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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 25 TO 30 WORDS EACH
1.
FROM WHICH COUNTRIES OF EUROPE DID THE COLONIZERS COME TO AMERICA? WHY DIDTHEY COME TO AMERICA?
1.
Colonizers came to America from the European countries, viz. Spain, England, France, the Netherlandsand Portugal in which verginia was the first.
2.
They came to America to settle
colonies and eager to reap the benefits of Nature‘s bounty
.
2.
WHAT WERE THE PROBLEMS OF THE COLONISTS? WHICH PROBLEM DID THE COLONISTS FACE?
The Colonists face the following problems:
1.
There were protest of the Red Indians who were original inhabitants of America.
2.
There were mutual border disputes between the neighbouring colonies.
3.
Agriculture and trade activities had to be regularised.
4.
Administrative set up need to be devised.
3.
WHAT DID ENRAGE
MANY A COLONIST AFTER THE END OF THE „SEVEN YEARS‟ WAR?
1.
A war broke out between England and France over possession of certain areas in Ohio and elsewhere inNorth America, known as Seven years war.
2.
After the end of seven years war (1756-1763), England acquired possession of Canada and all lands lyingbetween the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River from France.
3.
As these newly acquired territory was temporarily reserved as Red Indian Hunting grounds.The colonists wanting to move westward beyond the Appalachian were restrained from doing so byEngland.
4.
This enraged (angry) many a Colonists after the end of the seven years war.
4.
WHY DID THE MERCHANT COMMUNITY GROW APPREHENSIVE ABOUT THE SUGAR ACT?
1.
England was facing enormous financial problems due
to the Seven years‘ War, with a view to raise
revenue for England in the colonies; the Sugar Act of 1764 was passed by the British Parliament.
2.
It imposed a tariff duty on sugar imported into America from West Indies.
3.
It also made the customs checks more stringent.
4.
Hence, The Merchant community grow apprehensive about this act.
5.
WHY DID THE STAMP ACT PROVE TO BE AN UNJUST ACT?
The Stamp Act prove to be an unjust Act because
1.
It affected various strata of the American society as it levied stamp duty on newspapers, legal documents,
insurance policies, ship‘s papers and licences and even playing cards.
2.
Because of the above reason the stamp act prove to be an unjust act.
6.
HOW DID THE COLONISTS CONDEMN THE STAMP ACT? WHAT WAS ITS EFFECT?
(A)
The Stamp Act was severely condemned by the colonies and they expressed their protest in the followingways
1
The protestations took the form of virulent attack on the nature of the British constitution
2.
They boycott of British goods and civil disobedience.
(B)
The resistance of the colonists was so strong that the British Parliament was forced to repeal the StampAct.
7.
WHY WAS THE TENSION MOUNTING BETWEEN THE COLONIES AND ENGLAND?
1.
Tension was already mounting between the colonies and the Mother country on account of the presenceof the British Army with its headquarters first in New York and then in Boston.
2.
This army was actually kept for securing frontiers.
3.
But the colonists saw this army as an attempt to control them
4.
The incident known as ‗Boston massacre‘ (5
th
March, 1770) was the result of frequent clashes betweenthe colonists and the Red Coats, meaning the British Soldiers.
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8.
WHY THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IS REGARDED AS THE STARTING POINT IN THE HISTORY OFTHE MODERN WORLD?
1.
The French revolutions was outwardly a revolt against monarchy, but the aim of bringing about socialequality was the underlying inspirations
2.
This is why the French revolution is regarded as the starting
point of history of the modern world.
9.
WHAT IS MEANT BY A REVOLUTION? (MAR 2008)
1.
A Revolution means a fundamental change brought about intentionally.
2.
People are aroused to action when a certain social system inflicts injustice, either on an individual or thesociety as a whole and tries to thwart (spoil) social development.
3.
Such action in the form of a revolt destroys the old system and replaces it with a new system based onnew values.
4.
In other words, a revolution is a social struggle against injustice.
10.
HOW WAS THE FRENCH SOCIETY DIVIDED BEFORE THE REVOLUTION?
1.
Before the revolution, The French society was divided into
three social classes
: The first Estate, thesecond estate and the third estate, in the descending order
2.
The first estate consisted of higher order of priests and clergy.
3.
Nobles and landlords were included in the second estate.
4.
First two classes together accounted for only
four
percent of the French population.
5.
The rest
96
percent constituted the third estates. Merchants, lawyers, doctors, teachers, craftsman,farmers and serfs included in the third estates.
11.
EXPLAIN THE ROUSSEAU
‟S CONCEPT OF THE ST
ATE?
Rousseau, one of the outstanding thinkers of the world is regarded as an inspiration behind the FrenchRevolution
.
1.
A
ccording to Rousseau, the society creates a ‗Political‘ state‘ for a stable life.
2.
The state is not a divine creation but is the outcome of a sort of unwritten social contract.
3.
I
f the state failed to abide by the terms of the contract, people have natural and moral rights tooverthrow the state authority.
12.
HOW DID LOUIS XVI TRY TO IMPROVE THE CONDITIONS IN FRANCE?
1.
Louis
XVI was
crowned as a French monarch when France faced extreme financial crises.
2.
Louis
XVI
had made an honest effort to bring France out of the financial difficulties with the help of hisfinance ministers Turgot, Necker and Calonne.
3.
He had convened a meeting of the nobles and put before them his finance ministers‘ proposal to levy
taxes on the noble.
4.
He had also explained to them the difficulties the country would face if the proposal was not accepted.
5.
The nobles, however, were adamant and refused to accept the proposal, Louis XVI convened the Estates
General, the representative‘s body of all t
he three classes in France.
13.
WHICH PRINCIPLES WERE PROCLAIMED
(
make known
)
BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN THE
„DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS‟?
1.
In the declaration of human Rights the National Assembly proclaimed the principles of liberty,equality and Fraternity.
2.
These principles not only served as the basis of the French Constitution but also provided avalue structure to the mankind.
14.
WHAT CONDITIONS LAID THE FOUNDATIONS OF CAPITALIST ECONOMY IN EUROPE?
1.
With the discovery of new-routes, a number of European merchants came forward to trade with theeastern countries.
2.
Trading companies with share capital contributed by different individuals were formed.
3.
The rulers also gave military protection to merchant ships and granted trade concessions too.
4.
Wealth began to accumulate in Europe.
5.
These conditions laid the foundation of
Capitalist Economy
in Europe.
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