How do we classify matter?

Matter Physical Changes Pure Substances 100% Constant Composition y y y Filtration Distillation Magnetise Ability to sort physically Compounds

2 or more different substances that combine together as a result of a physical change. (substances retain their properties) 1 exception: 1 or more of same substance can form a mixture if those substances are in a different physical state (ex: ice in water)

Mixture Variable composition (less than 100% of 1 type of matter)

Elements

Chemical change or reaction to break

Homogeneous AKA Solutions y Matter is uniformly distributed throughout sample y Solute + Solvent = Solution y Solvent helps to dissolve solute y If solvent is water we call it an aqueous solution Ex. S-L salt & water, koolaid (sugar & H2O) & means not chemical combined L-L rubbing alcohol 70% isopropyl alcohol & 30% H2O % indicates mixture G-L seltzer water or soda CO2 & H2O G-G air (N2,O2,CO2,He) Separating commas = mixture S-S any S-S mixture is an alloy (always made of 2 or more metals. Have to add heat. Metals do not chemically combine. Ex. Brass = Cu+Zn. + means physically mixed). Ex.

Heterogeneous Matter is not uniformly distributed throughout sample

Simplest form of matter (Old definition) that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical reactions/changes. Ex. Element Name = Chemical Symbol
N = Nitrogen S =Sulfur K = Potassium C Carbon Ca = Calcium Hg = Mercury Au = Gold Pb = Lead Characteristics of a Compound
1. Law of Definite Proportions or Law of Constant Composition Elements in a compound always combine in definite proportions (ratio) by mass (law require
measurement) H2 O H O 2 : 1 H2O2 H O 12 : 12 2.0g 32.0g total 34.0g H2O2 1g:16g or 6%H : 94%O

2 or more different elements boned together as a result of a chemical reaction or chemical change. Ex. Compound Name = Chemical Formula
Water = Hydrogen Oxide = H2O
2 atoms of hydrogen for every 1 atom of oxygen Hydrogen Peroxide = H2O2 2 atoms of hydrogen for every 2 atoms of oxygen 1:1 ration Copper Phosphate = CU3(PO4)2 3 atoms of copper to 2 atoms of phosphate to 8 atoms of oxygen Table Salt = Sodium Chloride = NaCl 1 atom of sodium to 1 atom of chlorine Epsom Salt = Magnesium Sulfate = MgSO4 1 atom of magnesium to 1 atom of sulfur to 4 atoms of oxygen

Fe (iron) and S (sulfur) Separate with magnet Oil and water Salt and pepper Salt and sugar (w/10x microscope can see difference) Ore = mixture of minerals and are always heterogeneous. Ex. Granite

Atomic Level

Mass 18.0g 2.0g Level total 20.0g H2O 1g:8g or 11%H : 89%O

Chemical Formula gives: 1) Chemical composition 2) # of atoms of each element

2. Elements that combine to form a compound have different properties (chemical & physical) then the compound itself. H2 (g) + O2 (g) = H2O (l)

(called subscripts)
3. Compound can be broken down into their component elements by chemical changes or reactions.