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Dtermineretconfigurerlesparamtres dumatriel
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
Dtermineretconfigurerlesparamtresdumatriel
Description : Les candidats doivent tre capables de dterminer et de configurerlematrieletlespriphriquessousGNU/Linux. Termes,fichiersetutilitairesutiliss:
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
lspci:lespriphriquesattachsaubusPCI
$lspci 00:00.0Hostbridge:IntelCorporationMobile4SeriesChipsetMemoryControllerHub(rev07) 00:01.0PCIbridge:IntelCorporationMobile4SeriesChipsetPCIExpressGraphicsPort(rev07) 00:1a.0USBController:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)USBUHCIController#4(rev03) 00:1a.1USBController:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)USBUHCIController#5(rev03) 00:1a.2USBController:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)USBUHCIController#6(rev03) 00:1a.7USBController:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)USB2EHCIController#2(rev03) 00:1b.0Audiodevice:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)HDAudioController(rev03) 00:1c.0PCIbridge:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)PCIExpressPort1(rev03) 00:1c.1PCIbridge:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)PCIExpressPort2(rev03) 00:1c.3PCIbridge:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)PCIExpressPort4(rev03) 00:1d.0USBController:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)USBUHCIController#1(rev03) 00:1d.1USBController:IntelCorporation82801I(ICH9Family)USBUHCIController#2(rev03)
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
lsusb
$lsusb Bus008Device005:ID03f0:2b17HewlettPackardLaserJet1020 Bus008Device004:ID04f2:b008ChiconyElectronicsCo.,Ltd Bus008Device001:ID1d6b:0002LinuxFoundation2.0roothub Bus007Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1roothub Bus006Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1roothub Bus005Device003:ID15d9:0a4c Bus005Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1roothub Bus004Device002:ID1058:0704WesternDigitalTechnologies,Inc. Bus004Device001:ID1d6b:0002LinuxFoundation2.0roothub Bus003Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1roothub Bus002Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1roothub Bus001Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1roothub
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
/proc/ioports:portsentressortiesdisponibles
Obtenirlalistedesportsd'entre/sortie $cat/proc/ioports 0000001f:dma1 00200021:pic1 00400043:timer0 00500053:timer1 00600060:keyboard 00640064:keyboard 00700077:rtc0 0080008f:dmapagereg 00c000df:dma2
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
/proc/interrupts
Obtenirlalistedetouteslesinterruptionsdetouslespriphriques:
$cat/proc/interrupts CPU0CPU1 0:303284309287IOAPICedgetimer 1:955833IOAPICedgei8042 8:2726IOAPICedgertc0 9:34063219IOAPICfasteoiacpi 12:6951IOAPICedgei8042 16:15451535IOAPICfasteoiuhci\_hcd:usb2,ohci1394,mmc0 17:98IOAPICfasteoiHDAIntel 18:00IOAPICfasteoiuhci\_hcd:usb8 19:11971200IOAPICfasteoiehci\_hcd:usb1,uhci\_h
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
/proc/dma
ObtenirlalistedescanauxDMA(DirectMemoryAcess)encoursdutilisation. $cat/proc/dma 4:cascade
TraiNux,FilialeLPIauMaghreb
/proc
Pseudosystmedefichiersdinformationssurlesystme:
Partitions:/proc/partitions Processeur:/proc/cpuinfo ArgumentspasssaunoyauLinuxlorsduboot:/proc/cmdline Lesquantitsdemmoires(physiqueetswap)libresetutilises: /proc/meminfo InformationssurlapileTCP/IP:/proc/net
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Sysfsou/sys
SysfsestunsystmedefichiersvirtuelintroduitparlenoyauLinux2.6. Sysfspermetd'exporterdepuisl'espacenoyauversl'espaceutilisateurdes informationssurlespriphriquesdusystmeetleurspilotes. /sys/class/:montrelespriphriquesregroupsenclasses, /sys/block/:contientlespriphriquesdetypebloc. /sys/bus/:lamaniredontchaquepriphriqueappartientauxdiffrentsbus. ...
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USB(UniversalSerialBus)
Apparuen1990, Conuparunconsortiumrunissantdiffrentsconstructeurs Objectif:Interconnecterensriedenombreuxpriphriques(camrasvido, systmesaudio,modemshautevitesse,disques,imprimantes,...). LestandardprsentsurtouslesPC. L'USBestplugandplay Connexions/dconnexionschaud. Peutalimenterlaplupartdespriphriquesquiluisontraccords.
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USB:Contrleurs
UHCI:UniversalHostControllerInterface OHCI:OpenHostControllerInterface EHCI:EnhencedHostControllerInterface
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Dmarragedusystme
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Dmarragedusystme
Description:Lescandidatsdoiventtrecapabledecomprendrelesphases d'amoraged'unsystmeLinux. Termes,fichiersetutilitairesutiliss:
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BIOS(BasicInputOutputSystem)
Interfacelogicielleentrelematrieletlelogicielunniveautrsbasique. Ilfournitlensembledesinstructionsdebaseutilisesparlesystme dexploitation. Ilfournitleniveaudinterfaceleplusbasauxpilotesetpriphriques. PrsentsurunemmoireEEPROM(ElectricalErasableProgrammableRead OnlyMemory) Dclenchequandlordinateurestlectriquementallum,. LeBIOSlitetexcutelepremiersecteurphysiquedumdiadedmarrage.Il sagitgnralementdes512premiersoctetsdupremierdisquedur(leMBR).
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BIOS:configuration
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Chargeurdedmarrage
LeBIOSactiveleMBR Lechargeurestdcomposendeuxparties. Lechargeurinitial:chargelasecondephase,basesurunfichierde configuration. Lasecondephasefournituneinterfacepourlancerunsystme dexploitationparmiunchoixdonn. PasserdesparamtresaunoyauLinuxetauprocessusinit.
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GRUB:GrandUnifiedBootloader
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/etc/grub.confou/boot/grub/menu.lst timeout=10 default=0 titleRedHat root(hd0,0) kernel/vmlinuz2.6.1215roroot=LABEL=/ initrd/initrd2.6.1215.img titleWindowsXP rootnoverify(hd0,1) chainloader+1
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init Initestlepremierdmarretdernierstoppauseindu systme,PID1 initestlepredetouslesautresprocessusquiserontcrspar l'appelsystemfork() initlitlefichier/etc/inittabpoursavoir: quelestlefichierexcuterpourcontinuerlechargementdu systme quelestlerunlevel(niveaud'excution)pardfault commentlancerlesservicespourunrunleveldonn
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Modificationdesniveauxd'excutionetarrtouredmarrage dusystme
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Modificationdesniveauxd'excutionetarrtouredmarragedu systme
dusystme Termes,fichiersetutilitairesutiliss:
Description:Modificationdesniveauxd'excutionetarrtouredmarrage
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Lepremierscript
Aprslechargementdunoyau,lescriptcorrespondantsysinitdansfichier inittabestcharg: SousRedHat:si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit SousDebian:si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS Rle: Configurationdesparamtresdunoyauprsentsdans/etc/sysctl.conf Miseenplacedesfichierspriphriques(/devviaudevparexemple). Configurationdelhorlogedusystme. Chargementdestablesdecaractresduclavier. ActivationdespartitionsdchangeSWAP. Dfinitiondunomdhte. Contrleetmontagedusystmedefichiersracine(enlecturecriturecette fois). Contrleetmontagedesautressystmesdefichiers.
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Niveauxd'excution
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Lescriptrc
/etc/init.d/rcprendcommeargumentleniveaudexcutionxselon:
initdefault Oulacommandeinit(telinit)
/etc/init.d/rcx
Accdeaurpertoire/etc/rcn.dcontenantdesliensdelaforme[SK]NNservice
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runlevel,init,telinit
runlevel:Afficherleniveaud'excutionprcdentetactuel. #runlevel 35
Initoutelinit:Changerleniveaud'excution
$lsl/sbin/telinit lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot4jan816:41/sbin/telinit>init #init3 #init1
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Arrt
shutdown.
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