Vi ring mn Ho, hin nay c rt nhiu phng php gii nhanh.

gip cc bn hc
sinh hc tt hn mn Ho mt khc cng gip cho mn Ho ngy cng phong ph hn,
Ti xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt phng php gii nhanh, l: S (V). N rt hu
hiu, nhanh hn c: nh lut bo ton electron, hn ch vit phng trnh phn ng .

S (V)

L Minh Vng

Sau y l cng thc v cc bi tp p dng :

iu kin: Khi cho mt hay nhiu kim loi c ho tr khc nhau vo dung dch H 2SO4 ,
HCl, HNO3 . Kim loi ng trc H 2 trong dy in ho .
Ta c s (V):
-

HCl :
2a Cl

a H2
cR
-

H 2SO4 :

a SO42-

a H2
cR

HNO3:

b NxOy

(5x 2y)b NO
(5x 2y)R

Ring trng hp:

HNO3 NH4NO3

b NH+4

8b NO 3
8R

( vi a, c l cc h s , b l ho tr chung cho cc kim loi ).

Bi tp p dng :

c=
2a
b

Vd 1 : Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe, Zn trong dung dch H 2SO4

long thu c 0,4 mol H2 v x gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh x ? .
A. 48,6 gam
B. 49,4 gam
C. 89,3 gam
D. 56,4 gam
Bi lm
Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Al , Fe , Zn . Ho tr chung l b
S (V) :
b H2
b SO42- (banu: H 2
SO42- )
2
R
b

2R

n
m

H2

SO42

SO 2 4

= 0,4 mol

= 96 . 0,4 = 38,4 g

m mui = 38,4 + 11 = 49,4 g .

Vd 2 : t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe , Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp
3 oxit . ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? .
A. 9,45 gam
B.7,49 gam
C.8,54 gam
D. 6,45 gam
Bi lm
Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Al , Fe , Cu.Ho tr chung l b
R R b + RCl b ,
S (V) :

nO =

4,14 2,86
= 0,08 .
16

2b Cl

b H 2O
2 R b+

n Cl - = 2 n O = 0,16 mol
mCl = 0,16 . 35,5 = 5,68 (g)
m mui = 5,68 + 2,86 = 8,54 (g).
Vd 3 : t chy x gam hh 3 kim loi Mg , Al , Fe bng 0,8 mol O2 , thu c 37,4 gam
hh rn B v cn li 0,2 mol O2 . Ho tan 37,4 gam hh B bng y lt dd H 2SO4 2 M ( va
) , thu c z gam hh mui khan . Tnh x, y,z .
A. 18,2gam, 0,6 lt, 133,4 gam
B.98,3gam,0,7lt,122,4gam
C. 23,1gam,0,8lt,123,4gam
D.89,5gam,0,5lt,127,1gam
Bi lm
Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Mg , Al , Fe . Ho tr chung l b
m kim loai = 37,4 1,2 .16 = 18,2 (g) = x
1

( nO 2 = 2 nO v ta chng minh c : mO 2 = mO )
S (V): bH2O

bSO42-

2R b+
2

n SO 4 = nO = 1,2 mol
mSO42 = 1,2 . 96 = 115,2 (g)
2

n axit = n SO 4
V=y=

= 1,2 mol

1,2
= 0,6 lt
2

z = 18,2 + 115,2 = 133,4 (g).

Vd 4 : Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml dd
HNO3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui
khan . Tnh m .
A. 77,92 gam
B.86,8 gam
C. 76,34 gam
D. 99,72 gam
Bi lm
b+
Gi : R l chung cho cc ion kim loi : Cu 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 3+ . Ho tr chung l b
S (V): bH2O
2b NO32R b+
nO =

1
1
nNO 3 =
. 1,4 = 0,7 mol
2
2

mO = 11,2 (g)
m kimloi = 24,12 11,2 = 12,92 (g)

mNO 3 = 1,4 . 62 = 86,8 (g) (nNO 3 = 1,4 mol)

m mui = 86,8 + 12,92 = 99,72 (g) .
Vd 5 : Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tc dng ht
vi nc thu uc dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Nu c cn dung dch B c
m1 gam hn hp rn , cn nu trung ho dung dich B bng dung dich HCl ri c cn dung
dch sn phm th c m2 gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh m1 v m2 .
A. 21,1 gam , 26,65gam
B. 12,3gam,36,65gam
C. 54,3gam,76,3gam
D. 12,3gam ,67,4gam
Bi lm

Gi : Rn+l chung cho cc ion kim loi kim v kim th . Ho tr chung l b

S (V1) :

b H2

2b OH-

2R b+
nOH- = 2 nH 2 = 2 . 0,15 = 0,3 mol
mOH- = 0,3 .17 = 5,1 (g)
m1 = 16 + 5,1 = 21,1 (g)
S (V2) :
2bCl-

2bH2O

( Do H2O H+ + OH- )

2R b+
nCl- = nOH- = 0,3 mol
mCl- = 0,3 . 35,5 = 10,65 (g)
m2 = 16 + 10,65 = 26, 65 (g) .
Mi chi tit xin lin h : L MINH VNG lp 12A4 ,trng THPT chuyn Thoi
Ngc Hu , tp.Long Xuyn ,tnh An Giang
a ch : S nh 231 ,t 14 , p Ho Ph I ,TT.An Chu ,huyn Chu Thnh, tnh An
Giang
n thoi : 076.651878