Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit !

Nguyn tc hot ng ca R le n/kn/

Ti liu m t tc dng ca r le, ti sao phi si r le cho cc thit b si dng ln. Rle l mt cng tc iu khin t xa n gin,n dng mt dng nh iu khin mt dng ln v vy n c dng bo v cng tc nn cng c xem l mt thit b bo v.Mt rle in hnh iu khin mch v c iu khin ngun.Kt cu rle gm c mt li st ,mt cun t v mt tip im.

Hnh dng thc t:

Rle l mt cng tc in iu khin t xa v c iu khin bi mt cng tc khc.Chng hn nh cng tc kn hoc mt b x l bn trong ECU.Rle cho php mt dng nh i qua iu khin mt dng ln qua mch. Mt vi thit

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit ! k ca rle c s dng hin nay l loi 3 chn,4 chn,5 chn,6 chn

Tt c cc rle u hot ng cng mt nguyn l c bn.Chng ta s dng rle 4 chn trong cc v d.Rle c 2 mch:mch iu khin (mu xanh l) v mch ti (mu ).Mch iu khin c mt cun dy nh trong khi mch ti c mt cng tc.

-Rle m (relay energized)

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit ! Dng in chy qua cun dy mch iu khin (chn s 1 v s 3) to ra mt t trng nh lm ng tip im (chn s 2 v s 4). Tip im,l mt phn ca mch ti,c dng iu khin mch in ni vi n.Dng chy qua chn s 2 v s 4 khi rle c kch hot (trng thi m)

-Rle ngt (relay de-energized) Khi dng ngng chy qua mch iu khin (chn s 1 v s 3) rle tr nn ngt. Khng cn t trng,tip im h ra v dng b ngn khng chy qua chn s 2 v s 4.Rle by gi ngt.

- Khi khng c in p t ln chn s 1,khng c dng chy qua cun dy.Khng c dng ngha l khng c t trng sinh ra nn tip im h ra. Khi c in p t ln chn s 1, dng i qua cun dy sinh ra t trng cn thit ng tip im cho php thng mch gia chn s 2 v s 4. - Rle c thit k hoc l loi thng ng (normally closed) hoc thng m (normally open). Ch n tip im ca hai loi rle c ch ra bn di

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit !

Rle thng m c tip im h ra cho n khi c kch (ON), loi thng ng c tip im ng li cho n khi c kch (ON). Rle lun c th hin v tr cha c kch, ngha l khi cha c dng chy qua cun dy v mch in OFF. Rle thng m c s dng hu ht trn xe. Tuy nhin mi loi s c dng ty vo ng dng ring.

- IN P T CM (SC IN NG NGC) Khi tip im ng li (hnh bn tri) dng in chy qua cun dy t cc dng n cc m th hin bi ng mu . Dng in ny to ra mt t trng bao quanh cun dy. Pha trn cun dy l cc dng, pha di l cc m.

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit !

Khi tip im h ra (hnh bn phi), dng ngng chy qua cun dy v t trng quanh cun dy cng khng cn c duy tr. Khi mt t trng mt i trong mt cun dy n s cm ng mt in p ln chnh n, to ra mt in p ngc (ln ti vi trm vn). Mc d pha trn cun dy vn l dng 12V nhng pha di cun dy sinh ra mt in p dng vi trm vn. 200 vn mnh hn 12V rt nhiu nn by gi dng in s chy t pha di cun dy ln pha trn.

- KIU RLE TRIT TIU IN P T CM Rle thng c iu khin bi mt b x l (v d rle iu khin qut kt nc tc trung bnh v rle iu khin qut kt nc tc cao c 2 transito trong ECU iu khin ng m). Khi rle c iu khin bi linh kin bn dn nh transito, chng buc phi c thit b trit tiu in p t cm nhm bo v linh kin bn dn vn khng chu ni in p cao. Cc mch bn dn (solid-state circuits) d b h hi (vulnerable) bi in p t cm.

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit !

Trong khi mt s mch x l c thit k trit tiu in p t cm bn trong th mt s khc thc hin trit tiu in p t cm t bn trong rle. in tr Ohm cao, diode, t in c s dng trit tiu in p. Diode v in tr c s dng thng dng nht. Ch : rle thng c ghi ch r nu c diode hay in tr bn trong. Mt diode ngn dng t cm c ni song song vi cun dy rle. N mc theo chiu nghch nn khi tip im m th khng c dng chy qua diode. Khi mch iu khin rle ngt (tip im h) dng s ngng chy qua cun dy, gy ra s gim ca t trng. Cc ng sc t xuyn qua cun dy v sinh ra in p ngc trong cun dy. in p ngc ny bt u tng ln. Khi in p ngc pha di diode tng cao hn in p dng ngun pha trn diode 0.7V th diode s dn cho dng pha in p cao i qua. Kt qu l trit tiu in p t cm

in tr c Ohm cao thnh thong c dng thay cho diode. in tr c bn cao hn v c th trit tiu in p t cm tng t nh diode, nhng in tr

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit ! s cho php dng chy qua n mi khi rle m. V vy in tr ca rle kh cao (khong 600 Ohm) ngn khng cho dng chy qua n nhiu.

in tr Ohm cao th khng trit tiu in p ngc hiu qu bng diode - Nhn dng chn (pins identification) Rle d kim tra nhng thng b lm ln (misunderstood). Dng mt rle 4 chn lm v d,trc ht chng ta phi nhn dng cc chn. Mt s nh sn xut ghi ch cch nhn dng chn bn ngoi v rle ch ra chn no l ca mch iu khin v chn no l ca mch ti tiu th.

Kim tra thng mch nhn dng chn Nu rle khng c dn nhn ghi ch bn ngoi th ta c th dng mt Ohm k v kim tra thy nhng chn no thng nhau. Bn c th thy c mt gi tr Ohm in hnh khong 50 n 120 Ohm gia hai chn. y l mch iu khin. Nu cun dy nh hn 50 Ohm th c vn . Tham kho ti liu xc nh gi tr c c c ph hp khng. Hai chn cn li hin th OL (khng xc nh) nu l loi rle thng m, hoc 0 Ohm nu l loi rle thng ng.

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit !

Nu gi tr o c l chnh xc th thc hin cc bc kim tra tip theo. Ch : nu o mt trong cc chn ch gi tr cun dy vi cc chn cn li hin th 0 Ohm hoc OL th rle b h hng v cn c thay th.

Sau khi cc chn c xc nh,kch mch iu khin bng cch cp ngun B+ cho chn s 1 v ni mass cho chn s 3.

Mt ting click c nghe. Mc d ting click ny c ngha l tip im ng li (hoc h ra), n khng c ngha l rle cn tt. Tip im cng tc mch ti c th vn cha tt (gy in tr cao), v bt buc phi kim tra k hn bng cch

Su tm Nguyn Phc Lc loc.plsoft@gmail.com cm n s chia s ca tc gi bi vit ! dng Ohm k o s thng mch chn 2 v chn 4. Mt li thng thng m k thut vin mc phi l h nghe ting click v tng rng rle cn tt. Ch : Vic kim tra rle c diode bn trong bt buc phi theo quy trnh ring. Nhng rle ny rt d h hng, vic t in p dng B+ sai chn (ngc) thay v ln chn s 1 v chn 3 ni mass s lm hng diode v lm mt i tnh nng bo v ca rle.