Reflection and Refraction and Mirrors and Lenses

1. A light ray is moving from air into a piece of glass with an Index of Refraction = 1.60. The light ray makes an angle of incidence of 30o, as shown in the diagram below.

i = 30o refl = 30o

Glass n = 1.60

a. What is the speed of light in the glass? The speed of light in a vacuum is c = 3.0*108 m/s?

c n= v

c v= n

3.00 108 v= 1.60

= 1.875 108

m s

b. Determine the angle of reflection and the angle of refraction.

1.00 Sin 30 o = 1.60 (Sin 2 ) Sin 2 = 1.00 Sin 30 o 0.50 = = 0.3125 1.60 1.60 2 = Sin -1 (0.3125) = 18.2 o

n 1 (Sin 1 ) = n 2 (Sin 2 )

c. A second ray is moving from the Flint Glass into air and makes an angle of incidence of 45o. Determine the angle of refraction and sketch the path of the light ray after it hits the boundary. Snells Law:

1.60 Sin 45 o = 1.00 (Sin 2 ) Sin 2 = 1.60 Sin 45 o 1.13 = = 1.13 1.00 1.00 2 = Sin -1 (1.13) , impossible!

n 1 (Sin 1 ) = n 2 (Sin 2 )

r = 45o

i = 45o

Glass n = 1.60

2. A light ray is passing from air into water. a. If the index of refraction for air is n = 1 and the incident angle is 30, what is the angle of the refracted beam? The index of refraction for water is n = 1.33. By Snell's Law, the angle of the refracted beam is:

n1 sin i1 = n2 sin i2 ,

i2 = sin 1

sin ( 30 ) n1 sin i1 = sin 1 = 22.1 n2 1.33

b. What is the angle the beam makes with the normal as it exits the water? In this case, the roles of n1 and n2 are interchanged. Then Snell's Law yields:

i1 = sin 1

(1.33) sin ( 22.1 ) = 30.0 n2 sin i2 = sin 1 n1 1

3. An object is placed 20 cm from a. a convex lens, of focal length 15 cm. b. a concave lens, of focal length 15 cm. Calculate the image position and magnification in each case.

a. Plug in s0 and f into the formula,

1 1 1 + = , where s0 = +20cm and f = +15 cm, We obtain s o si f s1 60 = = 3.0 . s0 20

s1 = +60 cm. The image is real and has magnification m =

b. Plug in s0 and f into the formula,

1 1 1 + = , where s0 = +20cm and f = -15 cm, we obtain s o si f s1 8.6 = = 0.43 . s0 20

s1 = -8.6 cm. The image is virtual and has magnification m =

4. Consider a converging lens that has a focal length of f = 10 cm. An object of height 1 cm is placed in front of the lens at 5 cm. Characterize the resulting image. The thin lens equation:

1 1 1 + = s o si f
Since the lens is converging, the sign of f is positive. s0 =+5 cm since the image is on the object side of the lens. We can then find s1':

1 1 1 + = s o si f

1 1 1 = s1 f s0

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 = = = . s1 10 5 s1 10 10

So, s1 = -10 cm, which means that the image is on the object side of the lens. The magnification of the image is given by M=-s1/s0 = -(-10/5)=+2. The height of the image is +2 cm. The image is upright since m>0. The image is enlarged since |m|>1. The image is virtual since s1 < 0.