MMPHPEbook

PHP Guide Book
Moe Myint Shein
PHP GUIDE BOOK

First Edition
Moe Myint Shein
Youth Dreams
PHP Guide Book
Moe Myint Shein
Part (I)
Part
(II)
First edition
Second edition
First Edition

Chapter
PHP
Web Developer
PHP
Programming
..code
run
code
w3schools.com reference
moemyintsheinster@gmail.com
www.moemyintshein.com
Youth Dreams
PHP Guide Book
Moe Myint Shein
Contents at a Glance
Chapter 1
Introducing PHP
Chpater 2
The Building Blocks of PHP
Chapter 3
Flow Control Functoins in PHP
14
Chapter 4
Working With Functions and Forms
25
Chapter 5
PHP Date, Include, File Handling & Some PHP Advaced
32
Chapter 6
PHP and AJAX
54
Chapter 7
PHP MyAdmin Basic
74
Chapter 8
PHP and Database
83
Chapter 9
XML and PHP
97
Chatper 10 Exception Handling and Filter in PHP
124
Conclusion
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Chapter 1 Introducing PHP

What is PHP?
PHP
dynamic web pages
scripting language
PHP
web
scripts

stand
alone
application
application
PHP
) PHP

Rasmus
Lerdorf
1994
PHP
Personal Home Page

Rasmus Lerdorf
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

PHP
programming language
PHP
THE
PHP GROUP maintain
PHP PHP License
free
software

PHP general-purpose scripting language
web
development
HTML
coding
web server
run

web servers

Operating
System
Platform
PHP
websites

web
server
install
syntax

operating
system
Apache
(web
server)
Perl

Windows

Microsoft
IIS

official current release
PHP 5.3.2 (March 4, 2010)
latest preview release

5.3.3 rc3 (July
15, 2010)

PHP 4 PHP 5
object-oriented programming language

PHP
language

database
open source

PHP

JSP, ROR
ASP.net
..
PHP
PHP
server-side language
code
server
run

server-side language
web page
host
server
information
server
run

browser
web
page
click
click
result
server
Input
server
server-side
client-side language
user
client
run
JavaScript
client web browser

web server
information
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browser code
interprets
client-side server-side

form
sign up
text box
data
client side language
valid
submit
server
server
information
web server
save

server side
Fig 1.1 PHP

server
user web page
request
PHP

Apache web server
My SQL Database
PHP
software
localhost
software

package software
software
web server
database
software
windows

WAMP
XAMPP
apache, mysql, php
XAMPP
http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html
windows version
xampp installer
software
xampp
htdocs
php
folder

save

PHP
PHP,
Apache
MySQL
Install
Part (II)
XAMPP
Web Browser (firefox, IE)

text
editor

PHP editor
Dream weaver CS 4
Notepad
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Chapter 2.The Building Blocks of PHP

Basic PHP Syntax
PHP
<?php
?>

PHP block
document
<?
?>
<?php
?>
PHP file
HTML
HTML tag

PHP code

PHP script
browser
Hello World
code

<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello World";
?>
</body>
</html>
code

run
Dreamweaver
PHP
code

Notepad

code
copy paste
save
.. save

C
xampp
htdocs
php

1.php, 2.php
browser
http://localhost/php/1.php, http://localhost/php/2.php
PHP
code
semicolon
semicolon
separator
PHP
text

output
statements
echo
print

echo
Hello World
output
save
.php
.html
PHP code

Comments in PHP
PHP
single line comment
//

/*
*/
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<html>
<body>
<?php
//This is a comment
/*
This is
a comment
block
*/
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Variables
variable
number

strings
arrays
function
result
variable
php script
PHP
variable

$var_name = value;

string variable
number variable
<?php
$txt = "Hello World!";
$number = 10;
?>
PHP
variable
data type
variable
data
type
data type
PHP

Java
Strong
type language

data type

variable
variable name
letter
underscore _
variable name
alpha-numeric characters
underscores (
a-z, A-Z, 0-9,
_ )
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variable name
space
variable name
( word )
underscore (_)
($my_string)
capital letter
($myString)
Strings in PHP
String variable
text (character stings)
string

function
operators

String

string
function
variable
Hello
World
String
$txt
string
variable
assign
<?php
$txt = "Hello World";
echo $txt;
?>
output
Hello World
string
function
operators
manipulate
The Concatenation Operator

PHP
string

operator

concatenation operator
(.)
string value
dot (.) operator

string
<?php
$txt1="Hello World";
$txt2="12345";
echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2;
?>
output
Hello World 12345
code
concatenation operator
(.)
string
(empty
space)
Using the strlen() function

strlen() function
string
length

Hello World!
string
length
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<?php
echo strlen("Hello World!");
?>
output

12

string
length
looping

function
Using the strpos() function

strpos() function
string
character

string
<?php
echo strpos("Hello World!", "World");
?>
output
6

World
string
position 1
PHP
string
function
PHP Operators

PHP
operator
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic Operators

run

<?php
$no1=2;
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$no2=3;
$no3= $no1+$no2;
echo $no3;
?>
code
run
output 5

Division
15
2.5
<?php
$no1=5;
$no2=2;
$no3= $no1/$no2;
echo $no3;
?>
Modulus

5%2
1

.. 10%2
<?php
$no1=5;
$no2=2;
$no3= $no1%$no2;
echo $no3;
?>
Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators

..PHP

x=x+y
x
PHP
assignment operator
x+=y
run

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<?php
$x=5;
$y=2;
$z= $x+=$y;
echo $z;
?>
Output 7

Comparison Operators
Comoparison Operators

==

5 8
5==8
result
false
$x=5;
$y=2;
if ($x==$y)
echo true;
else echo false;
?>

code
run
false
variable x y 3
run
output true
$x=3;
$y=3;
if ($x==$y)
echo "true";
else echo "false";
?>
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Logical Operators
Logical Operators

.. Operator
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Chapter 3.Flow Control Functions in PHP

PHP If Else Statements
PHP
if, elseif
else statements

condition
Conditional Statements
coding
conditional statements
The ifelse statement
code
run
..

code

run
ifelse statement

syntax
if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if condition is false;
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
</body>
</html>
code
run

Have a nice weekend
Have a nice day
run Have a nice weekend
..
Computer
System Date
Tuesday
run

Have a nice day
:)
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condition
code
run

curly braces
{ }
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
{
echo "Hello! <br/>";
echo " See you on Monday!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
code
output
Hello!
Have a nice weekend! See you on Monday!
Computer System Date
..
The elseif statement
condition

code
run
elseif statement
syntax
if (condition)
elseif (condition)
else
code to be executed if condition is false;
<html>
<body>
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<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
elseif ($d=="Sun")
echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
</body>
</html>
Have a nice weekend!
Have a nice Sunday!
output

Have a nice day!
The Switch Statement
code
run

case

switch case statement
ifelseifelse statement

Syntax
switch (expression )
{
case label1:
code to be executed if expression = label1;

break;
case label2:
code to be executed if expression = label2;

break;
default:
code to be executed
if expression is different
from both label1 and label2;

}
run

<html>
<body>
<?php
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$x=4;
switch ($x)
{
case 1:
echo "Number 1";
break;
case 2:
echo "Number 2";
break;
case 3:
echo "Number 3";

break;
default:
echo "No number between 1 and 3";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
code
run
No
number
between
and
..
$x=2
assign

$x=4
Number 2
output
single expression
variable
evaluate

.. code
case
expression
case

code
execute (run)
execute
case
run
break
case
default statement
execute
PHP Arrays
array
variable
name
variable

variable

array
elements

array
element
(ID)
array
-Numeric array ID key
array
-Associative array- ID key

array
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-Multidimensional array-
array
array
Numeric array
numeric array
$names = array("MgMg","MaMa","KoKo");
ID key

code
manual
$names[0] = "MgMg";
$names[1] = "MaMa";
$names[2] = "KoKo";
PHP coding
<?php>
$names[0] = "MgMg";
$names[1] = "MaMa";
$names[2] = "KoKo";
echo $names[1] . " and " . $names[2] . " are " . $names[0] . "'s neighbours";
?>
output
MaMa and KoKo are MgMg's neighbours
Associative Arrays
associative array
ID key
numerical array
associative
arrays
key

array

assign
array
assign (
$ages = array ("MgMg"=>18,"MaMa"=>20,"KoKo"=>19);

..

array
$ages['MgMg'] = "18";
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$ages['MaMa'] = "20";
$ages['KoKo'] = "19";
code
PHP
<?php>
$ages['MgMg'] = "18";
$ages['MaMa'] = "20";
$ages['KoKo'] = "19";
echo "KoKo is" . $ages['KoKo'] . " years old.";
?>
output
KoKo is19 years old.
Multidimensional Arrays
multidimensional array
array
..

array
element

array
sub array
elelment

array

..

<?php
$families = array
(
"Griffin"=>array
(
"Peter",
"Lois",
"Megan"
),
"Quagmire"=>array
(
"Glenn"
),
"Brown"=>array
(
"Cleveland",
"Loretta",
"Junior"
)
);
echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] .
" a part of the Griffin family?";
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?>

php code
$families
variable
array

Griffin, Quagmire,
Brown

Griffin
Peter, Lois, Megan
array
Quagmire
Glenn Brown
Cleveland, Loretta, Junior
run
Output
Is Megan a part of the Griffin family?

Griffin array
Megan

Peter
Lois
PHP Looping
code
run

looping

PHP
looping
statements
while -

code
run

run
dowhile -
code
run

..

run
for -
code
run
foreach array
element
code
run
The while Statement
code
run

run
Syntax
while (condition)
code to be executed;
Example
code
variable i
looping
loop
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=1;
while ($i<=5)
{
echo "The number is " . $i . "<br/>";
$i++;
}
?>
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</body>
</html>
output
The number is 1
The number is 2
The number is 3
The number is 4
The number is 5
variable i
1 assign

..

.. i
{ }
code

The number is 1

output

<br/>

.. i

.. }
while

.. i

.. The number is 2

..
while
.. { }
code

..
The dowhile Statement
code
run
..

run

..

run

Syntax
do
{
}
while (condition);
Example
<html>
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<body>
<?php
$a=0;
do
{
$a++;
echo "The number is " . $a . "<br/>";
}
while ($a<5);
?>
</body>
</html>

variable a
do {}
code

.. a

echo
The number is 1

..<br/>

..a
do
do { }

..a

looping

..
output
The number is 1
The number is 2
The number is 3
The number is 4
The number is 5
The for Statement
code
run
for
statement
syntax
for (init; cond; incr)
{
}
init
initial value
..

cond
condition
condition
loop

incr
init
increment
Hellow World!
<html>
<body>
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<?php
for ( $i=1; $i<=10; $i++)
{
echo "Hello World!<br />";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
variable i

i 10

..
Hello
World!

.. i

..i 2

.. 10

..

Hello World!

..
program
output

..
10
11
.. Looping

..output
Hello World!
The foreach Statement

foreach statement

array
looping
Syntax (
)
foreach (array as value)
{
}
<html>
<body>
<?php
$arr=array("one", "two", "three");
foreach ($arr as $value)
{
echo "Value: " . $value. "<br />";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
output
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Value: one
Value: two
Value: three
looping
array element
$value
assign

array
pointer

element
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Chapter 4.Working With Functions & Forms

PHP Functions

PHP
function
..PHP
built-in

functions
700

function
Creating a PHP Function

function
code
..
function

function
function ()
function

function
letter
underscore
function

function
code

..
function
function
Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName()
{
echo "Moe Myint Shein";
}
writeMyName();
?>
</body>
</html>
writeMyName()
function

..
code
screen
.. function
writeMyName();
<html>
<body>
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<?php
function writeMyName()
{
echo "Moe Myint Shein";
}
echo "Hello World! <br />";
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName();
echo ". <br /> That's right, ";
writeMyName();
echo " is my name.";

?>
</body>
</html>
output
Hello World!
My name is Moe Myint Shein.
That's right, Moe Myint Shein is my name.
function
PHP Functions- Adding parameters
writeMyName()
function

string

echo
function
parameters

parameter
variable
writeMyName()
function name
parentheses
()

paramenter
parentheses
Example 1
first name
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName($fname)
{
echo $fname. "Moe. <br />";
}
echo "My name is ";
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writeMyName("Shwe");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName("Ngwe");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName("Sein");
?>
</body>
</html>
output
My name is ShweMoe.
My name is NgweMoe.
My name is SeinMoe
writeMyName ()
function
$fname
parameter
function
code
.. $fname
parameter
Moe
echo
writeMyName()
function
Shwe
parameter
writeMyName(Shwe);
$fname
Shwe

ShweMoe

parameter
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeMyName($fname, $punctuation)
{
echo $fname. "Moe". $punctuation . "<br />";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName("Shwe", ".");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName("Ngwe","!");
echo "My name is ";
writeMyName("Sein","...");
?>
</body>
</html>
run
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My name is ShweMoe.
My name is NgweMoe!
My name is SeinMoe...

$punctuation
parameter
. , !,

function
PHP Functions Return Values

function
return
<html>
<body>
<?php
function add($x,$y)
{
$total= $x + $y;
return $total;
}
echo "1+16=" . add(1,16);
?>
</body>
</html>
output - 1+16=17
add () function
$x
$y parameter
parameter
$total
..
$total
return

.. add() function
$total

add(1,16);
function
function
.. 1
16
$total
17

..
return
output
1+16=17
PHP Forms and User Input

user
Form

PHP
$_GET
$_POST
variable

HTML form PHP form
HTML Page
form element

PHP code

<html>
<body>
<form action = "welcome.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"/>
Age:<input type="text" name ="age"/>
<input type="submit"/>
</form>
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</body>
</html>
code
form1.html
save
input field
button

user
form
submit button
form

welcome.php
file

welcome.php
button
object not
found
welcome.php
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST ["name"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_POST ["age"]; ?> years old.
</body>
</html>
welcome.php

form1.html

folder
save

..
form1.html
http://localhost/php/form1.html
run
submit
button
output
Welcome Moe Myint Shein

You are 20 years old.
PHP $_GET
PHP $_GET variable
get method

form
$_GET variable HTTP GET method
variable names
array
GET
method
(browser
address
bar
100 characters
Example
<form action ="welcome1.php" method ="get">
Name:<input type="text" name = "name1"/>
Age: <input type= "text" name = "age1"/>
</form>
code
form2.php
save
php
html file

C:
xampp
htdocs
php
save
http://localhost/php/form2.php
browser address bar
run
) welcome1.php
file
save

Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name1"]; ?>.<br />
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You are <?php echo $_GET["age1"]; ?> years old!
form2.php
run

text box
submit button
address
bar
http://localhost/php/welcome1.php?name1=Moe+Myint+Shein&age1=20

.. welcome1.php
name1
age1
$GET variable
catch
browser
Welcome moemyintshein.
You are 20 years old!
$_GET variable

variable name
address bar
password
variable
URL
variable values

character
100
THE $ REQUEST Variable

$_REQUEST variable $_GET, $_POST
$_COOKIE

Get method
POST method
data
result
welcome1.php
$_GET
$_REQUEST
Welcome <?php echo $_REQUEST["name1"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_REQUEST["age1"]; ?> years old!
PHP $_POST
$_POST variable
HTTP POST method
variable name
values
array
method= post

form
POST method

browser address bar
form3.php
save

Example
<form action="welcome2.php" method="post">
Enter your name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Enter your age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
welcome2.php
code
POST
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old!
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form3.php
run
submit
GET method

address bar
http://localhost/php/welcome2.php

output
GET
method
$_REQUEST Variable
$POST

..
GET method
POST method
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Chapter 5 .PHP Date, Include & File Handling

The PHP Date() Function
function

Syntax
date(format, timestamp)

format
parameter
format

timestamp
optional
default

timestamp

timestamp

1970
GMT 00:00:00

Unix Timestamp

date() function
parameter
format date/time
format

letter
d -

(01-31)
m -

(01-12)
Y digit
/, ., -
character
letter
<?php
echo date("Y/m/d");
echo "<br />";
echo date("Y.m.d");
echo "<br />";
echo date ("Y-m-d");
?>

code
run
output
2009/09/13
2009.09.13
2009-09-13
date()
function
format
parameter

timestamp
PHP Date- Adding a Timestamp

date() function

parameter
timestamp
mktime ()
function

timestamp
mktime() function
specified date
Unix timestamp
return
Syntax
mktime(hour, minute, second, month, day, year, is_dat)
mktime() function
day
argument

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<?php
$tomorrow = mktime(0,0,0,date("m"),date("d")+1, date("Y"));
echo "Tomorrow is ". date("Y/m/d", $tomorrow);
?>
output Tomorrow is 2009/09/14

13
PHP Include File

Server Side Includes
SSI
functions
header
footer
elements
Server Side Includes

include()

require()
function
PHP file

run
file
content

function
include () function
warning

..
script

execute

require () function error
script

execute

function
function header footer

elements
developer
web
page
header
menu file

header
update
include
file
update

site

web page

link
update
menu
file
Example
header.php
header file

header file
page
include() function
<html>
<body>
<?php include("header.php"); ?>
<h1> Welcome to my home page</h1>
<p> Some text</p>
</body>
</html>
Example 2
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include
Moe Myint Shein
file
.php
web
page
menu file

menu.php
<html>
<body>
<a href ="http://www.moemyintshein.com/default.php"> Home </a> |
<a href= "http://www.moemyintshein.com/about.php"> About Me</a> |
<a href="http://www.moemyintshein.com/contact.php"> Contact Me</a>
</body>
</html>
default.php , about.php
contact.php
file
menu.php
file
default.php
code
<html>
<body>
<?php include("menu.php");?>
<h1> Welcome to my home page</h1>
<p> Some text</p>
</body>
</html>
menu.php
run
output
Home | About Us | Contact Us

default.php
run


Welcome to my home page
Some text

default.php
menu.php
directory(folder)
about.php
<html>
<body>
<?php include("menu.php");?>
<h1> Welcome to my about me page.</h1>
<p> Some text</p>
</body>
</html>
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Output
Welcome to my about me page.

Some text
source
<html>
<body>
<html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/default.php">Home</a> |
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/about.php">About Us</a> |
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/contact.php">Contact Us</a><h1> Welcome to my about me
page.</h1>
<p> Some text</p>
</body>
</html>
contact.php

include
include.php
file

menu
link

site

web page

page
file
menu.php
code
The require() Function

require
()
function
include()
function
error

include() function
warning
script
run

require() function
error message
execute
include() function
error
error message
PHP CODE
<html>
<body>
<?php
include("wrongFile.php");
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echo "Hello World!";

?>
</body>
</html>
ERROR MESSAGE
Warning: include(wrongFile.php) [function.include]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in
C:\xampp\htdocs\php\10.php
Warning:
include()
on
[function.include]:
(include_path='.;C:\xampp\php\pear\')
line
Failed
in
opening
'wrongFile.php'
for
on
inclusion
line
Hello World!
error message
echo

Hello World
execute
include
warning
execute
require() function
PHP CODE
<html>
<body>
<?php
require("wrongFile.php");
echo "Hello World!";
?>
</body>
</html>
Error Message
Warning: require(wrongFile.php) [function.require]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in

Fatal
error:
require()
on
[function.require]:
line
Failed
opening
required
'wrongFile.php'
(include_path='.;C:\xampp\php\pear\') in C:\xampp\htdocs\php\10.php on line 5
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echo statement
execute
require
error

execute
include()
require()
recommend

file
missing
script
execute
PHP File Handling

Opening a File
PHP
fopen() function
file

function
parameter
..
parameter

<html>
<body>
<?php
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r");
?>
</body>
</html>
file

parameter

mode
r
read only

welcome.txt
file
directory
fopen() function
Unable to Open File !
error message
<html>
<body>
<?php
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r") or exit("Unable to open file!");

?>
</body>
</html>
Closing a File
fcolse() function
..
<?php
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$file = fopen("welcome2.txt","r");
//some code to be executed
fclose($file);
?>
Checking End-of-File
feof() function
(End of File)

function

data length

looping

if (feof($file)) echo End of file;

Reading a File Line by Line
fgets() function
read
read

fopen() function file
false(0)
return
<?php
$file = fopen("welcome.txt", "r") or exit("Unable to open file!");
//Output a line of the file until the end is reached
while(!feof($file))
{
echo fgets($file). "<br />";
}
fclose($file);
?>
run
welcome.txt

read

echo
browser
welcome.txt
Reading a File Character by Character

fgetc() function
character
read
character
read
<?php
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r") or exit("Unable to open file!");
while (!feof($file))
{
echo fgetc($file);
}
fclose($file);
?>
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PHP File Upload
PHP
server
file
upload

user

upload
form
HTML code
upload
<html>
<body>
<form action="upload_file.php" method="post"
enctype="multipart/form-data">
<label for="file">Filename:</label>
<input type="file" name="file" id="file"/>
<br/>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />

</form>
run
browser

browse
submit
upload
..
form

submit button
upload_file.php
run
upload_file.php
<?php
if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0)
{
echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
}
else
{
echo "Upload: " . $_FILES["file"]["name"] . "<br />";
echo "Type: " . $_FILES["file"]["type"] . "<br />";
echo "Size: " . ($_FILES["file"]["size"] / 1024) . " Kb<br />";
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echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"];

}
?>
PHP $_FILES array
remote server
client computer
parameter
input name

..
index

name, type, size, tmp_name,
error
$_FILES[file][name]- upload
$_FILES[file][type]- upload
$_FILES[file][size]- upload
size (bytes
$_FILES[file][error]-
upload
error code
$_FILES[file][tmp_name]- server
php

upload

security
user
upload
Restrictions on Upload
script
upload

user
gif

jpeg
upload
20
kb
<?php
if ((($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif")
|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg")
|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg"))
&& ($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 20000))
{
{
echo "Error: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
}
else
{

echo "Stored in: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"];
}
}
else
{
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echo "Invalid file";

}
?>
Saving the uploaded File
server
PHP temp folder
upload

php script

upload
store
location
<?php
if ((($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif")
|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/jpeg")
|| ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg"))
&& ($_FILES["file"]["size"] < 20000))
{
{
echo "Return Code: " . $_FILES["file"]["error"] . "<br />";
}
else
{
echo "Temp file: " . $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] . "<br />";

if (file_exists("upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]))
{
echo $_FILES["file"]["name"] . " already exists. ";
}
else
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],
"upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]);
echo "Stored in: " . "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"];
}
}
else
{
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echo "Invalid file";

}
?>
upload_file.php

code
upload.php
run
php
directory (C:\xampp\htdocs\php)
upload
folder
..
upload
upload
folder
file
local

web hosting
PHP Cookies
cookie
user
identity

cookie
user

browser
web page
request
cookie
PHP

cookie
How to Create a Cookie?

cookie
setcookie() function

setcookie() function
<html> tag
setcookie (name,value,expire,path,domain);

cookie
set
syntax
Example

user
cookie

Alex
Porter
expire
<?php
setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600);
?>
<html>
....
cookie
expire time
<?php
$expire=to,e()+60*60*24*30;
setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", $expire);
?>
<html>
.....
expire time

(60 sec * 60 min * 24 hours * 30
days).
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Cookie
Retrieve
<?php
//Print a cookie
echo $_COOKIE["user"];
// A way to view all cookies
print_r($_COOKIE);
?>
user
cookie
isset()
function
cookie
<html>
<body>
<?php
if (isset($_COOKIE["user"]))
echo "Welcome" . $_COOKIE["user"] . "!<br/>";
else
echo "Welcome guest!<br />";
?>
</body>
</html>
Cookie
cookie
expiration date
<?php
//set the expiration date to one hour ago
setcookie("user", "", time()-3600);
?>
Browser
Cookie
support
form

Submit button
user
welcome.php
user input
<html>
<body>
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"/>
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Age : <input type="text" name ="age"/>

</form>
</body>
</html>

code
form1.php
save
welcome.php
retrieve
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>. <br />
You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.
</body>
</html>

forum1.php
Browser
run
text box
submit
moemyintshein
20

submit
Welcome moemyintshein.
You are 20 years old.
PHP Sessions
PHP session variable
user session

user
application

application

..
.
session
computer

web server
..

HTTP
state
maintain

PHP session
remember
user
server
session
information

user
website
database
data

session
unique id( UID)
visitor
UID
variable

UID
cookie
URL
propagated
Starting a PHP Session
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PHP session
user information
session
session_start() function
<html> tag
<?php session_start(); ?>

<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
server
user session
register

user Information

user session
UID
assign
Storing a Session Variable

session variable

PHP $_SESSION variable
<?php
session_start();
//store session data
$_SESSION['views']=1;
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
//retrieve session data
echo "Pageviews=" . $_SESSION['views'];

?>
</body>
</html>
output
Pageviews=1
page view counter

isset() function

views
variable

..
counter
views variable
<?php
session_start();
if(isset($_SESSION['views']))
$_SESSION['views']=$_SESSION['views']+1;
else
$_SESSION['views']=1;
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echo "Views=". $_SESSION['views'];

?>
run

. relode
views
Destroying a Session
session
data

unset()
function
sessopm_destroy()
function

unset() function
session variable
free
<?php
unset($_SESSION['views']);
?>
session_destroy()function
session

<?php
session_destroy();
?>
PHP Mail Function
PHP script
PHP
mail() function

Syntax
mail(to,subject,message,headers,parameters)

parameter
to, subject, message
headers
parameters
Optional
PHP Simple E-Mail
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PHP

text
$to, $subject, $message, $from, $headers
variable

mail() function
<?php
$to= "mail@moemyintshein.com";
$subject="Test mail";
$message="Hello! This is a simple email message.";
$from= "gtalk@moemyintshein";
$headers="From: $from";
mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers);
echo "Mail Sent.";
?>
PHP Mail Form
PHP
website
feedback-form

form
<html>
<body>
<?php
if (isset($_REQUEST['email']))
//if "email" is filled out, send email
{
//send email
$email = $_REQUEST['email'] ;
$subject = $_REQUEST['subject'] ;
$message = $_REQUEST['message'] ;
mail( "someone@example.com", "Subject: $subject",
$message, "From: $email" );
echo "Thank you for using our mail form";
}
else
//if "email" is not filled out, display the form

{
echo "<form method='post' action='mailform.php'>
Email: <input name='email' type='text' /><br />
Subject: <input name='subject' type='text' /><br />
Message:<br />
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<textarea name='message' rows='15' cols='40'>

</textarea><br />
<input type='submit' />
</form>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
code
save
mailform.php
save

email
input
field
HTML form

form

submit buttion
page
reload

input field
SMTP
smtp_post
php.ini file

..
..
..
security
PHP Secure E-mails

PHP E-mail Injections
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code

unauthorized user
input form
mail
header
data
user form
input fileld
someone@example.com%0ACc:person2@example.com
%0ABcc:person3@example.com,person3@example.com,
anotherperson4@example.com,person5@example.com
%0ABTo:person6@example.com

code form
email field
input
validate
<html>
<body>
<?php
function spamcheck($field)
{
//filter_var() sanitizes the e-mail
//address using FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL
$field=filter_var($field, FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);
//filter_var() validates the e-mail
//address using FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL
if(filter_var($field, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))
{
return TRUE;
}
else
{
return FALSE;
}
}
if (isset($_REQUEST['email']))
{//if "email" is filled out, proceed
//check if the email address is invalid
$mailcheck = spamcheck($_REQUEST['email']);
if ($mailcheck==FALSE)
{
echo "Invalid input";
}
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else
{//send email
$email = $_REQUEST['email'] ;
$subject = $_REQUEST['subject'] ;
$message = $_REQUEST['message'] ;
mail("someone@example.com", "Subject: $subject",
$message, "From: $email" );
echo "Thank you for using our mail form";
}
}
else
{//if "email" is not filled out, display the form
echo "<form method='post' action='mailform.php'>
Email: <input name='email' type='text' /><br />
Subject: <input name='subject' type='text' /><br />
Message:<br />
<textarea name='message' rows='15' cols='40'>
</textarea><br />
<input type='submit' />
</form>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
code

PHP Filter

input
The FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL filter
string
illegal email character
The
FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL

email
format

PHP Filter
filter
PHP Error Handling

PHP
default error handling
error message
error

browser
web application
error handling
code
error checking code

security risk

PHP
error
50
Simple die() statements
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Custom errors and error triggers
Error reporting
Basic Error Handling: Using the die() function

text file
code
..

error
Warning: fopen(welcome.txt) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in

C:\xampp\htdocs\php\20.php on line 2
error message
user
..
code
access
<?php
if(!file_exists("welcome.txt"))
{
die("File not found");
}
else
{
#file=fopen("welcome.txt"."r");
}
?>
welcome.txt
File not found
error message

code
..error
code
run
error handling
..
error handling
php function
Creating a Custom Error Handler

error
function
function
parameters
( error level
error message)
parameter

(optional: file, line number, error context)
Syntax
error_function (error_level, error_message, error_file, error_line, error_context)
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Error Report Levels

user
error handler
error
error report levels
..
error
function
function customError($errno, $errstr)

{
echo "<b>Error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />";
echo "Ending Script";
die();
}
code

error handling function
run

error level
error message

output
script

error handling function
trigger
( run
)

Set Error Handler

PHP
default error handler
built in error handler
function
default error
handler
script

error
error handler
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error
error
error handler
set_error_handler(customError);
error

function
set_error_handler() function
parameter
parameter
error
level
variable
Output
error handler
<?php
//error handler function
function customError($errno, $errstr)
{
echo "<b>Error:</b> [$errno] $errstr";
}
//set error handler
set_error_handler("customError");
//trigger error
echo($test);
?>
run
- Error: [8] Undefined variable: test
output
Trigger an Error
user data
input
script
illegal input
errors
trigger

PHP

trigger_error() function

test
varuable 1
error
<?php
$test=2;
if ($test>1)
{
trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below");
}
?>
run

output

Notice: Value must be 1 or below in C:\xampp\htdocs\php\30.php on line 5
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Chapter 6. PHP & AJAX

PHP and AJAX
AJAX INTRODUCTION
AJAX= Asynchronous JavaScript And XML
AJAX web browser
web server

data
JavaScript

AJAX
user
web
page
relode
web server
data exchange
web page

responsive

AJAX
standards
-JavaScript
-XML
-HTML
-CSS
PHP
AJAX
JavaScript, XML, HTML,CSS

PHP
..

..
AJAX
major browser

support
AJAX application
browser
platform
Cross Platform, Cross Browser Technology
AJAX Uses XML And HTTP Requests
web application
html form
input
web server
submit
web server data
process
user
web page

return

user input
web page

server
user friendly
AJAX
web application
web page
relode
data
server
HTTP request

server data

JavaScript
web page
modify
PHP and AJAX

AJAX

server
..
AJAX
browser
run

browser
web server
HTTP requests (asynchronous data transfer)
web page
server
web page

AJAX web server software
web
browser
technology

tutorial
PHP
server
run
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AJAX XMLHttpReuest
XMLHttpRequest object
AJAX

July 2000 Internet Explorer
2005
AJAX
Web 2.0
browser


Internet Explorer ActiveXObject

browser
build in
JavaScript object
XMLHttpRequest

code

var XMLHttp=null
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
XMLHttp=new XMLHttpRequest()
}
else if (window.ActiveXObject)
{
XMLHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
}
XMLHttp variable
null
window.XMLHttpRequest
object available

Firefox, Opera, Safari
version
available
available
XMLHttp=new
XMLHttpRequest()
object

available
window.ActiveXObject available

Internet Explorer 5.5
available

available
XMLHttp=new ActiveXObject()
object

Microsoft.XMLHTTP Xsxml2.XMLHTTP
Microsoft
latest version
load
IE 6
available
function GetXmlHttpObject()
{
var xmlHttp=null;
try
{
// Firefox, Opera 8.0+, Safari
xmlHttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
catch (e)
{
// Internet Explorer
try
{
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xmlHttp=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}
catch (e)
{
xmlHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
}
return xmlHttp;
}
XMLHttp
variable
web standarads (Mozila, Opera
Safari)XMLHttp= new XMLHttpRequest() object

Microsoft
IE

XMLHttp=new
ActiveXObject(Msxml2.XMLHTTP object
error
(IE 5.5) XMLHttp=new ActiveXObject( Microsoft.XMLHTTP)
AJAX Suggest

AJAX
user web form
data
web page
web server
communticate
box
character

suggestion
page
HTML page
JavaScript page
PHP page
The HTML Form

HTML page
form
HTML code
JavaScript
link
html file
ajaxtesting.html
<html>
<head>
<script src="clienthint.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
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<form>
First Name:
<input type="text" id="txt1"
onkeyup="showHint(this.value)">
</form>
<p>Suggestions: <span id="txtHint"></span></p>
</body>
</html>
txt1
Input filed
HTML form
1.
user input field
keyboard
key
release
event
2.
evernt
showHint()
function
execute
3.
form
txtHint
<span>
showHint()
return data

JavaScript code

clienthint.js
HTML document
var xmlHttp;
function showHint(str)
{
if (str.length==0)
{
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML="";
return;
}
xmlHttp=GetXmlHttpObject();
if (xmlHttp==null)
{
alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request");
return;
}
var url="gethint.php";
url=url+"?q="+str;
url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;
xmlHttp.open("GET",url,true);
xmlHttp.send(null);
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}
function stateChanged()
{
if (xmlHttp.readyState==4 || xmlHttp.readyState=="complete")
{
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlHttp.responseText;
}
}
{
var xmlHttp=null;
try
{
}
catch (e)
{
try
{
}
catch (e)
{
}
}
return xmlHttp;
}// JavaScript Document
showHint()function inpurt field
character

input filed
input
str.length>0
execute
1.
server
url filename
gethint.php
2.
input
filed

content
(character)

parameter
(q)
3.
58
server cached file
random number
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4.
GetXmlHttpObject function

XMLHTTP object
object
StateChanged
function
execute
5.
url
XMLHTTP object
6.
server
HTTP request
input filed
function txtHint
placeholder (suggestion
content (
)
The stateChanged() Function

XMLHTTP object
state
function
execute(
state 4
complete
txtHint
content
response
text
The GetXmlHttpObject() Function

AJAX applications
XML support
browser
run

GetXMLHttpObjet()
XMLHTTP object
PHP page

JavaScript code
server page
gethint.php
Php file
gethint.php
code
array
client
return
<?php
// Fill up array with names
$a[]="Anna";
$a[]="Brittany";
$a[]="Cinderella";
$a[]="Diana";
$a[]="Eva";
$a[]="Fiona";
$a[]="Gunda";
$a[]="Hege";
$a[]="Inga";
$a[]="Johanna";
$a[]="Kitty";
$a[]="Linda";
$a[]="Nina";
$a[]="Ophelia";
$a[]="Petunia";
$a[]="Amanda";
$a[]="Raquel";
$a[]="Cindy";
$a[]="Doris";
$a[]="Eve";
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$a[]="Evita";
$a[]="Sunniva";
$a[]="Tove";
$a[]="Unni";
$a[]="Violet";
$a[]="Liza";
$a[]="Elizabeth";
$a[]="Ellen";
$a[]="Wenche";
$a[]="Vicky";
//get the q parameter from URL

$q=$_GET["q"];
//lookup all hints from array if length of q>0
if (strlen($q) > 0)
{
$hint="";
for($i=0; $i<count($a); $i++)
{
if (strtolower($q)==strtolower(substr($a[$i],0,strlen($q))))
{
if ($hint=="")
{
$hint=$a[$i];
}
else
{
$hint=$hint." , ".$a[$i];
}
}
}
}
//Set output to "no suggestion" if no hint were found
//or to the correct values
if ($hint == "")
{
$response="no suggestion";
}
else
{
$response=$hint;
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}
//output the response
echo $response;
?>
JavaScript
(strlen($q)>0)
text
1.
JavaScript
character
match
2.
response string
3.
match
no suggestion
response
5.
response

txtHint placeholder
4.
response
clienthint.js , gethint.php ajaxtesting.html
folder directory
save
..
ajaxtesting.html
browser
run
PHP
AJAX
web application
:D
PHP AND AJAX XML EXAMPLE

AJAX
XML file

web page
AJAX

XML file
(fetch)

Select a CD:
drop down box
..
CD info

HTML form
XML file
JavaScript
PHP page
THE HTML FORM
HTML form

JavaScript
HTML code
ajaxxml.html
save
<html>
<head>
<script src="selectcd.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Select a CD:
<select name="cds" onchange="showCD(this.value)">
<option value="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</option>
<option value="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</option>
<option value="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</option>

</select>
</form>
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<p>
<div id="txtHint"><b>CD info will be listed here.</b></div>
</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML form

cds
drop down box
txtHint
div

div
web server
placeholder

user data
showCD
function
execute(run)

onchange event
function
run
user drop down box

showCD
function
XML file

code
cd_catalog.xml
save
ajaxxml.html
file
folder
<CATALOG>
<CD>
<TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>USA</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>Columbia</COMPANY>
<PRICE>10.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1985</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Hide your heart</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bonnie Tyler</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>UK</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>CBS Records</COMPANY>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1988</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Greatest Hits</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Dolly Parton</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>RCA</COMPANY>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1982</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Still got the blues</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Gary Moore</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Virgin records</COMPANY>
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<YEAR>1990</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Eros</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Eros Ramazzotti</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>EU</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>BMG</COMPANY>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1997</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>One night only</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bee Gees</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Polydor</COMPANY>
<YEAR>1998</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Sylvias Mother</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Dr.Hook</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>CBS</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.10</PRICE>
<YEAR>1973</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Maggie May</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Rod Stewart</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Pickwick</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.50</PRICE>
<YEAR>1990</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Romanza</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Andrea Bocelli</ARTIST>
<YEAR>1996</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>When a man loves a woman</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Percy Sledge</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Atlantic</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.70</PRICE>
<YEAR>1987</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Black angel</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Savage Rose</ARTIST>
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<COMPANY>Mega</COMPANY>
<YEAR>1995</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>1999 Grammy Nominees</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Many</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Grammy</COMPANY>
<YEAR>1999</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>For the good times</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Kenny Rogers</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Mucik Master</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.70</PRICE>
<YEAR>1995</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Big Willie style</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Will Smith</ARTIST>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1997</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Tupelo Honey</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Van Morrison</ARTIST>
<PRICE>8.20</PRICE>
<YEAR>1971</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Soulsville</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Jorn Hoel</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>Norway</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>WEA</COMPANY>
<PRICE>7.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1996</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>The very best of</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Cat Stevens</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Island</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1990</YEAR>
</CD>
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<CD>
<TITLE>Stop</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Sam Brown</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>A and M</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1988</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Bridge of Spies</TITLE>
<ARTIST>T'Pau</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Siren</COMPANY>
<PRICE>7.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1987</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Private Dancer</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Tina Turner</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Capitol</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1983</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Midt om natten</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Kim Larsen</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Medley</COMPANY>
<PRICE>7.80</PRICE>
<YEAR>1983</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Pavarotti Gala Concert</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Luciano Pavarotti</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>DECCA</COMPANY>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1991</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>The dock of the bay</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Otis Redding</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Atlantic</COMPANY>
<PRICE>7.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1987</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Picture book</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Simply Red</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>Elektra</COMPANY>
<PRICE>7.20</PRICE>
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<YEAR>1985</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Red</TITLE>
<ARTIST>The Communards</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>London</COMPANY>
<PRICE>7.80</PRICE>
<YEAR>1987</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Unchain my heart</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Joe Cocker</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>EMI</COMPANY>
<PRICE>8.20</PRICE>
<YEAR>1987</YEAR>
</CD>
</CATALOG>

code
selectcd.js
JavaScript code
var xmlHttp
function showCD(str)
{
xmlHttp=GetXmlHttpObject()
if (xmlHttp==null)
{
alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request")
return
}
var url="getcd.php"
url=url+"?q="+str
url=url+"&sid="+Math.random()
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged
xmlHttp.open("GET",url,true)
xmlHttp.send(null)
}
{
{
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlHttp.responseText
}
}
{
var xmlHttp=null;
try
{
}
catch (e)
{
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try
{
}
catch (e)
{
}
}
return xmlHttp;
}
stateChanged()
GetXmlHttpObject

showCD()
function
drop
down
box
item
showHint()
JavaScript
server page getcd.php
XML
document
cd_catalog.xml
load
XML
DOM
PHP
XML file
query run
HTML
result
return
<?php
$q=$_GET["q"];
$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();
$xmlDoc->load("cd_catalog.xml");
$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('ARTIST');
for ($i=0; $i<=$x->length-1; $i++)
{
//Process only element nodes
if ($x->item($i)->nodeType==1)
{
if ($x->item($i)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue == $q)
{
$y=($x->item($i)->parentNode);
}
}
}
$cd=($y->childNodes);
for ($i=0;$i<$cd->length;$i++)
{
//Process only element nodes
if ($cd->item($i)->nodeType==1)
{
echo($cd->item($i)->nodeName);
echo(": ");
echo($cd->item($i)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue);
echo("<br />");
}
}
?>
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JavaScript PHP page
query
1.
PHP cd_catalog.xml file

XML DOM object
2.
artist elements (nodetypes=1)

JavaScript
match
loop
3.
artist
CD

4.
album
Output
txtHint placeholder
PHP and AJAX RSS Reader

RSS Reader
RSS Feeds

RSS

up to date
AJAX RSS Reader

webpage
refresh
RSS
content
load
RSS
reader
HTML page
JavaScript
PHP
The HTML Form
getrss.js
JavaScript
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="getrss.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Select an RSS-Feed:
<select onchange="showRSS(this.value)">
<option value="Google">Google News</option>
<option value="MSNBC">MSNBC News</option>
</select>
</form>
<p><div id="rssOutput">
<b>RSS Feed will be listed here.</b></div></p>
</body>
</html>
HTML page
drop-down box
HTML form
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user drop down box

option
event
showRSS()
function
rssOutput
<div>
showRSS() function return

data
placeholder
The JavaScript

code
getrss.js
JavaScript code
var xmlHttp
function showRSS(str)
{
xmlHttp=GetXmlHttp Object()
if (xmlHttp==null)
{
return
}
var url="getrss.php"
url=url+"?q="+str
xmlHttp.send(null)
}
{
{
document.getElementById("rssOutput")
.innerHTML=xmlHttp.responseText
}
}
{
var xmlHttp=null;
try
{
}
catch (e)
{
try
{
}
catch (e)
{
}
}
return xmlHttp;
}
JavaScript code
getrss.php
PHP file

..

server page
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<?php
//get the q parameter from URL
$q=$_GET["q"];
//find out which feed was selected
if($q=="Google")
{
$xml=("http://news.google.com/news?ned=us&topic=h &output=rss");
}
elseif($q=="MSNBC")
{
$xml=("http://rss.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032091/device/rss/rss.xml");
}
$xmlDoc->load($xml);
//get elements from "<channel>"
$channel=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('channel')->item(0);
$channel_title = $channel->getElementsByTagName('title')
->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
$channel_link = $channel->getElementsByTagName('link')
$channel_desc = $channel->getElementsByTagName('description')
//output elements from "<channel>"
echo("<p><a href='" . $channel_link
. "'>" . $channel_title . "</a>");
echo("<br />");
echo($channel_desc . "</p>");
//get and output "<item>" elements
$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('item');
for ($i=0; $i<=2; $i++)
{
$item_title=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('title')
$item_link=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('link')
$item_desc=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('description')
echo ("<p><a href='" . $item_link
. "'>" . $item_title . "</a>");
echo ("<br />");
echo ($item_desc . "</p>");
}
?>
JavaScript option

RSS feed
PHP
XML DOM object
RSS feed
RSS channel

element
output
RSS items
loop
output
rssreader.html
run
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PHP AND AJAX POLL

Ajax example
web page relode
result
Poll
HTML form
JavaScript
PHP page
Yes, No result
text file
The HTML Form
HTML
HTML form

JavaScript
link
<html>
<head>
<script src="poll.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="poll">
<h2>Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?</h2>
<form>
Yes:
<input type="radio" name="vote"
value="0" onclick="getVote(this.value)">
<br />No:
<input type="radio" name="vote"
value="1" onclick="getVote(this.value)">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
ajaxpoll.html
save

<div> tag
Yes
No
radio button
form
user yes
no
event
event
getVote()
function
execute

getVote() function

data
form
replace
The Text File

text file

poll_result.txt

save

poll
.. data
0||0

Yes votes
||

No votes
..
Yes
vote
01
The JavaScript
JavaScript code
poll.js
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var xmlHttp
function getVote(int)
{
xmlHttp=GetXmlHttpObject()
if (xmlHttp==null)
{
return
}
var url="poll_vote.php"
url=url+"?vote="+int
xmlHttp.send(null)
}
{
{
document.getElementById("poll").
innerHTML=xmlHttp.responseText;
}
}
{
var objXMLHttp=null
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
objXMLHttp=new XMLHttpRequest()
}
else if (window.ActiveXObject)
{
objXMLHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
}
return objXMLHttp
}
Yes
No
HTML form
select
getVote() function

JavaScript

poll_vote.php
<?php
$vote = $_REQUEST['vote'];
//get content of textfile
$filename = "poll_result.txt";
$content = file($filename);
//put content in array
$array = explode("||", $content[0]);
$yes = $array[0];
$no = $array[1];
if ($vote == 0)
{
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$yes = $yes + 1;
}
if ($vote == 1)
{
$no = $no + 1;
}
//insert votes to txt file
$insertvote = $yes."||".$no;
$fp = fopen($filename,"w");
fputs($fp,$insertvote);
fclose($fp);
?>
<h2>Result:</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Yes:</td>
<td>
<img src="poll.gif"
width='<?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>'
height='20'>
<?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>No:</td>
<td>
<img src="poll.gif"
width='<?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>'
height='20'>
<?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Yes (0) , No (1)

JavaScript
poll_result.txt file
content
contact
variable
variable
JavaScript
result
poll_result.txt
update
poll result
graphical representation
ajaxpoll.html
run
Do you like PHP & AJAX so far?
poll

Yes, No button

ajaxpoll.html
Do you like PHP &

AJAX
so
far
Yes
No
Yes
run

:P
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Chapter 7. PHP MyAdmin Basic
PHP, MySQL
Apache
Package
XAMPP

root
username
password

..
Database

username
password

..MySQL
User

..
Creating a New User
Database
http://localhost/phpmyadmin/
. PHP My Admin
tool

Database

.. User

SQL Statement

PHP
Admin
Create
New
User

..
http://localhost/phpmyadmin/
Web Browser
Privileges
..
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Privileges
Create a new User

..
user
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Username
moemyintshein host
localhost
password
moemyintshein
Global privileges
Check All
..
Go
user
..

execute
SQL
Statement
.. you have added a new user
Message

..

user
..
moemyintshein
localhost
SQL
statement

..
Server
user
SQL statement
username
moemyintshein1 password
moemyint12345
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PHP Admin main page

button
SQL
SQL query
execute
pop up page

..
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO moemyintshein1@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "moemyint12345";
Go
localhost
Server
moemyint12345
password
moemyintshein1
user

privileges
root
user

..
user
PHP MyAdmin
Table
Database

Home
Databases

menu
Create New Database

Database
mydomain

Collation
utf8_general_ci
mydomain
database
people
table
field
Go
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Go
mydomain
database
people
table
table
save
PHP MyAdmin
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save
length value input character

Type
efficient

PHP MyAdmin
function
Drop
table
Primary Key
id fileld
auto_increment

record
Input

Default
save
screen

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table
table
SQL command
PHP
Database
Table
Data

Insert

tab
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Insert

field
setting
save
SQL code
window
id column auto increment
Browse Tab
edit
Delete
back up
Database
database
mydomain
Tab
Export
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people
export
backup
table
save
as
file
checked
zipped
GO
mydomain.sql
Zip
backup

Database
table

fileds
records

record

edit
back up
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Chapter 8.PHP and Database
PHP, My SQL Database

Apache Web Server
PHP
XAMPP

Install
..
PHP

XAMPP
PHP Myadmin
tool
PHP Database
PHP MySQL Introduction
What is MySQL?
MySQL

open source database system
MySQL
database
MySQL
tables
database objects

table

column rows
Database
..
Database Tables
database
table
table
(Customers,
Orders). Table
rows
records

Persons
table
table

records (rows)
column(LastName, firstName,
Address
City)
Queries
query

query
SELECT LastName FROM Persons

query
Persons table
LastName
column

Create a Connection to a MySQL Database
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database
data access
database
connection
PHP
mysql_connect() function
Syntax
mysql_connect(servername,username,password);

code
connection
($con)
variable
.. script

connection fail
die

<?php
$con=mysql_connect("localhost","user","password");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect:' > mysql_error());
}
//some code
?>
PHP Script
connection

mysql_done()
fucntoin
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
// some code
mysql_close($con);
?>
PHP MySQL Create Database and Tables
Create a Database
MySQL
database
CREATE DATABASE statement

Syntax
CREATE DATABASE database_name
PHP tutorial

database

..
SQL

SQL

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execute
mysql_query() function

function
MySQL connection
query
command

my_db
database
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","user","moemyintshein");
if (!$con)
{
}
if (mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE my_db",$con))
{
echo "Database created";
}
else
{
echo "Error creating database: " . mysql_error();
}
mysql_close($con);
?>
Table
CREATE TABLE statement
MySQL
table
syntax
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
colomn_name1 data_type,
colomn_name2 data_type,
column_name3 data_type,

SQL
SQL Tutorial
PHP
CREATE TABLE statement
execute
Persons
table
FirstName, LastName
Age
Colomn
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","root","moemyintshein");
if (!$con)
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{
}
// Create database
if (mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE my_db1",$con))
{
echo "Database created";
}
else
{
echo "Error creating database: " . mysql_error();

}
// Create table
mysql_select_db("my_db1", $con);
$sql = "CREATE TABLE Persons
(
FirstName varchar(15),
LastName varchar(15),
Age int
)";
// Execute query
mysql_query($sql,$con);
mysql_close($con);
?>
- table
database
mysql_select_db()
function

database

varchar type

database field
filed
maximum length varchar(15)
data type
column
data
Primary Keys and Auto Increment Fields

table
rows
primary key

primar y key
table
primary
key
null
database engine
record
personID
field
primary key filed

primary key
filed

ID number
AUTO_INCREMENT setting

AUTO_INCREMENT
record (column)

primary
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key
field

primary key filed
null
field
NOT NULL
setting
$sql = "CREATE TABLE Persons

(
personID int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
PRIMARY KEY(personID),
FirstName varchar(15),
LastName varchar(15),
Age int
)";
mysql_query($sql,$con);
PHP MySQL Insert Into

INSERT INTO statement
table
column(record)
Syntax
INSERT INTO statement

data
column

INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

column name

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
PHP
statement
execute
mysql_query()
function
function
MySQL connection
query

command
Persons
table
Firstname, Lastname
Age
Column

table
Persons
table
record
<?php
if (!$con)
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{
}
mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);
mysql_query("INSERT INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES ('Peter', 'Griffin', '35')");
mysql_query("INSERT INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES ('Glenn', 'Quagmire', '33')");
mysql_close($con);
?>
Insert Data From a Form Into a Database
Persons table
record
HTML form
HTML form
<html>
<body>
<form action="insert.php" method="post">
Firstname: <input type="text" name="firstname" />
Lastname: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
user
HTML form
Submit button
form
data
insert.php
insert.php
database

PHP $_POST variables
form

INSERT INTO
statement

Persons table
record

insert.php
code
<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
$sql="INSERT INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES
('$_POST[firstname]','$_POST[lastname]','$_POST[age]')";
if (!mysql_query($sql,$con))
{
die('Error: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "1 record added";
mysql_close($con)
?>
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PHP MySQL Select

Select Data From a Database Table
SELECT statement
database
data
select
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
PHP

Persons table
data
character

table
data

<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons");
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
echo $row['FirstName'] . " " . $row['LastName'];
echo "<br />";
}
mysql_close($con);
?>

mysql_query() return

data
$result
variable
array
recrodset

row
return
mysql_fetch_array () function

mysql_fetch_array()
recordset

row

return

while loop recordset
record

Looping

row
Screen
Print
PHP
$row
variable
($row['FirstName'] and $row['LastName'])
code
Output
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Display the Result in an HTML Table

data

HTML tab;e
data
<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons");
echo "<table border='1'>
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
</tr>";
{
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>" . $row['FirstName'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['LastName'] . "</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
mysql_close($con);
?>
code
output
PHP MySQL The Where Clause

WHERE clause

record
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Syntax
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
Persons table
FirstName Peter
row
<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName='Peter'");
{
echo $row['FirstName'] . " " . $row['LastName'];
echo "<br />";
}
?>
output

Peter Griffin
PHP MySQL Order By Keyword

ORDER BY keyword
recordset
data
ORDER BY keyword
default
ascending order
record
descending order
record
DESC keyword

Syntax
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC
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Persons table
data
Age
column
result
<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons ORDER BY age");
{
echo $row['FirstName'];
echo " " . $row['LastName'];
echo " " . $row['Age'];
echo "<br />";
}
mysql_close($con);
?>
code
output
Glenn Quagmire 33
Peter Griffin 35
Order by Two Columns

column

order
by
column
Ordering
column
column

FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1, column2
PHP MySQL Update
UPDATE statement
table
record

Update
Syntax
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
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WHERE clause

UPDATE syntax

WHERE clause

record

WHERE

records
Update
Persons
Table
..

Persons table
data
update
<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
mysql_query("UPDATE Persons SET Age = '36'
WHERE FirstName = 'Peter' AND LastName = 'Griffin'");
mysql_close($con);
?>
Update
Persons table
PHP MySQL Delete

DELETE statement
database table
records

FROM

DELETE
Syntax
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value
WHERE clause

WHERE clause
record

WHERE
records
Delete
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Persons table

code
LasteName Griffin
Persons table
record
<?php
if (!$con)
{
}
mysql_query("DELETE FROM Persons WHERE LastName='Griffin'");
mysql_close($con);
?>
Delete
PHP Database ODBC

ODBC
Microsoft Access Database
Data Source

Application
Programming Interface (API)
Create an ODBC Connection

ODBC connection
ODBC connection

database

MS Access Database
ODBC Connection
1. Open the Administrative Tools icon in your Control Panel.

2. Double-click on the Data Sources (ODBC) icon inside.
3. Choose the System DSN tab.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click on Add in the System DSN tab.

Select the Microsoft Access Driver. Click Finish.
In the next screen, click Select to locate the database.
Give the database a Data Source Name (DSN).
Click OK.
configuration
website

Internet
Information Server
IIS
run

instruction

remote server
website

server
Physical access
web host
DNS
set up
Connecting to an ODBC
odbc_connect() function
ODBC data source
function
parameter

data source

username
Password
Optical cursor type
SQL statement
execute
odbc_exec() function

northwind
DNS
connection
username
password
northwind

SQL
execute
$conn=odbc_connect('northwind','','');
$sql="SELECT * FROM customers";
$rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql);
Retrieving Records
odbc_fetch_row()
result-set record
return

function rows
return
true
false
function
ODBC result identifier
Optical row number
parameter
odbc_fetch_row($rs)
Retrieving Fields from a Record
odbc_result() function record
fields
function ODBC result

identifier
field number
name
parameter

.

code line

record

field
return
$compname=odbc_result($rs,1);
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code line
CompanyName
field
return
$compname=odbc_result($rs,"CompanyName");
Closing an ODBC Connection
odbc_close() function
ODBC connection
odbc_close($conn);
ODBC

database connection
result set
HTML
table
data
<html>
<body>
<?php
$conn=odbc_connect('northwind','','');
if (!$conn)
{exit("Connection Failed: " . $conn);}
$sql="SELECT * FROM customers";
$rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql);
if (!$rs)
{exit("Error in SQL");}
echo "<table><tr>";
echo "<th>Companyname</th>";
echo "<th>Contactname</th></tr>";
while (odbc_fetch_row($rs))
{
$compname=odbc_result($rs,"CompanyName");
$conname=odbc_result($rs,"ContactName");
echo "<tr><td>$compname</td>";
echo "<td>$conname</td></tr>";
}
odbc_close($conn);
echo "</table>";
?>
</body>
</html
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Chapter 9. XML & PHP
Web Development

XML

XML
Extensible
Markup Language

XML
data
XML

HTML
XML

XML
Introduction to XML
XML
data

HTML
Data

XML HTML
markup language
XML tags

predefined
..
XML self-descriptive

XML
W3C
XML
HTML

XML HTML

XML data

..

HTML

data
HTML
XML
XML Does not DO Anything

XML

XML

XML
Jani Tove
note
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

self descriptive
XML
document
..
tags

Software
XML is Just Plain Text
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XML

plain text
Software
XML

XML
Application
XML tag

tags
application
XML

tag
<to>
<from>

XML standard
defined
tag
XML
document
XML language
predefined tags
HTML
HTML
tag

Predefined
HTML
documents
HTML
standard
tags
<p>
<h1>
XML
HTML

XML
software
hardware
XML
XML document
XML
self-describing
syntax
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>

XML

XML version 1.0
encoding
(ISO-8859-1 = Latin-1/West European character set)

document
root element
document
note
<note>

to,from,heading
body
root
child elements
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>

root element
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</note>
XML document
Jani Tove
note
XML documents
root element
element
element

parent

XML
elements
document tree
root

branches
elements
elements (child elements)

<root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root>
parent, child, sibling
elements
level

elements
HTML
text content
attributes
XML
<bookstore>
<book category="COOKING">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
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</book>
<book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
</book>
<book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
</book>
</bookstore>
root element <bookstore>
<book> elements
<bookstore>

<book> element

<title> <author> <year>
<price>
XML Syntax Rules

XML Syntax Rules

elements
tag
HTML
elelement
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
XML

closing tag

tag
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
XML declaration

closing tag
..
declaration XML document
XML tags
Case Sensitive

XML
<letter> <Letter>
tag
case
<Message>This is incorrect</message>
<message>This is correct</message>
XML elements
nested

HTML

bold
italic
bold

italic
<b><i>This text is bold and italic</b></i>
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XML

XML
nested
<b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>

<i> <b>
<b>
XML elements
HTML
attributes
attribute value
XML
quote
<note date=12/11/2007>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
<note date="12/11/2007">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
Entity References
XML

less than < character
XML
element
error

XML parser

element
error
<message>if salary < 1000 then</message>
error
< character
entity reference
<message>if salary < 1000 then</message>

XML
entity references
<
&
XML
illegal
.. greater than character

entity reference

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Comments in XML
XML
comment
syntax
HTML
<!This is a comment -- >

What is an XML Element?
XML document
XML elements
XML element
element
start tag element
end
tag

element
elements

element
attributes

<bookstore>
<book category="CHILDREN">
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<year>2005</year>
</book>
<book category="WEB">
<title>Learning XML</title>
<year>2003</year>
</book>
</bookstore>
<bookstore>
<book>
element contents
elements

<author>
text content
text
<book>
attribute

(category=CHILDREN)
XML Naming Rules
XML
letter, numbers

character
punctuation charcter
xml, XML, Xml

spaces
XML Elements are Extensible

XML elements
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<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
Output
XML document
<to>, <from>
<body> elements

application
..
MESSAGE
To:
Tove
From: Jani
Don't forget me this weekend!
<note>
<date>2008-01-10</date>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
application crash
break

No
application
<to>, <from> <body>
element
output

XML

application
extend
XML Attributes
XML elements
HTML
start tag
attribute

Attribute
element
HTML
<img src=computer.gif>

src
attribute
<img> element
<img src="computer.gif">
<a href="demo.asp">
XML attribute
Quote

single quote double quote
sex
person
tag
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<person sex="female">
<person sex='female'>
attribute

double quote
single quote

<gangster name='George "Shotgun" Ziegler'>
character entity
<gangster name="George "Shotgun" Ziegler">

XML Elements vs. Attributes

<person sex="female">
<firstname>Anna</firstname>
<lastname>Smith</lastname>
</person>
<person>
<sex>female</sex>
<firstname>Anna</firstname>
<lastname>Smith</lastname>
</person>

sex attribute

sex element
attribute
element
HTML
attribute

XML

element
attribute
My Favorite Way

XML documents
date attribute

<note date="10/01/2008">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>

date element
<note>
<date>10/01/2008</date>
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<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
date element
<note>
<date>
<day>10</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
XML Attributes for Metadata
elements
ID references
messages>
<note id="501">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
<note id="502">
<to>Jani</to>
<from>Tove</from>
<heading>Re: Reminder</heading>
<body>I will not</body>
</note>
</messages>
identifier
notes

note
metadata
attributes

data
elements
XML Validation
syntax
xml document
well formed
syntax rule

-XML document
root element
-XML tags

case sensitive
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-XML elements

nested
-XML attribute
quote

<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
Valid XML Documents
valid
XML document
document type definitation (DND)

well form xml

documents

<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>

DOCTYPE
DTD file
DTD file
content
XML DTD
DTD

XML document
define
legal
elements
structure

<!DOCTYPE note [
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to
(#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from
(#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body
(#PCDATA)>
]>
XML Schema
W3C DTD
XML Schema
support
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to"
type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from"
type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
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<xs:element name="body"
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
Moe Myint Shein
type="xs:string"/>
</xs:element
XML Validator
XML document
error
XML application

error
XML document
processing

Program
W3C XML specification
XML
software
compatible
HTML
browsers
error
document

XML
error

XML
syntax
XML validator
Viewing XML Files

Raw XML file
browser

HTML page
XML files

- <note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
Displaying XML with CSS

XML document
CSS
CD Catalog XML file

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="cd_catalog.css"?>
<CATALOG>
<CD>
<TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE>
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<ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST>
<YEAR>1985</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Hide your heart</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bonnie Tyler</ARTIST>
<COMPANY>CBS Records</COMPANY>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1988</YEAR>
</CD>
.
.
.
.
</CATALOG>
CSS file
CATALOG
{
background-color: #ffffff;
width: 100%;
}
CD
{
display: block;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
margin-left: 0;
}
TITLE
{
color: #FF0000;
font-size: 20pt;
}
ARTIST
{
color: #0000FF;
font-size: 20pt;
}
COUNTRY,PRICE,YEAR,COMPANY
{
display: block;
color: #000000;
margin-left: 20pt;
}
CSS
format
CD catalog
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XML
CSS
format
W3C
XSLT
recommend
Displaying XML with XSLT

XLST
XML document
HTML
XSLT XML
recommend
style sheet language

XSLT(eXtensible Stylessheet Language
Transformations) CSS
XSLT

browser
XML
HTML
XML file


<breakfast_menu>
<food>
<name>Belgian Waffles</name>
<price>$5.95</price>
<description>
two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup
</description>
<calories>650</calories>
</food>
<food>
<name>Strawberry Belgian Waffles</name>
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<description>
light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream
</description>
</food>
<food>
<name>Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles</name>
<description>
light Belgian waffles covered with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped
cream
</description>
</food>
<food>
<name>French Toast</name>
<description>
thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread
</description>
</food>
<food>
<name>Homestyle Breakfast</name>
<description>
two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns
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</description>
</food>
</breakfast_menu>
XSLT Style Sheet
result
XML file

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="simple.xsl"?>

XML file
XSLT file
XML
PHP
XML

PHP XML Expat Parser

PHP
Built in Expat parser PHP
XML document
pricess
What is Expat?
XML document
XML parser
XML parsers
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-Tree-based parser:
parser
XML document
tree structure
document
analyze
tree elements
access

Document
Object Model(DOM)
-Event-based parser: XML document
events
series

specific event
function
Expat parser
event-based parser
Event-based parsers XML document

content

Structure
event-based parser
tree-based parses

data
access
<from>Jani</from>
event
series
XML
event-based parser
-Start Element:From
-Start CDATA section,
Jani
-Close element: from
XML well-formed XML
valid XML
DTD
Expat parser
Expat
DTDs
non-validating
parser
event based
non-validating XML parser
Expat
PHP web applications

XML document
well-formed
Expat error
Installation
XML Expat parser function
PHP core
function
install
XML file


<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
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Initializing the XML Parser

PHP
XML parser
XML events

handlers
XML file
parse
<?php
//Initialize the XML parser
$parser=xml_parser_create();
//Function to use at the start of an element
function start($parser,$element_name,$element_attrs)
{
switch($element_name)
{
case "NOTE":
echo "-- Note --<br />";
break;
case "TO":
echo "To: ";
break;
case "FROM":
echo "From: ";
break;
case "HEADING":
echo "Heading: ";
break;
case "BODY":
echo "Message: ";
}
}
//Function to use at the end of an element
function stop($parser,$element_name)
{
echo "<br />";
}
//Function to use when finding character data
function char($parser,$data)
{
echo $data;
}
//Specify element handler
xml_set_element_handler($parser,"start","stop");
//Specify data handler
xml_set_character_data_handler($parser,"char");
//Open XML file
$fp=fopen("test.xml","r");
//Read data
while ($data=fread($fp,4096))
{
xml_parse($parser,$data,feof($fp)) or
die (sprintf("XML Error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($parser)));
}
//Free the XML parser
xml_parser_free($parser);
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?>

code
output
-- Note -To: Tove

From: Jani
Heading: Reminder
Message: Don't forget me this weekend!
1.
XML parser

xml_parser_create() function
2.
event handlers
function
3.
parser opening
closing tag
function
4.
xml_set_handler() function
parser character data
function
xml_set_character_data_handler()
5.
text.xml
parse

xml_parse () function
6.
error
xml_error_string()
function
XML
error
7.
xml_parser_create() function
memory allocate
xml_parser_free() function
PHP XML DOM

built-in
DOM parser
PHP
XML documents
Process
What is DOM?
XML DOM(Document Object Model) XML documents
access
standard

DOM XML document
tree structure

element
attribute

nodes
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XML

XML DOM
PHP XML DOM

DOM

DOM
W3C (World Wide
Web Consortium) Standard

DOM XML
HTML
document
access

DOM
-Core DOM-
document

model
-XML DOM- XML documents

model
-HTML DOM HTML documents

model
DOM document elements
object
properties
access
methods (interface)

HTML DOM
XML DOM
XML DOM
-XML
standard Object Model
-XML
standing programming interface
-Platform
Language
-W3C

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XML DOM
XML elements
XML DOM Nodes

DOM
XML document
node
DOM
-document
document node
-XML element
element node
-XML elements
text
text node
- attribute
attribute node
-Comments
comment nodes
DOM Example
<bookstore>
<book category="cooking">
<year>2005</year>
</book>
<book category="children">
<year>2005</year>
</book>
<book category="web">
<title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
<author>James McGovern</author>
<author>Per Bothner</author>
<author>Kurt Cagle</author>
<author>James Linn</author>
<author>Vaidyanathan Nagarajan</author>
<year>2003</year>
</book>
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<book category="web" cover="paperback">

<year>2003</year>
</book>
</bookstore>
XML
root node <bookstore >
nodes

<bookstore>
root node <bookstore>
<book> nodes

<book> node
<title>, <author>,
<year>
<price>
nodes

..
"Everyday Italian", "Giada De Laurentiis", "2005",

and "30.00"
text node
DOM processing
error
element node
element node
text node
<year>2005</year>
<year>
element node 2005
text node

2005
<year>
element
XML DOM Node Tree

XML DOM XML document
node- tree

tree
nodes

nodes

tree
access
content

element

node tree nodes

tree root node
tree
text node
books.xml
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<bookstore>
<year>2005</year>
</book>
<book category="children">
<year>2005</year>
</book>
<book category="web">
<title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
<author>James McGovern</author>
<author>Per Bothner</author>
<author>Kurt Cagle</author>
<author>James Linn</author>
<author>Vaidyanathan Nagarajan</author>
<year>2003</year>
</book>
<book category="web" cover="paperback">
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<year>2003</year>
</book>
</bookstore>
Node Parents, Children, and Siblings
node tree
nodes

parent, child , subling

parent node
children

level
children
siblings
-node tree
node
root
-
root
node
parent node
- node
- leaf
node
-sibling

nodes
node tree
nodes
First Child - Last Child
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XML
<bookstore>
<year>2005</year>
</book>
</bookstore>
<title> element <book> element

<price> element
<book>
element
<book> element <title>, <author>, <year>,

<price>
elements
parent node
XML Parsing in PHP

DOM
PHP
XML
document
XML parser
XML parser

tree-based
event-based
Expat parser event based
DOM parser tree-based
XML

<from>Jani</from>
XML DOM
XML
tree structure
Level 1: XML Document

Level 2: Root element: <from>
Level 3: Text element: "Jani"
DOM XML parser
PHP core
function
install
XML file

<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
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XML parser
xml
load

output
PHP code
<?php
$xmlDoc->load("note.xml");
print $xmlDoc->saveXML();
?>
code
Output
Tove Jani Reminder Don't forget me this weekend!

browser window
view source
HTML

<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
DOM Document Object
note.xml XML
load
saveXML() function
XML document
string
print
Looping through XML
XML parser
XML
load
<note> element
element

looping
<?php
$xmlDoc->load("note.xml");
$x = $xmlDoc->documentElement;
foreach ($x->childNodes AS $item)
{
print $item->nodeName . " = " . $item->nodeValue . "<br />";
}
?>
code
output
#text =
to = Tove
#text =
from = Jani
#text =
heading = Reminder
#text =
body = Don't forget me this weekend!
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#text =
element

text nodes
XML generate
nodes
white-space

XML DOM parser

element
PHP SimpleXML
SimpleXML PHP5
XML document
layout
element
attribute
text
DOM
Expat parser
SimpleXML element
text data

code

SimpleXML
XML document
object
Elements-
SimpleXMLElement object
attribute

level
element
array
Attributes
associative array

access

index
attribute name
Element data- element

text data
strings

element
text
node
order
SimpleXML
-XML file
read
-XML string
data
extract
-text nodes
attribute
advanced XML
Expat parser

XML DOM
PHP 5.0
SimpleXML functions
PHP core
function
install
Using SimpleXML

XML file

<note>
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<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
</note>
file
element
data
Output

1.
XML file
Load
2.

element
3.
child node
children()function
loop
4.
child node
element
data
<?php
$xml = simplexml_load_file("test.xml");
echo $xml->getName() . "<br />";
foreach($xml->children() as $child)
{
echo $child->getName() . ": " . $child . "<br />";
}
?>
code
run
Output
note
to: Tove
from: Jani
heading: Reminder
body: Don't forget me this weekend!
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Chapter 10. Exceptiong Handling & Filter in PHP

Exception

PHP 5

error
Object Oriented
Exceptiong handling
error
code
execute
flow
exception

exception
code
(save)
code execution (custom)
exception handler function

handler save
code

run
resume
script execution
code
script

run
Error handling methods
Basic use of Exceptions

Creating a custom exception handler
Multiple exceptions
Re-throwing an exception
Setting a top level exception handler
- Exception
error
code
Basic Use of Exceptions

exception
code
execute
PHP catch
block
exception
caught
Uncaught Exception
error
catch
exception
<?php
//create function with an exception
function checkNum($number)
{
if($number>1 )
{
throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below");
}
return true;
}
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//trigger exception
checkNum(2);
?>
error
Fatal
error:
Uncaught
exception
'Exception'
with
message
'Value
must
be
or
below'
in
C:\xampp\htdocs\php\1.php:7 Stack trace: #0 C:\xampp\htdocs\php\1.php(13): checkNum() #1 {main}

thrown in C:\xampp\htdocs\php\1.php on line 7
Try, throw and catch
Try, throw
catch
exception
error
exception
code
Proper exception code
code
1.Try- exception

function try block

exception
code

run
exception
exception
thrown
2.Throw-
exception
throw

catch
3. Catch- catch block
exception
exception information
object
valid code
exception
<?php
//create function with an exception
function checkNum($number)
{
if($number>1)
{
throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below");
}
return true;
}
//trigger exception in a "try" block
try
{
checkNum(2);
//If the exception is thrown, this text will not be shown
echo 'If you see this, the number is 1 or below';
}
//catch exception
catch(Exception $e)
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{
echo 'Message: ' .$e->getMessage();
}
?>
code
error

output
Message: Value must be 1 or below
exception
throw
catch
1.
checkNum() function
exception
2.
try block
checkNum() function
4.
catch block exception

($e) object

object
exception
3.
5.
checkNum() function
exception
(thrown)
information
exception
error message
$e->getMessage()
exception object

echo
Creating a Custom Exception Class
custom exception class

PHP

exception
function
class
class
exception
class
extension
custom exception class PHP

excepton class

custom function
exception class
<?php
class customException extends Exception
{
public function errorMessage()
{
//error message
$errorMsg = 'Error on line '.$this->getLine().' in '.$this->getFile()
.': <b>'.$this->getMessage().'</b> is not a valid E-Mail address';
return $errorMsg;
}
}
$email = "someone@example...com";
try
{
//check if
if(filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === FALSE)
{
//throw exception if email is not valid
throw new customException($email);
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}
}
catch (customException $e)
{
//display custom message
echo $e->errorMessage();
}
?>
class
old exception class

errorMessage()
function

old class
copy
properties
method
old class
getLine(), getFile()
getMessage()
exception class methods
exception
custom exception class
1.
2.
customException() class
Old exception class

extension
old exception class methods
properties

errorMessage()

email address invalid
function error
message
3.
$email variable
valid
email
4.
try block
execute

email
valid
exception
thrown
5.
error message
Multiple Exceptions
exception
script

if else block switch
nested multiple exception
exception

exception class
error message
<?php
{
{
//error message
$errorMsg = 'Error on line '.$this->getLine().' in '.$this->getFile()
.': <b>'.$this->getMessage().'</b> is not a valid E-Mail address';
return $errorMsg;
}
}
$email = "someone@example.com";
try
{
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//check if
if(filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === FALSE)
{
}
//check for "example" in mail address
if(strpos($email, "example") !== FALSE)
{
throw new Exception("$email is an example e-mail");
}
}
{
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
run
someone@example.com is an example e-mail
code
1.
2.
Old exception class

extension
properties

errorMessage()

function error message
3.
$email variable
valid
email
example
string
4.
try block
execute
exception
5.
example
exception
6.
catch
exception
error message
Re-throwing Exceptions
exception
thrown
catch block
exception
throw
script
user
system error
System error
coder

user

user

user friendly message
exception
re-throw
<?php
{
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{
//error message
$errorMsg = $this->getMessage().' is not a valid E-Mail address.';
return $errorMsg;
}
}
$email = "someone@example.com";
try
{
try
{
//check for "example" in mail address
if(strpos($email, "example") !== FALSE)
{
throw new Exception($email);
}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
//re-throw exception
}
}
{
//display custom message
}
?>
Output
someone@example.com is not a valid E-Mail address.
1.
Old exception class

extension
properties

2.
3.
errorMessage()

function error message
$email variable
valid
email
example
string
4.
try block
exception
re-throw

try block
5.
email
example
string
exception
6.
customException
re-throws
7.
customException
error message
Set a Top Level Exception Handler

set_exception_hadnler() function
exception
user-defined
function
set
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<?php
function myException($exception)
{
echo "<b>Exception:</b> " , $exception->getMessage();
}
set_exception_handler('myException');
throw new Exception('Uncaught Exception occurred');
?>
output
Exception: Uncaught Exception occurred
code
catch block

top level exception handler
function
uncaught
exception

Exception
1.
Code
try block
2.
try block
throw
catch block
3.
exception class

catch block

4.
try block
catch block
exception
thrown (or rethrown)
5.
( throw)
(catch)
PHP Filter
PHP Filter

?
PHP filter
user

input
valid
filter
user imputer

validate
filter

web application

PHP filter

filter(
Filter

?
web application

Input
user

web service
application
filter
..
application
input
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data

filter

input filtering application
security
external data

form
Input data
Cookies
Web services

data
server variable
Database query result
Functions and Filters

variable
filter
filter function
filter_var()-
filter
variable
filter
filter_var_array()-
filter

variable

filter
filter_input- variable input
filter
filter_input_array-
input variable

filter
filter
filter_var() function

integer
valid
<?php
$int = 123;
if(!filter_var($int, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT))
{
echo("Integer is not valid");
}
else
{
echo("Integer is valid");
}
?>

code variable
filter
FILTER_VALIDATE_INT filter
Integer valid
output
Interger is valid.
integer
variable 123abc
Integer is not valid
Validating and Sanitizing
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filter
Validating filters
Sanitizing filters
Validating filters
user input
validate
format rule
( URL
EMAIL)
validate
FALSE
Sanitizing filters
string
character
data format rules

String
return
Options and Flags

options
flags
filters

filter options

filter
Options
flags
min_range
max_range option
integer
validate
<?php
$var=300;
$int_options = array(
"options"=>array
(
"min_range"=>0,
"max_range"=>256
)
);
if(!filter_var($var, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, $int_options))
{
echo("Integer is not valid");
}
else
{
echo("Integer is valid");
}
?>
code
options
option

associative array

flag
array
integer 300
range
code
run
Integer is not valid
Validate Input
form
input form
validate
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input data
filter_input ()
function
input data
filter
input variable email
PHP page
<?php
if(!filter_has_var(INPUT_GET, "email"))
{
echo("Input type does not exist");
}
else
{
if (!filter_input(INPUT_GET, "email", FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))
{
echo "E-Mail is not valid";
}
else
{
echo "E-Mail is valid";
}
}
?>
input
(URL)
POST Method
1.
POST type
url input
2.
sanitize(valid
character)
$url variable
Input string http://www.moemyintshein.com/
sanitizing
http://www.moemyintshein.com
Filter Multiple Inputs

Form

input fileld

filter_var
filter_input function
filter_var_array
filter_input_array
function
GET variable
filter
filter_input_array() function

GET variable

<?php
$filters = array
(
"name" => array
(
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"filter"=>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING
),
"age" => array
(
"filter"=>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT,
"options"=>array
(
"min_range"=>1,
"max_range"=>120
)
),
"email"=> FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL,
);
$result = filter_input_array(INPUT_GET, $filters);
if (!$result["age"])
{
echo("Age must be a number between 1 and 120.<br />");
}
elseif(!$result["email"])
{
echo("E-Mail is not valid.<br />");
}
else
{
echo("User input is valid");
}
?>
(name,age,email)
Input
GET method
1.
input variable
array

input variables

filter
2.
GET input variable
array
3.
valid input
$result variable
age, email variable
input
invalid
input variable FALSE
parameter array
single filter ID
parameter single filter ID
input array
filter
filter
parameter array
134
(age input variable
) array key
input variable
associative array
array
filter ID
filter, flag
option
array
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Using Filter Callback

user defined function
FILTER_CALLBACK filter
filter
data filtering
User defined function
PHP function
whitespaces
user created function
<?php
function convertSpace($string)
{
return str_replace("_", " ", $string);
}
$string = "Peter_is_a_great_guy!";
echo filter_var($string, FILTER_CALLBACK,
array("options"=>"convertSpace"));
?>
output
Peter is a great guy!
1.
whitespaces
fuction
2.
FILTER_CALLBACK filter
function
array
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Conclusion
English
PHP
Moe Myint Shein

Email: moemyintsheinster@gmail.com
Web: www.moemyintshein.com
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PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

PHP GUIDE BOOK

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

The Building Blocks of PHP

Flow Control Functoins in PHP

Working With Functions and Forms

PHP Date, Include, File Handling & Some PHP Advaced

PHP and AJAX

PHP MyAdmin Basic

PHP and Database

XML and PHP

Chatper 10 Exception Handling and Filter in PHP

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

Chapter 1 Introducing PHP

Personal Home Page

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

PHP PHP License

PHP 5.3.2 (March 4, 2010)

latest preview release

object-oriented programming language

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

client side language

Fig 1.1 PHP

user web page

Apache web server

apache, mysql, php

Web Browser (firefox, IE)

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

Chapter 2.The Building Blocks of PHP

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

a-z, A-Z, 0-9,

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

text (character stings)

The Concatenation Operator

dot (.) operator

Using the strlen() function

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

Using the strpos() function

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

PHP Guide Book

Moe Myint Shein

Chapter 3.Flow Control Functions in PHP

The ifelse statement

code to be executed if condition is true;

code to be executed if condition is false;

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run Have a nice weekend

PHP Guide Book