E. irene (XXXVIID 2002 STUDIA GRAECA ET LATINA (Archaeologica) PrahaEirene XXXVI, 2002, pp. 167-201 Bronze Drinking Vases Bearing Dedicatory Inscriptions ATHANASIOS SIDERIS Athens In this paper! I present four bronze vases: two kylikes and one skyphos from Dodona as well a small kantharos from Divritsa in Gortynia. One kylix and the skyphos belong to the Carapanos Collection of the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, where the Divritsa kantharos is also kept. The second Aylix is now in the Archaeological Museum of Ioannina. A. The Kylikes of “the Panaitios Group” The Aylikes belong to a very homogenous group, to which is often referred as related to the “ancient” acrocups. In reality however the group described below represents a distant stadium in their evolution. Thus, Mertens speaks about the group in relation to the silver cups from the Seven-Brothers burrow. Vierneisel and Kaeser see on it the continuity of a type, well known in pottery and from iconographical sources of the beginning of the 5" century, which they call “Knickwandschale”2 They also seem to believe this group being an evolution of the “later” acrocups known in silver and pottery, though there are many points on which they differ. The “later” acrocups have a strongly out-turned rim; a marked ‘| would like here to express my gratitude to my former professor, Prof. Dr. Jan Bouzek, DrSc., who first introduced me to the complex questions of Greek toreutics. The study of these vases has been possible thanks to the kindness of Mrs Angelika Ntouzougli (Archaeological Museum, Ioannina) and Mrs Rosa Proskynitopoulou (National Archaeo- logical Museum, Athens). I am also greatly indebted to my colleague, Dr. Eleni Zymi, for her valuable suggestions. 2 Mertens 1976, p. 81; VIERNEISEL ~ Kaeser 1992, pp. 179-181, fig. 29.3, 9-10. The cups from the Seven Brothers’ tumuli have been published by Goraunova 1971; most recently see Vickers 1999, pp. 9-10, fig. 3-4, pl. 3.1-2, 167ATHANASIOS SIDERIS shoulder divides the body in two parts, of which the lower is ribbed; they lack a ring on the stem. In turn the cups in our group always have an almost flat bot- tom and very short walls, usually slightly concave in profile. This bowl shape is so simple, that could hardly evolve after its emergence in early 5" century. On the contrary, the handles and the stem follow the changes, which may be observed on several types of kylikes, kantharoi and kantharoide cups.4 The handles become more elongated and gracious, with long leaf-shaped decoration on the attach- ments. The hollow stem of the cups in our group becomes higher. It is regularly supplied with a plastic ring in the middle of its height and the base profile forms a more or less elaborated torus. Its flattened top forms a disc, on which the bowl is soldered. The handles curve up to the lip and terminate in a triangular projec- tion looking inwards. A nerve is running from the centre of the attachments to the middle of the handles. The four parts (bowl, stem, handles) of each cup have been separately cast and then soldered together. The bowl and the stem have been fin- ished on a lathe. The second Dodona cup represents the sole known exception, The bottom of its bow! is reshaped by hammering. Furthermore, its walls are not concave but straight in profile. The Dodona examples have lost their stems and handles and they were not identified as cups (> figs. 1-2). In the initial publications by Carapanos and Evangelidis both cups are called phialae.’ Nevertheless a minute observation of the bottom reveals on both traces of the soldering of the foot and handles (circu- lar traces in the centre of the underside of the bowl and leaf-shaped traces on its periphery) (> figs. 3-4). The bowl of the Evangelidis’ cup, reshaped by hammer- ing, is preserved in poor condition. It was corroded and broken in many pieces, from which is now again restored and placed on its original foot, found together with the bowl, but until now unpublished (> fig. 5). Another stem, in the Carapanos Collection, may belong to the second cup, since its upper diameter * For one silver and several clay “late” acrocups see: Puarmakowskt 1910, col. 219-20, fig. 18-19; Caskey 1963, pp. 90-1; Git 1986, p. 12, fig. 5-9. * Most of the questions concerning the typological evolution of metal kantharoi and cups from the late 5 to the early 3" century BC are discussed in my PhD dissertation: Swweris, A., Les vases @ boire en métal dans le monde grec aux 6, 5° et 4 sidcles av. J-C. (Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 1995), unpublished. The first is kept in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, inv. Kar. 437, diam, rim 13.4 cm, diam, bottom 11.3 em, height of the rim 2 cm, length of the traces of the handle attachments 5.2 cm, diam. of the trace of the stem soldering 3.4 cm, rim thickness 3.3 mm, bottom thickness 1,8-2.8 mm, dark green patina. The second is in the Archacological Museum of Joannina, inv. 160, height of the rim 2.5 em, diam. rim 12.5 em, diam. bottom of the bowl: 10.6 cm, upper stem diam. 3.5 cm, height of the stem 4.9 cm, diam. stem base: 6.4 cm, bowl damaged on the bottom periphery, dark green patina. See SIDERIS 2000, fig. 12 Bronze Drinking Vases Bearing Dedicatory Inscriptions corresponds to the trace observed under the bottom of this cup.° Furthermore the proportion of the bow! restored on this stem creates the impression of an equili- brated shape comparable to similar cups found intact (> fig. 6). : The sketch, which accompanies the brief description of Carapanos, is mis- leading, because it flattens the walls of the cup in order to make readable the pointillé inscription, running in their interior (> fig 7).’ This inscription reads AYTATA@IAAE All NAIQI and farther AYTOKPATIAAY Al NAQI, which means “Autagathidas [dedicated this cup] to Zeus Naios” and “Autokratidas [dedicated this cup] to Zeus Naos”. i i Evangelides observed the soldering traces on the cup discovered sixty years after the one found by Carapanos, but he interpreted them as silvered decorative motives.® The material he took for silver is in reality tin (Sn), which when used with lead (Pb), permits to obtain very fusible soldering. The Evangelides’ cup bears also a dedicatory pointillé inscription, this time on the exterior of the walls. It reads IANAITIOE: @APEAAIOE AIT and farther NAIQI: ANEOHKE and means “Panaitios the Pharsalian dedicated [this cup] to Zeus Naios” (> fig. 8). I propose to name the whole group “Panaitios group”, after the worshiper from Pharsala. i All the other cups of the Panaitios group are conserved almost intact, but for the tips of the handle attachments, which have sometimes been broken. Their distribution covers the Greek mainland and Macedonia. One of them, found in Corinth (> fig. 9) is now in Berlin and two from Galaxidi are in London (> figs. 10-11). Another one, also in London, may be, after the British Museum register, the cup found in Ithaca and published by Stackelberg (> fig. 12).!" A kylix, which © National Archaeological Muscum, inv, Kar. 824, upper diam. 3.3 em, lower diam. 5.8 cm, height 5.1 cm: Carapanos 1878, p. 85, n° 4, pl. 42.6. Carapanos 1878, p. 44, n? 12, pl. 24.6. ® EvaNcELIpIs 1935, p. 229, n° 7, fig. a-b. ® a) London, British Museum, inv. 1878.10-12.1. Unpublished, height 8.6 cm, height of the rim 2.1 cm, diam. rim 12.6 cm, width with handles 21.6 cm, diam. stem base 6.3 em, bowl thickness 1-1.5 mm, dark green patina with brown corrosion spots, the bottom of the bow! is strongly damaged. Siveris 2000, fig. 11. b) London, British Museum, inv, 1882,10-9.23. Unpublished, height 7.1 em, diam. rim 11.1 cm, height of the rim 1.8 cm, height (included handles) 7.7 cm, width with handles 20.3 em, diam. stem base 4.9 cm, rim thickness 1.6 mm, bowl thickness 1.5 mm, shining olive-green patina. : : : c) Berlin, Antikenmuseum, inv, Mise. 7264, diam. rim: 11.5 em, width with han- dies: 20 cm, HEILMEYER 1988, p. 177, n° 3; VierneiseL ~ Kaeser 1992, p. 181, fig. 29.11 ca. 300 BC). ‘ oa London, British Museum, inv. 1873.8-20.193, formerly Castelani Collection, Rome. Diam. rim 12.6 cm, height (handles included) 9.1 em, width with handles 22.7 em, diam. 169