Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND MANAGEMENT
AT
HCL Info-Tech Systems
Jaipur
By
Manmohan Garg
mac.jpr@gmail.com
INTRODCTION
• Representation of a network:
Types and topologies of networks.
• OSI reference model.
• Network components and their
features.
• Data-Center internal connectivity.
• UPS Connectivity in the Data-Center.
• Network management.
• Scope of improvement.
• References.
TYPES OF NETWORKS
• LAN – Local area network is a
small geographical area such as
our school board.
• MAN – Metropolitan area
network is a network over a
larger geographical area such as
the provincial government.
• WAN – Wide area network is a
network used over an extremely
large geographical area such as
the federal government.
Representation of a network
2.Physical Topologies
2. Logical Topologies
NETWORKS ARE BROKEN INTO
3 TOPOLOGIES.
• BUS TOPOLOGY Allows
information to be directed from
one computer to the other. Lots
of binary collision though.
2. STAR TOPOLOGY is the
most common type used. All
computers are attached to a
hub. Less collisions and
most efficient.
3. RING TOPOLOGY Uses a
token to pass information from 1
computer to the other.
CAT5 cable
Speeds up to 100 Mbps.
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
When looking at network cables in the
way the wire ends are connected
within the RJ45.
Crimping
Tool
Hubs
• Hubs are layer 1 devices. They
regenerates the signal and
broadcast it out all the rest of
their ports.
• Classifications of hubs
4.Active or Passive hubs.
5.Intelligent or Dumb hubs.
THE DATA-LINK LAYER
The data link layer takes raw
transmission and transforms it
into a line that appears free of
transmission errors in the
network layer.
• There are smart devices such
as switches in the Data-Link
Layer.
• These devices takes decision
on the MAC address.
• Data link layer sends frames -
small fixed length pieces of
data.
SWITCH
• A switch is a Layer 2 device.
• They make decisions based on
MAC addresses.
• Switches make decisions
based on the MAC table.
THE NETWORK LAYER
The network layer is concerned
with controlling the operation
of the subnet.
IP Address
• An Internet Protocol address is
a logical address that is
assigned to devices
participating in a computer
network utilizing the Internet
Protocol for communication
between its nodes.
IP Address
Structure of an IP address
Subnet mask
It is used to identify the
network and host bits in an
IP address.
Broadcast Address
It is used to send data to all of
the devices on a network.
• Broadcast IP addresses end
with binary 1s in the host part
of the address.
• Class B Broadcast Address
Example: 176.10.255.255
Loopback
The IP address 127.0.0.1 is used
as the loopback address. It is
used by the host computer to
send a message back to itself.
Subnetting
Subnetworks are smaller
divisions of networks.
• Subnet addresses are locally
assigned by a network
administrator.
• Subnets reduce a broadcast
domain.
Subnet Addresses
• It has Class A, B, or C network
portion plus a subnet field and
a host field.
• For subnet field Bits are
borrowed from the host field
• The minimum number of bits
we can borrow is two.
Calculating Subnets
• We will subnet the IP address:
223.14.17.0
3.What class IP address is this?
Class C
4.Class C default subnet mask:
255.255.255.0
5.Let we Need:
13 subnets
10 hosts on each subnet
Now we have to determine how
many bits to borrow from the
host ID.
• .
UPS1 UPS2 UPS1 UPS2 UPS1 UPS2 UPS1 UPS2
1A 2A 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A
1B 3B 4B 5B 6B
Pw. Board 7