CYBORG

AN EVOLVING BIOMACHINE IN NEURAL INTERFACE ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS

Neural Interfacing
Neural interfacing is a powerful means which can develop a robust bridge between humans and machines. Neural interface allows human brain communicate directly with a computer, without any other equipment. Neural interfacing fantasies has mainly grown out of science fiction.

What is a Cyborg?
 Cyborg is cybernetic organism.  It is Part human and part machine.  It is a humanbeing partially transformed into a machine by providing a proper interface between man and computer.  It is an application of neural interfacing.

Microelectrode It is a very small electrode which is used to study electrical characteristics of living cells and tissues. It acts as an electrical conductor transmitting the electrical information in the brain into an amplifying and recording equipment.

Microelectrode array(MEA)

How an ME works? Neurons and muscle cells create ion currents through their membranes when excited, causing a change in voltage both inside and outside the cell. When recording, the electrodes on an ME transduce the change in voltage into electronic currents. When stimulating, electrodes transduce electronic currents into ionic currents.

Operation of a cyborg:
An ME is implanted into any part of the body where most of the nerves are interconnected. Electronic impulses received from ME are amplified and encoded into digital format. This digital signal is transmitted to a computer for analysis.

Rat implanted with MEs

Monkey operating a robotic arm with brain-computer interfacing

Human implanted with a silicon chip-A Cyborg

Future projects proposed by cyborg stevemann:

Third hand

Artificial sight to blind people

Advantages: Artificial sight to blind people. Enables a physically handicapped person to lead a normal life. Useful where wide variety of sensors are required. Very much useful in medical field.

Disadvantages: They are all expensive. Insertion of electrode into tissues causes:  cell death.  Severed neuronal processes and blood vessels.  Mechanical tissue compression.  Collection of debris resulting from cell death.

Negative consequences:

Possibility of a destructive cyborg

conclusion:
In this world, it is inevitable that for everything there are both positives and negatives but we should focus on positives because it would be unrealistic to ban such a useful technology. At the same time some safeguards should be insisted to prevent negative impacts.

Thank you