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Dr.BHAVYA CHATURVEDI FACULTY IMS AARUSHI NUPUR BHATNAGAR POOJA GUPTA PRIYA TIWARI BBA{HA} 5TH SEM
Nosocomial infection
Outlines
What is meant by nosocomial infections? Methods of transmission of nosocomial infections. Which bacteria can cause nosocomial infections? What are the sites of nosocomial infections? Problems of nosocomial infections. Control & prevention
It comes from two Greek words: 1-(Nous) means : Disease. 2-(Komeion)means: To take care of.
Nosocomial infection
Definition cont
These infections appear: - 48 hours or more after hospital admission. - Within 30 days after discharge.
Nosocomial infection
Methods of transmission
Contact transmission. Droplet transmission. Airborne transmission. Common vehicle transmission. Vector borne transmission.
Nosocomial infection
Contact transmission
The most common method & it has two types: Direct-contact transmission. - Physical transfer of microorganisms
between the host and infected person.
Nosocomial infection
Airborne transmission.
- Droplets from the patient remain suspended in air for along period of time. - Dust particles contain the infectious agent.
Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infection
2- Enterococci:
Nosocomial infection
Bacteria cont
Gram-negative bacteria:
1- E-coli:
Nosocomial infection
Bacteria cont
3- Coagulase-negative staphylococci:
4- Pseudomonas aeruginosa :
Nosocomial infection
Immunodeficiency.
Nosocomial infection
Factors cont
Patients treatment. Recurrent blood transfusion.
Chronic anaemia.
Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infection
Sites cont
Urinary tact infection.
- The most common site for nosocomial infections. - Symptoms: Doudy offensive urine.
Nosocomial pneumonia.
- Occurs especially in patients depend on ventilators in intensive care units.
Nosocomial infection
Sites cont
Surgical site infection.
- Usually acquired during the operation itself. - The main risk factor is: The extent of contamination during the surgery.
Bacteraemia.
- Occasionally , Bacteria infecting urinary tract invade the blood stream to cause septicemia.
Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infection
Problems cont
Delaying wound healing.
Delaying rehabilitation.
Causing mortality.
Nosocomial infection
Problems cont
Increasing exposure to antimicrobial therapy and its potential adverse effects.
Nosocomial infection
prevention
Handwashing.
Nosocomial infection
Prevention cont
Gloves
Nosocomial infection
Prevention cont
Patient isolation.
prevent transmission of microorganisms from patient to other patients , health-care workers & visitors.
Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infection
Control cont
Controlling blood stream infection.
Nosocomial infection
Thank You
Nosocomial infection