Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PART I
The Physical Components of MIS Types of Organizational Information Systems Information for Management
A. Attributes of quality information B. Internal vs external information
PART I
Decision Support Systems (DSS) Executive Information Systems Expert Systems Informational Support of Management Levels of Planning & Control
A. Operations Planning & Control B. Tactical Planning & Control C. Long-term Strategic Planning & Control 3
PART I
PART II
The Role of MIS The Evolving Systems Function Conclusion Introduction to Information Systems Development What is systems analysis and design? Tools for Systems Development
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Corporate Headquarters
Mainframe
Finance
Production
Regional Office Workstations Salesforce Notebooks Local Area Network: PCs with Local Databases
WAN
Workgroup Server
Client PCs
LAN
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Z-1992 Table 3.4 p87; Z-1998 2.2 Boundary spanning role Daft and Weick Model
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A. Characteristics of MRS Designed by MIS, large & complex, multiple users & DB's Support highly structured queries, stable DO NOT necessarily support decision making; provide information for structure decisions Oriented on past & present Have limited analytical capabilities; summaries Report on internal organization operations
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B. Reporting by MRS Reports produced from main DBMS and or local DB's
Scheduled periodic reports Exception reports Demand (Ad hoc) reports: limited queries or views of Data
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Model Management Dialog Management User Decision Support System Data Management
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Internal and External Databases
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Expert Systems
Knowledge based about a specific domain Use heuristic in the process New systems use neural nets Expert systems are knowledge based systems that imitate a reasoning process (heuristic) to suggest a solution within a specific domain
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Expert System
Knowledge Base
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Gorry & Scott-Morton Planning: Setting measurable objectives for a period of time Control: Comparing actual to planned performance objectives and taking action in response to deviations and making adjustments to the plan
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EIS
MRS
Operations Management
Business Functions
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Control information:
status or progress information warning information comfort information FEEDBACK information
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B. Tactical Planning & Control Middle management Semi-structured and structured The acquisition and implementation of resources to fit the strategic plan The financial plan for a new MIS system; The plan to match the labor requirements of an MRP II run; The resources required for the introduction of a new product 32 Use DSS and GSS systems
C. Long-term Strategic Planning & Control Top Management Unstructured, semi-structured Examples: A diversification strategy downsizing Long-term market strategy Outsourcing EIS systems Internal and external data
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A. Organizational Structure
Independent units: Strategic Business Units (SBU's) Each has their own business objectives Each SBU can be subdivided into functional departments or divisions
Figure Z-1992 3.10 p103 Figure Z-1992 3.11 p104
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Strategic:
What is our Market? How will we satisfy the customers needs? What does the customer want?
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Zwass-1992 , 3.5
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A. Introduction Information technology is partly responsible for the PARADIGM shift (A change, a new model,) from support to contributing to an organizations profitability. From efficient data processing shops to understanding the goals and objectives of an Organization to participating directly in the decision making and strategy formulation
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B. The CIO's Responsibilities 1. Understand the business: products, markets & customers 2. Establish credibility of the systems department: responsiveness to needs and requests 3. Increase the technological maturity of the organization: "Make it easier to take advantage of computer and telecommunications applications, Spend money, keep up with technology and applications
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C. Understand the Business Environmental Scanning: Find out what is happening in the market place Concentrate on the lines of the business Sponsor weekly briefings Attend industry meetings with line executives Read industry publications Hold informal listening sessions Become a partner with the line manager
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Internal
business goal and objectives major policies and practices The inputs, outputs and resources of the firm
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F. Create a Vision of the Future Paradigm shift from reactive to proactive. Examples: order an elevator in one day design an build a house from a store reprice funds in an hour or less A vision is a statement of how someone believes the future will be or how he/she wants the future to be. 1. explore the present 2. look at tends and make projections
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H. Why develop a vision? 1. To set a direction. providing internal stability for a firm in an unstable environment. 2. To help inspire people to take initiative Creating a Vision 1. Explore the Present look at prior experiences: ask questions fiddle around: experiment get participation: Communication clarify the vision over time: feedback Listen
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J. Six Lessons about selling Selling is necessary to advance ideas Selling is how things get done in any enterprise 1. Understand your market place reduce uncertainty about the market place identify the need fill the need with a product 2. Listening is a Potent form of selling 3. Make your buyer successful living up to your commitments and making your customers successful
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The questions that must be asked is: What is need to support the business? How will the business be supported?
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Conclusion
THE TRANSFORMATION OF IS "we used to do it to them:" the systems groups (EDP) required end users to obey strict rules for getting changes made to the systems, submitting job requests, etc.
Mainframes, transmittals, batch processing, punch cards, data entry clerks EFFICIENCY 69
Conclusion
"Next, we did it for them:" systems groups moved to service. Mainframes, large mini's with custom systems built by IS without user involvement EFFECTIVENESS, Efficiency "Now, we do it with them:" the partnership Mini's, PC, Windows, application packages USABILITY, Effectiveness, Efficiency
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Conclusion
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