MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Chin up 1 monthChest up 2 monthKnee push and “swim” 6 monthSits alone/stands with help 7 monthCrawls on stomach 8 monthStands holding on furniture 10 monthWalks when led 11 monthStands alone 14 monthWalks alone 15 month

AT THE PLAY GROUND

* Stranger anxiety: 0 -1 year * Separation anxiety: 1 - 3 years* Solitary play: 0 – 1 year * Parallel play: 2 – 3 years* Group play: 3 – 4 years

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

AGE ERIKSON FREUD PIAGETInfant0 – 1.5Trust vs. mistrustOral (trust &dependence sensorimotor Toddler 1.5 -3Autonomy vs. shameAnal (holding vs.letting out)preoperationalPre-school3 - 6 Initiative vs. guiltPhallic (Oedipuscomplex)preoperationalSchool age6 - 11Industry vs.inferiority latencyConcrete operational11 - 20Identity vs. roleconfusion genitalFormal operational20 – 25Intimacy vs. isolation25 – 50Generativity vs.stagnation1

50 - ?Integrity vs.despair

LABORATORY VALUESELECTROLYTES

Sodium (Na+): 135 – 145 meq/L(increase-dehydration; decrease overhydration)Potassium (K+): 3.5 - 5.0 meq/LMagnesium (Mg++): 1.5 – 2.5 meq/LCalcium (Ca++): 4.5 – 5.8 meq/LNeonate : 7.0 to 12 mg/dLChild: 8.0 to 10.5 mg/dLPhosphorus (PO4): 1.7 – 2.6 meq/LChloride (Cl-): 96 – 106 meq/L

COAGULATION STUDIES

Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT): 20 – 36 seconds depending on thetype of activator usedProthrombin time(PT): male: 9.6 – 11.8 secondsFemale: 9.5 – 11.3 secondsInternational Normalized Ratio(INR): 2.0 - 3.0 for standard Coumadin therapy3.0 – 4.5 for high-dose Coumadin therapyClotting time: 8 – 15 minutesPlatelet count: 150,000 to 400,000 cells/UlBleeding time: 2.5 to 8 minutes

SERUM GASTROINTESTINAL STUDIES

Albumin: 3.4 to 5 g/dLAlkaline phosphatase: 4.5 to 13 King-Armstrong units/dLAmmonia: 15 to 45 ug/dLAmylase: 50 – 180 Somogyi U/dL in adult20 – 160 Somogyi U/dL in the older adultBilirubin: direct: 0 - 0.3 mg/dLIndirect: 0.1 – 1.0 mg/dLTotal: less than 1.5 mg/dLCholesterol: 120 – 200mg/dLLipase: 31 -186 U/LLipids: 400 – 800 mg/dLTriclycerides: Normal range: 10 – 190 mg/dLBorderline high: 200 – 400 mg/dLHigh: 400 – 1000mg/dLVery high: greater than 1000mg.dLProtien: 6.0 – 8.0 g/LUric acid: male: 4.5 – 8 ng/dLFemale: 2.5 – 6.2 ng/dL

GLUCOSE STUDIES

Fasting blood sugar: 70 – 105 mg/dLGlucose monitoring (capillary Blood): 60 – 110 mg/dL

RENAL FUNCTION TEST

Creatinine: 0.6 – 1.3 mg/dLBlood urea nitrogen (BUN): 5 – 20 mg/dL

ERYTROCYTES STUDIES

Erytrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR): 0 – 30 mm/hr depending on ageHemoglobin: male: 14 – 16.5 g/dLFemale: 12 – 15 g/dLHematocrit: male: 42% - 52% (increased in hemoconcentration, fluid loss and dehydration)Female: 35% - 47% ( decreased in fluid retention)Red blood cell (RBC): male: 4.5 to 6.2 million/uLFemale: 4 to 5.5 million/uLWhite blood cell (WBC): 4500 to 11,000/uLErytrocyte Protoporthyrin (EP) : <9ug/dLPhenylalanine Level: <2 mg/dLPKU: >25 mg/dL

CRANIAL NERVES

MAJOR FUNCTIONSI. Olfactory (S)

smell

II. Optic (S)

visionIII.

Oculomotor (M)

IV.

Trochlear (M)

Eye movement

V. Trigeminal (S-M)

Facial sensationJaw movement

VI. Abducent (M)