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THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
1.
1. Using silence
Using silence–
– utilizing absence of
utilizing absence of
communication
communication
2.
2.Accepting
Accepting – giving indication of reception;
– giving indication of reception;
indicating that the nurse has hear and is willing to
indicating that the nurse has hear and is willing to
hear what the client says.
hear what the client says.
“Yes”
“Yes”
“Uh hmm”
“Uh hmm”
“I follow what you said”
“I follow what you said”
3.
3. Giving recognition
Giving recognition – acknowledging indicating
– acknowledging indicating
awareness.
awareness.
“Good morning,
“Good morning,Mr
MrS.”
S.”
“ I notice that you combed your hair”
“ I notice that you combed your hair”
4.
4. Offering self
Offering self – making oneself available;
– making oneself available;
introducing self and identifying relationship.
introducing self and identifying relationship.
“I’ll sit with you awhile”
“I’ll sit with you awhile”
I’ll stay here with you”
I’ll stay here with you”
5.
5. Giving Broad Openings
Giving Broad Openings- allowing the patient
- allowing the patient
to take the initiative in introducing the topic; using
to take the initiative in introducing the topic; using
open-ended questions that provide opportunity for
open-ended questions that provide opportunity for
the client to introduce topic.
the client to introduce topic.
“Is there something you would like to
“Is there something you would like to
talk about?”
talk about?”
“What are you thinking about?”
“What are you thinking about?”
“Where would you like to begin?”
“Where would you like to begin?”
6.
6. Offering General Leads
Offering General Leads…giving
…giving
encouragement to continue.
encouragement to continue.
“Go on.”
“Go on.”
“And then?”
“And then?”
“Tell me about it.”
“Tell me about it.”
7.
7. Placing the Event in Time or in Sequence
Placing the Event in Time or in Sequence…
…
clarifying the relationship of events in time.;
clarifying the relationship of events in time.;
assessing time frame and sequence of an event
assessing time frame and sequence of an event
over time.
over time.
“Was this before or after…?”
“Was this before or after…?”
“When did this happen?”
“When did this happen?”
8.
8. Making Observations
Making Observations…verbalizing what is
…verbalizing what is
perceived; verbalizing what nurses sees in client’s
perceived; verbalizing what nurses sees in client’s
appearance and behaviors
appearance and behaviors
“You appear tense.”
“You appear tense.”
“I notice that you’re biting your lips.”
“I notice that you’re biting your lips.”
“It makes me uncomfortable when
“It makes me uncomfortable when
you…
you…
9.
9. Encouraging Description of Perceptions
Encouraging Description of Perceptions–
–
asking the patient to verbalize what he perceives;
asking the patient to verbalize what he perceives;
having the client describe his/her view of an event
having the client describe his/her view of an event
or experience.
or experience.“Tell me when you feel anxious”
“Tell me when you feel anxious”
“What is happening”
“What is happening”
“ What does the voice seem to be
“ What does the voice seem to be
saying”
saying”
10.
10. Encouraging Comparison
Encouraging Comparison – asking that
– asking that
similarities and differences be noted.
similarities and differences be noted.
“Was this something like…?
“Was this something like…?
“Have you had similar experience?”
“Have you had similar experience?”
11
11. Restating
. Restating – repeating the main idea
– repeating the main idea
expressed.
expressed.
Patient: “I cant sleep. I stay awake all
Patient: “I cant sleep. I stay awake all
night”
night”
Nurse: “You have difficulty sleeping?”
Nurse: “You have difficulty sleeping?”
12
12. Reflecting
. Reflecting – directing back to the patient
– directing back to the patient
questions, feelings and ideas.
questions, feelings and ideas.
Patient: “Do you think I should tell
Patient: “Do you think I should tell
the doctor?”
the doctor?”
Nurse: “Do you think you should?”
Nurse: “Do you think you should?”
13.
13.Fo cus ing
Focusing – concentrating on single point
– concentrating on single point
“This point seems worth looking at more
“This point seems worth looking at more
closely.”
closely.”
14.
14.Explorin g
Exploring – delving further into a subject or
– delving further into a subject or
idea
idea
“Tell me more about that..”
“Tell me more about that..”
“Would you describe it more fully?”
“Would you describe it more fully?”
15
15. Giving Information-
. Giving Information- making available the
making available the
facts that the patient needs.
facts that the patient needs.
“My name is….”
“My name is….”
“Visiting hours are…”
“Visiting hours are…”
16
16. “Seeking Clarification”
. “Seeking Clarification” – seeking to make
– seeking to make
clear that which is not meaningful or that which is
clear that which is not meaningful or that which is
vague; trying to clear up confusion about
vague; trying to clear up confusion about
events or people.
events or people.
“I’m not sure that I follow.’
“I’m not sure that I follow.’
“What would you say is the main point of
“What would you say is the main point of
what you said?”
what you said?”
17
17. Presenting Reality
. Presenting Reality – offering for
– offering for
consideration that which is real; giving a realistic
consideration that which is real; giving a realistic
explanation of what the client says or hears.
explanation of what the client says or hears.
“I see no one else in the room”
“I see no one else in the room”
“ Your mother is not here, I’m a
“ Your mother is not here, I’m a
nurse”
nurse”
18.
18. Voicing Doubt
Voicing Doubt – expressing uncertainty as to
– expressing uncertainty as to
the reality of the patients perception; gently
the reality of the patients perception; gently
questioning the reality of the clients perception.
questioning the reality of the clients perception.
“Isn’t that unusual?”
“Isn’t that unusual?”
“Really?”
“Really?”
19.
19. Seeking Consensual Validation
Seeking Consensual Validation – searching
– searching
for mutual understanding for accord in the
for mutual understanding for accord in the
meaning of the words; two or more people
meaning of the words; two or more people
achieving
achieving
agreement of interpretation of an
agreement of interpretation of an
event, behavior or issue.
event, behavior or issue.
“Tell me whether my understanding of it
“Tell me whether my understanding of it
agrees with yours..”
agrees with yours..”
20.
20. Verbalizing the Implied
Verbalizing the Implied – voicing what the
– voicing what the
patient has hinted at or
patient has hinted at or
suggested.
suggested.
Patient: “ I can’t talk to you or to
Patient: “ I can’t talk to you or to
anyone. It’s a waste of time.”
anyone. It’s a waste of time.”
Nurse : “Is it your feeling that no
Nurse : “Is it your feeling that no
understand you?”
understand you?”
21.
21. Encouraging Evaluation
Encouraging Evaluation – asking the patient
– asking the patient
to appraise the quality of his experience.
to appraise the quality of his experience.
“ What are your feelings in regard to”
“ What are your feelings in regard to”
22.
22. Attempting to translate into feelings
Attempting to translate into feelings-
-
seeking to verbalize the feelings that are being
seeking to verbalize the feelings that are being
expressed only indirectly.
expressed only indirectly.
Patient: “I’m dead”
Patient: “I’m dead”
Nurse: Are suggesting that you feel
Nurse: Are suggesting that you feel
lifeless? Or is it that life seems without
lifeless? Or is it that life seems without
meaning?”
meaning?”
23.
23. Suggesting Collaboration
Suggesting Collaboration – offering to share,
– offering to share,
to strive, to work together with the patient for his
to strive, to work together with the patient for his
benefit.
benefit.
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