Foundations of Individual Behavior

Paddling against the tide...

Human Behavior
Behavior means to react or act in a specified way. It is something that the individual does which may be measurable and observable.

Within an Individual External Environment

S R Model of Human Behavior

Individual Stimulus Response

A stimulus is an agent which may directly have an impact on the individual May be internal or external

Modified version of S-R Model

Stimulus (Input) Sensation Receiving Info F e e d b a c k Perception Core cognitive process Decision Making O r g a n i s m

Action Taking

Response (Output)

Biographic al Characteris tics

Age Gender Marital Status Tenure Religion Sexual orientation and Gender Identity

Ability

Intellectual Abilities Physical Abilities

Learning

Theories of Learning
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Biographical Characteristics
Productivity Age Unrelated, Inverse relationship No significant difference Not enough studies Absenteeism Based on Avoidable & Unavoidable Absents Wm have higher rates Turnover Less Turnover Job Satisfaction Evidence is mixed

Gender Marital Status (Married ees)

No major differences

No significant evidence More satisfied

Fewer Absences Undergo less turnover

Tenure

+ ve relation b/w seniority & prod

Negatively Related

Longer the tenure lower the turnover

Positively Related

Biographical Characteristics
Some other biographical characteristics
Reservations Religion Sexual Orientation

Ability
Ability refers to an individual s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. It is a current assessment of what one can do.

Physical Ability

Intellectual Ability

Ability
Ability refers to an individual s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job Intellectual abilities are those needed to perform mental activities

Number aptitude Verbal Comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Spatial Visualization Memory

Physical Abilities: The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strengths and similar characteristics

Strength factors Dynamic, Trunk, Static, Explosive Flexibility Factors Extent and Dynamic Other Factors Body Coordination, Balance, Stamina
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Intellectual Ability

Physical Ability

Self Study

Ways to combat individual differences