WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1
TOPIC 5 English Sound System: Pronunciation, Enunciation,Stress and Intonation
This topic intends to assist course participants to be aware of the English soundsystem with emphasis on special features of English pronunciation such aslong/short vowels, final consonants, consonant clusters, diphthongs andtriphthongs.
Learning Outcomes
Listen critically to various sounds and respond appropriately
Speak fluently,correctly and confidently for a variety of purposes
ContentFeatures of Pronunciation
PhonemesConsonants VowelsVoiced VoicelessSinglevowelsDiphthongsTriphthongsShort LongSuprasegmental FeatureIntonation StressRising FallingWord Sentence
WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1
Phonology
Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language.Study the two charts below:(Bogle, 1996)
lower lip
Fig. 2: Chart of the consonants used in English (R.P.), showing degree of voicing,place and manner of articulation. Notice that the symbols for voiceless sounds are always placed on the left side of the box and voiced sounds on the right.Fig. 1: Speech Organs
WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency 1
Why teach pronunciation?
i. English is not pronounced as it is written.ii. Vowels and Consonants can often be pronounced in different ways.iii. Incorrect pronunciation is one of the main reasons for breakdown incommunication.iv. Pronunciation helps students to be more confident when they speak.
Task: List other reasons why pronunciation is taught
.Phonemes are the different sounds within a language. In English, they compriseof two categories:i. vowels - all vowel sounds are voiced- may be single;
there are five long vowel sounds; and / i: / / u:/ /
ɑː
/ /
ɔː
/ /
ɜ
: /
seven short vowel sounds /
ɪ
/ / u / /æ/ /
ɒ
/ / e / /
ə
/ /
ʌ
/ - may be a combination of two vowels (diphthong);
there are eight diphthongs /e
ɪ
/ /a
ɪ
/ /
ɔɪ
/ /
əʊ
/ /a
ʊ
/ /e
ə
/ /
ɪə
/ /
ʊə
/ - may be a combination of three vowels (triphthong)
Three most common three triphthongs /a
ɪə
/ fire , riot /a
ʊə
/ power, shower /
ɔɪə
/ employer, foyerii. consonants - can be either voiced or voiceless (Figure 2)
Exercise 1
Transcribe the phonemic symbols into orthography. Read the words aloud.
bjuːtə
f(
ə
)l kl
əʊ
ð b
ɑːskɪt
p
ɪ
kn
ɪ
kl
ʌ
v
læŋɡwɪdʒ
met
ə
f
ə
(r) s
ɒ
n
ɪ
teks
ə
(r)sa
ɪ
z p
əʊɪ
tri p
əʊɪ
m
θiːm
fe
ɪ
b(
ə
)l fla
ʊə
(r) da
ɪəɡ
ræm kæl
ɪ
nd
ə
(r)
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WAJ3102 English Language Proficiency TOPIC 5
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