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4
 
@n" I|} dnm ]a{i|ga Ciou|}`ng
Lmw`n Gd{mnl{ & Od{clbb Od{s
VV{{s`ins`in44..55
 
;
][DC@NGCINCLU]S
@n" I|} dnm ]a{i|ga Ciou|}`ng
Lmw`n Gd{mnl{ & Od{clbb Od{s
Wa`bl mlg{lls" }`}bls" `ns}`}|}ls dnm scaiibs cins}`}|}l m`sc`¯ ub`nd{p ki|nmd{`ls dnm mlnl u{iflss`ins" }al `mlds dnm cin¯clu}s }ad} c`{c|bd}l `n d m`sc`ub`nl d{l o|ca oi{l m`f c|b}" `f ni} `ouiss`kbl" }i cdgl. @mlds d{l ki{{iwlm dnm duu{iu{`d}lmf{io inl lbm }i dni}al{. Waln dmiu}lm `n nlw cin}lq}scinclu}s d{l o|}d}lm" kds}d{m`xlm dnm d{l {l¯|}`b`xlm dnm"oi{l if}ln }adn ni}" mluib`}`c`xlm. Waln `} ciols }i `mldswl d{l dbb iuui{}|n`s}s: wl |sl }alo `n i|{ {al}i{`c dnm }isalm nlw b`ga} in fdo`b`d{ u{ikblos. Lol{g`ng jniwblmgllbms d{l lsulc`dbbp a|ng{p fi{ `mlds dnm u{ib`c `n gln¯l{d}`ng nlw inls }ad} }{dvlb dc{iss nl`gaki{`ng m`sc`ub`nlsdnm klpinm.]al d{{`vdb if }al ciou|}l{ ads u{im|clm d nlwjniwblmgl lbm }ad} wds lsulc`dbbp a|ng{p fi{" dnm u{ib`c`n" cinclu}s. S`ncl ciou|}`ng `s loklmm`ng `}slbf lvl{ mllul{`n }al fdk{`c if {ldb`}p }a{i|ga d ul{vds`vl nl}wi{j if cinnlc}lm" cioo|n`cd}`ng dnm slns`ng ikhlc}s" `} `s wi{}a¯wa`bl }i }{dcl dnm cad{dc}l{`xl }al cinclu}s gi`ng `n" i|}dnm }a{i|ga ciou|}`ng. ]a`s `s lqdc}bp wad} }al
]{dc`ngCinclu}s
u{ihlc} mldbs w`}a.]al d{}`c`db lnv`{inoln} if }al ciou|}l{ `s d ubdclwal{l ud{}`c|bd{bp dks}{dc} cinclu}s nm fl{}`bl g{i|nm.S`ncl
‒sif}wd{l `s ul{adus }al |b}`od}l al}l{iglnli|s }lca¯ nibigp" `} lq`s}s s`o|b}dnli|sbp ds dn `mld" bdng|dgl"}lca nibigp" dnm u{dc}`cl‟ 
 
NL;545
. @n d vl{p {ldb wdp" dcinclu} `s b`}l{dbbp u|} }i wi{j vl{p m`ffl{ln}bp }adn `} wi|bmkl `n nd}|{db bdng|dgl" sullca" }ai|ga} i{ oiv`ng `odgls. @nd u{ig{doo`ng bdng|dgl" cinclu}s klciol iul{d}`vl" olca¯dn`cdb cigs `n }al odca`nl{p if }al \n`vl{sdb Odca`nl.
Aiw }i |sl ]{dc`ng Cinclu}s
]a`s `s }al {s} `}l{d}`in – vl{s`in 4.5 – if ]{dc`ng Cinclu}s.@} fic|sls in }al lqcadngl if cinclu}s kl}wlln }al lbms if ciou|}`ng" d{ca`}lc}|{l dnm ua`bisiuap" w`}a d sulc`c `n¯}l{ls} `n }al ikhlc}¯i{`ln}lm ud{dm`go }ad} b`njs }alsl }a{lllbms }igl}al{. ]al mic|oln} `s s}{|c}|{lm ds d sl{`ls if dbuadkl}`xlm lncpcbiulm`d ln}{`ls" wa`ca cdn kl ndv`gd}lmkp }al apul{b`njs }ad} cinnlc} dbb ln}{`ls. Wl lnci|{dgl pi|}i fibbiw }al b`njs" k{ldj i|} if }al nd{{d}`vl" dnm s}d{}wal{l pi| sll } {d}al{ }adn gi`ng f{io D }i X. \nb`jl dnlncpcbiulm`d i|{ ln}{`ls d{l s|khlc}`vl" sllj`ng }i u{ivijldnm ni} `ns`s}`ng in d nl|}{db uis`}`in. Ln}{`ls vd{p f{iomln`}`ins }i lq}lnmlm t|i}d}`ins }i f|bb d{}`cbls. Si|{clscdn kl fi|nm d} }al lnm dnm d{l mlni}lm kp cimls }a{i|gai|}. D} }{dc`ngcinclu}s.nl}" }al }{dc`ng cin}`n|ls.
@n}{im|c}`in
 
3
Dc}i{/Nl}wi{j/]ali{p !DN])
HB;544
 Dc}i{¯Nl}wi{j¯]ali{p `s d m`sud{d}l fdo`bp if od}l{`db¯slo`i}`c }iibs" slns`k`b`}`ls dnm ol}aims if dndbps`s }ad} }{ld}lvl{p}a`ng `n }al sic`db dnm nd}|{db wi{bms ds d cin}`n|¯i|sbp glnl{d}lm lfflc} if }al wlks if {lbd}`ins w`}a`n wa`ca}alp d{l bicd}lm. @} dss|ols }ad} ni}a`ng ads {ldb`}p i{ fi{oi|}s`ml }al lndc}oln} if }aisl {lbd}`ins. @}s s}|m`ls lqubi{ldnm cad{dc}l{`xl }al wlks dnm }al u{dc}`cls }ad} cd{{p }alo.B`jl i}al{ od}l{`db¯slo`i}`c duu{idcals" }al dc}i{¯nl}wi{jduu{idca }a|s mlsc{`kls }al lndc}oln} if od}l{`dbbp dnmm`sc|{s`vlbp al}l{iglnli|s {lbd}`ins }ad} u{im|cl dnm {l¯sa|fl dbb j`nms if dc}i{s `ncb|m`ng ikhlc}s" s|khlc}s" a|odnkl`ngs" odca`nls" dn`odbs" ‑nd}|{l‐" `mlds" i{gdn`xd}`ins" `n¯lt|db`}`ls" scdbls dnm s`xls" dnm glig{dua`cdb d{{dngloln}s.
Dblqdnml{" Ca{`s}iual{
WU;544
 Dblqdnml{ !4036) `s }{d`nlm ds dn d{ca`}lc} dnm od}alod¯}`c`dn. [ldsin`ng }ad} |sl{s jniw oi{l dki|} }al k|`bm`ngs}alp nllm }adn dnp d{ca`}lc} ci|bm" al u{im|clm dnm vdb`md}lm!`n cibbdki{d}`in w`}a Sd{da @sa`jdwd dnm O|{{dp S`bvl{s}l`n)d ‑ud}}l{n bdng|dgl‐ mls`gnlm }i louiwl{ dnpinl }i mls`gndnm k|`bm d} dnp scdbl !u|kb`salm ds
 D
 
 Ud}}l{n Bdng|dgl
)
 
CD4077
. Dblqdnml{ ads g{dm|dbbp uis`}`inlm a`oslbf i|}s`mlcin}loui{d{p d{ca`}lc}|{db m`sci|{sl kp a`s iuuis`}`in }idnp cin}loui{d{p d{ca`}lc}|{db u{dc}`cl d} bd{gl d{g|`ng `n¯s}ldm fi{ d {l}|{n }i u{l¯`nm|s}{`db k|`bm`ng ol}aims dnm fi{a`s fl{vln} klb`lf `n dn ikhlc}`vl }ali{p if kld|}p. Dblqdnml{‐s
 Ni}ls in }al Spn}als`s if Fi{o
 
CD406=
wds{lt|`{lm {ldm`ng fi{ {lsld{cal{s `n ciou|}l{ sc`lncl}a{i|gai|} }al 4065s. @} adm dn `n|lncl }a{i|gai|} }als`q}`ls dnm slvln}`ls in u{ig{doo`ng bdng|dgl mls`gn" oi¯m|bd{ u{ig{doo`ng" ikhlc}¯i{`ln}lm u{ig{doo`ng" sif}wd{llng`nll{`ng dnm i}al{ mls`gn ol}aimibig`ls. Dblqdnml{‐sod}alod}`cdb cinclu}s dnm i{`ln}d}`in wl{l s`o`bd{ }i Lmsgl{M`hjs}{d‐s `n|ln}`db
 D M`sc`ub`nl if U{ig{doo`ng. D Ud}}l{n Bdng|dgl‐s
g{ld}ls} `n|lncl `n ciou|}l{sc`lncl `s }al mls`gn ud}}l{ns oivloln}. Dblqdnml{‐s ua`¯bisiuap if `nc{loln}db" i{gdn`c" cial{ln} mls`gn dbsi `n|¯lnclm }al lq}{lol u{ig{doo`ng oivloln}. ]al ‑w`j`‐ wds`nvln}lm }i dbbiw wi{j in u{ig{doo`ng mls`gn ud}}l{ns !}alw`j` wds ndolm
W`j`W`j`Wlk
dnm `s }al cinclu} |uinwa`ca
W`j`ulm`d
`s kdslm). Oi{l {lcln}bp"
]al Nd}|{l if I{ml{‐s
‒mllu gliol}{`cdb s}{|c}|{ls‟ advl klln c`}lm dsadv`ng `oui{}dncl fi{ ikhlc}¯i{`ln}lm u{ig{doo`ng" ud{}`c|¯bd{bp `n
C**
!inl if }al ois} uiu|bd{ u{ig{doo`ng bdng|dgls"fi{ lqdoubl O`c{isif} W`nmiws `s w{`}}ln `n `}).W`bb W{`ga} w{i}l }ad} Dblqdnml{‐s wi{j wds `n|ln}`db`n }al i{`g`n if 
]al S`os
ciou|}l{ gdol" dnm `n a`s bd}l{gdol"
 Sui{l.
 
Dn}a{iuicln}{`c
sll Ci{{lbd}`in`so
Dn}`/ud}}l{n
WU;544 & WWW;544
@n sif}wd{l lng`nll{`ng" dn dn}`¯ud}}l{n !i{ dn}`ud}}l{n) `s d ud}}l{n }ad} odp kl ciooinbp |slm k|} `s `nlfflc}`vl dnmi{ci|n}l{u{im|c}`vl `n u{dc}`cl.]al }l{o wds ci`nlm `n 400< kp Dnm{lw Jiln`g" `nsu`{lmkp Gdng if Fi|{‐s kiij
 Mls`gn Ud}}l{ns"
wa`ca mlvlbiulm}al cinclu} if mls`gn ud}}l{ns `n }al sif}wd{l lbm. ]al}l{o wds w`mlbp uiu|bd{`xlm }a{ll pld{s bd}l{ kp }al kiij
 Dn}`Ud}}l{ns
" wa`ca lq}lnmlm }al |sl if }al }l{o klpinm }allbm if sif}wd{l mls`gn dnm `n}i glnl{db sic`db `n}l{dc}`in. Dn Dn}`¯Ud}}l{n gils f{io d u{ikblo }i d kdm sib|}`in. Dwlbb fi{o|bd}lm Dn}`¯Ud}}l{n dbsi }lbbs pi| wap }al kdm si¯b|}`in biijs d}}{dc}`vl !l.g." `} dc}|dbbp wi{js `n siol nd{{iwcin}lq})" wap `} }|{ns i|} }i kl kdm" dnm wad} uis`}`vl ud}¯}l{ns d{l duub`cdkbl `n `}s s}ldm. Dcci{m`ng }i H`o Ciub`ln8
‒dn dn}`¯ud}}l{n `s siol}a`ng }ad} biijs b`jl d giim `mld"k|} wa`ca kdcj{ls kdmbp waln duub`lm.‟ 
If}ln ulhi{d}`vlbp ndolm w`}a cblvl{ iqpoi{in`c nlib¯ig`sos" odnp dn}`¯ud}}l{n `mlds doi|n} }i b`}}bl oi{l }adno`s}djls" {dn}s" |nsibvdkbl u{ikblos" i{ kdm u{dc}`cls }i kldvi`mlm. Siol}`ols cdbblm u`}fdbbs i{ md{j ud}}l{ns" }a`s `n¯fi{odb |sl if }al }l{o ads ciol }i {lfl{ }i cbdssls if cio¯oinbp {l`nvln}lm kdm sib|}`ins }i u{ikblos. ]a|s" odnpcdnm`md}l dn}`¯ud}}l{ns |nml{ mlkd}l wi|bm ni} kl fi{odbbpcins`ml{lm dn}`¯ud}}l{ns. Kp fi{odbbp mlsc{`k`ng {luld}lmo`s}djls" inl cdn {lcign`xl }al fi{cls }ad} bldm }i }al`{ {l¯ ul}`}`in dnm bld{n aiw i}al{s advl gi}}ln }aloslbvls i|} if }alsl k{ijln ud}}l{ns.Lqdoubls if dn}`¯ud}}l{n d{l ‑mls`gn kp cioo`}}ll‐"‑g{i|u}a`nj‐" ‑`nnl{¯ubd}fi{o lfflc}‐" ‑ikhlc} i{gp‐" ‑gibmlnadool{‐ l}c.
Kl`{mi
Od{s
Ods}l{s if }al \n`vl{sl
 
]al{l d{l inbp d vl{p flw lbms waisl u{dc}`}`inl{s `odg`nl}aloslbvls }i kl c{ld}`ng }al |n`vl{sl. ]alp d{l dkbl }i`odg`nl }a`s klcd|sl }alp advl dct|`{lm }al sj`bb if wi{j`ngw`}a d odca`nl }ad} aibms }al u{io`sl if ul{fi{o`ng }a`sdodx`ng dk`b`}p. ]alsl u{dc}`}`inl{s d{l jniwn ds u{ig{do¯ol{s" dnm }al }iib }alp w`lbm `s }al \n`vl{sdb Odca`nl –kl}}l{ jniwn }i |s ol{l oi{}dbs ds }al ciou|}l{.Suldj`ng dki|} }a`s \n`vl{sdb Odca`nl `n 40=7" Dbdn ]|{`ngsd`m"
‒`} cdn kl saiwn }ad} d s`ngbl sulc`db odca`nl if }ad}}pul cdn kl odml }i mi }al wi{j if dbb. @} ci|bm `n fdc} kl odml }i wi{j ds d oimlb if dnp i}al{ odca`nl.‟ 
]a`s v`s`ingils klpinm ol{l o`o`c{p doing odca`nls. Wi{j`ng w`}a}alsl odca`nls u{ig{dool{s d{l dkbl }i sll }al wi{bm `n}a`s odca`nl‐s `odgl" dbb }al wa`bl d}}lou}`ng }i `ou{ivl dnmd|goln} }al wi{bm }a{i|ga }al bdng|dgl" dndbig`ls" `odgls"dnm cinclu}s }ad} advl klln u{im|clm |nml{ }al `n|lnclif }al \n`vl{sdb Odca`nl. I{ waln biij`ng }a{i|ga }al u{i¯g{dool{‐s lpls dnm suldj`ng `n u{ig{dool{ suldj8 }al wi{bm`s d s|kiu}`odb ubdcl }ad} cdn kl iu}`o`xlm" dnm ciou|}l{sd{l }al }iibs }i mi `} w`}a.
Dc}i{/Nl}wi{j/]ali{p !DN]) – Kl`{mi
Notes
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