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Table of Contents
What Is Debate?...................................................................................................2The Elements of Debate..................................................................................3-6Cheat Sheet/Helpful Hints..................................................................................7 Flow-Style Summary of Constructive and Rebuttal Speeches................8-9Flowing Tips...........................................................................................................10Symbols..................................................................................................................11Sample Speeches & Sample Flow...........................................................12-13Introduction to Delivery..............................................................................14-15Transitions, Signposting, and Roadmaps........................................................16Cross-Examination........................................................................................17-20Case Attacks.........................................................................................................21Disadvantages...............................................................................................22-23 Answering Disadvantages..................................................................................24Topicality.........................................................................................................25-26 Answering Topicality.....................................................................................27-28Critiques..........................................................................................................29-30 Answering Critiques............................................................................................31Running Counterplans........................................................................................32 Answering Counterplans....................................................................................33How to Give Good Rebuttals............................................................................34The First Negative Rebuttal..............................................................................35The First Afrmative Rebuttal..........................................................................36The Second Negative Rebuttal.................................................................37-38The Second Afrmative Rebuttal.....................................................................39Strategic Considerations for Rebuttals...........................................................40Checklist for Winning and Losing.............................................................41-42Debate Rap Sheet........................................................................................43-44Generic Abbreviations.........................................................................................44Cutting Cards and Citing Evidence.................................................................45Guidelines for Brieng........................................................................................46 A Sample Brief.....................................................................................................47 Glossary: Boring Words You Need to Know............................................48-56
 
Barkley Forum Emory National Debate Institute Debate Manual Page 2
What Is Debate?
Debate is about change. We are constantlyengaged in a struggle to make our lives, ourcommunity, our country, our world, our future, abetter one. We should never be satised with theway things are now - surely there is somethingin our lives that could be improved. Debateis that process which determines how changeshould come about. Debate attempts to justifychanging the way we think and live. In the realworld, debate occurs everyday on the oor of the United States Senate and the United StatesHouse of Representatives. Debate occurs at theUnited Nations, the faculty meetings at yourschool, and at your dining room table. Theprocedures for these debates may differ, but theprocess is the same - discussion that resolvesan issue which will determine whether changeis good or bad. The United Nations debatedwhether or not the Iraq invasion of Kuwaitwas good or bad; the faculty meetings debateschool policies; you may recently have debatedwith your parents after dinner about the size of your allowance or when you can begin to driveyour own car.In the classroom, we will attempt to “for-malize” this debate process.1. You will work with a partner. You and yourpartner form a “debate team”. Sometimesyou will have to be for the issue (the afr-mative) and sometimes you will have to beagainst the issue (negative). In any instance,you will have plenty of time to get ready forthe debate.2. You will deliver speeches in a format that isunique to debate. The speeches are calledconstructives and rebuttals. Each personon each team will speak twice. There areafrmative constructives and negative con-structives. There are afrmative rebuttalsand negative rebuttals.3. You will learn rules and techniques thatwill seem strange to you. The way we learnhow to debate may at rst seem difcult.But once you take on the challenge, youwill begin to understand its relationshipto debating. The most difcult part of de-bate is the rst few weeks, after that it getseasier and easier once you have learned therules.4. We will debate only one resolution. Mostof our emphasis will be on competitive ortournament debating. In order to competeat tournaments and to give the debaterssufcient time to prepare, a standard topicor resolution is used all year. Hundreds of high schools at this very minute are begin-ning to research and debate the very sameissues and ideas that you are. The resolutiondetermines the debate area. From this areathere can be thousands of issues so that allof the debates are never the same and arealways changing.5. Those students that want to be challengedcan participate in debate tournamentsagainst other high schools during the schoolyear.
 
Are You Ready toGive It a Try?
 
Barkley Forum Emory National Debate Institute Debate Manual Page 3
The Debate Tournament
Debate tournaments are held so that students from various schools can gather and competein order to determine who has a superior plan to solve a problem that exists within the presentsystem. When one arrives at the tournament location, it is generally a good idea to wait in themain lobby or in the student center where the pairings are posted. It is relatively easy to locate thisplace by following the largest crowd of people. The pairings or schematics are lists indicating theteams that are debating, the room number, and the judge. There is a different pairing for everyround. Generally, the debate rounds occur in classrooms. After one reads the pairing, it is a wiseidea to nd the assigned room as soon as possible so as not to delay the tournament. Maps areoften available to help nd the location of the rooms.When both of the teams and the judge arrive in the room, the round begins. Most students donot have a clear idea of what to do in the rst few debate rounds. When unsure about procedures,one should not hesitate to ask the judge for help. Eventually one becomes more comfortable de-bating and the nervousness will subside.
There are usually ve or six preliminary rounds in a tournament. All teams present at the tour-nament participate in these rounds. Sometimes, there are also elimination rounds. Generally thetop sixteen teams advance to the elimination rounds. Once elimination rounds begin, the teamwho wins a debate round advance while the other team is eliminated from the tournament. Theteams with the best record in the preliminary rounds advance to the elimination rounds. A novicecan benet greatly by watching the more experienced debaters in these rounds.Also, updating research and practicing speech skills are a must for success.
Explanation of the Resolution
The purpose of the resolution is to limit the debate. The resolution al-lows for an even distribution of ground for both the afrmative and negativeteams. For example, the resolution for the 1993 season was Resolved: that thefederal government should guarantee comprehensive national health insuranceto all US citizens. The purpose of the resolution is to set the year’s problemarea. The problem area is the situation that the afrmative team is attempt-ing to solve. From the example, one can see that the problem area is healthinsurance. The intent of the afrmative team would be to solve the problemarea. To solve the problem area, in this example, the afrmative would haveto provide health insurance for American citizens.
Stock Issues and the Resolution
The stock issues are the ve afrmative burdens that have traditionally been used to show thatthe afrmative case is a good example of the resolution. These stock issues are prima facie, thatis, the afrmative must meet these burdens to win the round because the burden of proof lies withthe afrmative.
Topicality 
Topicality is the stock issue that insures that the afrmative team stays within the frameworkof the resolution. Any violation, or failure to meet a particular word, of the resolution proves that
The Elements of Debate
(Adapted From the Peach State Debate Classic Handbook)
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