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Trnh t tip cn chng trnh quan trc mi trng phc v nh gi cht lng mi
trng c minh ha trong hnh 3.1:
i tng nghin cu
La chn v tr o v
s lng v tr cn o
Cc thng s cn o
Phng php ly mu
Thc hin ly mu
La chn thit b ly
mu v thit b o
Trnh by s liu v
vit bo co
STT
V tr
K
hiu
Ta
S
lng
Tng cng
26 mu
n v
TT Thng s
n v
15
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
pH
mg/l
16
mg/l
mg/l
17
Crom VI (Cr6+)
mg/l
COD
mg/l
18
ng (Cu)
mg/l
BOD5 (200C)
mg/l
19
Km (Zn)
mg/l
mg/l
20
Niken (Ni)
mg/l
Clorua
mg/l
21
St (Fe)
mg/l
Florua
mg/l
22
mg/l
mg/l
23
Cht hot ng b mt
mg/l
10
mg/l
24
Tng du m
mg/l
11
mg/l
25
Phenol (tng s)
mg/l
12
Xianua (CN-)
mg/l
26
Ha cht tr c
g/l
- 2,4 D
g/l
- Paraquat
13
Arsen (As)
mg/l
27
E.Coli
MPN/100ml
14
Cadimi (Cd)
mg/l
28
Coliform
MPN/100ml
1.4.
Tn sng
/knh, rch
Ngun thi
Mc ch s dng
Nhn chung:
Cht lng nc mt trn 11 tuyn sng rch kho st ti huyn Bn Lc thay i
theo thi gian v chu nhiu nh hng t cc ngun thi. S thay i pH gia cc v tr
kho st v gia 2 ln o cho thy cht lng nc trong khu vc khng n nh v thnh
phn cc cht lun bin i theo khng gian v thi gian.
Kt qu phn tch, nh gi cho thy, hin trng cht lng nc mt huyn Bn Lc
a phn t tiu chun cho php phc v cho mc ch ti tiu v giao thng thy
li. Vo thi im hin ti, nc mt trong khu vc kho st c biu hin nhim cc
cht hu c v ha hc, nhng mc nhim cha tht s nghim trng.
Cc thng s ch th nh: pH, DO, COD, BOD, N-NH4, Clorua, st (Fe) du m ca
cc v tr kho st a phn cha t c tiu chun cho php, mt s cn vt ngng
rt cao nh: hm lng du m.
Cht hot ng b mt, phenol, kim loi nng pht hin c tn ti trong mi trng
nc ca khu vc nhng hm lng tng i thp hn so vi quy chun cho php. Tuy
nhin, cc thng s ny cn c kim tra nh k theo tn sut nht nh trong nm bi
c trng v s d tch t trong ng vt v thc vt, i vo chui thc n gy nh hng
n sc khe con ngi.
Mt vi nhn nh i vi tng tuyn sng rch trn a bn huyn Bn Lc:
Kt qu phn tch v nh gi cht lng nc sng Vm C ng cho thy a
phn cc thng s u t QCVN 08:2008 (ct A2). Tuy nhin, cn mt s thng s vt
quy chun cho php nh: pH, DO, COD, BOD, amoni. Hm lng du m trn sng
Vm C ng cho thy s tn ti kh cao, vt ngng cho php.
Cc mu th cho thy Sng Vm C ng mang tnh acid nh v c du hiu
nhim hu c. Bn cnh , hu ht cc knh rch trn a bn huyn Bn Lc u ra
sng Vm C ng. Do , kim sot hiu qu cht lng nc trn sng ny, cn
phi kim sot t cc knh rch nhnh. Mt iu ng quan tm l ngun nc sng Vm
C ng hin ang c s dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot, do vy, vic qun l
cht ch cc ngun thi vo lu vc ny l v cng cn thit, cng nh cn quan tm
p dng cc cng ngh x l nc cp thch hp trc khi a vo s dng.
Mt s sng rch khc trn a bn c du hiu nhim ngun nc mt vi a
phn cc thng s ch th khng t quy chun cho php (pH, DO, COD, BOD, clorua,
st (Fe) hm lng du m) nh: sng Bn Lc, sng Rch Chanh, rch Thanh Lp, rch
9
10
11
mi =
(1)
Tng s phiu cu hi
mi (min)
mi
(2)
wi =
wi '
n
(3)
wi '
1
13
Dng tng
Dng tch
1 n
qi
n 1
( qi )1/n
1 1 n
2
( qi)
100 n 1
(UA-WQI)
(UM-WQI)
(US-WQI)
C tnh phn
lng ng gp
trng
wi
qiwi
qi
(WA-WQI)
(WM-WQI)
Dng Solway
1 n
2
( qiwi )
100 1
(WS-WQI)
WQI
Gii thch
91-100
II
71- 90
Good (Tt)
III
51- 70
IV
26 50
0 25
14
3.4.3. Xy dng cc bn hin trng nhim cht lng nc mt ti cc sng trn khu vc nghin
cu theo ch s WQI NSF
p dng tnh ton cht lng nc theo ch s WQI NSF dng tng trnh
by trn cho cc s liu quan trc cht lng nc cc tuyn sng rch chnh Huyn
Bn Lc nm 2008 v 2009, nhm nghin cu xy dng mt cch s lc cc bn
hin trng nhim cht lng nc mt ti cc sng trn khu vc nghin cu. Qua ,
din bin cht lng nc sng theo thi gian c th c nhn nhn mt cch n gin,
trc quan hn qua cc thang im c th v cc bn .
Bng 3.15: Kt qu tnh ton WQI-NFS ca cc mu nc mt Huyn Bn
Lc vo ma kh nm 2009
Stt
Mu MK
pH
DO
BOD
NNO3
PPO4
F.C
Nhit
TS
WQI
Ghi ch
M16
16
18
24
96
99
62
93
66
85
57
M18
26
17
61
96
99
63
93
67
86
63
Sng Vm C
ng
M19
24
26
22
96
92
60
93
70
87
59
M20
22
19
31
97
94
67
93
67
86
60
M21
14
23
96
99
59
93
76
84
56
M22
53
29
45
96
99
70
93
61
84
66
M23
46
19
23
96
99
54
93
61
82
59
M17
27
17
96
100
82
93
55
85
60
K. Xng An H
M24
16
13
63
96
99
45
93
66
86
58
K. T6
10
M25
17
26
62
96
97
67
93
66
87
64
K. T4
11
M1
18
16
96
99
67
93
85
52
K.Xng Ln
12
M2
28
24
14
97
99
60
93
23
85
55
13
M26
18
16
61
97
99
63
90
42
81
59
R. B King
14
M13
42
20
21
96
99
67
93
55
80
60
S. Bn Lc
15
M14
55
35
44
95
99
57
93
44
82
64
16
M15
27
16
54
97
99
62
93
59
81
61
17
M4
31
16
19
97
99
76
93
52
85
59
15
R.Cy Trm
18
M5
27
16
34
93
99
59
93
69
83
59
19
M3
45
16
33
96
99
67
93
58
83
61
20
M6
35
27
27
97
99
57
93
72
84
61
21
M8
55
17
25
96
98
54
91
80
86
61
22
M9
51
11
12
96
99
65
93
80
83
60
23
M10
55
14
24
96
99
63
93
69
83
61
24
M7
35
16
57
96
99
76
93
57
84
64
25
M11
45
15
43
91
99
70
93
56
82
62
26
M12
52
16
16
97
99
62
93
61
76
59
R. Thanh Lp
R. Bc Tn
S. Rch Chanh
pH
DO
BOD
NNO3
PPO4
F.C
Nhit
TS
M16
17
23
60
96
95
30
93
52
85
M18
18
30
58
96
99
54
92
32
81
56 Sng Vm
C ng
59
M19
34
30
60
96
97
54
93
76
83
65
M20
17
25
61
96
97
62
92
51
84
61
M21
33
66
96
56
52
91
84
87
59
M22
18
32
62
96
98
45
92
45
81
59
M23
19
23
78
96
97
54
93
53
86
62
M17
16
22
27
96
88
43
93
51
84
53
M24
20
15
69
96
97
59
93
56
84
61 K. T6
10
M25
33
16
62
96
98
52
93
55
82
60 K. T4
11
M1
37
25
66
96
97
43
93
44
85
61 K.Xng Ln
12
M2
49
27
58
97
98
45
93
47
84
62
16
WQI
Ghi ch
Stt
K. Xng An
H
13
M26
15
16
65
96
97
45
93
61
85
58 R. B King
14
M13
27
31
57
96
98
43
93
61
83
61 S. Bn Lc
15
M14
64
21
32
97
67
52
93
60
83
59
16
M15
18
14
17
97
46
34
93
51
81
45
17
M4
20
27
31
97
46
36
93
61
80
50 R.Cy Trm
18
M5
58
18
26
97
65
54
93
67
80
57
19
M3
53
19
20
96
96
43
93
70
83
20
M6
27
17
29
96
94
28
93
66
83
58 R.
Lp
53
21
M8
18
16
57
96
99
52
93
66
83
59 R. Bc Tn
22
M9
17
13
52
96
97
58
86
74
85
59
23
M10
63
21
50
96
97
63
93
76
83
67
24
M7
27
30
37
96
99
40
93
61
86
25
M11
27
28
57
96
45
60
93
53
85
Rch
58 S.
Chanh
57
26
M12
20
14
65
96
92
45
93
66
84
58
Thanh
Hnh 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, 3.36, 3.37, 3.38, 3.39, 3.40, 3.41 th hin din bin gi
tr WQI NSF ca h thng sng rch Huyn Bn Lc nm 2008, 2009 v ca sng Vm
C ng (on chy qua Huyn Bn Lc) vo thng 3 v thng 5 nm 2009.
17
Hnh 3.32. th din bin gi tr WQI NSF ca h thng sng rch Huyn Bn
Lc nm 2008 v 2009
18
Nhn xt:
th din bin gi tr WQI NSF ca h thng sng rch Huyn Bn Lc nm 2008 v
2009 (Hnh 3.32) cho thy, cht lng nc ti hu ht cc tuyn sng rch u t
mc trung bnh (WQI t 50-70).
nm 2008 (15 mu th/t), s chnh lch v cht lng gia 2 t kho st l
khng ln do thi im ly mu ri vo cc thng ma ma (thng 9) v chuyn tip t
ma ma sang ma kh (thng 11).
Cc kt qu phn tch mu v gi tr quy i WQI nm 2009 (26 mu th/ma) cho thy
c s dao ng v cht lng nc gia 2 ma kh v ma ti mt s v tr (r rt nht
l mu 15). Tuy nhin, din bin cht lng nc gia hai ma cha cho thy xu hng
r rng (c mt s mu th cht lng nc vo ma ma tt hn ma kh v ngc
li). Nguyn nhn ca hin tng ny c th do cc iu kin mi trng trong thi
im ly mu (c hoc khng c s x thi nc thi ca cc CSSX/dn c ti thi im
ly mu); hn na, gi tr WQI ph thuc kh nhiu vo cc thng s c la chn
tnh ton v quy i.
th cn cho thy mt s v tr cn quan tm khi din bin cht lng nc ca 2 nm
quan trc u c du hiu tiu cc nh: mu 15 trn sng Bn Lc (vng gip ranh gia
Huyn Bn Lc v Huyn Bnh Chnh TpHCM), mu M1, M2 trn knh Xng Ln (gip
ranh vi Huyn c Ha).
Nhn chung, theo kt qu quan trc nm 2009, cht lng nc mt Huyn Bn Lc
ang mc trung bnh. Trong ,
Cc sng rch khu vc pha Nam - ni tp trung nhiu hot ng cng nghip cng nh
dn c - c cht lng nc tng i thp hn so vi khu vc pha Bc. Do vy, cn
tp trung qun l v kim sot cht ch cc ngun thi ca khu vc ny nhm hn ch
n mc thp nht kh nng tim cn cht lng nc mc xu (WQI t 30-50).
i vi khu vc pha Bc, cc s liu quan trc cht lng nc ch mi c xy dng
ln u tin (nm 2009), do vy, s l kh sm khi c nhng nh gi lc quan v hin
trng mi trng nc khu vc ny. Mc d cc kt qu quy i WQI nm 2009 tng
i tim cn cht lng nc mc tt (WQI t 70-90), nhng cn ch ng c nhng
bin php qun l chc ch cc ngun thi, c bit trong lnh vc sn xut nng nghip
cng nh xu hng cng nghip ha trong tng lai ca mt s x ti y.
19