Adjective
(kata sifat) memberikan informasi tentang kata benda. Contoh:
•
She’s an
excellent
dancer.
•
I’ve got a
new
apartment.
Adverb
(kata keterangan) merubah kata kerja, yakni kata keterangan menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan. Contoh:- She learns
quickly
.- You can speak English
well
.
Adjective
bisa ditempatkan sebelum kata benda. Contoh:
•
This is a beautiful bird.
•
“This is a bird beautiful.” tidak benar.Kata sifat memberikan informasi seperti ukuran (kecil, besar), bentuk (bulat, persegi),warna (kuning, hijau), kebangsaan (Cina, Polandia), dan opini (baik, buruk).
Adjective
tidak mengalami perubahan yang tergantung pada jumlah (tunggal atau jamak).Contoh:
•
She has a
cute
puppy.
•
She has three
cute
puppies.Perhatikan bahwa adjective (cute) tidak mengalami perubahan baik dalam bentuk tunggal(puppy) maupun jamak (puppies).Adjective juga bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja tertentu seperti
be, feel, look,
dan
taste
. Contoh:
•
I’m really happy today.
•
She’s got a new job so she feels great.
•
You look wonderful!
•
This chicken tastes delicious.
Adverb (kata keterangan)
Adverb
sering dibentuk dengan menambahkan -
ly
di belakang adjective. Contoh:
•
quick
(adjective) - He’s quick at learning new things.
•
quickly
(adverb) - He learns quickly.
•
bad
(adjective) - He didn’t get a bad test score.
•
badly
(adverb) - He didn’t do badly in his test.
Untuk adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang berakhiran dengan huruf “
-y”
ganti “-
y
”dengan “
-i
” dan tambahkan “
-ly
“. Contoh:
•
easy (adjective) - He thinks math is easy.
•
easily (adverb) - He can do math easily.
•
happy (adjective) - He’s a happy man.
•
happily (adverb) - He works happily every day.Untuk adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang berakhiran dengan huruf “
-le
” ganti “
-le”
dengan “
-ly
“. Contoh:
•
simp
le
(adjective) - The teacher makes difficult things simple.
•
simp
ly
(adverb) - He teaches simply and clearly.Beberapa adverb sama dengan adjective. Contoh:
•
He runs
fast
(adverb) - He’s a
fast
runner. (adjective)
•
He studies
hard
. (adverb) - It’s a
hard
life. (adjective)Adverb untuk “
good
” adalah “
well
“. Contoh:
•
She’s a
good
pianist.
•
She plays the piano
well
.Adverb juga bisa mengubah adjective dan adverb-adverb lainnya. Contoh:
•
That’s a good book.
•
That’s a
very
good book.
•
She’s a talented girl.
•
She’s an
incredibly
talented girl.
•
You’re right!
•
You’re
absolutely
right!
Adverbs in English
how?
) are often formed by adding
-ly
to adjectives. For example,
great
yields
greatly
, and
beautiful
yields
beautifully
. (Notethat some words that end in
-ly
, such as
friendly
and
lovely
, are not adverbs, butadjectives, in which case the root word is usually a noun. There are also underivedadjectives that end in
-ly
, such as
holy
and
silly
.)The suffix -
ly
is related to the Germanic word
"lich"
meaning corpse or body. (There isalso an obsolete English word
lych
or
with the same meaning.) Both words are alsorelated to the word
like
. The connection between
-ly
and
like
is easy to understand. The
connection to
lich
is probably that both are descended from an earlier word that meantsomething like "shape" or "form".
In this way, -ly in English is cognate with the common German adjective ending
-lich
andthe Dutch ending
-lijk
. This same process is followed in Romance languages with theending -mente, -ment, or -mense meaning "of/like the mind".In some cases, the suffix
-wise
may be used to derive adverbs from nouns. Historically,
-wise
competed with a related form
-ways
and won out against it. In a few words, like
sideways
,
-ways
survives; words like
clockwise
show the transition. Again, it is not afoolproof indicator of a word being an adverb. Some adverbs are formed from nouns or adjectives by appending the prefix
a
- (such as
abreast
,
astray
). There are a number of other suffixes in English that derive adverbs from other word classes, and there are alsomany adverbs that are not morphologically indicated at all.Comparative adverbs include
more
,
most
,
least
, and
less
(in phrases such as
morebeautiful
,
most easily
etc.).The usual form pertaining to adjectives or adverbs is called the positive. Formally,adverbs in English are inflected in terms of comparison, just likeadjectives.The
comparative andsuperlative forms of some (especially single-syllable) adverbs that do
not end in -
ly
are generated by adding
-er
and
-est
(
She ran faster
;
He jumps highest
).Others, especially those ending -
ly
, are periphrasticallycompared by the use of
more
or
most
(
She ran more quickly
) -- while some accept both forms, e.g.
oftener
and
more often
are both correct. Adverbs also take comparisons with
as ... as
,
less
, and
least
. Not alladverbs are comparable; for example in the sentence
He wore red yesterday
it does notmake sense to speak of "more yesterday" or "most yesterday".
Adverbs are considered a part of speech in traditional English grammar and are stillincluded as a part of speech in grammar taught in schools and used in dictionaries.However, modern grammarians recognize that words traditionally grouped together asadverbs serve a number of different functions. Some would go so far as to call adverbs a"catch-all" category that includes all words that do not belong to one of the other parts of speech.A more logical approach to dividing words into classes relies on recognizing whichwords can be used in a certain context. For example, a noun is a word that can be insertedin the following template to form a grammatical sentence:The _____ is red. (For example, "The hat is red".)When this approach is taken, it is seen that adverbs fall into a number of differentcategories. For example, some adverbs can be used to modify an entire sentence, whereasothers cannot. Even when a sentential adverb has other functions, the meaning is often
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