Quiz Bits 1

Subject: Digital Communication Branch: 3rd B.Tech, ECE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The system which does not require Synchronization is

a) Delta b) PCM c) PDM 2. One chief advantage of Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation over PCM is a) its high S/N ratio b) its high efficiency c) it can handle voice, at about half the bit rate

3. In delta modulation, in order to keep S/N ratio nearly constant, the step size is kept small but
increases as the input signal a) increases b) decreases c) remains unaffected

4. In continuous variable slope delta modulation, the squaring circuit makes

a) the gain of the feedback amplifier to increase with signal amplitude b) power to vary linearly with input signal variations c) both of these

5. One chief advantage of CVSD as compared to PCM is that it is not suitable for
a) frequency sharing among multiple channels b) time sharing among multiple channels a) much smaller a) has less complex circuitry c) requires 8 dB less power a) Delta modulation a) delta modulation a) improvement in (S/N) a) amplitude of the pulse a) increased bandwidth a) reduces the aperture time a) thermal noise a) weak signals b) PDM b) PDM b) same c) none of these c) much larger b) compares most favorably with ideal system

6. As compared to message bandwidth, the PCM bandwidth is 7. As compared to ideal communication system, the PCM system

8. Near threshold, the pulse system which gives most superior performance is
c) PCM c) PCM c) both of these

9. Regeneration capability are found in 10. In PCM, increasing the transmitted power beyond threshold value of (S/N) leads to
b) no improvement in (S/N) b) width of the pulse

11. In PCM, only decision at the receiver is required to be made is about the
c) presence of the pulse c) none of these c) none of these

12. In PCM, the high noise immunity is achieved with

b) decreased bandwidth b) increases the aperture time c) white noise c) all types of signals

13. A sample and hold circuit placed before A/D converter 14. In PCM, quantization noise appears as
b) shot noise

15. Non uniform quantization is used for

b) strong signals

16. For weak signals, the step size is reduced for A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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a) smaller sample amplitudes

b) large sample amplitudes

c) all sample amplitudes

17. One chief advantage of Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation over PCM is a) its high S/N ratio b) its high efficiency c) it can handle voice, at about half the bit rate 18. In PCM system, if the bandwidth of a channel is increased, the S/N ratio would a) decreases b) remains unaffected c) increases 19. To generate PCM, the signal is sampled and converted into a) PWM b) PPM c) PAM 20. In PCM, for 128 standard quantizing levels, the maximum error will be a) 1/128 of the total amplitude range b) 1/256 of the total amplitude range c) 1/64 of the total amplitude range 21. An audio channel which may require an analog bandwidth of 4 KHz when transmitted by a PCM system would require a bandwidth of a) 4 KHz b) 32 KHz c) 64 KHz 22. The PCM system employs a) FDM b) TDM c) either of these

23. Compander performs on a signal a) compression before modulation c) both of these

b) expansion after demodulation

24. The quantization error is a function of

a) intervals between levels a) lower a) before transmission b) higher b) signal amplitude c) none of these c) both of these c) all signals greater c) both of these c) both of these

25. For smaller signals, the signal to quantizing noise ratio is 26. A Compander compresses the range of signal amplitudes
b) at the receiving end 27. Compander essentially makes amplitudes of a) weak signals greater b) weak and strong signals closer

28. A Compander has a

a) compressor at transmitting end rapidly if A/N is a) increased a) pronounced system is a) pulse rate a) decreases a) transmitted power b) expander at the receiving end

29. In PCM, A is the pulse amplitude and N represents Gaussian noise. The error probability decreases
b) kept constant b) significant c) decreased c) negligible

30. In PCM, if (S/N) exceeds a certain error threshold, the effect of random noise becomes 31. As random noise is a limitation on conventional analog systems, the basic limitation on coded
b) transmission power b) remains constant b) no. of quantum levels c) quantization effect c) increases c) both of these
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32. The post detection S/N ratio for PCM increases when the number of quantum levels 33. The post detection S/N ratio is governed only by A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Balaji Institute of Technology & Science

34. In PCM, wide band noise reduction occurs because quantization noise decreases as the number of
quantum levels a) increases a) linear a) code a) 8 KHz b) decreases b) exponential b) synchronization b) 16 KHz c) remains unaffected c) uniform c) both of these c) 28 KHz

35. For noise reduction in PCM, the exchange of bandwidth for S/N ratio is 36. The detection of PCM requires a knowledge of, 37. The bandwidth required for transmitting 4 KHz signal using PCM with 128 quantizing levels is 38. In a PCM system there are 256 quantizing levels, and pulse allocation width of 0.625sec. many
messages each of bandwidth 4 KHz are simultaneously transmitted on a single channel. The number of pulses per code group is a) 3 b) 4 c) 8

39. In the above question, the time period of each code group is
a) 0.625sec a) 5sec a) 10 a) less b) 2.5sec b) 2.5sec b) 15 b) same c) 5sec c) 125sec c) 25 c) more

40. In the same question, the time period between two samples is 41. In the same question, the no. of messages that can be transmitted is 42. As compared to FDM, the terminal equipment in TDM is
43. In Delta modulation, the binary output pulses has polarity which depends upon the difference between the modulating signal and a) reference signal b) feedback signal corresponding to the history of the signals previously sent c) none of these 44. In Delta Modulation, slope over load occurs when the modulating signal changes a) less rapidly than the encoder can flow b) more rapidly than the encoder can flow c) none of these 45. In Delta Modulation, slope overload can be delayed by a) increasing the sampling frequency b) increasing the step size c) either of these

46. In an PCM system, to transmit voice frequencies below 3 KHz, seven bits are used for each sample
coded at one of 128 permitted signal levels. Total no. of bits transmitted is a) 3000 bits/sec b) 6000 bits/sec c) 42,000 bits/sec

47. In the above question, minimum bandwidth required is

a) 7 KHz a) decreased b) 14 KHz b) kept constant c) 21 KHz c) increased b) it suppresses the cross talk
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48. The quantization error is reduced as the number of quantization levels are 49. The advantage of guard time between pulses is that
a) it increases the efficiency of transmission

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Balaji Institute of Technology & Science

c) message can be reconstructed with practical filter

50. To transmit a 4 KHz audio signal over a PCM channel, the sampling rate should be at least
a) 4000 samples/sec of coded pulses per second is a) v/fs a) channel synchronization a) sine wave b) 8000 samples/sec c) 16000 samples/sec

51. If v is the no. of pulses in each code group in PCM, and fs is the sampling frequency, then the no.
b) v fs b) frame synchronization b) white noise c) (1-v) fs c) none of these c) pulse wave c) better performance in presence of noise

52. In 24-channel PCM, the synchronization bit or s-bit is added to do 53. The measurement of quantization noise, the signal used is
54. The main advantage of PCM is a) less bandwidth b) less power d) possibility of multiplexing 55. The main disadvantage of PCM is a) large bandwidth b) large power 56. The main advantage of DM over PCM a) less bandwidth b) less power a) twice of their originating frequencies c) their originating frequency

c) complex circuitry c) better S/N ratio b) carrier frequencies

d) quantization noise d) simple circuitry

57. In base band transmission, the signals are transmitted at

58. Base band pulses travel

a) in space a) 100 bps b) in waveguides b) 300 bps c) 800 bps b) satellite links b) 1000 to 5000 bps b) error control coding c) both of these c) computer to computer links c) 109 bps c) along wires

59. The base band pulse signals can be sent over wire pairs of a few miles in length at speeds of up to 60. Most digital transmission presently is via
a) telephone voice circuits a) 800 bps a) regeneration

61. Digital transmission via standard telephone voice circuits has top speeds of 62. In contrast to analog transmission, digital system can employ 63. Synchronous digital signals
a) do not require any timing coordination at transmitter and receiver b) require timing coordination at transmitter and receiver c) none of these

64. Design wise, which of the following digital signals are more complicated?
a) asynchronous signals b) unipolar signals c) synchronous signals

65. A quaternary signal is derived by

a) grouping the binary digits in blocks of two b) using polar pulses for symbol transitions c) none of these c) information
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66. A baud is a unit of

a) channel capacity b) signaling speed

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Balaji Institute of Technology & Science

67. For 8-level system, there are

a) one bit per baud b) three bits per baud c) eight bits per baud

68. Data transfer rate represents

a) transmission speed of the digital information b) conversion speed from analog to digital c) average no. of bits, character or blanks transferred per unit time.

69. In digital transmission, impulse noise can cause-loss of

a) digital signal b) S/N ratio c) synchronization b) converting analog to digitals and vice versa

70. Modems are used for

a) modulating digital signals c) either of these a) sine pulse a) equal to that of polar binary

71. The function which satisfies Nyquist first criterion is

b) sinc pulse b) half of polar binary c) triangular pulse c) twice that of polar binary

72. To achieve the same error probability, the transmitted power of an unipolar binary should be
73. The output SNR in a DM system for a 1 KHz sinusoid sampled at 32 KHz without slope overload and followed by a 4 KHz post-reconstruction filter is given as a) 30.6 dB b) 8 dB c) 24.9 dB d) 20 dB

74. Binary data is transmitted using PSK signaling scheme with S1(t) = A cos ct, S2(t) = -A cos ct,

0 t Tb where bit duration Tb is equal to 0.2 nsec. The carrier frequency f c = 5fb. the carrier amplitude at the receiver input is 1mv and the PSD of the AWGN at the input is 10-11 W/Hz. The probability of error for an optimum filter will be a) erfc 5.5 b) (erfc 5) c) erf 5.5 d)1/2(erf 5) W/Hz and the amplitude of the received signal in the absence of noise is 1V. The average probability of symbol error will be a) erf(6.6) b) erf(6.6) c) erfc(2.45) d) erfc(2.45)

75. In an FSK system, the transmitted binary data rate = 2.5 Mbps, PSD of zero mean AWGN = 10-2

76. In a system using k repeaters, if the S/N ratio is to be kept at original value; the transmitted power
per station must a) increases linearly with k b) decreases linearly with k c) remains the same

77. In ASK, the transmission bandwidth is equal to

a) base band bandwidth b) twice the base band bandwidth c) four times base band bandwidth

78. The advantage of coherent detection is

a) simplicity of circuitry a) simplicity of circuitry b) less vulnerability to noise b) less vulnerability to noise c) none of these c) none of these

79. The advantage of envelop detector is 80. In coherent detection of ASK, ASK signal is
a) frequency translated by carrier frequency and passed through a low pass filter b) multiplied with local oscillator and passed through a low pass filter c) none of these

81. Low speed modems for data rates below 1200 bps employ
a) ASK b) PSK c) FSK
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A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Balaji Institute of Technology & Science

82. In differential PCM, each word indicates a) difference between a sample amplitude and a reference signal b) difference in amplitude between a sample and previous sample 83. In data transmission, the gross source rate dictates a) error probability requirements b) signaling speed c) both of these

c) none

84. In contrast to analog transmission, the aim in digital transmission is to reproduce a) the message waveform b) the message information c) both of these 85. In data transmission, the transmission reliability dictates a) signaling requirements b) volume of data transmitted c) error probability requirements

86. Analogous to analog systems, signaling speed in digital transmission is equivalent to a) SNR b) bandwidth c) none of these 87. Companding is used in PCM to a) reduce bandwidth c) increase S/N ratio b) reduce power d) get almost uniform S/N ratio b) it does not have low error probability

88. The disadvantage of FSK is that

a) it doesnt provide sufficient S/N ratio c) it is not efficient in its use of spectrum space a) ASK signals of different carrier frequencies c) FM signals of different carrier frequencies.

89. In essence, FSK wave is two or more interleaved on-off

b) PSK signals of different phases

90. The disadvantage of coherent FSK detection is that

a) it leads to high signal fading b) it requires two synchronized oscillators c) both of these c) both of these

91. FSK is preferred to ASK in applications, where a) fading of signal is prevalent b) synchronous detection not feasible

92. In FSK, the threshold level is independent of

a) carrier amplitude b) carrier frequency c) both of these

93. In ASK, the threshold level is

a) independent of carrier amplitude b) function of carrier amplitude c) none of these c) phase reversal keying c) 8 bits c) FSK

94. The binary PSK essentially

a) ASK a) 2 bits a) ASK b) PCM b) 3 bits b) PSK

95. In 8-PSK, each phase is represented by 96. In detection, BPSK is similar to 97. In differential PSK,
a) Power requirement is twice that in coherent detection b) Noise excursions cancel in the comparison process c) both of these

98. In differential PSK, the information is coded in terms of

a) Absolute phase for each symbol c) None of these b) phase changes between adjacent symbols

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Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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99. Main disadvantage of DPSK is that

a) Power margin is very low b) it requires much large power c) it is locked on a specific signaling speed

100. In M-ary PSK channel, the information rate(bps) can easily be increased by
a) increasing M a) sampling rate a) PAM a) PCM b) PPM b) DPCM b) decreasing M c) none of these c) signal power d) none

101. In PCM, the quantization noise depends on

b) number of quantization levels c) DM c) DM d) none d) none

102. Which of the following modulation is digital in nature 103. Which of the following modulation is analog in nature 104. In PCM, if the no. of quantization levels is increased from 4 to 64, then the bandwidth
requirement will approximately be a) 3 times b) 4 times c) 8 times c) DM d) none c) change within the step size d) 16 times

105. Quantization noise occurs in

a) PAM b) PWM

106. In a DM system, the granular noise occurs when modulating signal

a) increases rapidly b) decreases rapidly d) has high frequency component system will increase a) 8 times

107. The no. of bits per sample in a PCM system is increased from 8 to 16. the bandwidth of the
b) 2 times c) times d) 28 times

108. Companding is used a) to overcome quantizing noise in PCM b) in PCM transmitters, to allow amplitude limiting in the receivers c) to protect small signals in PCM from quantizing distortion d) in PCM receivers, to overcome impulse noise. 109. The biggest disadvantages of PCM is a) its inability to handle analog signals b) the high error rate which its quantizing noise introduces

110. The standard data rate of a PCM voice channel is

a) 8 kbps b) 8 bps c) 16 bps d) 64 kbps

111. An analog signal is sampled at the Nyquist interval of s seconds and quantized into L levels. The
time duration of one bit of binary encoded signal is a)

log 2 L

b) s log 2 L

c) s + log 2 L

d)

s
log 2 L

112. The signal to quantization noise ratio for a sinusoidal signal quantized using 10 bit PCM is
a) 62 dB b) 10 dB c) 60 dB d) 32 dB 113. The rate at which information can be passed through a telecommunication channel depends on the a) a carrier frequency b) bandwidth c) transmission loss d) transmitted power 114. Signal to quantization noise ratio in n-bit PCM system

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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a) depends on sampling frequency c) increases with no. of bits

b) depends on no. of bits d) decreases with no. of bits c) both a & b d) none

115. The quantization noise in a PCM depends on a) dynamic range of the signal b) step size of the Quantizer 116. Compression in PCM refers to relative compression of a) higher signal amplitudes b) lower signal amplitudes d) higher signal frequency

c) lower signal frequency

117. In PCM, if the transmission path is very long, then a) repeater stations are to be used b) pulse width is to be used c) pulse amplitude is to be increased d) pulse shaping is to be reduced 118. The condition to avoid slope over error is S d S d m(t ) m(t ) a) b) Ts dt Ts dt m ax m ax
[

c)

S d = m(t ) Ts dt m ax

d)

S d < m(t ) Ts dt m ax

119. Consider the following statements comparing DM with PCM system. DM requires 1. a lower sampling rate 2. a higher sampling rate 3. a larger bandwidth 4. simpler hardware a) 1, 2 and 4 b) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1, 3 and 4 d) 2, 3 and 4

120. The bit stream 01001 is differentially encoded using delay and EX-OR scheme for DPSK
transmission. Assuming the reference bit as 1 and assigning phase of 0 and for 1s and 0s respectively. In the encoded sequence, the transmitted phase sequence becomes a) 0 0 b) 0 0 0 c) 0 0 d) 0

121. The spectral density of White noise is

a) exponential b) uniform c) linear increasing b) an integrator only d) linearly decreasing c) a multiplier only 122. A Correlation receiver consists of a) a multiplier and an integrator d) an adder and an integrator

123. The purpose of optimum receiver is to detect the a) weak signal embedded in background of white noise b) strong signals from the white noise c) both of these d) neither of the above 124. The output SNR of the matched filter can be a) /2E b) 2E/ c) E/2 d) 2/E

125. In 16-PSK the angular separation between adjacent output phases is a) 11.250 b) 22.50 c) 37.250 d) 21.250 126. QPSK is an example of M-ary data transmission with M equals to a) 2 b) 8 c) 4 d) 5

127. The no. of bits per sample in PCM system with sinusoidal input is increased from n to n+1. the
improvement in signal to quantization noise ratio will be a) 3 dB b) 6 dB c) 2n dB d) n dB

128. Which of the following modulation schemes provides 4 bits per baud? a) QPSK b) 8-PSK c) 16_QAM d) 64-QAM

129. Which of the following gives maximum probability of error A. S. Rao

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Balaji Institute of Technology & Science

a) ASK

b) FSK

c) PSK

d) DPSK

130. The output S/N ratio of a matched filter, fed at its input by a rectangular pulse of amplitude A
and duration T, is given as (assume as noise power spectral density) a) 2A2T/ b) AT c) A/T d) A/ 131. Is it necessary to transmit a band limited time signal continuously over a channel in order to convey the information associated with the signal? a) yes b) no c) in most of the cases d) none 132. quantizing noise occurs in a) TDM b) FDM c) PWM d) PCM

State True or False

133. In DPSK, no synchronous carrier is needed at the receiver. 134. In FSK, no synchronous carrier is needed at the receiver. 135. Probability of error in DPSK is less than PSK 136. ASK is also known as on-off keying 137. Correlator is a coherent system of signal reception
Fill in the Blanks .

[ True / False ] [ True / False ] [ True / False ] [ True / False ] [ True / False ]

138. In a PCM, the amplitude levels are transmitted in a unit code. The no. of levels is -------- (128) 139. In above question, sampling is done at the rate of 10 KHz. The BW required is ------- (35 KHz) 140. At the receiving end the time multiplexed signals ate separated by --------- (LPF) 141. The sampling rate that would be required for television signal of bandwidth 5 MHz is ---(10
MHz) 142. 6 telephone channels of 4 KHz BW and one hi-fi channel of 30 Hz- 1500 Hz are time division multiplexed. The pulse repetition rate required is ---------- (78 KHz) 143. The minimum bandwidth of BPSK scheme is equal to ---------

144. A channel has a SNR of 7 and BW 4 KHz. Keeping channel capacity (bps) same, the BW is
reduced to accommodate more channels. Then SNR ---------- (increases)

145. The signal to quantization noise ratio is 25.8 dB for 16 quantization levels. The SQR for 128
quantization levels is ----------- (43.8 dB) 146. The bandwidth efficiency of 256-PSK is ----- bits/sec/Hz

147. A PCM system has a range of 4 Volts and is used to be encoded with 3 bits. The step size is ---(1 V)

148. An 8 level encoding scheme is used in a PCM system of 10 KHz channel BW. The channel
capacity is ----------- (60 Kbps)

149. In a PCM system, the no. of quantization levels are 16 and the maximum signal frequency is
4KHz, the bit transmission rate is ------- (32 Kbps)

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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150. A PCM system has a range of 16V and is to be encoded with 3 bits. The step size is ----- (4V) 151. In a PCM system, the no. of quantization levels are 64 and the maximum signal frequency is 5
KHz, the bit transmission rate is ---------- (60 Kbps)

152. For the transmission of normal speech signal, the PCM channel needs a bandwidth of -- (64
KHz) 153. The ------ consists of difference between the input and output signals of the Quantizer. (quantizing error)

154. The minimum bandwidth of QPSK scheme is equal to --------155. The bandwidth efficiency of 64-FSK(non coherent) is ----- bits/sec/Hz

156. The minimum bandwidth of ASK scheme is equal to --------157. The minimum bandwidth of BFSK scheme is equal to --------158. The combination of a compressor and expander is called a --------. (Compander) 159. Any plan for representing each of the discrete set of values as particular arrangement of discrete events is called a -----------. (code) 160. The minimum bandwidth of 8- PSK scheme is equal to --------161. The signal to quantization of a 8 bit ADC is about -------- (48 dB)

162. The minimum bandwidth of 16-PSK scheme is equal to --------163. The minimum bandwidth of M-ary FSK (non coherent type) scheme is equal to --------164. The bandwidth efficiency of 8-PSK is ----- bits/sec/Hz 165. The bandwidth efficiency of 16-FSK(non coherent)is ----- bits/sec/Hz 166. Bandwidth efficiency of M-ary PSK is -----------------167. Bandwidth efficiency is defined as --------------------168. The essential operational in the transmitter of a PCM system are --------- (sampling, quantizing
and encoding)

169. The quantizing and encoding are performed in the circuit which is called ------ (ADC) 170. The existence of a finite number of ------- is a basic condition of PCM. (discrete amplitude
levels)

171. The conversion of an analog sample of the signal into a digital form is called the ------- process.
(quantizing) 172. The bandwidth efficiency of 16-PSK is ----- bits/sec/Hz 1 E 173. Error probability of PSK is -------. ( Pe = erfc ) 2 N0

174. The difference between two adjacent discrete values is called------ (step size) 175. The use of a non uniform Quantizer is equivalent to passing the base band signal through a -----and then applying the compressed signal to a ------- Quantizer. (compressor, uniform) 176. The probability of error (i.e., bit error rate) of DPSK is ----- than that of a BPSK. (higher)

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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177. One of the discrete events in a code is called a -------------. (code element or symbol) 178. A particular arrangement of symbols used in a code to represent a single value of the discrete set
is called a ------------------. (code word or character) 179. Bandwidth efficiency of M-ary FSK is ------------------

180. The process in which the information in a binary PCM is encoded in terms of single transitions is
referred to as--------. (differential encoding)

181. The capability of controlling the effect of distortion and noise produced by transmitting a PCM
wave through a channel lies in reconstructing it by using ------. (regenerative repeaters)

182. The ------ process involves generating a pulse the amplitude of which is the linear sum of all the
pulses in the code word, with each pulse weighted by its place value(20, 21, 22, ) in the code. (decoding)

183. A minimum SQR of 40 dB is required. How many bits per code word are required in a linearly
quantized PCM system? -------------- (7)

184. The audible range of 15Hz to 15 KHz is passed through a filter with cutoff at 7.5 KHz. The
maximum sampling frequency should be ---------- (15KHz)

185. In the above question, the range is band limited to 1 KHz to 10 KHz. Then the minimum
sampling frequency is ----------- (20 KHz)

186. The basic operations performed by ------ are equalization, timing and decision making.
(regenerative repeater)

187. ------- noise may be introduced anywhere between the transmitter, output and the receiver input.
(transmission noise)

188. The minimum error probability of matched filter is -------. ( Pe = erfc

(quantizing noise)

1 2

E ) N0

189. ------- noise may be introduced in the transmitter and is carried along to the receiver output. 190. The important characteristic of a PCM system is its ----- to interference. (ruggedness) 191. The ------- is the one bit version of DPCM. (Delta modulation) 192. A Delta modulator using a fixed step size is often referred to as -----. (linear delta modulator) 193. The ----- noise occurs when the step size is too large relative to the local slope characteristics of
the input waveform. ( granular noise)

194. The ----- and ------ are two noise effects in Delta modulation. (slope over load, granular noise) 195. The method in which the step size is adapted to the level of the input signal is called -----.
(adaptive delta modulator)

196. The bandwidth requirement of DPSK is ----------- as compared to that of BPSK. (reduced) 197. The detection method must be performed with ----- error probability. (minimum) 198. Signal to noise ration of Integrate and Dump filter is ------. ( SNR =
A 2T ) N0 / 2

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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199. Error probability of ASK is -------. ( Pe = erfc 200. Error probability of FSK is -------. ( Pe = erfc
1 2

1 2

E ) 4N0 0 .6 E ) N0

A. S. Rao
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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