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Urban Environmental ManagementChallenges in Asia
March 200
5
Published by
: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan
Copyright
@ 2004 Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. All rights reserved.
No parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior permission inwriting of IGES.
Leading author:
Mara Regina Mendes
Contributing authors:
Section I – Hiroaki Shirakawa and Sudhakar YedlaSection II – Mara Regina Mendes, Mushtaq Ahmed Memon and Sudhakar YedlaSection III – Case I – Noriko Kono, Mara Regina Mendes and Hiroaki ShirakawaSection III – Case II – Shobhakar DhakalSection IV – Hidefumi Imura
Available from:
Urban Environmental Management ProjectInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)Kitakyushu Office, 3-9-30, Asano, Kokurakita-kuKitakyushu, Japan 802 0001.Phone: +81 93 513 3711Fax: +81 93 513 3712OrInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, HayamaKanagawa, Japan 240-0115Phone: +81 46 855 3700Fax: +81 46 855 3709
Disclaimer
:
Although every effort is made to ensure objectivity and balance, the publication of research results or translation does not imply IGES endorsement or acquiescence with its conclusions or the endorsement of IGES financers.
IGES maintains a position of neutrality at all times on issues concerning public policy. Hence conclusions that are reached in IGES publications should be understood to be those of the authors and not attributed to staff-members, officers, directors, trustees, funders, or to IGES itself.
Table of Contents
Preface
1
Section I: Introduction: Economic development, urbanization andenvironment in Asia
31.
Introduction 32.
Urbanization in Asia 32.1.
Foreign direct investment and urbanization 52.2.
Urban poverty and informal housing 72.3.
Dynamics of urbanization 83.
Economic Growth and Environmental problems 84.
Outlook 125.
References 13
Section II: Challenges and issues for urban environmental management inAsia
151.
Introduction 152.
Water supply and sanitation 152.1.
Issues and challenges in water supply and sanitation 152.2.
Meeting the challenges: financing and management strategies 172.2.1.
Private sector participation 193.
Urban transport and air pollution management 193.1.
Issues and challenges in urban transportation 203.1.1.
Growing motorization, congestion and vehicular control 213.1.2.
Inadequate public transport 223.1.3.
Increased burden on the State 223.1.4.
Air pollution 233.1.5.
Other issues 243.2.
Strategies and trends in urban transport development 243.2.1.
Improvement in public transport and rail-based systems 243.2.2.
Switching to cleaner fuels to improve air quality 253.2.3.
Private sector participation and partnerships 263.2.4.
Applications of Intelligent Transport Systems technology 273.2.5.
Participatory approaches to integrated comprehensive urbantransport planning 273.2.6.
Integration of local pollution control measures and GHGmitigation measures 274.
Municipal solid waste management 284.1.
Issues and challenges on MSW management in Asia 284.1.1.
Institutional, managerial, and regulatory aspects 284.1.2.
Financial constraints and increasing expenditures 314.1.3.
Inadequate treatment and systemic inefficiency 314.2.
Meeting the challenges in waste management 334.2.1.
Private sector participation 344.2.2.
Promoting public awareness and participation 354.2.3.
Efforts towards achieving sound material- cycle society 374.3.
Outlook 39
Sections
« prev | next »- Preface
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Urbanization in Asia
- 2.2 Urban poverty and informal housing
- 2.3 Dynamics of urbanization
- 3. Economic growth and environmental problems
- 2. Water supply and sanitation
- 2.1 Issues and challenges in water supply and sanitation
- 2.2 Meeting the challenges: financing and management strategies
- 2.2.1 Private Sector Participation
- 3. Urban transport and air pollution management
- 3.1 Issues and challenges in urban transportation
- 3.1.1 Growing motorization, congestion and vehicular control
- 3.1.3 Increased burden on the State
- 3.1.4 Air pollution
- 3.1.5 Other issues
- 3.2 Strategies and trends in urban transport development
- 3.2.1 Improvement in public transport and rail-based systems
- 3.2.2 Switching to cleaner fuels to improve air quality
- 3.2.3 Private sector participation and partnerships
- 3.2.4 Applications of Intelligent Transport Systems technology
- 4. Municipal solid waste management
- 4.1 Issues and challenges on MSW management in Asia
- 4.1.2 Financial constraints and increasing expenditures
- 4.1.3 Inadequate treatment and systemic inefficiency
- 4.2 Meeting the challenges in waste management
- 4.2.1 Private sector participation
- 4.2.2 Promoting public awareness and participation
- 4.2.3 Efforts towards achieving sound material- cycle society
- 5. Concluding remarks
- 6. References
- 2.1 Environmental Management Asset Approach
- 2.2 Kitakyushu case study
- 2.2.1 Historical background
- 2.2.2. Air quality management
- 2.2.3 Bay recovery and water quality management
- 2.2.4 River water quality management
- 2.2.5 Sanitary management
- 2.2.6 Solid waste management
- 3.1 Urban energy use and its context
- 3.2 Carbon dioxide emissions from cities
- 3.3 Perspectives on indirect emissions of cities
- 3.4 Driving forces for CO2 emissions
- 3.5 Local concerns and options for air quality and urban heat island
- 3.6 Policy challenges
- 3.7 Towards sustainable development of Asian cities
- 3.9 Appendix
- 1. Cities in industrial transformation and the Japanese experience
- 2. Sustainable cities
- 3. Transportation and environment
- 4. Urban resources, energy metabolism and environmental impacts
- 5. Urban environmental infrastructure
- 7. Concluding remarks
- 8. References
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