6 ? 2. A: B: A: B: 3. A: B: A: B: . ? ? . ? ?

177

. .

. .

4.

A: B:

. ? ?

A: B: . .

178

UNIT 6 ?

Suggestions 2: +()? Shall we?


When you want to suggest doing something, add the ending +?/ ?: Verb Stem Verb Stem Rules: If the stem ends in a vowel: +()? + ? ? Shall we meet? +()? +()? (Casual) (Polite)

If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +()? + ? ? Shall we sit?

Examples (1) A: ? B: , . Shall we see a movie together? Sounds good.

(2) A: ? B: .

What shall we eat? Lets have Bulgogi.

(3) A: ? B: .

What shall we do this afternoon? Lets play tennis.

(4) A: ? B: ? .

Shall we have a coffee? Oh, I cant. I have something on. (Lit. What should I do? I have an engagement.)

UNIT 6 ? (5) A: ? B: . Which restaurant shall we go to? Lets go to Seoul Restaurant.

179

(6) A: ? B: ?

What kind of restaurant shall we go to? How about a Korean restaurant?

Refer to the verb table in the appendices.

180

UNIT 6 ?

Task 6: Role Play


Practise making an arrangement to have a dinner with a partner. You may add more food to the list below. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: [ ] ? [ ]? (of course). A: B: , [ ] ? , .

() () () /

Korean food Chinese food French food Indian food Italian food Japanese food Malaysian food Spanish food Thai food Vietnamese food

UNIT 6 ?

181

Task 7: Word Check


Select the odd one out in the following groups of words. The first one has been done for you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

182

UNIT 6 ?

UNIT 6 ?

183

Situation Dialogue 3
Paul wants Hyeonu to study with him tomorrow. : : ? ? . : : : ? . . ? : . .

Romanisation and Translation


Paul: Oneul ohue sigan isseo? Neutgekkaji sueop inneunde. Paul: Paul: Geureom naeireun? Geureom uri naeil gachi gongbuhaja. Du sie doseogwan eottae? Hyeonu: Joa. Geureom naeil bwa. Hyeonu: Naeireun gwaenchana. You got time this afternoon? This afternoon? I have a class until late. What about tomorrow? Tomorrows okay. Then lets study together tomorrow. Two oclock at the library? Alright. (Lit. Good.) See ya tomorrow. Hyeonu: Oneul ohu?

Vocabulary
today [ afternoon; p.m. + in] in the afternoon hours; time

184

UNIT 6 ? [ have; there is +(casual present tense ending)] have

[ late + till] until late + class [ have +(soft ending)] have in that case; yeah tomorrow topic particle [ okay +(casual present tense ending)] okay we together

[ study + lets] lets study ? [ two oclock + at] at two oclock library How about ?; Whats like? [ good; fine +(casual present tense ending)] good; (okay) [ see +(casual present tense ending)] see

UNIT 6 ?

185

Task 8: Role Play


Practise this role play with a partner. A: You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of the schedule below. You start the conversation. B: You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of the schedule below. You partner starts the conversation. Your Schedule for Tomorrow 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

12 1 2 3 4 5 6

[ Example Dialogue] A: [ ] ? B: [ ] ? .* [ . ] A: [ ]? B: [ ] . (*() means Its a bit difficult. It is a gentle way of indicating that you cannot accept someone elses suggestion. Pronunciation: kol-lan-han-de-yo.)

186

UNIT 6 ?

Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT) A ? , A . A(the time) ? . . Have you got A? Yes I have got A. Is A(the time) o'clock O.K.? It's O.K. It's fine.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) time o'clock today yes tomorrow

Pure Korean numbers up to 12

You are going to hear a dialogue in which two people make an appointment to get together. Draw lines connecting people with their appointment time. Ready? Listen! 1 (Thomas) 2 3 4 (Susan) 5 6 7 (Paul) 8 9 10 (Amanda) 11 12 (male) (female) (female) (male)

UNIT 6 ?

187

Task 10: Role Play


Practise arranging to see a movie with a partner. A list of popular Korean movies is given below. [ Example Dialogue] A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: [ ] (any plan) ? , ? (shall we see)? ? (great). ? [ movie title ] ? . ? [ hour ] [ place ] (in front) ? , . [ ] .

Popular Korean Films 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The Host King and the Clown Brotherhood Haeundae Silmido Friend Welcome to Dongmakgol May 18 The High Rollers (2006) (2005) (2004) (2009) (2003) (2001) (2005) (2007) (2006)

10. The Good, The Bad, The Wierd , , (2008)

188

UNIT 6 ?

Task 11: Listening


(EXPONENT) A ? , A . A ? . . Have you got A? No, I haven't got A. How about A? It's O.K. It's fine.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) Monday Thursday Sunday tomorrow Tuesday Friday then time yes Wednesday Saturday today no

You are going to hear more dialogue on making an appointment. This time, listen for the day and draw lines connecting people with their appointment day. Ready? Listen! Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

UNIT 6 ?

189

Task 12: Word Check


Match the Korean words with their English equivalents. The first one has been done for you. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. + + m. n. o. p. q. r.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday appointment what time

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

afternoon morning today tomorrow yesterday what month what day from till class

190

UNIT 6 ?

7
?

Unit Focus: Talking about Past Events

o Verbs and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings o cannot or did not because of inability unintentionally o + It's because ... o and + and; and then o Three ands: +, + and

192

UNIT 7 ?

UNIT 7 ?

193

Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces his friend, Kim Minjun, to Paul. : : : : , ? ? , . . . . . : : , . ? .

Romanisation and Translation


Paul: Hyeonu: Paul: Hyeonu: Eo, wasseo? Orae gidaryeosseo? Ani, nado banggeum wasseo. Insahae. Nae chinguya. Ireumeun kimminjun. Yeogi gyohwan haksaengeuro wasseo. Paul: Minjun: Annyeonghaseyo, Paul smithimnida. Annyeonghaseyo? Hyeonuhanteseo yaegi mani deureosseoyo. How do you do? I have heard a lot about you from Hyeonu. Oh, youre here. Been waiting long? Nup, I just got here too. You dont know each other, do you? (Lit. Lets do introductions.) This is my friend. Names Kim Minjun. Hes here on exchange. Hello, Im Paul Smith.

194

UNIT 7 ?

Vocabulary
oh; yeah [ come+(casual past tense ending)] came; got here a long time [ wait+(casual past tense ending)] waited nah [ I; me+ too] me too; I also a moment ago [ introduce (casual present tense)] introduce + my friend +/ is the casual form of +/(am/are/is). name here [ exchange student + as] as an exchange student + + + is the formal form of +/(am/are/is). from (a person) story; conversation; chat (shortened form of ) a lot [ hear; listen to+(polite past tense ending)] heard; listened to Note: In English we say come from ... using the present tense (). But in Korean we have to use the past tense () since the act occurred in the past. . I come from Australia.

UNIT 7 ?

195

Verbs and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings


Verb or Adjective Stem Verb or Adjective Stem Verb or Adjective Stem +/ +/ +() (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific)

1) Casual form You have already learnt the present tense ending +/. To create a past tense verb or adjective, simply use the past tense ending +/ instead: (Present) + + + + + + (Past) + + +

If the last vowel of the stem is () or (): + + + lived was/were fine (weather)

When the stem ends with the vowel , only + is added: + + went was/were inexpensive

When the stem ends with the vowel , it is combined with : + came

When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped. + was/were bad (The dropping of makes in the last vowel.)

196

UNIT 7 ?

If the last vowel is not () or (): + + + was/were interesting/funy

When the stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is usually combined with +: + + gave was/were cloudy

When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped. + was/were big

If the stem ends in : studied was/were happy

If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is not : delete + delete + was/were easy

If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is : delete + delete + was/were fair/pretty

2) Polite form Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual from except that you add at the end.

UNIT 7 ? + + + + + +

197

+ + + + +

3) Honorific form To create the honorific past tense form, instead of the present tense form +/, you add +/ to the verb stem.

If the stem ends in a vowel: + + + + + + + studied met went came was busy was smart

If the stem ends in a consonant except : + + + + + put on; wore read was funy was good

198

UNIT 7 ?

If the stem ends in the consonant : delete + delete + delete + was/were beautiful was/were cute

You also need to remember a special set of honorific verbs and adjectives: took; ate; drank ate was (there) spoke; said slept passed away was/were ill

Refer to the verb and adjective tables in the appendices to see the three different forms for a range of verbs and adjectives.

UNIT 7 ?

199

Task 1: Role Play


Form a group of three and practice introducing somebody with your group members. [ ] A: , ? B: ? A: , . B: . . [ name ]. A: , [ name ]. C: ? [ name ] .

200

UNIT 7 ?

Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT) / ? A(region) . A ? Where/Which country do you come from? I'm from A. Which area in A are you from?

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) which country where + China Australia came Germany France Japan

from U.K.

You are going to hear an immigration officer asking people what country they come from. Choose the picture that shows the nationality that you hear and write the number of the dialogue in the top row of the table. Ready? Listen!

Canberra Melbourne Sydney Adlaide Brisbane

Berlin Hamburg Bremen Hanover Leipzig

Paris Rouean Orlans Nantes Lyon

London Manchester Liverpool Birmingham Glasgow

Tokyo Osaka Kyoto Shimonoseki Yokohama

Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Nanjing Harbin

You will hear an extension of each dialogue. The immigration officer is asking people which city in their countries they come from. Choose the city that you hear and put a mark ' ' in the box next to it. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 7 ?

201

Task 3: Role Play


Choose one of the activities shown below. This is what you did yesterday. Move around the classroom and have a conversation with your classmates about what you all did. Try to expand the conversation by asking further questions.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

[ 1] A: ? B: . A: ? B: .

[ 2] A: ? B: . A: ? B: .

202

UNIT 7 ?

Task 4: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? ? Verb stem + / Noun + A (o'clock) B (o'clock) What did (you) do? When did (you) do (it)? Verb+ed did Noun from A o'clock to B o'clock

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) + + () () () () () () yesterday when what in the evening with(people) and in ate dinner slept did friend rang cinema house had a walk read a book listened to music

UNIT 7 ? () played piano

203

() watched television () saw a movie

There was a murder last night. A detective questions each member of the victim's household about his or her activities on the night of the murder. Listen carefully and note down each person's activities in the appropriate spaces on the time grid. You can either use the letter which corresponds to each activity or the underlined words as shown in the notes from the first dialogue. Ready? Listen!

List of the Activities a. () . c. () . e. () . g. () . i. . b. () . d. () . f. () . h. () .

1. Mary 2. Tom 3. Harry 4. Jane

7 8

8 9

9 10

1011

11 12

204

UNIT 7 ?

UNIT 7 ?

205

Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu and Paul talk about why they havent finished their assignments. : : : ? , . ? . ? : . . : : ? ? . .

Romanisation and Translation


Hyeonu: Paul: Hyeonu: Ripoteu da haesseo? Ani, ajik da mot haesseo. Neon? Nado. Eoje neutgekkaji chingu saengnil patie isseotgeodeun. Geunde neon wae mot kkeunnaesseo? Paul: Hyeonu: Paul: Gamgi ttaemune. Myeochil gyesok apasseo. Geurae? Ije gwaenchannya? Eung. Da naasseo. Me neither. (Lit. Me too.) Its cause I was at a friends birthday party until late last night. But why havent you finished? (Lit. But why couldnt you finish it?) Its cause of my cold. Ive been sick for several days. Yeah? You OK now? Yeah. Im fine now. (Lit. Ive gotten all better.) Finished your assignment? Nup, not yet. You?

206

UNIT 7 ?

Vocabulary
assignment; essay; report (often pronounced as ) all; in total nah yet; still [ unable (past tense form of do)] couldnt do [ you+(topic particle)] you [ I; me+ too] me too; I also yesterday [ late+ till] until late friend

birthday party [ have/there is+ past tense infix + Its because] cause I was . ? ? but; by the way why [ finish+(casual past tense ending)] finished a cold because of [ several + day(s)] several days continuously [ sick+(casual past tense ending)]was sick Really? (Lit. Is that so?) now [ okay +(very casual ending often used among boys)] Is it okay? yeah [ recover+(casual past tense ending)] got better

UNIT 7 ?

207

208

UNIT 7 ?

cannot or did not because of inability unintentionally


You have already seen how you create a negative sentence by using the negative word , e.g. (I didnt go). If you change to , the sentence becomes (I couldnt go). Examples: (1) . . (2) . . (3) .* There was a party next door. So I couldnt sleep well last night. I cant come to class tomorrow. I have a job interview. Ive got a cold. So I cant meet you tomorrow.

(* is pronounced mon-man-na-yo.) (4) .2 . I didnt do well in the exam. So I dont feel too good.

(*In English we use the word didnt rather than the word couldnt. But in Korean, if there is some external reason why you did not do something, you always use the negative word . When you use , it implies that you intentionally chose not to do something. Thus, is used far more often than can not is used in English.) (5) A: ? B: . , .* A: Did you study yesterday? My friend unexpectedly came over to look for me yesterday evening. So I couldnt.

( is pronounced mo-taess-o*-yo.)

UNIT 7 ?

209

Task 5: Grammar Check


Fill in the blank with negative particles or . The first one has been done for you. 1. . (therefore) 2. . ________ . 3. (have a peanut allergy). ________ . 4. (want to buy). (but) (money) . ________ . 5. (I have a stomach ache). ______ . 6. (sings well). ______ . 7. . (but) ______ . 8. . ______ (send a text message/SMS). 9. A: ______ . B: . . 10. A: ? B: , . ______ (not answering the telephone). . .

210

UNIT 7 ?

+ It's because ...


Verb or Adjective Stem Verb or Adjective Stem + (Present) +/ (Past)

You use Verb or Adjective Stem + when you are providing a rationale for something that has already been referred to previously in the conversation. In this case its equivalent meaning in English is it's because..." though very often this would just be omitted because it is not necessary to overtly express the causal relationship in English. The + ending is very commonly used in everyday conversation. It is a soft ending which helps to affirm a friendly feeling between the people talking. As you can see from the following examples, usually in English there is no need to translate it into equivalent words. The past tense form is +/. (1) You've been very busy? Yes, (it's because) I've been doing two part-time jobs. Where are you going? I'm going to the library. I've got an exam tomorrow. What are you doing in Sydney? (Lit. What's brought you to Sydney?) B: . . Im here on business. Our company has a branch office here. Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.

A: ? B: , .

(2)

A: ? B: . .

(3)

A: ?

UNIT 7 ?

211

Task 6: Role Play


Practise this role play with a partner. Take turns asking each other ? and coming up with excuses why you couldnt do it. Write your and your partners excuses in the table below. [ ] A: ? B: . [ ].

Excuse 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

English I had (part-time) work. I slept. I was sick. I had a car accident. My computer crashed. It was too hard. I had too much to drink. Ive been too busy.

212

UNIT 7 ?

UNIT 7 ?

213

Situation Dialogue 3
Minseos mum asks whether she has already eaten when she comes home. : : . ? . : : : : : : ? . ? , . ? ? ! . .

Romanisation and Translation


Mum: Akka ohue jeonhwahaesseonneunde. Minseo: Geurae? Geuttae doseogwaneseo gongbuhago isseosseo. Mum: Jeonyeok meogeosseo? Yeah? I was studying in the library. Had dinner? Yeah. D you eat alone? Nah, with a friend. What friend? A boy? Mum! No! I ate with Yeongmi. I called you this afternoon.

Minseo: Eung. Mum: Honja meogeosseo?

Minseo: Ani, chinguhago. Mum: Chingu nugu? Namjachingu?

Minseo: Eomma! Aniya. Yeongmihago meogeosseo.

214

UNIT 7 ?

Vocabulary
a little while ago [ afternoon+(time particle)] in the afternoon [ ring+(past tense infix)+] called... (When Minseos mother tells Minseo she called this afternoon, she uses the verb ending . This places an emphasis on her action. If she had just said , it would describe what she did but with a nuance indicating that it was no big deal.) ? Really? (Is that so?) that time [ library+(location particle)] in the library [ study + (past progressive tense)] was studying . dinner [ eat+(casual past tense ending)] ate yeah alone nah [ friend + with] with a friend who boyfriend mum nah

UNIT 7 ? + and; with

215

(When the phrase + () is attached to a person, it means (together) with. You can omit and it means much the same thing. A: ? B: . A: ? Where do you live? I live in Shinsa-dong. Do you live on your own?

B: , No, I live with a Korean friend. . )

216

UNIT 7 ?

and + and; and then


can be used to connect two sentences. It is placed at the beginning of the second sentence and operates like the English and or and then: (1) . .* Sumi is listening to music. And Cheolmin is reading a book.

(*In colloquial speech, it is common to add when a persons first name ends in a consonant: +. This should not be done with seniors or in formal situations. ) (2) . . Sumi ate her dinner. And then she went out again.

The sentences can describe two independent actions as in the first example, or two actions in a time sequence as in the second example. Note that when the subjects of the two sentences are different, you use the particle +/ since you are contrasting them as in (1). As in English, you can also combine these sentences and make them into one. To do this, instead of using , you add the ending + to the first verb:

(3) * .

Sumis listening to music and Cheolmins reading a book.

(The verb in (1) is irregular, with the stem .) (4) . Sumi ate her dinner and went out again.

UNIT 7 ?

217

Even though the two sentences in (4) are past tense, when we join them with +, we dont use the past tense form in the first clause, but only in the final clause. The ending + carries the grammatical function of past tense from the final verb to the first verb, so it is just added to the verb stem. (5) That restaurant is cheap and the food is delicious.

As you can see from example (5), you can also use + to link clauses that end in an adjective, and the rule is exactly the same as for verbs. More examples: (6) . (7) . (8) (9) I played the piano and my younger sister sang. Yesterday I watched TV at home and then I studied. I met a friend and then I came home about 6 oclock. I came back home after eating dinner.

(This structure can also be used to emphasise that you did not just do the second action, but did something first. For example, a mother might ask her son Have you had dinner? upon his arrival at home in the evening, to which he could reply . to emphasise that he ate before coming home.) Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.

218

UNIT 7 ?

Three ands: +, + and


1) + is a particle used to join nouns together:

2) + is an ending used to join verbs or adjectives:

. . (petite and pretty)

3) is a transitional word used to connect two sentences:

. .

UNIT 7 ?

219

Task 7: Role Play


Choose two of the activities shown below. This is what you did yesterday. Move around the classroom having conversations with your classmates to find out what they did yesterday and to tell them what you did. [ ] A: ? B: () . ?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

220

UNIT 7 ?

Task 8: Reading
Read and translate this letter Michael wrote to his teacher after he arrived in Korea.

, . . 9 1 . . !

. ! . . . 10 . ........ 9 1 . .

2008 9 10

Vocabulary
[ Kim professor sir+ to (honorific)] Dear Professor Kim (The casual version of + is +.) [ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I

UNIT 7 ? + + + [ past week] last week [ Saturday+(time particle)] on Saturday

221

[ arrive(past tense form)] arrived [ today+ from] from today on [ started (past tense form)] began from till [ study(past tense form)] very [ difficult+(past tense ending)] was difficult [ four hours for] for four hours [ Korea spoken language] Korean [ do(past tense form)+ its because] [ afternoon+(time particle)] in the afternoon +/: object particle [ meet+(past tense ending)] met [ terrific good at] awesome at [ envious+(present tense ending)] envious [ English+ in] in English [ speak(past tense form)] spoke [ I(humble)+(subject particle)] I too (much) [ tired(past tense form)+ its because] it was because was tired

10

[ eat+ and] [10 ten oclock around+ at] at around 10 dormitory; halls of residence Yours Sincerely

222

UNIT 7 ?

Task 9: Reading & Writing


Read the following text and write about your holidays.

. . . . Rain . .

. (Valentines Day) . Rainy day . . . !

UNIT 7 ?

223

Vocabulary
[ I+(possessive particle)] my school/uni holiday [ cinema+(location particle)] in a cinema [ friend ] friends [ see+(past tense ending)] saw

[ good+(past tense ending)] was good + every day and; with [ not have/there is not+(present tense ending)] do not have [ buy+(past tense ending)] bought [ friend+ with] with a friend [ go+ and (does something there)] went and [ sleep+(past tense ending)] slept a lot very early morning (usually1am till 6 am) [ happy(past tense form)] was happy

224

UNIT 7 ?

Task 10: Word Check


Write down the Korean words next to their English equivalents. The first one is done for you. a. b. c. / d. / e. f. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r.

g. h. . i.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

yesterday in the morning in the evening ate dinner drank tea listened to music rang saw a movie was interesting

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

when in the afternoon at night studied went for a walk played piano read a book slept watched television

Unit Focus: Ordering in a Caf or Restaurant

o Asking for Something in a Shop o +() I want; I will o Counting Nouns o Pure Korean Numbers o Noun +, +() and +/ and

226

UNIT 8

UNIT 8

227

Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu is very thirsty and looking for a cold beer. : : ? . . , . : : : . ? ? . . : ~ . .

Romanisation and Translation


Minjun: Wasseo? Youre here. Yeah. Its much hotter than I thought itd be. Gee, Im thirsty. Have some water. Do you (Lit. Do you not) have some cold beer instead of water? Minjun: Maekju? Eopseo. Beer? Nope. (Lit. Theres isnt any.) Geunyang mul masyeo. Hyeonu: A~ maekjuga deo joeunde. Hal su eopji mwo. Just have water. Hey! Beer would be better. Oh well, cant do anything about it

Hyeonu: Eung. Nalssiga kkwae deomne. A, mok malla. Minjun: Mul masyeo.

Hyeonu: Mul malgo siwonhan maekju eomnya?

228

UNIT 8

Vocabulary
? [ come+(casual past tense ending)]came; got here weather considerably; quite; surprisingly [ hot + (emphatic ending)] hot ah; oh; hey etc. [ throat dry+(casual present tense ending)] thirsty (Lit. throat is dry) water [ drink+(casual present tense ending)] drink instead of [ cool+(noun modifying adjective ending)] cool; refreshing; cold ? beer [ not have; there isnt+?(casual present tense question ending)] Is there not?; Do you not have? [ not have; there isnt+(casual present tense ending)] There isnt.; I dont have just; simply more; (also forms comparatives like the English er ending) [ good + (soft sentence ending/but)]

. oh well, can't do anything about it

UNIT 8

229

Asking for Something in a Shop


When we are asking for something in a shop, we say: A: [ noun ] ? The reply will be either: B: , . or B: , . Examples: (1) A: ? B: , . (2) A: ? B: , (3) A: ? B: , . (4) A: ? B: ? (5) A: ? B: , . Do you have any grapes? Yes, we do. Do you have ginseng tea? No, we dont. Do you have a question? No, I dont. Do you have (some free) time today? Why? Do you have a boyfriend? No, I dont. No, we dont. Yes, we do. Do you have any [ noun ]?

You can see from the latter examples that this phrase has a wide application not just asking for things in shops.

230

UNIT 8

Task 1: Role Play


Form a group. One student will play Role A, the borrower. The others in the group will be neighbours. Rotate the roles so that everyone has a turn at borrowing. A: You are cooking for a party and find out that youve forgotten to buy the items below. Ask each of your neighbours in turn if they have what you need, until you have borrowed all of the items. B: Divide up the six items below with your fellow neighbours. This is all that you have to lend.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

[ ] A: [ ] ? B: , . / . (When B replies that s/he doesnt have the item, s/he uses the term . Although the meaning is the same as , the ending is softer and more polite. Pronunciation: eom-neun-de-yo.)

UNIT 8

231

Task 2: Writing
Answer the questions about what is in the refrigerator according to the picture. The first two have been done for you. 1. A: ? B: , . 2. A: ? B: . 3. A: ? B: 4. A: ? B: 5. A: ? B: 6. A: ? B: 7. A: ? B: 8. A: ? B: 9. A: ? B: 10. A: ? B:

232

UNIT 8

Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT) A(things) ? (A) /. Have we got A? We have/haven't got A.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) yes orange fish corn beer bread chicken no potato crab grape milk cake beef apple mushroom carrot coke cheese egg Korean cabbage

orange juice

You will hear Susan ask whether or not the following items are in the fridge. However, is quite playful. She does not always tell the truth. Mark TRUE or FALSE according to whether or not she tells the truth. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 8

233

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

(TRUE)

(FALSE)

234

UNIT 8

UNIT 8

235

Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a coffee shop and Minseo wants to have Patbingsu. : : : ? . , . ?

(Jihun tries to get the attention of a waiter.) : !

(The waiter comes over.) : : ? .

(The waiter comes back.) : , . . : : : ... . . . .

Romanisation and Translation


Jihun: Mwo masillae? Ani, patbingsu meogeullae. Jihun: Jihun: Jihun: Patbingsu? Yeogiyo! Patbingsu dwaeyo? Whatcha wanna drink? Iced coffee. No wait, I want patbingsu. Patbingsu? Excuse me. (Lit. Over here!) Do you have patbingsu? Minseo: Aiseu keopi.

236 Staff: Staff: Jamsimanyo. Joesonghamnida, sonnim. Oneureun patbingsuga an doemnida. Minseo: Eum... Geureom aiseu keopi juseyo. Jihun: Staff: Jeodo gateun geollo juseyo. Aiseu keopi du janiyo. Algetseumnida.

UNIT 8 I shall check. (Lit. One moment.) Im sorry. (Lit. Im sorry, customer.) There is no patbingsu today. UmThen can I have an iced coffee, please? The same for me, please. Certainly, (Lit. I understand) two iced coffees.

Vocabulary
? what [ drink+ will] will drink ice coffee [ eat+ will] will eat nah; nup; no A bowl of fruit, ice cream, crushed ice and red beans [ here + (polite particle)] over here [+(casual present tense ending)] Is ... available? [ just a moment+(polite particle)] Just a moment, please [ sorry+(formal present tense ending)] Im sorry. (Lit. I regret it.) customer; guest [ today+(topic particle)] today [ negative word +(formal present tense ending)] is not okay; cannot; not available well then; in that case

UNIT 8

237

[ give+(very polite present tense ending)] (please) give

[ I(humble)+ too] me too; I also [ the same + thing +(particle)] same one two cups polite particle +() Okay. (Lit. I understand.)

Note: When speaking English, it is very common to add thank you or thanks when making an order. The Korean equivalents are reserved for when we want to express gratitude for something, and are not used when ordering from a waiter or shop assistant.

238

UNIT 8

+() I want to; I will


When we express a desire to do something, we can use: Verb Stem Verb Stem +/ +/ (Casual) (Polite)

When ascertaining anothers desire do something or not, we can use: Verb Stem Verb Stem Verb Stem +?/? +?/? +?/? (Casual) (Polite) (Very Polite)

When using this pattern, the sentence subject must be I, we or you and cannot be she, he, or they. 1) Casual and polite forms If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +() + () + () () () will drink will wait

If it ends in a consonant (except for ): +() + () * + () () () will eat will listen to

2) Very polite form If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +? + ?* + ? ? (+?) ?

UNIT 8 If it ends in a consonant (except for ): +? + ?* * + ? ? (+?) ?

239

The very polite form +()? is used only in questions. Also note that we have to use the very polite word , in place of (eat) and (drink), which cannot take +(). Examples: (1) A: ? B: . (2) A: ? B: . (3) A: ? B: . What will you drink? I will drink coffee.

Where do you want to sit down? I want to sit here.

What will you drink? Ill have tea please. (Lit. Give me tea, please.)

(4) A: ? B: . (5) A: ? B: . . .

What do you want to wear? Id like to wear jeans.

Do you want to play tennis tonight? Well, Im a bit tired. Id like to just rest at home.

Refer to the verb table in the appendices.

240

UNIT 8

Task 4: Role Play


Practice the dialogue with a partner using some of the vocabulary below. You should know these from Unit 3. A: B: ? [ ]. , [ ] . ? A: [ ].

(Beverages) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. cola beer milk orange juice coffee tea water whisky black tea ginseng tea soft drinks green tea

10. 11 /

12.

UNIT 8

241

Task 5: Role Play


Practice the dialogue with a partner using some of the vocabulary below. You should know these from Unit 3. A: B: [ ] ?* , . [ ] . A: ... [ ] .

Note: ... ? means Is ... available? but it can also be used for Is ... allowed and is used in the phrase ? (Can I pay by card?). is the formal style version of . (Beverages) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. cola beer milk orange juice coffee tea water whisky black tea ginseng tea soft drinks green tea

10. 11 /

12.

242

UNIT 8

Counting Nouns
Korean commonly uses counting nouns for counting objects with numbers. An example of a counting noun, (oclock), was introduced in unit 6. An example of an English counting noun is the word cup when we say Ill have two cups of coffee rather than Ill have two coffees. In English, however, these are mainly used with uncountable or mass nouns, for example, two loaves of bread instead of two breads or three pieces of furniture instead of three furnitures. (Note that in Korean all nouns must be used in their singular form when a number is specified.) (1) . (2) . Ill have 2 cups of coffee. Give me 1 apple.

The use of counting nouns in English is very limited. However, Korean has a wide range of different counting nouns. can be used with most objects, though it must not be used for people. For people, use , or . and are interchangeable and are both neutral terms for counting people. is an honorific form and should be used for elders, customers, seniors, etc. For example, when customers arrive at a restaurant: (3) : ? : . How many of you are there? There are three of us.

UNIT 8

243

The list below shows the counting nouns that you are most likely to need in everyday conversation, so you should memorise these.

Item (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) oclock hours months age (years) people

Counting Noun /

Example / one oclock two hours three months four years (old) five students five customers six apples seven cups of coffee

people (honorific) general things cups

(9)

bottles

eight bottles of beer

(10) sheets, tickets

eleven sheets of paper

244

UNIT 8

This list shows less frequently used counting nouns and is provided for you to refer to when necessary.

Item

Counting Noun

Example

(11) (12) (13) (14)

animals books pencils shoes, socks

nine cows ten books. twelve pencils thirteen pairs of shoes

(15) (16) (17) (18)

suits (clothes) cars trees letters

fourteen suits

fifteen cars sixteen trees seventeen letters

UNIT 8

245

Task 6: Writing
Compile a shopping list from the information on the right. Make sure you use the appropriate counting nouns. The first one has been done for you.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

oranges apples eggs beer whisky cakes bread carrots

3 2 10 5 1 4 1 7

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

246

UNIT 8

Task 7: Writing
You need to buy the items in the box for a party:

apples -10 pears - 5 coke - 7 bottles orange juice - 3 bottles

apple juice - 2 bottles beer - 8 bottles wine - 1 bottle

Use this information to complete the following dialogues. 1. 1st : . : ? : , . : ? : . : , 2. 2nd : . : ? : , . : , . .

UNIT 8 3. 1st : . : ? : , . : , ? : . . : , 4. 2nd : . : ? : , . : , ? : , . : , ? : . 5. 3rd : . : ? : , . : , . . . . .

247

248

UNIT 8

Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT) A(things) ? A /. A(things) . Have you got A? I have/haven't got A. Give me A, please.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) yes no then apple bread coke whisky beer brandy orange juice general item counting noun bottle counting noun

UNIT 8

249

Listen to the following dialogues that might happen in a shop between a shop assistant and a customer. Write down the number of items that a customer is buying in the box next to that item. Ready? Listen!

1. ; in a fruit shop

2. ; in a small supermarket

3. ; in a bottle shop

250

UNIT 8

UNIT 8

251

Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun, Hyeonu and Paul are at a Korean restaurant in Melbourne. : . ? : .

: .

(A waiter comes back to take an order.) : ? : , . . : , .

(The waiter brings out the food.) : .

(Hyeonu gets the attention of waiter.) : . . : . ? : , .

: , .

Romanisation and Translation


Staff: Minjun: Staff: Staff: Eoseo oseyo. Se buniseyo? Ne. Ijjogeuro oseyo. Jumun hasigetseumnikka? Welcome. A table for three? Yes. Please come this way. Are you ready to order? (Lit. Will you order?)

(A waiter comes back to take an order.)

252 Minjun: Bibimbap hana, gimchijjigae dul juseyo. Bibimbabeun gogi ppaegoyo. Staff: Ne, algetseumnida. (The waiter brings out the food.) Staff: Masitge deuseyo.

UNIT 8 One bibimbab and two kimchi jjigae please. Well have the bibimbap without meat. (vegetarian bibimbap) Yes, certainly. (Lit. Yes, I understand.) Enjoy your meal. Excuse me. (Lit. Hey over there!) Can we have another class of water, please? Sure. Is there anything else you need? (Lit. Is there not anything else you need?) No, were fine. Okay then.

(Hyeonu gets the attention of waiter.) Hyeonu: Jeogiyo. Yeogi mul han janman deo juseyo. Staff: Ne. Mwo piryohan geo deo eopseuseyo? Paul: Staff: Anyo,gwaenchanayo. Ne, algetseumnida.

Vocabulary
. +? Welcome (Lit. Please come in right away) three people is it? (+/ is the honorific form of +/.) . [ this side+ to] this way [ come+(very polite present tense ending)] (please) come rice with mixed vegetables and beef

UNIT 8 ? [ order +(honorific infix) + (future infix) +?(honorific question ending)] Are you ready to order? . one kimchi stew two meat [ give+(very polite present tense ending)] (please) give

253

[ take out; except; exclude + and + (polite particle)] without meat, please Okay. (Lit. I understand.) Enjoy your meal [ deliciously *this is really part of an idiomatic expression so cant really be translated by itself; (please) take; eat; drink (honorific)]

[ over there +(polite particle)] Excuse me. here water one cup only more; (also forms comparatives like the English -er ending: taller) [ needed+(noun modifying adjective ending) thing] needed thing

[ not have; there isnt+(very polite present tense ending)] Is there not any?; Do you not have any?

254 no

UNIT 8

[ okay+(present tense ending)] okay yes

UNIT 8

255

Restaurant Related Expressions


! . (Formal) (Casual) I will be enjoying the meal. (You say this just before you start eating the meal prepared or paid by someone other than you.) . . (Formal) (Casual) I enjoyed the meal. I enjoyed the meal.

! (). ?

Yum; Tastes good. Im full. What is your recommendation? (Lit. What is delicious in this restaurant?).

[A] ? . .

Does [A] have meat in it? Could you hurry up, please? May I have some more side dishes? (Lit. Please give me more side dishes)

. . . .

One more bowl of rice, please. I didnt order this. I didnt order this. Complements of the house (Lit. This is a (free) service)

May I have the bill please?

256

UNIT 8

Pure Korean Numbers


Korean uses two sets of numbers. The first is comprised of numbers that predate the influence of Chinese culture in Korea, Pure Korean numbers. The second is based on the Chinese number system, Sino-Korean numbers. Pure Korean numbers up to 12 were introduced in unit 6 for telling the time (saying 1 oclock, etc.). Here we will introduce more Pure Korean numbers. You will hear these numbers used most often for counting everyday objects, such as when people are ordering things in cafs, etc.

1 6

2 7 12

3 8 13

4 9 14

5 10

11 16

15 20

17

18

19

Examples: (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . Please give me one apple. Two lattes, please. Ill have three coffees. Ill have four hamburgers.

Note that the object does not change to a plural form when there is more than one, unlike in English.

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257

Note also that a modified form of , , , and are used with counting nouns (shown below). (5a) . (5b) . Ill have two coffees. Ill have two cups of coffee.

While these numbers exist up to 99 (shown below), nowadays most Koreans tend to use them only for numbers up to about 20. Listening Comprehension Tasks 10 and 11 introduce the Pure Korean numbers up to 20. 20 60 30 70 40 80 50 90

258

UNIT 8

Task 9: Word Check


Connect the numerals with their Pure Korean number equivalent. The first one is done for you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

UNIT 8

259

Task 10: Listening


(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) one five nine two six ten three seven four eight

You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10. Circle the number that you hear. Ready? Listen! 1. a.5 b.9 5. a.1 b.6 9. a.7 b.5 2. a.7 b.10 6. a.3 b.8 10. a.4 b.9 3. a.2 b.8 7. a.3 b.9 4. a.9 b.3 8. a.3 b.1

You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down the number that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen! 11. 15. 19. 12. 16. 20. 13. 17. 14. 18.

260

UNIT 8

Task 11: Listening


(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) eleven thirteen fifteen seventeen nineteen twelve fourteen sixteen eighteen twenty

You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the number that you hear. Ready? Listen! 1. a.15 b.14 5. a.11 b.16 9. a.12 b.15 2. a.17 b.13 6. a.18 b.19 10. a.20 b.19 3. a.11 b.18 7. a.15 b.13 4. a.19 b.13 8. a.12 b.17

UNIT 8

261

Task 12: Role Play


Practice the following role play with a partner A: Shop assistant: You work in a fast food restaurant. Take your customers order, filling out the order sheet below as you go. After you have finished show your partner what you have written to check that you have taken the order correctly. Switch roles when you have finished. B: Customer: You are ordering fast food for you and your friends. Decide the quantities of each item that you will order from the menu below and write it down. Order the items from the shop assistant. [ ] A: . (Welcome. Lit. Please come in right away) ? (What can I get you?) B: . A: , , ? B: , . (Yes, thats right)

262

UNIT 8

Noun +, +() and +/ and


+, +() and +/ are particles added to the end of a noun to connect it to another noun: 1) + for conversational speech: 2) +() for conversational speech, which often used by children or young females o If the word ends in a vowel +: o If the word ends in a consonant, +: 3) +/ for writing or formal speech o If the word ends in a vowel, +: o If the word ends in a consonant, +:

Note that there is no space between the first noun and the particle, but there is a space between the particle and the second noun (not , but ). We use + most often in conversation. Examples: (1) : . : , (2) A: ? . B: (3) . (4) ( ) Please give me a coke and a coffee. Certainly, here you are. When do you have Korean classes? On Mondays and Wednesdays. I bought bread and milk. Independent Film Bread and Milk, Director: Shin-yon Won.

UNIT 8

263

Task 13: Writing


Work out what the following dialogue means and fill in the blanks using the words below. There may be more than one answer. +

: : :

. ? . . ?

: : : : : : :

? , , . .

, . ? . , . * ?

Note: Korean pub goers normally order (drinking snacks) to go with their drinks. (It is often compulsory to do so!) These side dishes can vary from plates of nibbles to large hot dishes of nicely prepared food. The drinks are very cheap and the pubs usually make their money from selling these side dishes.

264

UNIT 8

Task 14: Listening


(EXPONENT) A(things) . Give me A please.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) coke coffee orange juice milk routine expression meaning welcome

Pure Korean numbers up to 5 You are going to hear three dialogues in which a customer is ordering drinks in a coffee shop. Write down the number of drinks the customer orders in the box next to the drink. Ready? Listen!

9
?

Unit Focus: Asking for and Giving Prices Asking for a Discount

o How much? o Sino-Korean Numbers o Telling the Time: # minutes o am/are/is not o Rate and Ratio Particle + per o Delimiter Particle + only o Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and o Vocabulary: Colour Terms o Vocabulary: Consumer Items

266

UNIT 9 ?

UNIT 9 ?

267

Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Minseo are at a fast food restaurant. : : : : : ? . . ? .

Romanisation and Translation


Assistant: Mwo deurilkkayo? Jihun: Bulgogi beogeo seteu dul juseyo. Assistant: Yeogi itseumnida. Jihun: Eolmayeyo? What can I get you? Two bulgogi burger meals, please. Here you are. How much is that? Thats 9,000 won.

Assistant: Gucheonwonimnida.

Assistant: Manwon badatseumnida.

Thats (Lit. I have received) 10,000 won.

Assistant: Cheonwon deuryeotseumnida. Thats 1,000 won change. (Lit. I have given you 1,000 won.)

268

UNIT 9 ?

Vocabulary
? what [ give(honorific)+?shall I?] Shall I give ? bulgogi burger meal two [ give+(honorific present tense ending)] (please) give [ here there is+(formal style present tense ending)] here it is (polite) ? + [ how much+ am/are/is] How much is it? 9,000 won + is the formal style version of +/ (am/are/is). 10,000 won [ receive+(formal style past tense ending)] received (polite) 1,000 won [ give(honorific)+(formal style past tense ending)] gave (polite) Note 1: Korean shop assistants typically use formal-honorific forms when speaking to customers. Customers will generally speak to shop assistants in more casual - though still polite - forms. Note 2: The highest valued Korean note is 50,000 won and the lowest is

UNIT 9 ? 1,000 won. Coins range from 1 won to 500 won. Current Korean currency can be found at the following web

269

address: http://eng.bok.or.kr/broadcast.action?menuNaviId=1691

270

UNIT 9 ?

am/are/is not
1) +/ (am/are/is) In unit 1 you have learned +/ to say A is B when B is a noun and not an adjective. Remember that this ending must be added to the end of a noun, pronoun or wh-question word. Noun+() Noun+/ Noun+() Noun+ Noun+() Rules: If the noun ends in a vowel: + ? If it ends in a consonant: + . Its a photo of my girlfriend. What is that? (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific) (Polite, formal) (Honorific, formal)

2) If you want to say that A is not B, then you use . Noun Noun Noun Noun Noun (Casual) (Polite) (Honorific) (Polite, formal) (Honorific, formal)

UNIT 9 ?

271

However in this case, we do not write it as an ending attached to the noun, but as a separate word: . Examples: (1) A: B: ? , . Is s/he a Korean? No. S/hes not a Korean. This is not my book.

(2) A: B:

. , ?

That car is not a Japanese one. Then what country does it come from?

(3) A: B:

? .

How much is that? Its 10 dollars.

(4) A: B:

?* .

Who is s/he? (honorific) S/he is a professor of Korean Studies.

(5) A: B:

? .*

What year of school is your younger brother in? He is in 3rd year of high school.

(* is pronounced hang-nyeon.) (6) A: B: When is your graduation ceremony? . Its on the 25th of February.

272 (7) A: B: ? * .

UNIT 9 ? Where are we? (Lit. Where is this place?) We are in Jongno 3-ka. (Lit. It is Jongno 3-ka) (Pronounced jong-no.)

(8) A: B:

? .

Whats the date today? Its the 27th.

Refer to the appendix 1 at the end of the book.

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273

How much?
You learned the meaning of - how many, or what when used with numerical nouns such as time/age/date/floor etc. - in Unit 6. Now we will look at the word which has a similar meaning, but different usage.

is also used for numerical quantities but, unlike , is not used before nouns. For example, can be used for the following: (1) ? (2) ? (3) ? What time is it? What age are you?/What age is s/he? What floor is it?

In these examples, is asking what number. It is also used like this: (4) ? How many cups of coffee do you drink in a day? , on the other hand, is used like this: (5) ? How much is this?

Note that there is no noun after , but simply the verb meaning is. This construction can always be equated to How much is? In the simple form above, it is used to ask the price of something, but the word price is not used in the sentence. So when asking about prices, always use , and for now, use for asking about all other quantities or amounts.

274

UNIT 9 ?

Sino-Korean Numbers
Sino-Korean numbers are used in cases where numbers are more abstract. As such, they are used for dates, telephone numbers, bus numbers, amounts of money including prices, minutes when telling the time, room numbers, floors of a building, measurements of weight, height, and so on. / 0 1 6 11 16 10 100 1000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 2 7 12 17 20 200 2000 3 8 13 18 30 300 3000 4 9 14 19 40 400 4000 5 10 15 20 50

10000

20000

Examples: year month name 1995 January the 2nd (of a month) three weeks four minutes five won the sixth floor building no. 7 room no. 8

date (of the month) weeks minutes currency floor building number room number

telephone number , 1 901-2000

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275

Note 1: Koreans typically express the first four (or three) digits of a phone number as one number, followed by , and then the last four digits as another number, before finally adding . However, Koreans are increasingly expressing phone numbers as a series of digits, as in English. More examples: (1) A: ? B: . How much is this? Its 1,500 won.

(2)

A: * ? How much is the starting salary? B: . 3,000,000 won (per month).

(In Korea, salaries are calculated by the month. means a months pay ( month + provision). An employee will usually receive a bonus payment which can be up to 6 months base salary per year, as well as allowances for meals and travelling expenses. Starting annual salaries for university graduates in major companies averaged 29,850,000 won (A$ 40,695) in 2007.) (3) A: * ? B: . When is Chuseok? Its August 15 in the lunar calendar. ( is one of the most important public holidays in the Korean calendar. Traditionally, it marked the end of the harvest in autumn. On the day before literally millions of Koreans jam the highways as they travel to their hometowns for the traditional celebrations.)

276 (4) A: ? B: .*

UNIT 9 ? Which floor is your office on? Its on the third floor

(In Korea, the ground floor is designated (floor 1). So is actually equivalent to the second floor in Australia.) (5) A: ? B: . How long have you studied Korean? 3 weeks.

(6) A: . B: ? A: .

Could you deliver this please? Please give me the address. 1006, Block 7, Hyundai Apartments.

In examples 2, 3, 4 and 6 a subject particle has been used (+ in 2, 3 and 4, + in 6). This is because in these sentences, your attention is being focussed on the subject (i.e. monthly pay, Chuseok, office, address). When the subject noun ends in a consonant, you use +, when it ends in a vowel you use +. Normally, in conversation this subject particle can be omitted.

Note that it is important to remember for which items you must use pure Korean numbers and in which cases you must use Sino-Korean numbers. Eventually you should not have to think about which number system to use. Normally, numbers are written using digits and not spelled out in Hangul. So when a number is written as, for example, 24, you need to know whether to read it as or as to avoid sounding like a foreigner!

UNIT 9 ?

277

Task 1: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) / zero four eight one five nine two six ten three seven

You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 0 to 10. Circle the numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen! 1. a.4 b.5 5. a.1 b.6 9. a.0 b.8 2. a.10 b.3 6. a.3 b.8 10. a.4 b.9 3. a.2 b.8 7. a.3 b.9 11. a.10 b.7 4. a.9 b.3 8. a.3 b.1

You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen! 12. 15. 18. 21. 13. 16. 19. 22. 14. 17. 20.

278

UNIT 9 ?

Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) eleven thirteen fifteen seventeen nineteen twelve fourteen sixteen eighteen twenty

You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen! 1. a.15 b.14 5. a.11 b.16 9. a.12 b.15 2. a.17 b.13 6. a.18 b.19 10. a.20 b.19 3. a.12 b.18 7. a.15 b.13 4. a.19 b.13 8. a.11 b.17

UNIT 9 ?

279

Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) ten forty seventy (a) hundred twenty fifty eighty thirty sixty ninety

You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 10 to 100. Circle the numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen! 1. a. 40 4. a. 50 7. a. 40 10. a. 100 b. 90 b. 90 b. 30 b. 90 2. a. 30 b. 70 5. a. 60 b. 30 8. a. 10 b. 90 3. a. 20 b. 80 6. a. 70 b. 80 9. a. 50 b. 30

You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen! 11. 14. 17. 20. 12. 15. 18. 13. 16. 19.

280

UNIT 9 ?

Task 4: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first one has been done for you.

a. ball-point pen

150

b. cigarette

c. ice cream

d. cheeseburger

1. : ? : .

2. : ? : .

3. : ? : . : . : ? : . : ? : .

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281

Task 5: Role Play


Practise the following role play with a partner. A: Customer: You are in a coffee shop. There is a menu on the table but there are no prices. Ask the waiter/waitress the price of each item and fill in the menu below. When you have all the prices, order a drink. When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to check if youve got the prices correct. Refer to the dialogue below. B: Waiter: You are serving a customer in a coffee shop. Decide what you would like to charge for your coffees. [ ] : : : : ? [ ] ? 2,500 . , [ ]?

MENU

282

UNIT 9 ?

Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT) A . . ? A (price) . Give me A, Please. Here you are. How much is it? It's A won (Korean currency unit).

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) ice cream cheeseburger hamburger coke coffee milk indian tea and general item counting noun French fries routine expression meaning welcome sum

Sino-Korean numbers up to 9,000: hundred thousand Pure Korean numbers up to 4 You are going to hear some dialogue that might happen in a fast food restaurant. Listen for the number of items that a customer is ordering and the price. Write down the number and the price on your sheet. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 9 ?

283

1.

2.

284 3. 4.

UNIT 9 ?

UNIT 9 ?

285

Task 7: Writing
Complete the dialogue: You are looking for a newspaper at a kiosk. 1. : 2. : 3. : 4. : 5. :

. (Welcome) ? (What are you looking for?)

: : : : : : : :

, . ? . , . ?

286

UNIT 9 ?

Telling the Time: # minutes


You have learnt that Pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers are used for different things. When telling the time, both sets of numbers have to be used. You have learnt how to say 1 oclock, 2 oclock, etc., with Pure Korean numbers. Now that we have introduced Sino-Korean numbers, the way to specify the minutes of the time will be explained. Sino Korean numbers are used for the minutes of the time: 3:15

To say a specific time, including how many minutes past, simply add the number of minutes followed by the word (minutes) after the hour, so you have something like three oclock and fifteen minutes. Examples: (1) A: ? B: . (2) A: ?* B: . ( is pronounced "kkeunnayo".) What is the time (now)? It is 3:15.

What time does the class finish? It ends at 4:55.

UNIT 9 ?

287

Task 8: Listening
You are going to hear more dialogue on the time. " ?" "12 30." Write down the time that you hear in Korean. Ready? Listen!

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

. 10.

11.

. 12.

288

UNIT 9 ?

UNIT 9 ?

289

Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo is buying fruit at a market. : , , ?

: . : , ?

: . : , ?

: . : . .

: , . : ... , .

Romanisation and Translation


Minseo: Jeo, ajeossi, sagwa eolmayeyo? Shopkeeper: Han gaee cheon wonieyo. Minseo: Geureom, i podoneun eotteoke haeyo? Shopkeeper: Killoe Sacheon wonindeyo. Minseo: Geureomyeon, baeneunyo? Excuse me, (Lit. Hey there old man/uncle,) how much are the apples? Theyre 1,000 won each. How much are these grapes then? Theyre 4,000 won per kilo. Well then, what about the pears? Shopkeeper: Han gaee samcheon wonindeyo. Minseo: Neomu bissayo. Jom kkakka juseyo. Thats too expensive. Can you give me a discount? (Lit. Please lower the price a little.) Theyre 3,000 won each.

290 Shopkeeper: Geureomyeon, icheon palbaek wonman naeseyo. Minseo: gae juseyo.

UNIT 9 ? Well then, just give me 2,800 won. pears, please.

Eum... geureomyeon, bae se Um then, I will take three

Vocabulary
? ? [ how much+ is] How much is it? [ one unit+ per] per unit 1,000 won [ how ?do?] How much ? (Lit. How do sell (per bunch or per kilo?)) + [ kilo+ per] per kilo [ four thousand] 4,000 [ am/are/is+ (soft sentence ending)] is [ three thousand] 3,000 too [ expensive+(present tense ending)] expensive a bit [ reduce+ (please)] please reduce well then; in that case [ two thousand eight hundred] 2,800 only; just [ pay+(honorific present tense ending)] please pay three units [ give+(honorific present tense ending)] (please) give

UNIT 9 ? Note 1: Male shopkeepers are addressed as . Older female

291

shopkeepers are addressed as . Younger female shopkeepers are sometimes called by females, which literally means older sister. However, they are hardly ever called by males, which also means older sister but to a male. Males will simply call out "yeogiyo" (literally Over here!) if they need to catch a young female staff members attention. Note 2: When ordering something in a shop in English, we often use a phrase like Can I have this please. But in Korean you use ... , which literally means Please give me ...

292

UNIT 9 ?

Rate and Ratio Particle + per


When we are using numbers, we often want to specify a price or an amount in terms of another quantity. (For example $10 per kilo, 2000 calories per person, 3 times per week, lemons are $2 for 3.) To do this in Korean, add the particle + to the unit of measurement (the quantity which comes after per in English). This amount comes before the rate (price, etc.) amount in Korean.

1 10
Examples: (1) : : ? .

10 dollars per kilo

How much are those grapes? 9,000 won per kilogram.

(2) :

How much is one kilo of that pork? 6,000 won per kilo.

(3) : :

? * .

How much is the beef? 50,000 won for 600 grams.

(600g ( ) is often used (rather than 1 kilogram or 500 grams) because it approximates an old Korean measure.) (4) : : ? . How much are the apples? 10,000 won for 3.

UNIT 9 ?

293

Delimiter Particle + only


The particle + is used when you want to say only or just (e.g. I paid just 10 dollars, only 3 people came, give me just one ticket, I only went to Brisbane.). + comes straight after the noun it refers to. As it is a particle, you do not leave a space between the noun and when you write it. (1) : Theyre too expensive. Could you give them to me a bit cheaper? : , . Then just 2,800 won each. (Lit. please pay just 2,800 won.) (2) : . : , . Shall I give you these apples too? No, just give me the pears.

. .

(3) : : : : :

. ? . . .

Here it is. How much is it? Make it 80,000 won. (Lit. Give me just 80,000 won.) How about 70,000 won? All right.

(4) :

Did any other students go to the party? No, only I went.

, .

294 (5) : * ? : , .

UNIT 9 ? Are you working (part-time) on Saturdays as well? No, I only work on Fridays. ( on its own means Saturday, so the (day) is completely redundant. However, the two are often used together in colloquial speech. If you wanted to specify that something happened in the daytime, as in the colloquial English, on Saturday day, then you would say because the word does not have the connotation of daytime that the English word day does. is pronounced to-yo-il-lal.)

UNIT 9 ?

295

Task 9: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first one has been done for you. a. book b. camera c. apple d. pear e. grapes 1. 15,000 . . . . .

: :

? .

2.

: :

? .

3.

: : : : : :

, , ? . , ? . , ? .

296

UNIT 9 ?

Task 10: Role Play


Practise the following role play with a partner. A: You are in a greengrocers. Ask the shop assistant the prices of the fruit below and write them down in the appropriate blanks. When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to check if you have the prices correct. B: You are a shop assistant in a greengrocers. Decide the price you would like to receive for each item. [ ] A: B: A: B: A: , / ? . ? () . , () .

kg

kg

UNIT 9 ?

297

298

UNIT 9 ?

UNIT 9 ?

299

Situation Dialogue 3
Minseo is buying a sweater at a department store. : : : ? . . ... , ? : : : : . . . ?1 , .

Romanisation and Translation


Minseo Jeo kkaman seuweteo eolmayeyo? Assistant Sippalman wonindeyo. Minseo Jom bissaneyo. Eum...geureom, i ppalgan seuweteoneunyo? Assistant Guman ocheon wonieyo. Minseo Jom boyeo juseyo. Its 180,000 won. Oh, thats a bit expensive. UmWhat about this red sweater then? Thats 95,000 won. Can I have a look at it? (Lit. Please show it to me.) Assistant Yeogi isseoyo. Maeume deuseyo? Minseo Ne, yeppeuneyo. Here it is. Do you like it? Yes, it is pretty. How much is that black sweater?

300

UNIT 9 ?

Vocabulary
? + that (one over there) black sweater [ how much+ am/are/is] How much is it? 180,000 won [ am/are/is+ (soft sentence ending)] is [ expensive +(polite) exclamatory ending] expensive this red 95,000 won please; a bit [ show+ please] please show (it) to me [ here there is+(present tense ending)] here it is ? Does it appeal to you? [ pretty; looks nice + (polite exclamatory ending)] pretty

Note 1: You have previously learnt ? However, when you are buying things ? is used instead (Lit. Does it match with your heart/feelings?). A shop assistant might also ask ' ? (Is the size right?).

UNIT 9 ?

301

Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and


(this) is used when you want to refer to something or someone located close to you the speaker, (that) to something or someone located not close to you the speaker but to the listener, (that over there) to something or someone distant from both speaker and listener. The corresponding question word is (which).

this book that book that book which book

this (one) that (one); it that (one) which (one)

here there over there where

Examples: (1) A: B: . ? ? Give me that one. Which one? This one?

(2) A: B:

? .

What is that (over there)? Its a Korean mask.

(3) (A customer is talking to a shop assistant about buying a TV.) : LCD TV ? : . : LG ? : . How much is this Samsung LCD TV? Its 1,050,000 won. Well then how much is that LG over there? Its 1,190,000 won.

302

UNIT 9 ?

Vocabulary: Colour Terms


/ / / 1 / / 2 / 3 colour white black red blue yellow green pink orange grey brown purple violet gold silver rainbow (, , , , , (indigo), )

Note 1:

is also used sometimes to describe the colour green. In ancient Korean there were only five pure colour words, so was used to denote both blue and green.

Note 2:

Younger people tend to use rather than , which has an old fashioned connotation.

Note 3:

literally means chestnut colour.

UNIT 9 ?

303

Task 11: Role Play


Practise the following role play with a partner. A: You are a customer in a department store looking at the sweaters listed below. You have a budget of only 65,000 . Choose a sweater and ask the shop assistant the price. When you find one you can afford, then buy it.

1. black sweater 5. white sweater 9. violet sweater

2. brown sweater 6. grey sweater 10. pink sweater

3. red sweater

4. orange sweater

7. yellow sweater 8. purple sweater 11. blue sweater 12. green sweater

B:

You are a shop assistant. Decide what prices you would like to charge for the sweaters.

[ ] : : : : : : : ? . . , ? . . . ? , .

304

UNIT 9 ?

Vocabulary: Consumer Items


/ MP3 ( ) refrigerator television washing machine electric heater electric rice cooker vacuum cleaner bed desk sofa bookcase computer mobile phone MP3 player digital camera electronic dictionary watch leather shoe handbag ring necklace earring

UNIT 9 ?

305

Task 12: Word Check


Match the Korean to the English. The first one has been done for you. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l.

1.

shoes

7.

watch

2.

bed

8.

sofa

3.

bookcase

9.

ring

4.

television

10.

refrigerator

5.

desk

11.

handbag

6.

earrings

12.

necklace

306

UNIT 9 ?

Task 13: Listening


(EXPONENT) ? A/? How much is it? How about A?

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) refrigerator bed desk sofa bookcase then colour television I see thank you

Sino-Korean numbers up to 200,000 thousand ten thousand

Sumi has come to Seoul to go to a university and has rented a flat. She needs lots of household items. She has decided to buy second hand furniture. Now, she is calling to find out the prices of some items shown in the advertisement below. Write down the price next to each item that you hear. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 9 ?

307

(3.0kg) 7 2 3 8565-3740

10 3 5 7556-3440 4 2 9 5388-9155 70 8 9 5 3736-1884 50

5 3 6985-7643 100 x 200 cm

80x150cm

5 6 386DX40 MP3 4387-2513 FM/AM

(5)

75 7

308

UNIT 9 ?

Task 14: Web Task


Visit the (EMart) web site and find the prices of 5 items you want to buy: http://www.emart.co.kr

UNIT 9 ?

309

Task 15: Word Check


Select the odd one out in the following group of words. The first one has been done for you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

310

UNIT 9 ?

Task 16: Reading


1. Read the following text from beginning to end without stopping, even if you come across vocabulary that you dont know. Try to guess the meaning through the context. 2. If you still have words that you dont know after you have tried guessing from the context, ask your classmates. You will probably be able to understand most of the new vocabulary using this method. 3. Ask your teacher about any remaining unknown vocabulary. (Susan has come to Korea on an exchange program and wrote the following email to her Korean teacher in Australia.) . . ! 18,000 . . . ! 1,250 4,000 ! . . . 5,500 . . .

UNIT 9 ?

311

Vocabulary
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I [ Seoul Uni+ to] to Seoul (National) Univ. [ exchange student+ as] as an exchange student +/ [ come+(past tense ending)] came [ yesterday+(topic particle)] yesterday [ friend (plural suffix)+ with] with friends [ restaurant+ at] at a restaurant lunch [ eat+(past tense ending)] ate object particles [ eat+(past tense infix)(connector for adding extra information)] ate and [ quite expensive+(past tense ending)] was quite expensive + + [ one serving+ per] per serving past tense form of + [ today+(topic particle)] today at; in well; and [ very inexpensive+(past tense ending)] was very cheap [ restaurant+ at+(topic particle)] at the restaurant + + + [ meal+(subject particle)] meals from to am; is; are

312 + +

UNIT 9 ? [ afternoon+(time particle)] in the afternoon with [ go+(past tense ending)] went (caf) latte [ drink+(past tense ending)] drank [+ am/are/is+(connector for adding extra information)] (it) was and

[ extremely expensive+(past tense ending)] was extremely expensive my So; therefore [ uni student+(plural suffix)+(topic particle)] uni students

[ more inexpensive+ because] Cause (it) is cheaper

10
?

Unit Focus: Talking About Yourself and Your Family

o Expressing Your Age o Addressing Peers at School: o Education System in Korea o Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments o Word Contractions o Vocabulary: Family o Honorific Subject and Topic Particles o Possessive Pronouns o Vocabulary: Occupations o +/ ? Would you mind telling me ? o Sending a Text Message

314

UNIT 10 ?

UNIT 10 ?

315

Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces Minjun to Paul who is younger than both of them. : . ? : : : : : : : : : : : . , . ? 2 . ? 92 . , 89 . . . . ? .

Romanisation and Translation


Minjun: Hangugeo jeongmal jal haneyo. Your Korean is really good. Eodiseo baewosseoyo? Paul: Hangugeo jeongonghaeyo. myeot hangnyeonieyo? Paul: I hangnyeonindeyo. Minjun: Hoksi myeot nyeon saengieyo? Paul: Gui nyeondo saengiyo. Where did you learn it? Im majoring in Korean. Ah~ No wonder. What year are you in (at university)? Im in second year. Do you mind telling me what year you were born? I was born in 92.

Minjun: A~eojjeonji. Geureom jigeum

Minjun: A~ urin palgu nyeon saenginde. Ah~ We were born in 89.

316 Paul: Geureom hyeongineyo.

UNIT 10 ? Then youre my hyeong. (A males older brother) I suppose. (Lit. Thats right.) Then you should use panmal with me.(Lit. relax your speech). Is that alright? Of course.

Minjun: Geureoge. Paul: Geureom mal noeuseyo.

Minjun: Geuraedo dwaeyo? Paul: Geureomyo.

Vocabulary
. Korean (language) really [ good at+(exclamatory ending)] good at [ where+()(location particle)] where [ learn+(past tense ending)] learnt [(present tense form)] major in no wonder; so thats why well then; in that case now [ what school year] what school year is pronounced myeo-tang-nyeon. + 2 + 92 + am/are/is [ two school year] second year (at school/uni) [ am/are/is+ (polite soft ending)] is if by any chance; [ what year + born in] born in 92 polite ending, added to incomplete sentences, such as one-word answers, in casual speech

UNIT 10 ? [ we+(topic particle)] we [ am/are/is+(casual soft ending)] are older brother (of a male) [ am/are/is+(ending used when you have just realised something)] are ? thats right (You can) use less formal speech. Would that be okay?

317

[ of course+(polite ending, added to incomplete sentences, such as one-word answers, in casual speech)] yes certainly

Note 1: In Korea, students dont talk about studying Arts or Science, but identify themselves by their department. Note 2: Asking a person's age is quite common in Korea as they need to know the hierarchy and status for using right form of speech. Asking which year someone was born in is the most common way to ask about age. However, when people feel uneasy to ask someones age, they ask what Asian zodiac animal he or she is. As there are twelve zodiac animals, it isnt difficult to then guess the persons age. Note 3: Koreans would not normally thank a person for a compliment as in English, because it is considered immodest. Instead, they might say (I still cant do it well) or (far from doing it well). Example A: . B: . Your Korean is really good. I still cant do it well.

318

UNIT 10 ?

Expressing Your Age


There are two ways of expressing a persons age in Korean. 1. Pure Korean Number 2. Sino-Korean Number

The first way is normally used in everyday speech. The second is used in more formal situations, such as filling out forms: (1) . (2) : : 20 () . Susan is twenty years old. Name: Susan Age: 20 years

(Note that Sino-Korean numbers are more often written as digits.) The pure Korean numbers are provided below. Refer to Unit 9 for Sino-Korean numbers. 1 6 2 7 12 17 40 90 3 8 13 18 50 4 9 14 19 60 5 10 15 20 70

11 16 30 80

As previously noted, a modified form of , , , and is used in conjunction with counting nouns such as : , , , , . No other numbers are modified. Thus, you would say or .

UNIT 10 ?

319

Addressing Peers at School:


Between first and second year in university most Korean males spend about two years in the military () doing national service. This means that when they return to university for second year, they may be much older than others in the same level. These students are called or returning students. Younger students in the same year level would address respectfully because of their age, unless the level of intimacy between them allowed otherwise.

320

UNIT 10 ?

Education System in Korea


Education in Korea is considered very important and competition is great. School begins with kindergarten through primary school (excluding prep) and on to middle and senior high schools, which are separate unlike in Australia. Although only six years of primary school and three years of middle school are compulsory, most Koreans will also attend the three years of senior high school as well. Tertiary education consists of four years of University or two years of vocational collage. Unlike Australia, Korean Universities do not offer an Honours year although there are postgraduate schools where students can study Masters or a Ph.D. The school year is divided into two semesters for early schooling as well as tertiary education. The first semester begins in March and lasts until mid-July and the second from September 1st till late-December. Education System kindergarten primary school middle school senior high school university postgraduate school

Level of Study first year second year third year fourth year masters course Ph.D course

UNIT 10 ?

321

Task 1: ?
You are going to ask about the year of university and age of your classmates. First you should check the vocabulary list below to find how to say the level of study relevant to yourself. Now move around the class asking questions to the other students, filling in the table below. [ ] A: B: ? [ 3 ] . ? A: / [ 2 ] , [ 91 ] .

Note: Someone who was born in the year 2000 would have to say whereas someone born in 1987 can simply use the two last digits: . Level of Study first year second year third year fourth year masters course Ph.D course

Name ()

Level ()

Age ()

322

UNIT 10 ?

UNIT 10 ?

323

Situation Dialogue 2
Paul is asking Minjun how he knows Hyeonu. : : : : : : . , . , ? . ... ? , . , . ? : : : : . ? . ? .

Romanisation and Translation


Minjun: Geureom ijebuteo mal noeulge. Well, I will start using Banmal (less formal language) from now on. Paul: Ne, hyeong. Geunde hyeonurang, ani hyeonu hyeongirang eotteoke arayo? Minjun: High School dongchangiya. Paul: Dong mwoyo? Yes, Hyeong. Hey how do you know Hyeonu, I mean Hyeong Hyeonu? We are fellow alumni from high school. Fellow what? Oh, fellow alumni. We went to high school together. Minjun: Eo, dongchang Godeunghakgyo gachi danyeosseo.

324 Paul: A, geureokuna. Geunde hangugeseoneun eoneu daehak danyeosseoyo? Minjun: Korea Univ. Paul: Jeongongeunyo? Neon jeongongi mwonya? Paul: Gyeongjehago hangugeoyo. Minjun: Jeongongeun gyeongyeong.

UNIT 10 ? Oh, thats how. Hey, what Korean university did you go to? Korea University. And your major? Business management. Whats your major? Economics and Korean.

Vocabulary
+() + ? , well then; in that case [ now+ from] from now on I will use less formal language but; by the way older brother (for a male) with nah, I mean (used when correcting what you have just said) how [ know+(present tense ending)] know senior high school fellow alumni casual form of + [ what+?(polite ending)] what? together [ attend+(casual past tense ending)] attended ah, so its like that [ Korea+ in+(topic particle)] in Korea

UNIT 10 ? () () + what; which university (or )

325

[ attend+( polite past tense ending)] attended Korea University major business management economics and Korean (language)

Note: (banmal) is made up of , which means half and which means speech and refers to the casual form you have been studying.

326

UNIT 10 ?

Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments


Faculty of Arts Faculty of Science Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Law Faculty of Business Faculty of Education Department of Computer Science

Department of Media Communication Department of Political Science and Diplomacy Department of English Language and Literature Department of French Language and Literature Department of Korean Language and Literature Department of Korean Language Education Department of Asian Languages and Studies Department of Economics Department of Business Adminstration

Note: To talk about a particular Major of Study, the above vocabulary is used without (Department): (economics major).

UNIT 10 ?

327

Task 2: ?
Fill in the blanks of the example dialogue below with an appropriate response. If you dont know the name of your major in Korean, you can refer to the list of faculties and departments on the previous page. The department names can be made into subject names by taking off the . Now move around the class introducing yourself to the other students and filling in the table below. [ ] A: B: A: B: A: ? [ ](). ? [ ](). [ [ ] . ]/.

Name ()

Major ()

328

UNIT 10 ?

Word Contractions
Koreans, like Australians, like to shorten words by contracting them. This is particularly noticeable with university names as shown below: or (Australia) Victoria University University of Queensland Vic Uni UQ

It is also common to use contractions for the library names at university since there is usually more than one: (Main Library) (Science Library)

UNIT 10 ?

329

330

UNIT 10 ?

UNIT 10 ?

331

Situation Dialogue 3
Paul is asking Minjuns family details. : : : : : : ? ~ ? ... ? . . ? ? ? ... , . : : , . . . , .

Romanisation and Translation


Paul: Paul: Paul: Jibi seourieyo? Seoul eodiyo? Anieyo. Geunyang gunggeumhaeseoyo. Gajogeunyo? Da gachi sarayo? Are you from Seoul? Yeah. Where in Seoul? Sinsa Dong Why? No reason. Just curious. What about your family? Do you all live together? Family? Um My parents are in Daejeon, Im just living with my younger sister in Seoul. Oh. (Lit. So thats how it is.) Time has flown. (Lit. already this much.) I have to go. (Lit. I will go.) Ok, take care. (Lit. be careful on your way) Minjun: Eo~ Minjun: Sinsa-dong... Geunde wae?

Minjun: Gajok? Eum... Bumonimeun daejeone gyesigo, seoureneun yeodongsaenghagoman sara. Paul: Paul: A, geureokuna. Beolsseo sigani ireoke dwaenne. Jeo ga bolgeyo.

Minjun: Geurae, josimhaeseo ga.

332

UNIT 10 ?

Vocabulary
+ ? ? no reason [ house+(subject particle)] house Seoul am/are/is yeah [ where +(polite ending)] where? S(h)insa Dong but why? am/are/is not; no; no reason just [ curious() curious, so] its because Im curious ? [ family+ what about?] what about your family? [ all together] all together [ live+(present tense ending)] live [ parents+(honorific suffix)+(topic particle)] parents [ Daejeon+ in] in Daejeon [ there is/are + and] [+] is the honorific word used in place of but it does not have the meaning of to have. + [+ in+(topic particle)] in Seoul [ female younger sibling] younger sister [ with+ only] only with [ live+(casual present tense ending)] live

UNIT 10 ? , [ ah, like that +(exclamatory ending)] ah, so its like that. already time like this; (this much)

333

[ become+(past tense infix)+(ending, when you have just realised something)] I; me (humble) I have to go yes; okay take care in going

334

UNIT 10 ?

Vocabulary: Family
father mother son daughter husband wife grandmother grandfather (girls) elder sister (boys) elder sister (girls) elder brother (boys) elder brother younger brother younger sister first second third youngest child/sibling cousin uncle auntie by ones self

In Korea, the arrangement of family relationships is extremely important, and there is an elaborate system of kinship terms to describe the relationship you have to your relatives. So for example, there are different words for older brothers and sisters depending on your sex. These words for older sister and brother, / and /, are also commonly used between people who are not related. When you feel close to someone who is older than you, you can call him or her by the appropriate term for your sex. Koreans dont refer to or speak to people who are older than them using their given names. Koreans also distinguish between the fathers family and the mothers. The terms given above for grandparents, uncles and aunts only refer to the fathers family. If you were speaking about your mothers side, you would add the

UNIT 10 ?

335

word (meaning outside) in front of each of the terms: , , .

There are also other relationship terms without equivalent English designations. Some of these are: fathers elder brother wife of fathers elder brother fathers younger brother wife of fathers younger brother oldest older brother the younger of ones older brothers

A feature of modern Western families is the frequency with which people have second marriages. As a result, it is not uncommon to have stepbrothers and sisters. The way a Korean would refer to these would be to add the word in front of the corresponding kinship terms. For example, is a girls older stepbrother. To specify half-siblings, you would add the term instead: , . However, both these terms have a negative connotation in Korea as divorce continues to be stigmatized, despite becoming increasingly common.

336

UNIT 10 ?

Task 3: / ?
Ask your partner about his or her siblings. Circle the right kinship term in the cells below and write down their ages. [ ] A: / ? B: , / , . A: , ? B: . A: / ? B: . A: ? B: .

Relationship / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Age

UNIT 10 ?

337

Task 4: Word Check


Write down the Korean words next to their English equivalents. The first one has been done for you. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. /

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

father mother daughter son husband wife younger sister elder brother to a female elder sister to a male

10. elder sister to a female 11. elder brother to a male 12. younger brother 13. children

338

UNIT 10 ?

Honorific Subject and Topic Particles


When Koreans refer to their parents (and to seniors in general), they use honorific words as a mark of respect. You have already seen the way that verbs are modified in honorific speech. The subject and topic particles also have an honorific form. The subject particle +/ becomes + and the topic particle +/ becomes +. Subject Particle +/ + Topic Particle +/ + (Plain) (Honorific)

Examples: (1) . Mr Kim is busy these days.

(2)

Grandfather is reading the newspaper.

(3)

President Park has gone to America.

(4)

My mother has gone on a business trip.

(5)

Professor Lee is giving a lecture on Korean history.

(6)

President Kim met the Australian prime minister.

UNIT 10 ?

339

340

UNIT 10 ?

Possessive Pronouns
When we want to refer to the fact that something belongs to somebody in English, we use possessive pronouns such as my, our, your, his, her, and their. How you use the corresponding Korean words depends on styles of speech. This is illustrated in the following table: my Casual Humble Honorific * our * your * * his/her * whose *

Note that or is used instead of (your) in speaking because the pronunciation of (your) is very similar to (my). Examples: (1) A: B: ? . Whose book is this? Its my book.

(2)

A: B:

? .

Whose purse is this? Its mine.

However, in Korean you dont often use the 2nd or 3rd person possessive pronouns. In such cases you just link the item and persons name: (3) : ? : . . Young-jin, Is this your book? No, its my fathers.

UNIT 10 ?

341

As seen in (3), Koreans often use (our) when they mean (my). This reflects the importance of the group in Korean culture. A Korean will refer to his or her parents, school and company as , and respectively. A man may even refer to his wife as (lit. our house person). However, if you were talking about something which is yours personally and not the groups (other than your spouse!), you would use or , as in examples (1) and (2).

342

UNIT 10 ?

Vocabulary: Occupations
nurse public prosecutor police officer public servant miner teacher professor; lecturer soldier technician farmer dancer attorney secretary business man novelist poet chemist fisherman cook driver banker musician doctor writer politician judge painter; artist office worker

UNIT 10 ?

343

Task 5: ?
Use what you have learnt to talk about the members of your family and what they do with a partner.

Relationship

Occupation

344

UNIT 10 ?

+/ ? Would you mind telling me ?


Koreans can come across as a little rude to Westerners because they tend to ask very personal questions. However, these personal details are considered necessary in order to address people appropriately and use the correct level of politeness. These questions are also a strategy to establish areas of commonality between the speakers in order to build a relationship. The phrase ... +/ ? is a very useful phrase for asking strangers these kinds of personal questions. The phrase will also be used by somebody who needs to know your personal information as part of his or her job, such as a bank teller. Examples: (1) ? Could you give me your name please? (2) ? Would you mind telling me your age? (3) (4) ? ? Could you tell me your birthday? Could you give me your date of birth? (5) (6) (7) (8) ? ? ? ? May I have your address? Could you tell me your phone number? Could you tell me your height? Could you tell me your weight?

UNIT 10 ? (9) (10) (11) ? ? ?

345 Could you give me your occupation? Could you tell me your hobbies? Could you tell me your nationality?

If you were asking about a junior or a child, you would ask such questions in a more direct way such as: (12) ? When is your (younger) sisters birthday? (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) ? ? ? ? ? How tall is your (younger) brother? What is your mobile phone number? What year were you born? What year did you enter university? What is your address?

346

UNIT 10 ?

Task 6: Role Play


A: You are a bank teller. You work in the new accounts section. A customer wants to open a new account. Fill in the form below and show your partner what you have written when you finish. B: You are in a bank to open a new account. Answer the bank tellers questions. When finished, check that s/he has got all the information correct. [ ] A: B: . A: ? B: [ ]. A: ? B: [ ]. A: ? B: [ ], [ ]. A: ? B: [ ].

. . .

: : :

UNIT 10 ?

347

Task 7: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? /? A B . When is your birthday? When is your birthday? It's the B of A.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) year birthday 1 2 5 8 11 February May August November 3 6 9 12 March June September December 4 7 10

January April July October

Sino-Korean numbers up to 31 Listen to these people saying when their birthdays are. Circle the day of the month each person was born and write down the number of the dialogue next to it. Ready? Listen!

348

UNIT 10 ?

Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT) ? ? A/. /? A B C. (Honorific Expression) What is your name? What is your name? I'm A. When is your birthdate? It's the C of B (Year) A.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) name(colloquial form) written form of hundred honorific form of birthdate thousand

Sino-Korean numbers up to 2000

You will hear a dialogue in which a bank clerk is asking people names and birthdates for a new account. Write down their birthdates on the correct form below. Ready? Listen!

The last form (No. 6) is for you. The clerk will ask you your name and date of birth. Tell them to the clerk and write them down on the form. Ready? Listen!

UNIT 10 ?

349

Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT) ?, A. ?/ ? A(number) . ? A. Who is that person? She\he is A. What is his/her age? She/he is A years old. What is her/his occupation? It is A.

(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY) over there that person who age occupation lawyer computer engineer politician then counting unit for age doctor colloquial form of what

pure Korean numbers up to 40

is at a party and is asking her friend about people whom she does not know. Write down their ages and occupations in the appropriate blanks. Ready? Listen!

350

UNIT 10 ?

Sending a Text Message


As with English, Koreans like to use shortcuts and emoticons when sending a text message. Shortcuts help to minimize the number of characters used such as u = you in English. An emoticon is a character or collection of characters that show some sort of emotion, and is useful for replacing some aspect of the communication that would normally be conveyed through body language. Koreans use them so much that a recent study showed that when text messages did not include any emoticons, the recipient thought the sender was angry (>.<)! Examples: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (^o^) ^^ ^-^ ^__^ ^^ _ >_< >.< () () () () () () () () exam teacher mail sorry game Saturday laughing laughing laughing or excited happy or smiles happy or smiles happy or smiles happy or smiles crying angry angry

UNIT 10 ?

351

Task 10: Reading


1. Read the following text from beginning to end without stopping, even if you come across vocabulary that you dont know. Try to guess the meaning through the context. 2. If you still have words that you dont know after you have tried guessing from the context, ask your classmates. You will probably be able to understand most of the new vocabulary using this method. 3. Ask your teacher about any remaining unknown vocabulary.

. 87 , . 2 . . . , . ^-^ . . . . . . . . !

352

UNIT 10 ?

Vocabulary
+ 87 2 [ self introduction] self-introduction my [ name+(topic particle)] name am/are/is (formal style version of +/) [87 year born] born in 87 [ 22 (age)] twenty two years old 2nd year in school/uni [ uni+(location particle)] in university [ economics+ and] economics and [ Korean language+(object particle)] Korean [ major in(present tense form)] [ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I [ parents+(honorific suffix)+ and] parents and [ younger sister+(subject particle)] younger sister [ two (people counting noun)] two people [ have+(present tense ending)] has/have [ younger sister+(plural suffix)+(topic particle)] [ senior high school student+ am/are/is +(connector for adding extra information)] are senior high school students very [ cute+(present tense ending)] are cute [ hobby+(topic particle)] hobby [ Australia football] Australian football

UNIT 10 ? [ Sunday+(time particle)] on Sundays

353

[ friend+(plural suffix)+ with] with friends together [ football+(object particle)] football [ do(present tense form)] do/does [ rice with vegetables and meat+ and] bibimbap and [ spicy rice cake stew +(object particle)] tteokbokki [ like(present tense form)] like so; therefore [ restaurant+(to)] to restaurants often [ go+(present tense ending)] go [ sea+(object particle)] sea sometimes; occasionally [ sea+ on] on the sea [ water skiing+(object particle)] water skiing [ evening+ in+(topic particle)] in the evenings [ caf+ at] at a caf [ do casual work (present tense form)] do/does casual work [ tired(present tense form)] am/are/is tired but money [ need] need

354

UNIT 10 ?

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS

356

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS

Unit 1, Task 3
(Dialogue) 1 Seonyeong: , . Thomas: , .

Unit 1, Task 6
(Dialogue) 1: Thomas: , . Sumi: , .

(Dialogue) 2 Susan: .

(Thomas: L; Sumi S) (Dialogue) 2 Yeongjin: , . Susan: , .

Yeongjin: , . Susan: .

Yeongjin : .

(Dialogue) 3 Paul: . Sumi: . . Paul: . . Sumi: .

(Yeongjin: S; Susan: L) (Dialogue) 3 Paul: , . Teacher: , . (Paul: L; Teacher: S) (Dialogue) 4 Minseop: , . Amanda: , . (Minseop: L; Amanda: L)

(Dialogue) 4 Minseop: . . Amanda: , . Minseop: .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS

357

Unit 2, Task 2
1. 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 13. 15. 17. 19. 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 12. 14. 16. 18. 20.

Unit 2, Task 4
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -

Can you see a lighthouse? Well done. If not, try again.

Unit 2, Task 5
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -

Unit 2, Task 2
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -

Can you see a whale? Well done. If not, try again. Can you see the sun wearing sunglasses? Well done. If not, try again.

Unit 2, Task 3
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -

Unit 2, Task 7
1. 3. 2. 4. 6.

Can you see a yacht? Well done. If not, try again.

5.

358 7. 9. 8. 10.

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS (Dialogue) 2 : ? 2: , . : , ? 2: , . : , ? 2: , . : , ? 2: , .

11. 12. 13.

14. 15. 16. 18. 17. 19.

20. 21. 22.

Unit 3, Task 5
(Dialogue) 1 : ? 1: , . : , ? 1: , . : , ? 1: , . : , ? 1: , . : , ? 1: , . : , ? 1: , .

: , ? 2: , . : , ? 2: , .

(Dialogue) 3 : ? 3: , . : , ? 3: , . : , ? 3: , . . : , ? 3: , .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS

359

Unit 4, Task 3
(Dialogue) 1 : , . : , . ? : . : . .

: , . ? : . ? : .

Unit 5, Task 2
(Dialogue) 1 A : ?

(Dialogue) 2 : , . : , . ? : . : . .

B : .

(Dialogue) 2 A : ? B : .

(Dialogue) 3 A : ?

(Dialogue) 3 : , . : , . . : ? : . ? : .

B : .

(Dialogue) 4 A : ? B : .

(Dialogue) 5 A : ? B : .

(Dialogue) 4 : , . (Dialogue) 6

360 A : ? B : .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 1.A : ? B : .

(Dialogue) 7 A : ? B : .

2.A : ? B : .

3.A : ? (Dialogue) 8 A : ? B : . 4.A : ? B : . (Dialogue) 9 A : ? B : . 5.A : ? B : . B : .

(Dialogue) 10 A : ? B : .

6.A : ? B : .

7.A : ? (Dialogue) 11 A : ? B : . 8.A : ? B : . (Dialogue) 12 A : ? B : . 9.A : ? B : . B : .

Unit 6, Task 1

10.A : ?

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS B : .

361

: , , . : ?

11.A : ? B : .

: , . : ?

: , . 12.A : ? B : . (Dialogue) 4 : , .

Unit 6, Task 9
(Dialogue) 1 : ? ? : , . : ? : , . : ? : , .

: , . : ? : , . : ? : , .

Unit 6, Task 11
(Dialogue) 1 : , . : , .

(Dialogue) 2 : , . : , , . : ? : , . : ? : , .

: ? : , . : , ? : , .

(Dialogue) 2 : , .

(Dialogue) 3 : , .

: , , . : ?

362 : , . : , ? : , .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS (Dialogue) 2 I.O. : ? 2: .

(Dialogue) 3 (Dialogue) 3 : , . I.O. : ? 3: .

: , , . : ? (Dialogue) 4 I.O. : ? 4: .

: , : , ? : , .

(Dialogue) 5 I.O. : ?

(Dialogue) 4 : , . : , . : ? : , . : , ? : , .

5: .

(Dialogue) 6 I.O. : ?

6: .

Unit 7, Task 2, Part 2


(Dialogue) 1 I.O. : ?

Unit 7, Task 2, Part 1


(Dialogue) 1 I.O. : ? (Immigration Officer) 1: .

1: . I.O : ? 1: .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS (Dialogue) 2 I.O. : ? 2: . I.O : ? 2: .

363 I.O : ? 6: .

Unit 7, Task 4
(Dialogue) 1 : ?

(Dialogue) 3 I.O. : ? 3: . I.O : ? 3: .

detective : . : ? : .

(Dialogue) 4 I.O. : ? 4: . I.O : ? 4: .

: ? : . : ? : .

(Dialogue) 5 I.O. : ? 5: . I.O : ? 5: .

: ? : .

(Dialogue) 2 : ? :

(Dialogue) 6 I.O. : ?

. : ? :

6: .

364 . : ?

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS .

: . : ? : . : ? : .

(Dialogue) 4 : ? : . : ? : . : ? :

(Dialogue) 3 : ? : . : ? : . : ? : . : ? : . : ? :

. : ? : . : ? : . : ? : .

Unit 8, Task 3
1. A : ? B : , . 2. A : ?

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS B : , . 3. A : ? B : , . 4. A : ? B : , . 5. A : ? B : , . 6. A : ? B : , . 7. A : ? B : , . 8. A : ? B : , . 9. A : ? B : , . 10. A : ? B : , . 11. A : ? B : , . 12. A : ? B : , . 13. A : ? B : , . 14. A : ? B : , . 15. A : ? B : , . (Dialogue) 2 (; in a small supermarket) : . : ? 16. A : ? B : , . 17. A : ? B : , . 18. A : ? B : , . 19. A : ? B : , . 20. A : ? B : , .

365

Unit 8, Task 8
(Dialogue) 1 ( ; in a fruit shop) : . : ? : , . : ? : , . : , .

366 : , . : ? : , . . : , .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 17. 20. 18. 19.

Unit 8, Task 11
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 10. 8. 9.

(Dialogue) 3 ( ; in a bottle shop) : . : ? : , . : ? : , . . : , . (Dialogue) 3 (Dialogue) 2 : . : .

Unit 8, Task 14
(Dialogue) 1 : . : .

Unit 8, Task 10
1. 4. 7. 10. 2. 5. 8. 3. 6. 9.

: . ? : .

Unit 9, Task 1
11. 12. 13. 16. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 14. 15.

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 7. 10. 8. 11. 9.

367

: . : .

12. 15. 18. 21.

13. 16. 19. 22.

14. 17. 20.

: ? : .

(Dialogue) 2 : .

Unit 9, Task 2
1. 4. 7. 10. 2. 5. 8. 3. 6. 9.

: . : . : ? : .

Unit 9, Task 3
1. 4. 7. 10. 2. 5. 8. 3. 6. 9.

(Dialogue) 3 : . : . : .

11. 14. 17. 20.

12. 15. 18.

13. 16. 19.

: ? : .

(Dialogue) 4 : .

Unit 9, Task 6
(Dialogue) 1 : .

: .

368 : . : ? : .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 9.A : ? B : .

10.A : ?

Unit 9, Task 8
1. A : ? B : .

B : .

11.A : ? B : .

2.A : ? B : . 12.A : ? B : . 3.A : ? B : .

Unit 9, Task 13
1. : ? 1 : .

4.A : ? B : .

2. : ? 5.A : ? B : . 3. : ? 6.A : ? B : . 3 : . : , ? 7.A : ? B : . 4. : ? 8.A : ? B : . 4 : . : ? 3 : . 2 : .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 4 : . : , . . 9. A : ? B : .

369 B : .

Unit 10, Task 7


1. A : ? B : .

10. A : ? B : .

11. A : ? 2. A : ? B : . 12. A : ? 3. A : ? B : . B : . B : .

Unit 10, Task 8


4. A : ? B : . (Dialogue) 1 A : ? B : . 5. A : ? B : . A : ----. ? 6. A : ? B : . B : .

7. A : ? B : .

(Dialogue) 2 A : ? B : .

8. A : ?

A : ----.

370 ? B : .

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS ? B : .

The last form is for you. The (Dialogue) 3 A : ? B : . A : ----. ? B : . clerk will ask you your name and birthdate. Tell them to her and write them down on the form. (Dialogue) 6 A : ? B : _________________. A : ? (Dialogue) 4 A : ? B : . A : ----. ? B : . B : _______ _______ ______.

Unit 10, Task 9


1. : ? : . : ? : .

(Dialogue) 5 A : ? B : . A : ----.

: ? : .

2. : ,

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS ? : . : ? : . : ? : .

371

3. : , ? : . : ? : . : ? : .

4. : , ? : . : ? : . : ? : .

372

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS

APPENDIX

374

APPENDIX

Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables


An asterisk (*) following a word in the table is used to indicate an exception to the conjugation rule. For example, is the Honorific form of eat (not ). Where headings do not distinguish between a question or statement form, the same form is used for both. An x indicates that the conjugation for that cell is not applicable. For example, there is no formal Honorific form of (cheap), , because the subject of the sentence would not be a human being and therefore we cannot use an honorific form. A q following a word in the table is used to indicate that the form given only applies to questions. For example, ? can only be used to say Do you find it delicious? and not That food is delicious, because the subject of the sentence is not a human being and therefore we cannot use an honorific form.

The Korean words for handsome, old (human being), old (things), thin (people) and ugly are often used with , so this has been added to the stems of each (stem+):

+ + + + +

APPENDIX

375

For certain perception words such (interesting) and (tired), the Honorific statement form(+) cannot be used for third persons. Therefore, this form has been omitted from the tables, where the +/ form can be used as the alternative. (hate; dislike) is listed under the title of adjectives since it is an adjective in Korean and does not follow the same conjugation rules as a verb. Instead of dictionary form, the verb or adjective stem has been provided in the following appendices. Therefore, you will need to add to the stem to look up a particular word in the dictionary. For example, would appear under .

376

APPENDIX

Special Conjugation Rules of Verb & Adjective


rule When the stem ends in , the is removed when the next syllable starts with a vowel. For example, (build) becomes ( build) and (if you build).

Rule

When the stem ends in , the is removed when the next syllable starts with a vowel . For example, becomes (listen).

rule

When the stem ends in , the is removed when the next syllable starts with , , , , or . For example, (long) becomes (is long) and (because its long).

rule

When the stem ends in , the changes into before + and before +. For example, becomes (help) and becomes (beautiful).

rule

When the stem ends in , the is deleted when the next syllable starts with a vowel. For example, (big) becomes (is big) and (sick) becomes (is sick).

rule

When forming the +/ form of stems that end in , is deleted and +/ are added to the stem. For example becomes (cut) and becomes (sing).

rule

For stems ending in , can be found instead of in some formal writing.

APPENDIX rule

377

When the adjective stem ends in , the is deleted when the next syllable starts with or . For example, becomes (ifis blue).

The following rules are less common: rule When forming the +/ form of (go) to give a command, is used.

rule

When forming the +/ form of (come) to give a command, is used.

rule

When forming the + or + form of some stems such as and , + and + are used instead. For example, (reach so that); (is blue so that).

rule

When forming the + or + form of some stems such as , is deleted. For example (scoop up and).

378

APPENDIX

Appendix 1: Copular be
Present Tense (is and are)
Casual Question Casual Question Casual Polite Honorific

be

+? +?

+? +? ?

+ +

+ +

+ +

be not

Past Tense (was and were)


Casual Question Casual Question Casual Polite Honorific

be

+? +?

+? +? ?

+ +

+ +

+ +

be not

Future Tense (will be)


Casual Question Casual Question Casual Polite Honorific

be

(+ ) +

(+ ) +

+ +

be not

With +() ending


Present Past Future (Suppostition)

be

(+()) +()

+() +() x

(+ ()) + () ()

be not

()

APPENDIX

379

Formal Statement

Formal Statement Honorific

Formal Question

Formal Question Honorific

be

(+) +

+ +

(+?) +? ?

+? +? ?

be not

Formal Statement

Formal Statement Honorific

Formal Question

Formal Question Honorific

be

+ +

+ +

+? +? ?

+? +? ?

be not

Formal Statement

Formal Statement Honorific

Formal Question

Formal Question Honorific

be

(+ ) +

+ +

be not

With + ending
Present Past Future (Suppostition)

be

+ +

+ +

(+ ) +

be not

380

APPENDIX

Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings


Stem Casual Question +? Casual Question +? Casual (Polite) +/() Honorific +()

ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order

() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

* *

APPENDIX

381

Formal Statement +/

Formal Statement Honorific +()

Formal Question +/?

Formal Question Honorific +()?

* *

* *

382
Stem Casual Question +? Casual Question +? Polite +/

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

* *

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/? Formal Question Honorific +()?

383

* *

* *

384

APPENDIX

Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings


Stem Casual Question +/? Casual Question +/? Casual (Polite) +/() Honorific +()

ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order

() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

* *

APPENDIX

385

Formal Statement +/

Formal Statement Honorific +()

Formal Question +/?

Formal Question Honorific +()?

* *

* *

386
Stem Casual Question +/? Casual Question +/? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

* *

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/?

387
Formal Question Honorific +()?

* *

* *

388

APPENDIX

Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings


Stem Casual +() ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order Polite +() Honorific +()

() ()

* *

APPENDIX

389

Formal Statement +()

Formal Statement Honorific +()

Formal Question +() ?

Formal Question Honorific +() ?

* *

* *

390
Stem Casual +() play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write Polite +()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

* *

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +() Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +() ? Formal Question Honorific +() ?

391

* *

* *

392

APPENDIX

Appendix 5: Verb with +()()?; +()(),


Stem Shall we? +()() ? ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order I want to / Do you want to? +()()

() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX

393

+()()?; +()?; +()(),+


Would you like to? (Honorific) +()? Would you like to? (Honorific Formal) +()? I will +()() I will (Very Polite Formal) +

* *

* *

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

394
Stem Shall we? +()() ? play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write

APPENDIX
I want to / Do you want to? +()()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX
Would you like to? (Honorific) +()? Would you like to? (Honorific Formal) +()? I will +()()

395
I will (Very Polite Formal) +

* *

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

396

APPENDIX

Appendix 6: Verbs with +; +


Stem Lets + and +

ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order

() ()

APPENDIX

397

Stem play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write

Lets +

and +

398

APPENDIX

Appendix 7: Verbs with +(),+/()


Stem and / but (present) +() and / but (past) +/() and / but (future) +() ()

ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order

() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX

399

& +() ()
Stem and / but (present) +() and / but (past) +/() and / but (future) +() ()

play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

400

APPENDIX

Appendix 8: Verbs with +(),+/()


Stem Its because (present) +() Its because (past) +/() Its because (future) +() ()

ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order

() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX

401

&+() ()
Stem Its because (present) +() Its because (past) +/() Its because (future) +()

play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

402

APPENDIX

Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings+/,+/,


Stem ask build buy call choose clean come cook dance do draw drink eat give go go regularly help leave listen live marry meet order Present +/ Past +/ Future +()

() ()

APPENDIX

403

+() ; +(); +(); +()


Shall we? +()? I want to +() I will +()

404
Stem play quit (job) quit (smoking) read rest sing sit down sleep smoke speak stand up start study swim take (vehicle) talk wait walk watch wear wear (shoes) work write Present +/ Past +/

APPENDIX
Future +()

APPENDIX
Shall we? +()? I want to +() I will +()

405

406

APPENDIX

Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings


Stem Casual Question +? Casual Question +? Casual (Polite) +/() Honorific +()

afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold(thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q q

APPENDIX

407

Formal Statement +/

Formal Statement Honorific +()

Formal Question +/?

Formal Question Honorific +()?

x x x x

408
Stem Casual Question +? Casual Question +? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine(weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun )

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q q

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/? Formal Question Honorific +()?

409

410
Stem Casual Question +? Casual Question +? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people) old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim

+ +

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q x q

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/? Formal Question Honorific +()?

411

x x x

412
Stem Casual Question +? Casual Question +? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall tasteless thick thin (people) thin (thing) thirsty tired ugly warm weak wide young

+ +

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q q q

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/?

413
Formal Question Honorific +()?

x x x

414

APPENDIX

Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings


Stem Casual Question +/? Casual Question +/? Casual (Polite) +/() Honorific +()

afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold (thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q q q

APPENDIX

415

Formal Statement +/

Formal Statement Honorific +()

Formal Question +/?

Formal Question Honorific +()?

x x x

416
Stem Casual Question +/? Casual Question +/? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine (weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun )

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q q q

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/?

417
Formal Question Honorific +()?

x q x

418
Stem Casual Question +/? Casual Question +/? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people) old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim

+ +

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

* x q

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/?

419
Formal Question Honorific +()?

x x x

420
Stem Casual Question +/? Casual Question +/? Casual (Polite) +/()

APPENDIX
Honorific +()

slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall tasteless thick thin (people) thin (thing) thirsty tired ugly warm weak wide young

+ +

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

q q q

APPENDIX
Formal Statement +/ Formal Statement Honorific +() Formal Question +/?

421
Formal Question Honorific +()?

x x x

422

APPENDIX

Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings


Stem Supposition Casual +() Supposition Polite +()

afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold(thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious

APPENDIX

423

Supposition Honorific +()

Supposition Polite Formal +()

Supposition Honorific Formal +()

424
Stem Supposition Casual +()

APPENDIX
Supposition Polite +()

difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine(weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun )

APPENDIX
Supposition Honorific +() Supposition Polite Formal +() Supposition Honorific Formal +()

425

426
Stem Supposition Casual +()

APPENDIX
Supposition Polite +()

interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people) old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim

(future) + (supposition) (future) + (supposition)

APPENDIX
Supposition Honorific +() Supposition Polite Formal +() Supposition Honorific Formal +()

427

* x

/ *

* x

428
Stem Supposition Casual +()

APPENDIX
Supposition Polite +()

slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall tasteless thick thin(people) thin(thing) thirsty tired ugly warm weak wide young

+ +

APPENDIX
Supposition Honorific +() Supposition Polite Formal +() Supposition Honorific Formal +()

429

430

APPENDIX

Appendix 13: Adjectives with +; +()


Stem afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold(thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious and + Exclamation

+() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX

431

Stem difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine(weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun )

and +

Exclamation

+() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

432
Stem interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people) old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim and +

APPENDIX
Exclamation

+() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

+ +

APPENDIX
Stem slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall tasteless thick thin(people) thin(thing) thirsty tired ugly warm weak wide young and + Exclamation

433
+() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

+ +

434

APPENDIX

Appendix 14: Adjectives with +()(),


Stem and / but (present)

+()()
afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold(thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious

and / but (past) +/()

and / but (future) +() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX

435

+() & +() ()


Stem and / but (present)

+()()
difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine(weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun )

and / but (past) +/()

and / but (future) +() ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

436
Stem and / but (present) and / but (past) +/()

APPENDIX
and / but (future) +() ()

+()()
interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people)

() () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () ()/ ()

old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim

() () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX
Stem and / but (present) and / but (past) +/()

437
and / but (future) +() ()

+()()
slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall tasteless thick thin(people) thin(thing) thirsty tired ugly warm weak wide young

+ +

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

438

APPENDIX

Appendix 15: Adjectives with +(),


Stem Its because (present) +(). Its because (past) +/() Its because (future) +() ()

afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold(thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX

439

+/() & +() ()


Stem Its because (present) +(). Its because (past) +/() Its because (future) +() ()

difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine(weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun )

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

440
Stem Its because (present) +(). Its because (past) +/()

APPENDIX
Its because (future) +() ()

interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people) old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim

+ +

() () () () () () () () () ()() ()() () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () ()/ () () () () () () () () () () () ()

APPENDIX
Stem Its because (present) +(). slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall tasteless thick thin(people) thin(thing) thirsty tired ugly warm weak wide young Its because (past) +/()

441
Its because (future) +() ()

+ +

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () ()

442

APPENDIX

Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings


Stem afraid bad beautiful big boring bright busy cheap clean close cloudy cold(thing) cold complicated cool cute dangerous dark deep delicious Present +/ Past +/ Future / Supposition +()

APPENDIX

443

+/, +/, +()


Stem difficult diligent dirty easy expensive far fat fine(weather) fun (enjoyable) good handsome happy happy hate/dislike heavy high hot hot (spicy) hot (temperature) interesting (fun ) Present +/ Past +/ Future / Supposition +()

444
Stem interesting (attention) kind lazy light long low narrow noisy numerous old (people) old (thing) pretty quick quiet sad salty shallow short sick slim Present +/ Past +/

APPENDIX
Future / Supposition +()

+ +

APPENDIX
Stem slow small small (quantity) smart strong tall thick thin(people) thin(thing) thirsty tired tasteless ugly warm weak wide young Present +/ Past +/

445
Future / Supposition +()

+ +

446

APPENDIX

Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes


+/ + +/ + +/ +/ (honorific) (honorific) Topic Particles (after nouns, pronouns) Subject Particles (after nouns, pronouns) Object Particles (after nouns, pronouns) Direction Particles (with people) + (honorific) Source Particles to (a person) . . from (a person) . + Destination Particle to (a location) . + () Dictection Particle to, towards . + Location Particle in; at; on . + Location Particle (with action verb) + Time Particle in; at; on . In; at; on . + Rate and Ratio Particle per 2000 . + () Instrument Particle by means of . + Possessive Particle + ...+ Delimiter Particles 's from ... to (distance) + + Delimiter Particles from ... to (time) + Delimiter Particle only 10 + (with negative) Delimiter Particle only; no more than 10 . . . . . .

+()/()

APPENDIX
+ Delimiter Particle each, every, all + Emphasis Particle also, too + (+) + (+) + (+) + Plural Suffix Combined Emphasis Particles students + +/ +() + () Conjunction Particles (between nouns) + Comparision Particle Conjunction Particles (between nouns) and with or rather than, compared with Reasons because of

447

448

APPENDIX

Appendix 18: Korean Editing Symbols & Handwriting Sheet


Korean Editing Symbols
Symbols or or Meaning Add a space Delete a space Delete Example

or or

or

Insert

or

Replace

or

Replace

or

Change word order Cannot understand

Surname:

Given Names:

page

of

240 blocks

Korean Keyboard Layout

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