Pulmonya ]Ang pulmonya o pamamaga ng baga (Ingles: pneumonia)[1][2], binabaybay ding pulmunia o pulmuniya,[2] baga o karamdaman ng baga at ng sistemang

respiratoryo. Ang baga ay naglalaman ng maraming maliliit na mga bulbo, mga bumbilya, o mga sako na tinatawag na mga alveolus (isahan) o alveoli (maramihan). Nakakatulong ito sa pag-alis ng oksiheno mula sa hangin. Sa kaso ng pulmonya, ang mga sako ay nagiging maga. Napupuno sila ng mga pluwido, at hindi makasipsip ng sapat na oksiheno, hindi katulad ng dati. Maaaring dulot ang pulmonya ng bakterya, birus, punggus, o parasito. Maaari rin itong sanhi ng kimikal o pisikal na pinsalang nagawa sa mga baga. Maaari ring magresulta sa pulmonya ang ibang mga karamdaman, katulad ng pag-abuso sa alak o alkohol o kanser sa baga. Ang mga taong may pulmonya ay karaniwang nahihirapan sa paghinga. Maaari rin silang umuubo, o may nararamdamang hapdi sa lugar ng dibdib. Ang paglulunas ng pulmonya ay naaayon sa kung ano ang sanhi ng karamdaman. Kapag dulot ng bakterya, magagamit ang antibiyotiko upang gamutin ito. dahilan Ang mga sintomas ng nakakahawa pneumonia ay sanhi ng paglusob ng mga sa mga baga sa pamamagitan ng microorganisms at sa pamamagitan ng tugon ng immune system upang ang impeksiyon. Kahit na higit sa isang daang mga strains ng mikroorganismo ay maaaring maging sanhi ng pneumonia, lamang ng ilang ay responsable para sa karamihan ng mga kaso. Ang pinaka-karaniwang sanhi ng pneumonia ang mga virus at bakterya. Mas karaniwang sanhi ng nakakahawa pulmonya ay mga fungi at parasites. Pulmonya Paggamot Karamihan sa mga kaso ng pneumonia ay maaaring itinuturing nang walang ospital. Karaniwan, ang oral antibiotics, pahinga, fluids, at pangangalaga ng bahay ay sapat na para sa kumpletong resolution. Gayunpaman, ang mga tao na may pneumonia na nagkakaroon ng problema sa paghinga, ang mga tao na may iba pang mga problemang medikal, at ang mga matatanda ay maaaring mangailangan ng mas advanced na paggamot. Kung ang mga sintomas makakuha ng mas masahol pa, ang pulmonya ay hindi mapabuti sa paggamot sa tahanan, o mga komplikasyon nangyari, ang tao ay madalas na hospitalized. What are the symptoms? Symptoms of pneumonia caused by bacteria usually come on quickly. They may include:
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Cough. You will likely cough up mucus (sputum) from your lungs. Mucus may be rusty or green or tinged with blood. Fever. Fast breathing and feeling short of breath.

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Shaking and "teeth-chattering" chills. You may have this only one time or many times. Chest pain that often feels worse when you cough or breathe in. Fast heartbeat. Feeling very tired or feeling very weak. Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea.

How is pneumonia diagnosed? Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam. He or she may order a chest X-ray and a blood test. This is usually enough for your doctor to know if you have pneumonia. You may need more tests if you have bad symptoms, are an older adult, or have other health problems. In general, the sicker you are, the more tests you will have. Pneumonia - Exams and Tests Your doctor will usually diagnose pneumonia with:
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Your medical history. A physical exam. A chest X-ray, which is almost always done to check for changes in the lungs that may mean pneumonia and to look for other causes of your symptoms. But an X-ray does not always show whether you have pneumonia, especially if it is done when you first get sick. In some cases, the X-ray results may: o Suggest the type of organism (bacterial, viral, or fungal) causing pneumonia. o Show complications of pneumonia. o Show conditions that may occur with pneumonia, such as fluid in the chest cavity or a collapsed lung. o Reveal another condition, such as heart failure, lung cancer, or acute bronchitis.

Other tests Recommended Related to Lung Disease/Respiratory Problems Coughing Up Blood (Hemoptysis) Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) can be a sign of a serious medical condition. Infections, cancer, and problems in blood vessels or in the lungs themselves can be responsible. Coughing up blood generally requires medical evaluation unless the hemoptysis is due to bronchitis. Read the Coughing Up Blood (Hemoptysis) article > > The need for more tests often depends on how severe your symptoms are, your age, and your overall health. In general, the sicker you are, the more tests you will have. This is especially true for older adults and infants.

Mucus test. If you are very ill, have severe shortness of breath, or have a condition that increases your risk (such as asthma or COPD), your doctor may test your mucus. Tests include a Gram stain and a sputum culture. Rapid urine test. This test can identify some bacteria that cause pneumonia. This can help guide treatment for pneumonia. Pneumonia - Prevention There are a number of steps you can take to help prevent getting pneumonia.
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Stop smoking. You're more likely to get pneumonia if you smoke. Avoid people who have infections that sometimes lead to pneumonia. o Stay away from people who have colds, the flu, or other respiratory tract infections. o If you haven't had measles or chickenpox or if you didn't get vaccines against these diseases, avoid people who have them. Wash your hands often. This helps prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria that may cause pneumonia.

Vaccinations Vaccines to help prevent pneumonia are available. The vaccine for children is called the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The vaccine for older adults (age 65 or older), people who smoke, and people who have some long-term (chronic) conditions is called the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV). The pneumococcal vaccine may not prevent pneumonia. But it can prevent some of the serious complications of pneumonia, such as infection in the bloodstream (bacteremia) or throughout the body (septicemia), in younger adults and those older than age 55 who have a healthy immune system.6, 7 Other vaccines can prevent common diseases that sometimes lead to pneumonia, such as:
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Measles. Vaccination of children for measles can prevent most cases of measles. Adults may need to be vaccinated against measles if they have not had the disease or were not vaccinated during childhood. Flu. Yearly flu shots may keep you from getting the flu. The flu often can lead to pneumonia, especially in older adults or in people who have other long-term (chronic) diseases. The flu shot can be given at the same time as the pneumococcal vaccine but in a different arm. Chickenpox. The chickenpox shot (varicella-zoster vaccine) can prevent most cases of pneumonia caused by the virus that causes chickenpox. Consider getting a shot if you are older than 13 and have not had chickenpox.

Pneumonia - Home Treatment Home treatment is important for recovery from pneumonia. The following measures can help you recover and avoid complications:
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Get plenty of rest. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Take care of your cough if it is making it hard for you to rest. A cough is one way your body gets rid of the infection. And you should not try to stop your coughing unless it is severe enough to make breathing difficult, cause vomiting, or prevent rest. Consider taking acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) or aspirin to help reduce fever and make you feel more comfortable. Do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 20 because of the risk of Reye syndrome.

Your doctor may want to see you after a week of treatment to make sure you are getting better. Be sure to contact your doctor if you do not feel better, your cough gets worse, you have shortness of breath or a fever, you feel weak, or you feel faint when you stand up. Cough and cold medicines Be careful with cough and cold medicines. They may not be safe for young children or for people who have certain health problems, so check the label first. If you do use these medicines, always follow the directions about how much to use based on age and weight. Always check to see if any over-the-counter cough or cold medicines you are taking contain acetaminophen. If they do, make sure the acetaminophen you are taking in your cold medicine plus any other acetaminophen you may be taking is not higher than the daily recommended dose. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much you can take every day. Pneumonia - Medications Doctors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia caused by bacteria. There are many types of antibiotics. Your doctor will decide which antibiotic will work best for you. In most cases, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics without first identifying the exact organism causing the illness. Medication Choices Antibiotics for Pneumonia Although experts differ on their recommendations,8, 9 the first antibiotic used is usually one that kills a wide range of bacteria (broad-spectrum antibiotic). All antibiotics used have a high cure rate for pneumonia.5

Types of Pneumonia Pneumonia is named for the way in which a person gets the infection or for the germ that causes it. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs outside of hospitals and other health care settings. Most people get CAP by breathing in germs (especially while sleeping) that live in the mouth, nose, or throat. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. Most cases occur during the winter. About 4 million people get this form of pneumonia each year. About 1 out of every 5 people who has CAP needs to be treated in a hospital. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Some people catch pneumonia during a hospital stay for another illness. This is called hospitalacquired pneumonia (HAP). You're at higher risk of getting HAP if you're on a ventilator (a machine that helps you breathe). HAP tends to be more serious than CAP because you're already sick. Also, hospitals tend to have more germs that are resistant to antibiotics (medicines used to treat pneumonia). Health Care-Associated Pneumonia Patients also may get pneumonia in other health care settings, such as nursing homes, dialysis centers, and outpatient clinics. This type of pneumonia is called health care-associated pneumonia. Other Common Types of Pneumonia Aspiration Pneumonia This type of pneumonia can occur if you inhale food, drink, vomit, or saliva from your mouth into your lungs. This may happen if something disturbs your normal gag reflex, such as a brain injury, swallowing problem, or excessive use of alcohol or drugs. Aspiration pneumonia can cause pus to form in a cavity in the lung. When this happens, it's called a lung abscess (AB-ses).

Atypical Pneumonia Several types of bacteriaLegionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumonia, and Chlamydophila pneumoniaecause atypical pneumonia, a type of CAP. Atypical pneumonia is passed from person to person.

Symptoms of Pneumonia
Call your doctor immediately. Even with the many effective remedies, early diagnosis and treatment are important. Follow your doctors may advice. In a serious cases, your doctor may advise a hospital stay. Or recovery at home may be possible. Continue to take the medicine your doctor prescribes until told you may stop. This will help prevent recurrence of pneumonia and relapse. Remember even though pneumonia can be treated with herbal and homeopathic remedies, it is an extremely serious illness.

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