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SAK DEFDE DEWWJW „ SW[K WKOIKNSEJH^ 
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 OWJD ‑SAK DFIENEJ[^ \WJ^KN[SEJH JO CF_EC BJAH^JH―Gu Cfec Fwsa{w Pfiskw~
^nkhk owjd ^afu―~ Wkgkiiejh $ Nif~~wjjd Nie| Fws
’MEII SAK IFPUKW^—
Sak Oijwecf Gfw) sak ’fwd— jo sak Oijwecf ^{|wkdk Nj{ws wk~|jh~egik ojw sak ienkh~eh` fhcce~ne|ieheh` ojw Oijwecf ifpukw~ fhc ojw ijjmeh` j{s ojw sakew |jiesenfi$knjhjden ehskwk~s~)fckwse~k~ jh es~ pkg~esk safs f |kw~jh paj oeik~ f njd|ifehs pesa es f`feh~s f ifpukw dfu hjs gk~{nnk~~o{iiu ~{kc ojw cjeh` ~j |wjeceh` es e~ hjs |{gie~akc ki~kpakwk( Mkhhksa Dfweh) Cewknsjwjo Ifpukw Wk`{ifsejh ojw sak Oijwecf Gfw) af~ fi~j ~sfskc f~ d{na eh pweseh` sj ehv{ewkw~( Akfssfnakc sj ae~ ~sfskdkhs sak ckne~ejh eh Sjgmeh ( Bfwgjk) 06< ^j(7c 50; !Oif( 6551%) paenaajic~ safs f |kw~jh―~ njd|ifehs sj sak Gfw f`feh~s es~ dkdgkw e~ fg~ji{skiu |weeik`kc akhnk hjs~{gbkns sj wksfiefsjwu iese`fsejh ~{na f~ ~{es~ ojw dfienej{~ |wj~kn{sejh fhc ckofdfsejh) kkh eo sakfiik`fsejh~ sakwkeh fwk ckofdfsjwu fhc dfienej{~iu dfck) sj ~{||jws sak Gfw―~ |j~esejh(Sakwkojwk ifpukw~ fwk |wk~{dfgiu akic sj f ae`akw ~sfhcfwc safh jsakw~) eh sak ehskwk~s jo |wjsknseh` sak |{gien owjd fg{~k~ jo sak kqswfjwcehfwu |jpkw saku pekic f~ jooenkw~ jo sak nj{ws(Sak Oijwecf Gfw wkiekc jh safs njddjh ifp) eh Sak Oijwecf Gfw  Bfdk~ Cfheki Knmkws) Oeik Hj(7<<5$66)<06 !?N%) pakh es |wj~kn{skc fh fssjwhku ojw sawkfskheh` sj ~{k fh j||j~eh` iese`fhs ojw
 
SAK DEFDE DEWWJW „ SW[K WKOIKNSEJH^ 
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ckofdfsejh jo nafwfnskw ojw oeieh` f njd|ifehs pesa sak Gfw f`feh~s aed( Sak f``wekkc |fwsupesacwkp ae~ njd|ifehs= hkkwsakik~~) jh Cknkdgkw ><) 7<<5) sak ^eqsa B{cenefi Newn{es@wekfhnk Njddesskk oj{hc |wjgfgik nf{~k ojw o{wsakw ce~ne|iehfwu |wjnkkceh`~) safs sakWk~|jhckhs afc ejifskc Oijwecf Gfw2 W{ik 3$1(3!c%) ~sfseh` safs f ifpukw ~afii hjs kh`f`k ehnjhc{ns eh njhhknsejh pesa sak |wfnsenk jo ifp safs e~
 |wkb{cenefi sj sak fcdehe~swfsejh jo b{~senk
(Sak |wjgfgik de~njhc{ns pf~ ~sfskc f~2 ’Jh jw fgj{s B{iu 5) 7<<5) Wk~|jhckhs pwjsk f iksskw sjf njd|ifehfhs sawkfskheh` sj ~{k aed ojw ckofdfsejh fhc cfdf`k~ {hik~~ ak pesacwkp ae~ Gfwnjd|ifehs fhc e~~{kc f iksskw jo f|jij`u pesaeh oek cfu~(— Hkesakw Dw( Knmkws hjw ae~ fssjwhkuafc akfwc jo fhu ~{na f w{ik eh sakew cknfck~ jo |wfnseneh` ifp eh sak ~sfsk) ~j e`hjwfhnk jo sakw{ik jo ’{hv{fieoekc edd{hesu— e(k( ’fg~ji{sk |weeik`k— pf~ |ikc fhc f ~if| jh sak pwe~s pf~ sakwk~{is(F~ kkwu ~kwej{~ ehv{ewkw mhjp~ kwu pkii) Sak Oijwecf Gfw―~ khojwnkdkhs jo es~ W{ik~ e~~kiknsek) sj ~fu sak ikf~s) eo hjs wfhcjd( ^dfiisedk ifpukw~ fwk ce~gfwwkc ojw njh~|en{j{~eh~sfhnk~ jo sakos( Njd|ifehs~ f`feh~s ~jdk jo sak dj~s fooi{khs fhc sw{~skc ifpukw~ eh sak ~sfskpkwk |f~~kc jkw {hsei saku pkwk wknkhsiu fwwk~skc) |wj~kn{skc) njhenskc) fhc ~khs sj |we~jh gusak okckwfi `jkwhdkhs( Ehnjh~kv{khsefi ifpukw~ paj mjpsjp sj sak Gfw fwk iemkiu sj `ks joo kf~u pakh sak Gfw |{w~{k~ njd|ifehs~ f`feh~s sakd) g{s pjk {hsj fhu ifpukw paj |kw~e~skhsiug{nm~ sak ~u~skd fhc sakwkojwk dfmk~ fh f~~ jo aed~kio gkojwk sak Gfw gu nwesenereh` es jw sak b{cenefi kiesk( Pjk {hsj fhu ifu njd|ifehfhs paj cjk~ iemkpe~k) `jeh` ~j ofw f~ sj nfii sak Gfw fhf~~–pk wknfii ajp Dfw`{kwesk \jwksk pf~ g{whkc fs sak ~sfmk jh B{hk 6) 6>6<) foskw ~ak nfiikcsak {hekw~esu ifp |wjok~~jw~ f~~k~(Sak dj~s `ifweh` kqfd|ik jo sak Oijwecf Gfw―~ au|jnwe~u eh wk~|kns sj sak pkii ~kssikc ifp jo fg~ji{sk |weeik`k ojw njd|ifeheh` sj sak Oijwecf Gfw fhc jsakw `jkwhdkhs f{sajwesek~ e~ es~ofei{wk sj |wj~kn{sk Fiikh A( Iegjp) K~v( fhc ae~ gku jo fssjwhku~ ojw sak dfienej{~ |wj~kn{sejhjo Cfec Bjah~jh fhc ae~ peok ojw gweh`eh` f njd|ifehs f`feh~s aed ojw ckofdfsejh jo nafwfnskw(Dw( Bjah~jh fiik`kc eh ae~ w{hheh` njd|ifehs sj sak Gfw safs Dw( Iegjp) fdjh` jsakw saeh`~) afcswekc sj ~afmk aed cjph ojw #6<<)<<< jkw sw{d|kc {| ik`fi okk~ safs afc) foskw Dw( Bjah~jhce~|{skc sakd) gkkh wkc{nkc gu Dw( Iegjp sj #6)?76 gkojwk ak oeikc ae~ nifed eh \fid GkfnaNj{hsu Nj{ws) foskw es pf~ |jehskc j{s sj aed safs Dw( Bjah~jh afc gkkh nafw`kc ojw fhf||kfwfhnk hjs kkh dfck(Sak okk ce~|{sk fwj~k foskw Dw( Bjah~jh―~ fssjwhku afc pesacwfph owjd sak Iegjp ifp oewd= Dw(Bjah~jh ckneckc safs ~ak ~aj{ic sfmk ae~ nf~k pesa akw foskw Dw( Iegjp oikp ehsj f wf`k jh sakskik|ajhk fhc {i`fwiu ce~|fwf`kc ae~ ojwdkw) pakkinafew$gj{hc f~~jnefsk( Dw( Iegjp pfhskc sjmkk| sak nf~k eh aj{~k) fhc fs jhk |jehs ak ~fec ak pj{ic pfek pafskkw gfifhnk pf~ c{k eo ae~oewd pf~ fiijpkc sj mkk| es(Dw( Bjah~jh) foskw ak pf~ ~{kc ojw #6)?76) naknmkc sak nj{ws―~ cjnmks) fhc) hjseneh` safs nifed~ojw okk~ afc gkkh oeikc f`feh~s f `wkfs h{dgkw jo sak Iegjp oewd―~ niekhs~) nifed~ safs pkwksakwkfoskw ~kssikc) dfu afk afc `jjc wkf~jh sj gkiekk safs Dw( Iegjp) pesa sak fcenk fhcf~~e~sfhnk jo ae~ ikfc fssjwhku fhc ofsakw$fhc$ifp) Fwsa{w P( Seoojwc) pkwk w{hheh` ~jdk ~jws jo ~afmkcjph wfnmks(
 
SAK DEFDE DEWWJW „ SW[K WKOIKNSEJH^ 
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Dw( Seoojwc gk`fh ae~ eii{~swej{~ nfwkkw f~ f b{c`k fcjnfsk b{c`eh` dehjw nf~k~ ehni{ceh`dfweb{fhf nf~k~ eh _ekshfd) fhc sakh dfck f `wkfs ckfi jo ae~ ojws{hk ckokhceh` cw{` ckfikw~fhc paesk$njiifw owf{c~skw~( Pk hjsk safs ak pf~ f ~jws jo aj{~k nj{h~ki ojw sak hjsjwej{~ ^v{fwk@wj{|kw~) fhc af~ wknkhsiu ~sfwwkc eh f cjn{dkhsfwu fgj{s sakd( Ak ed|iek~ owjd sak a{`k b{c`dkhs~ ak af~ pjh safs ae~ ojws{hk e~ `wfhc( Ajpkkw) sak `wfhchk~~ jo ae~ |jwsejh e~ c{gej{~gknf{~k ifw`k ckof{is b{c`dkhs~ f`feh~s gfhmw{|s oewd~ dfu gk {hnjiiknsegik) fhc ~afwk~ jo ~sjnm sfmkh f~ okk~ dfu gk pjwsaik~~( Hkkwsakik~~) fhc ck~|esk sak wknjwceh` jo ~kkwfi okckwfi sfqiekh~) ak |j~~k~~k~ njh~eckwfgik f~~ks~ fhc e~ f||fwkhsiu) fs ikf~s) fh fooi{khs ifpukw pesanjh~eckwfgik ehoi{khnk jh pafs e~ nfiikc ’sak @jjc Jic Gju~— jo sak gfw(Sak nf~k Dw( Iegjp gwj{`as f`feh~s Dw( Bjah~jh) sj wksfiefsk ojw sak Gfw njd|ifehs fhcjgej{~iu sj `ek aed o{wsakw ehnkhsek sj ojwm jkw #6<<)<<<) pf~ oew~s gwj{`as eh sak nj{hsunj{ws fhc sakh wkdjkc sj sak newn{es nj{ws) e~ fwej{~iu ~suikc) fhc nfh gk oj{hc eh sak newn{esnj{ws f~ Iegjp / ^afakkh II\ ( Cfec Bjah~jh / Bfhk Bjah~jh) gwj{`as eh sak OeoskkhsaB{cenefi Newn{es eh fhc ojw sak Nj{hsu jo \fid Gkfna) Nf~k ;<7<<;NF<<>755( Sak ifp~{es pf~gwjmkh ehsj spj |fws~ fhc gjsa |fws~ pkwk pjh eh sak newn{es nj{ws gu sak Bjah~jh~) fooewdkc jhf||kfi~) fs f nj~s sj sakd jo hkfwiu #7;<)<<<(Sak nf~k) paena w{h~ ehsj dfhu saj{~fhc~ jo |f`k~ c{k sj sak ceifsjwu fhc cknk|sek sfnsen~ jo sak Iegjp ifpukw~) e~ f djh{dkhsfi ckdjh~swfsejh safs sak Oijwecf Gfw peii {hf~afdkciu ~sfhcgu fhc pfsna f |ksesejhkw paj njd|ifeh~ fgj{s jhk jo es~ dkdgkw~ gk g{iiekc fhc gkfskh sj f|{i| pesaj{s ieoseh` f oeh`kw sj |wjskns aed owjd sak {sskw ce~wk`fwc jo sak kwu njddjh ifp fhcgfw w{ik es nesk~ eh ae~ ofjw) |fwsen{ifwiu eo Gfw nj{h~ki cjk~ hjs iemk sak |wk~{dfgiu ce~wk~|knso{i’sjhk— jo sak njd|ifehs) paena de`as ~kkd jookh~ek sj sak ae`aiu ~kio$k~skkdkc |wjok~~ejh fsifw`k( Pk fwk dehco{i akwk jo ~jdk jo sak saeh`~ safs Dw( Bjah~jh ~fec fgj{s Dw( Iegjp) K~v( f~ak ck~|kwfskiu |wk~~kc sak Gfw sj `ks joo es~ ’g{wkf{nwfsen f~~— fhc cj ~jdksaeh` sj |wjskns ae~ofdeiu fhc sak |{gien( [hojws{hfskiu ojw sak iemk~ jo Cfec Bjah~jh) es e~ {| sj sak nj~siu fhcn{dgkw~jdk nj{ws~ fhc hjs Sak Oijwecf Gfw sj |wjskns sak njd|ifehfhs~ owjd wksfiefsejh ojwoeieh` njd|ifehs~ pakh sak Gfw af~ nf{~k sj ~es jh es~ ’g{wkf{nwfsen f~~(—Dw( Bjah~jh―~ njd|ifehs sj sak Gfw fnn{~kc Dw( Iegjp jo kqsjwsejh fdjh` jsakw saeh`~) fhc pf~dfck |{w~{fhs sj fhc eh fnnjwcfhnk pesa sak W{ik~ Wk`{ifseh` sak Oijwecf Gfw( Ae~ iksskw jo njd|ifehs ehcenfskc safs nj|ek~ afc gkkh ~khs sj jsakw |{gien jooenefi~ pajd ak saj{`as pkwkwk~|jh~egik ojw wk`{ifseh` sak gkafejw safs ak njd|ifehkc fgj{s= ak ifskw ~pjwk safs hj ~{nanj|ek~ pkwk fns{fiiu ~khs „ ak pj{ic fiik`k safs Dw( Iegjp fhc ae~ fssjwhku Fwsa{w P( Seoojwcmhkp saj~k nj|ek~ pkwk hjs ~khs g{s pj{ic hkkwsakik~~ eh~e~s safs saku pkwk) eh jwckw sj o{wsakwce~swfns sak nj{ws fhc ceifsk sak |wjnkkceh`~( Sak njd|ifehs pf~ hjs dfck hjw ~e`hkc gu Dw(Bjah~jh―~ peok= ~ak pf~) fnnjwceh` sj Dw( Bjah~jh) dfikjikhsiu hfdkc eh sak ~{es ~ed|iu sjo{wsakw afwf~~ aed( Gjsa pek~ pkwk gwj{`as ehsj sak owfu kfwiu jh2 Dkie~~f S( Iegjp pf~ dfckf |ifehseoo fs jhk sedk gknf{~k Dw( Bjah~jh afc ~fec eh ae~ njd|ifehs sj sak Oijwecf Gfw safs akpf~ ’sjic— safs ~ak pf~ jh sak kw`k jo cejwneh` akw a{~gfhc ojw ’jsakw swfh~`wk~~ejh~— „ saknewn{es nj{ws sj~~kc j{s safs ckofdfsejh nj{hs gknf{~k sak |ifehseoo ikos j{s sak ’E fd sjic— |jwsejhjo sak ~sfskdkhs) fhc cec hjs fiik`k safs sak ~sfskdkhs pf~ ~{g~sfhsefiiu {hsw{k( N{wej{~iu) foskwsak Bjah~jh~ pjh sakew nf~k fhc s{whkc fwj{hc fhc ~{kc sak Iegjp~ eh 7<66 ojw dfienej{~|wj~kn{sejh fhc fg{~k jo |wjnk~~) Dw~( Iegjp ~{kc akw a{~gfhc ojw cejwnk g{s sakh cwj||kc sak~{es(
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