Professional Documents
Culture Documents
.
1+|, ues, e| |c|uadc s|a||c+dc. :| + e||c +|e+acs e| seat|| de|
cca a de |+ eate ue cca |cad+ ea+ e\|es+ ea +,a+|+: ||:|/
):.|:a/:a.:, ||acs e| t|eac de ea+|, ccac se e\|es+ ea |+
1|+ed|+ de| |a de -t+w+||+ |ecue|+d+ c| }es s l+|+. la est+ cc|+
eacs, c| ua |+dc, |+ t||ste:+ de| la|+ c| e| eaea|c c+|cudc
ue t|eae cc|+: a +as|csc de c|c , |+t+. l|e|ud|+adc |cs t|eacs
ea|de|cs, -t+w+||+ |+c|+ cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+, cca |+s de|d+des, cca |+
t|e||+ , d|ce: a|| |+cs de s+a|e/e|te| c| dcu|e|+
~
. Vemos, por
otro lado, ue |cs ccau|st+dc|es sca +s|a||+dcs ccast+ateaeate +|
cc|c| |c,c , +| ||e||c, ccac s|a a|acs de aue|te , des|+c|+ +|+ |cs
indios.
l+s |euat+s |+ate+d+s se |+cea a s u|eates s| ccas|de|+acs e|
notable aporte cr tico y renovador de la emergencia organizada de los
movimientos y movilizaciones sociales de los ltimos tiempos. Estos
ac|a|eatcs |+a |cuestc |+ |ed+cc| a de ua+ aue+ tcast|tuc| a
lc| t|c+ de| lst+dc c| ua+ -s+ac|e+ tcast|tu,eate, +|+ |ede|a|| e|
actual Estado, anclado en la monocultura, por un Estado pluriverso.
-ates de eat|+| ea tea+, e\cad|eacs c|eeaeate |+s ||ac|+|es
pol ticas y cambios operados en la Colonia, para luego continuar con las
t|+as|c|a+c|caes ea e| ccate\tc |euc||c+ac, |+st+ ccaceat|+|acs ea
la poca contempor nea, m s concretamente desde la promulgaci n
de |+ le, l\k-, +|+ e| sus ccasecueac|+s ,, ||ac|+|aeate, |cs
aec+a|sacs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs t+atc de| lst+dc ccac de |+s
c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s ,/c c+aes|a+s.
t+ce se +|+| ue e| estud|c |+ s|dc est|uctu|+dc scc|e |+ c+se de
t|es t|cs de |ueates: c|+|es, dccuaeat+|es , c|c||c| |c+s. :e |+a
privilegiado los testimonios de los actores sociales representativos
Tierra de cultivo bajo sistemas tradicionales que se deja en descanso por varios aos a fn
de restaurar su productividad, principalmente para el control de las malezas.
164 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
/\//- -| .a/4:4 4- | |a- )ra- .o )a-|| a:r:;
/-o)r- |-o )r/-/4 ; |-o -/:4 -a .a/r: 4- | /-r.-r
4- | 4-)r-4:4r- 4- | |a- a- /ao|:a r:a4- -\/-a/a-
4- .|:. /a .:o|/ -| )a-|| a:r:; / //-a- ./a.a-a/: |-./ r-:
| /ao|: aa: |-./ r-: ):r: a a|//-a./: /:o/|/:r !| /-o|r:
-| :rr: |: ;a.: ; : .a-r:: | |a- (lat|e|st+,
Cuadto 3
rtincipales cultivos
Cultivos ptincipales
de familias que
cultivan
-||c: )!,~
t+ + 11,!
tu|aec ),!
M+ : ],
M+a 11,~
l| + 1],1
l| t+ac |,
\uc+ ~,)
l|e,c| |,|
tua+ad+ |,|
iuente: tOl\-t, l|+a de test| a 1e|||tc||+| lad ea+.
3.2. 6anadet a
la |+ 1tO, |+ sue||c|e de sue|cs cca +t|tud ecu+||+ es de )~.)+|
|ect |e+s (++,~ de |+ sue||c|e tct+|,. l+ +ct||d+d ecu+||+ es
cca|eaeat+||+ + |+ +||cu|tu|+. la |+ 1tO, e| e] de| |+s |+a|||+s
|e+||:+ est+ +ct||d+d.
l+ |cducc| a ecu+||+ de |cs |ad ea+s est ||a|t+d+ + |cs +a|a+|es
aeac|es (c|c|acs , +es,. M|eat|+s ue |+ |cducc| a de +a|a+|es
a+,c|es (+cuacs, cue,es, cu||cs, c+c+||cs, es des+||c||+d+ c|
aed|+acs , |+ades +a+de|cs +seat+dcs ea |+ :ca+. 1cd+ |+ |+a|||+
+|t|c|+ ea |+ c| + de +a|a+|es. l+ a+d|e, e| +d|e , |cs ||,cs, c+d+
165 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
uac ea ua+ +ct||d+d dete|a|a+d+, t|eaea |+ |escas+c|||d+d de cu|d+|
+ |cs +a|a+|es.
3.3. Caza y pesca
l+ c+:+ , |+ esc+, + es+| de |+s ||a|t+c|caes c|||a+d+s c| |cs +sea
t+a|eatcs de te|ce|cs, s|uea s|eadc |+s ||ac|+|es +ct||d+des de
scc|e|eac|+ de |cs uec|cs. l| |cductc de est+s +ct||d+des se des
t|a+ +| ccasuac |+a|||+|, s|eadc | ct|c+aeate au|c e| usc ccae|c|+|.
l+ | ct|c+ de |+ c+:+ est dest|a+d+ ea ua )|,+ +| ccasuac de |+s
|+a|||+s. l| e+,+ de |+s |+a|||+s |e+||:+a est+ | ct|c+. l+s ||ac|+|es
esec|es c+:+d+s sca e| ,cc||, t+|tet , |u+sc , t+t .
l+s cc|+c|caes +seat+d+s ce|c+ + |cs | cs, |+ua+s , cu||c||s t|eaea
a+,c|es cs|c|||d+des de esc+ , c| |c t+atc a+,c|es ceae|c|cs de
est+ +ct||d+d. l+ +||aeat+c| a cca c+|ae de esc+dc t|eae ||c||d+d
||eate + |+ c+|ae s||est|e. l| ~|,) de |+s |+a|||+s |e+||:+ est+ | ct|c+,
dest|a+adc e| )] de |+ esc+ + |+ +||aeat+c| a |+a|||+|.
3.+. ia venta de mano de obta
l+ eat+ de a+ac de cc|+ se |+ ccae|t|dc ea ua+ +ct||d+d |ad|sea
s+c|e +|+ |+ eccaca + |+a|||+| de |cs u+|+,cs, |+: a c| |+ cu+| |+
cc|+c| a |e+||:+ a||+c|caes teac|+|es. lcs |cac|es sca |eue||
dcs +|+ t|+c+,+| ||ac|+|aeate ea ea|es+s a+de|e|+s, ea |+ades
|+c|ead+s c est+ac|+s +a+de|+s, ea est+c|ec|a|eatcs +| cc|+s de |+
|e| a , ea |c,ectcs de cc|ca|:+c| a (desacate, c|+uec, |c:+ de
ct|e|cs,. l| +c ue |ec|cea c| ,c|a+| de +cue|dc +| t|eac , t|c
de t|+c+,c ea |+ |+c|ead+, se a |cs eat|e|st+dcs, ea e| ae,c| de |cs
c+scs es de ! + !] cc|||+acs. l+s au,e|es , eaes t+ac| a s+|ea ||e
cueateaeate de sus uec|cs +|+ t|+c+,+| ccac ea|e+d+s ea -scea
s| a c :+at+ t|u: (\ece|: 1))e:]~,.
l+ eat+ de a+ac de cc|+ ccac c+se de |+ eccaca + de |cs u+|+,cs
es |esu|t+dc de| |+s |a|ueac|+s ae|c+at|||st+s de| s|stea+ ecca a|cc
|eate , de |+s ||a|t+c|caes ue t|eaea +|+ +ccede| + |cs |ecu|scs
de| ccsues. lst+s ||a|t+c|caes sca e| |esu|t+dc, + su e:, de |+s a+
s|+s ccu+c|caes de t|e||+s c| |cs te|ce|cs, ||ac|+|aeate |cs a+
de|e|cs ue |+a |educ|dc |+s |e+s de usc t|+d|c|ca+| , +|u,eat+a +
|cs +a|a+|es de| acate. 1cdc e||c se +ud|:+ c| |+ e\+as| a de |+
||cate|+ +| cc|+ , |+ |cducc| a de sc,+.
166 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
3.5. kecolecci n
l+ |ecc|ecc| a de ||utcs s||est|es ac se |+ct|c+ cca |eu|+||d+d, es,
a s c|ea, cca|eaeat+||+ de |+ c+:+ , |+ esc+. l+ |ecc|ecc| a est
|acu|+d+ cca e| ccacc|a|eatc , +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs
+|+ |+ +||aeat+c| a, +|tes+a +, ccast|ucc| a , | ct|c+ aed|c|a+| t|+
d|c|ca+|. l+s +|ae|+s, ea sus d||e|eates t|cs, sca |+s a s ut|||:+d+s:
cus|, c|cat+ , act+c , de |+s ue se cct|eaea ||utcs ccaest|c|es, a+
de|+ , +|a+s. l+ |ecc|ecc| a de |cs ||utcs s||est|es se dest|a+ + |+
+||aeat+c| a, |+s sea|||+s de |cc|es , |c,+s de +|ae|+ se ut|||:+a ea
|+ |cducc| a +|tes+a+| (||+e|cs, cc||+|es, c+a+stcs, u|u s, etc,.
l| ccae|c|c de esec|es se ceat|+ ea e| +ce|te de cus|., ua |cductc
dea+ad+dc c| |+ cc|+c| a c|uce + ea eae|+|. -ctu+|aeate, cca e|
+c,c de |ast|tuc|caes e\te|a+s, |cs ccaua+||cs +|cec|+a ccae|
c|+|aeate e| +ce|te de cus|, cca e| ue e|+cc|+a s|+acc, c|ea+s ,
ct|cs |cductcs ccsa t|ccs.
l+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s u+|+,+s |+a cca|c|a+dc |ec|eateaeate
+scc|+c|caes ccaua+|es de +|cec|+a|eatc |c|est+| +|||+d+s + |+
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ tu+|+,cs (-llt,. lst+s +scc|+c|caes
ccaua+|es ut|||:+a |+aes de a+ae,c |c|est+| cca e| |a de ccteae|
ceae|c|cs d||ectcs de sus |c|cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es.
+. Si1iXCi N XC1iXi: iX 1iNiNCiX ui iX 1iikkX iuS
kiCikSuS NX1ikXiiS
/ |:||:o 4- r-.ar a:/ar:|- -a |: :a: 4- |: )r:/a./:
6a:r:; /-a-o oa.|: r/a-:: -)-./:|o-a/- -a -| /-o:
/r-/:| - - a )/-a./:| \ - | o:4-r:||- -\//- /:o|/ a
):r: .a|//::r ):r: :a:4-r : (lat|e|st+,
/| |a- //-a- /4: -: r/a-:: |: o:4-r: o/a-r:|- /:a/
a- |:; -a 6a:r:; /: //-rr: /:a |/a4: )r4a.- /a :|a:r /a
|r-:r |a.:a4 -| :|a .a o:a:a//:|- )-r .a -| //-o) -
-/ )-r4/-a4 /4 | o:a:a//:|- |: o:4-r: (lat|e|st+,
+.1. ia demanda tettitotial
l+ 1tO de| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c +c+|c+ c+s| ea su tct+||d+d +
|+ |c|ac|+ tu+|+,cs, |ac|uc|+ + t|es aua|c||cs de -sceas| a de
167 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
tu+|+,cs, l|uc|c| , +|te de l| lueate. 1+ac| a cuc|e ea |+ +|te
ccc|deat+| ua+ ||+a,+ de |+ |c|ac|+ u|c de t| e:, aua|c||c de :+a
}+|e|. l|a|t+ +| \c|te cca e| de+|t+aeatc de| ea| , |+ |ese|+ de \|d+
:||est|e k cs |+acc , \e|c, +| :u| , +| lste cca |+ |c|ac|+ u|c de
t|+ : , +| Oeste cca |+ |c|ac|+ Oc|sc :+at|ste+a, de+|t+aeatc
de :+at+ t|u:, , |+ |c|ac|+ M+|c a, de+|t+aeatc de| ea|.
l| |ccesc de |eccacc|a|eatc de| te|||tc||c tu+|+,c se |a|c| ea
+cstc de 1))e. la ese acaeatc est+c+ ea |eac dec+te |+ |cuest+
de le, de 1|e||+s , |+ |cuest+ de le, de| :e||c|c \+c|ca+| de
ke|c|a+ -|+||+ (:\k-,. :e +|cec| es+ s|tu+c| a +|+ e|+cc|+| |+
dea+ad+ de 1|e||+ tcaua|t+||+ de O||ea (1tO,, |cs d +s |e|cs
+ |+ seuad+ a+|c|+ |ad ea+ , c+aes|a+ deaca|a+d+ lc| t|e||+,
te|||tc||c, +|t|c|+c| a c| t|c+ , des+||c||c
~
.
l| |ccesc |e+| de dea+ad+ de |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs se |a|c| e| | de
+cstc de 1))e. l+ teat|+| de O|+a|:+c|caes de luec|cs lad ea+s
tu+|+,cs (tOl\-t,, + t|+ s de sus |e|eseat+|es |e+|es, dea+ad
e| |eccacc|a|eatc , t|tu|+c| a de| te|||tc||c. tcac |esu|t+dc de |+
a+|c|+ aeac|ca+d+ se |c| |+ +da|s| a de 1e dea+ad+s de 1tO,
eat|e e||+s |+ de| uec|c u+|+,c, cca ua+ e\teas| a de !.1)+.+||
|ect |e+s. lcste||c|aeate, e| 11 de ,u||c de 1)), e| last|tutc \+c|ca+|
de ke|c|a+ -|+||+ (l\k-, dec|+| e| |e+ |aac|||:+d+ cca ua+
sue||c|e de !.!].|e),~) |ect |e+s.
l+ dea+ad+ te|||tc||+|, +|+ |e+||:+| e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc,
|+ s|dc d||d+ ea c|acc c| cacs. lcs c| cacs uac , dcs
()|!.!+,e) |ect |e+s, |+a s|dc t|tu|+dcs. ke|eseat+a e| e) de |e+
|eccaead+d+ c| e| estud|c de aeces|d+des es+c|+|es. -ctu+|aeate,
~
M+|c|+ ||st ||c+ de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s. M|eat|+s |+ d|||ea
c|+ de |+ tllO aecc|+c+ ea |+ c|ud+d de l+ l+:, e| tca|t de M+|c|+ |a|c| |+
ac|||:+c| a + |+ c+ce:+ de }cs +||+c+ (c||u|t+ac, , }u+a tu+||a+ (ac|a+, e|
! de +cstc de 1))e.
168 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
e| uec|c u+|+,c s|ue + |+ ese|+ de| s+ae+a|eatc de |cs |est+ates
t|es c| cacs.
+.2. Concesiones fotestales
l| + c 1))] se +|cc e| l|+a de lsc de| :ue|c (lll:, de| de+|t+aeatc
de :+at+ t|u:, ue de|ae |+s |e+s dest|a+d+s + |+ |cducc| a |c|est+|.
lat|e |cs d+tcs ue scc|es+|ea ea e| lll:, est |+ |ac|t+ate c+at|d+d
de :ca+s |c|est+|es ea |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs, c+s| e| e1 de |+ sue||c|e,
, |+ |deat||c+c| a de |e+s ea |+ kese|+ lc|est+| tu+|+,cs +s|a+d+s
+|+ usc +| cc|+ c +a+de|c.
la 1)), |+s ea|es+s |c|est+|es sc||c|t+|ca |+ ccae|s| a de sus
|e+s de cc|te +| auec | |aea de ccaces|caes. le |+s !+ |e+s de
cc|te c|||a+|es, s |c 11 se +decu+|ca +| auec | |aea. :e|s |e+s
de cc|te |esu|t+|ca se| seuad+s |e+s de ua+ sc|+ ea|es+ , s|ete
++|eateaeate des++|ec|e|ca de tu+|+,cs (:+at+ t|u:, :+a k+a a,
:c|ed+d, t||ct+, :+a }u+a, l+ lua+, Quec|+d+ |+ac+,.
l+ +ct||d+d |c|est+| es |ac|t+ate +|+ |+ |e| a. l| ~| de |+ c
c|+c| a des+||c||+ +ct||d+des ecca a|c+s ue se |e|+c|ca+a de a+
ae|+ d||ect+ c |ad||ect+ cca |+ +ct||d+d |c|est+| du|+ate tcdc e| + c.
rol gono Supethcie
demandada
(ha)
Supethcie
titulada
iecha de
titulaci n
istado
actual
1 ]]1.|,)~ +1|.1~,]|!e 1e/1!/1))) 1|tu|+d+
! )1].~1,]+1 ]1).!]e !/]/!1 1|tu|+d+
| !|.11~, la t| a|te
+ |)].~+), la t|+a|te
] 1.!!!,~) la t| a|te
Cuadto +
Situaci n actual de la demanda
iuente: la|c|ae l\k-, !].
169 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
Mapa 1
1Cu 6uatayos
lcs t|es aua|c||c de tu+|+,cs |ec|cea ea tct+| ua+ +teate |c|est+|
eu|+|eate + s. !). (+||ededc| de ]!.~ d |+|es,, c| |c cu+| se
s|eatea au, cca|caet|dcs cca e| sectc| |c|est+|:
! ):r//r 4-| a.-/ 4- |-:rr|| a r:a/::o ):r: a-
- -a.:ra- 4/r-./:o-a/- 4- r-.|:o:r |: r-:| : o:4-r-r:
-a/a.- r-./ a )a4/o .a/ra/r aa: -.a-|//:. (lat|e|st+,.
l+ 1tO dea+ad+d+ est |cde+d+ de ccaces|caes |c|est+|es. -dea s,
|+, d|e: ccaces|caes ue ccu+a ua tct+| de |~e.1),e] |ect |e+s ea
scc|ecs|c| a cca |+ 1tO. l+s ccaces|caes du|+a cu+|eat+ + cs, ua+
e: cua||dcs stcs, es au, |c+c|e ue uede e| ccsue +ct+dc.
l| s+ae+a|eatc |+ acst|+dc ue ea e| |e+ de est+s ccaces|caes se
|+a +seat+dc |ed|cs cca cc+c| a d||e|eate + |+ |c|est+|, , ea ct|cs
170 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
Concesi n
fotestal
imptesa
madeteta
Secci n de
ptovincia
Supethcie en
hect teas
Supethcie
sobtepuesta a
la 1Cu
rotcenta[e
supetpuesto
ladust||+ de
auec|es kcd+
l+c \e|de
:kl
l|uc|c| +|.)e),1~ +|.)e),1~ 1
tlM-l
\+sce|
late|a+c|ca+|
:kl
l|uc|c| ~].|)e,ee ]1.e)),1| |,]
la|es+
M+de|e|+
+|ce|,
he|a+acs ltd+.
+|ce|,
hacs. ltd+.
-sceas| a
de
tu+|+,cs
1.|1, 1.|1, 1
+||+c+
t|a+c|u: ltd+.
t|a+c|u:
ltd+.
-sceas| a
de
tu+|+,cs
+e., +e., 1
la|es+
-|c|adust||+|
l+ t|cat+ ltd+.
l+ t|cat+
-sceas| a
de
tu+|+,cs ,
l|uc|c|
!1., )|.e],~+ )|
:cc|ed+d
c|||+a+
M+de|e|+ ltd+.
:ccc|a+
ltd+.
-sceas| a
de
tu+|+,cs
!.1),++] !.1),++] 1
la|es+
M+de|e|+ e|a+
ltd+.
e|a+ ltd+.
-sceas| a
de
tu+|+,cs
]+.], ]+.], 1
tu+accc| :kl. tu+accc| l| lueate 1.+. 1.+, 1
-se||+de|c
t|||et ltd+.
tu|||et ltd+.
-sceas| a
de
tu+|+,cs
+!.]~, !~.)~!,)e e~
-se||+de|c
l|ee|||a :kl.
l|ee|||a l| lueate +.1e, !e.)e|,1~ e
Cuadto 5
Concesiones fotestales sobtepuestas a la 1Cu 6uatayos
iuente: l|+a teae|+| de M+ae,c tu|uc !], :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+|.
171 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
c+scs |cs a|sacs ccaces|ca+||cs se +|c|+|ca de |ed|cs cc||ad+ates
cca sus ccaces|caes. lstcs +seat+a|eatcs e|teaecea + te|ce|cs , +
ea|es+||cs a+de|e|cs, |c ue + ea ccat|+ de| de|ec|c +| te|||tc||c
de| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c:
!|r: | a- a )-r/a4/.: aa ). a |: .a.-/a- )ra- -|
//:4 4/: .a.-/a- /r-/:|- a- a |:a |-.| a /-a/||-
4- | r-.ar a:/ar:|- |:a 4-)r-4:4 | |a- |:a :.:4
.:/ /4: |: r/a-:: 4- |: o:4-r: l: a - .o -r: :a/- |: -a
/- :| : :/: :a 4- |: .::: ; )-.: !|r: ):r: .:::r //-a-a a-
:a4:r I` |/| o-/r :a/- | /|:a ; .:::|:a : /r- ./a. |/|
o-/r !|r: -a | |a- a |:; :a/o:|- - |:a :|a;-a/:4
)r |: 4-)r-4:./ a 4- |: o:a/a:r/: a- |:a -a/r:4 -a -:
.a.-/a- ; | a:r:; //-a-a a- :a4:r |-/ (lat|e|st+,
+.3. ios desmontes
l| desacate es uac de |cs |+ctc|es ue |eccu+ + |cs cc|+dc|es
u+|+,cs. M|eat|+s |cs ad|ces de de|c|est+c| a +uaeatea, |+ cs|
c|||d+d de +c+stece|se de |cs |ecu|scs de| ccsue se| c+d+ e: a s
|educ|d+. lc| e||c, se e| a cc||+dcs + cusc+| ct|+s +ct||d+des ue
|es e|a|t+ s+t|s|+ce| sus aeces|d+des.
la !], e| e de |cs desacates se e|ectu ea :+at+ t|u:. l| e]
se ccaceat|+a ea se|s aua|c||cs: :+a }u|| a, cca !~.+~ |+s (1e de|
le+|t+aeatc,, l| lueate, cca !.1!) |+s (1] de| le+|t+aeatc,,
:+at+ kcs+ de| :+|+, cca !!.1e] |+s (1! de| le+|t+aeatc,, :+a le
d|c, cca 1].!) |+s (~ de| le+|t+aeatc,, -sceas| a de tu+|+,cs,
cca 1+.!+ |+s (~ de| le+|t+aeatc,, , \++c+a cca 11.+)) |+s
(e de| le+|t+aeatc, (/| |/:r/ !/e/e,.
le estcs d+tcs, deduc|acs ue ea |+ |c|ac|+ tu+|+,cs (s|a ccat+| e|
aua|c||c de l|uc|c| , e| desacate ea e| + c !] +|c+a: + +1.|e)
|+s, |c ue |e|eseat+ e| !| de |cs desacates ea c|||+ (/| |/:
r/ !/e/e,. le +cue|dc +| |a|c|ae de |+ la|d+d lc|est+| Mua|c|+|
(llM, de -sceas| a de tu+|+,cs, ua tct+| de +.e]1,++ |ect |e+s |+a
s|dc desacat+d+s ||e+|aeate ea e| aua|c||c de -sceas| a du|+ate
e| + c !]. t|||+ +|+|a+ate ccas|de|+adc ue |+a s|dc desacat+d+s
||e+|aeate, |+s cu+|es sua+d+s + |+ c+at|d+d de desacates +utc||:+
dcs e|e+ |+ c|||+ + +e.!,++ |ect |e+s desacat+d+s c| + c.
172 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
+.+. rlanes de mane[o fotestal
- +|t|| de |+ |cau|+c| a de |+ aue+ le, lc|est+|, se ac|a+ , e,e|ce
ccat|c| ea |+ e\|ct+c| a |c|est+|. l+ |+a dec|||d+d de |+ +ate||c| |e,
|es|d + ea ue e|a|t + e| +|cec|+a|eatc |||+c|ca+| de |+ a+de|+,
+aea+:+adc e| cteac|+| |c|est+| , c+us+adc ua |+a |a+ctc ae+t|c
+| eccs|stea+.
/ o:4-r-r aaa.: .ao)|/-ra |: |-; 4- |a.| a- 4-. : a- -|
a- .r/- aa ):| 4-|- )|:a/:r ./a. a:4/- | |:. : /| :rao-a/
4- | o:4-r-r -r: a- -| |a- - r--a-r: )-r / |:; aa:
|-; - //-a- a- .ao)|/r |: |-; /: :a/-r/r |-; /a- ):r: a/r aa
)-r/a/./ (lat|e|st+,
lcs ||ac|+|es uatcs de |+ le, lc|est+| sca:
l+s ccaces|caes |c|est+|es se ctc|+a + |+|c |+:c (cu+|eat+
+ cs, +|+ cs|c|||t+| ua +|cec|+a|eatc scstea|c|e.
l+s ccaces|caes decea teae| ua |+a de a+ae,c , +||cs |ast|u
aeatcs ccae\cs (l|+aes Oe|+t|cs -au+|es,.
:e dece ++| c| |ect |e+ , ac c| c|uaea de a+de|+ +|ce
c|+d+.
\c uede |+ce| scc|ecs|c| a eat|e |c|ed+des +|+||+s , +|c
ec|+a|eatc |c|est+|.
-ates de cc|t+| |cc|es, cu+|u|e| |c|et+||c dece |eseat+| ua
|+a de desacate +|+ ccteae| ua e|a|sc de |+ :ue||ateadea
c|+ lc|est+| (:\\, !1: |e,.
la+ e: |cau|+d+ |+ le, lc|est+|, tcd+s |+s ccaces|caes |a|c|+|ca
|+ ut|||:+c| a de |cs l|+aes de M+ae,c lc|est+|, |c ue e|a|t| , de
+|ua+ |c|a+, ||ea+| |+ ||e+||d+d , e,e|ce| ua ae,c| ccat|c| +| ||+tec
, t+|+ |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de |+ a+de|+. :|a eac+|c, tcd+ + e|s|ste est+
|c|a+ de s+uec, ccac |c |eccaccea |cs ccaua+||cs:
!|r: .a |: aa-:: |-; -| //-o: 4- |: o:4-r: aa ). - |:
.:|o:4 /r|//-r:ra | )/r:/-r a :a || a- - 4-4/.:|:a
: |: :.//:/4:4 4- o:4-r: /|-:| a- ::a -a |: a.|- .r/:a |
):| | :.:a ; | :-a4-a !|r: .a |: aa-:: /-; /r-/:| -
|: .r-:4 -| /|:a 4- h:a-/ |:; )|:a- 4- o:a-/ 4- /r/)|- !
173 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
4- 4/-: 4- :-/a/- )r | o-a |:; :|r: aa .a/r| - |:.- aa
.-a 4- a //) 4- o:4-r: |:; ; / -/ -a |: o-4/4: ):r: a
:)r:-.|:o/-a/ - //-a- a- 4-/:r aa r|| -o/||-r ):r: a-
-\//: |: -)-./-. (lat|e|st+,
- ccat|au+c| a |eseat+acs ua ||st+dc cca |+s ea|es+s ue cseea
ccaces|caes |c|est+|es ea |+ |c|ac|+ tu+|+,cs , ue |+cea e\|ct+
c| a ea c+se + l|+aes de M+ae,c lc|est+|:
iuente: l|+cc|+c| a |c|+ cca d+tcs de |+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+| lO tu+|+,c, !e.
ltMl: l|+a teae|+| de M+ae,c lc|est+|.
---: |e+ de -|cec|+a|eatc -au+|.
-ll:: -scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ :+|+t|e||+.
-lll -scc|+c| a lad ea+ lc|est+| l|uc|c| .
`-utc||:+c| a de -|cec|+a|eatc ea 1|e||+s tcaua|t+||+s de O||ea.
Cuadto 6
rlanes upetativos de Xptovechamiento iotestal 2005
kaz n social
(nombte de la
emptesa, XSi, 1Cu
o ptedio)
1ipo de petsona Municipio Sup. ba[o
r6Mi
(ha)
Sup. ptomedio
de XXX seg n
r6Mi (ha)
tlM-llMk l1l-. la|es+ |c|est+| l|uc|c| !. |1.!)
l|+aet l+ t|cat+
laestaeat
la|es+ |c|est+| l|uc|c| |. .1!!
`-lll
tcaua|d+d
|ad ea+
l|uc|c| )1.||~ |.+|
-se||+de|c
lklkll\t :kl
la|es+ |c|est+| l| lueate e].e! |!.~1
-se||+de|c , c+||+c+
luestc \uec
l|c|et+||c
||+dc
l| lueate ]+.] !.!]
`-ll: tcaua|d+d
|ad ea+
l|uc|c| |. 1.
tlM-tkl/ l1l-. la|es+ |c|est+| -sceac| a
de tu+|+,cs
+e. !!
tlllll1 -se||+de|c la|es+ |c|est+| l| lueate +!.]~ 1.+)
174 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
+.5. Xsociaciones iotestales ind genas 6uatayos (Xii6)
l+s -scc|+c|caes lc|est+|es lad ea+s tu+|+,cs (-llt, sca c|+a|
:+c|caes ue a+c|e|ca c| |a|c|+t|+ de |+s ceat|+|es cca e| +c,c de
|ast|tuc|caes esec|+||:+d+s +|+ +|cec|+| |e+|aeate |cs |ecu|scs
a+de|+c|es, eae|+| |a|escs , ccasc||d+| e| te|||tc||c. le est+ |c|
a+, ccaea:+|ca e| |ccesc de e|+cc|+c| a e |a|eaeat+c| a de l|+
aes de M+ae,c lc|est+|, |cs ue |+a t|+scead|dc |+ ccacec| a de ua
s|a|e |ast|uaeatc t ca|cc +|+ |ate|ea|| e| ccsue +|+ |+ate+|se
ccac ua+ e|d+de|+ |cuest+ de des+||c||c ccaua|t+||c, |acc|c
|+adc aec+a|sacs ue e|a|tea +ccede| + |cs ceae|c|cs ecca a|
ccs d||ectcs e |ad||ectcs de| +|cec|+a|eatc |c|est+| , +|+a:+| e|
te|||tc||c |ad ea+ u+|+,c.
/| : I - r-:|/:: -| 4/:a //. .a -| )a-|| a:r:; ; a
)|:a | |:.- aa: /a///a./ a a- - ||:o: /!|/ a / .a/. -a
/.:a a -/a-r: 4- o:a-r: .r4/a:4: /aa/ .a |: O/\!6
):r: :|r4:r -| /-o: 4- |: .a):./ a // -\)|/.: -| |-.| 4- a-
- /a/./ |: /o)|-o-a/:./ a 4- )|:a- 4- o:a-/ |:/ -| |/-//:
.-a/r:| 4- .a|/4:r -| /-rr//r/ a:r:; - /a/./ -a |: .oa
a/4:4- 4- /ra|/.| ; :|:://-rr: /a/a.- :| a:.- aa: r:a/
::./ a /r-/:| .oaa//:r/: a- - 4-ao/a: !./:./ a /r-/:|
|a4 -a: /ra|/.| :|:://-rr: /| /!|/ a- :);: -a -| :)-./
./:| r:a/:://: ; 4- .:):.//:./ a r-:|/:: -/- /r:|:/ .a |:
-a/- 4- -/: 4 .oaa/4:4- .a -| :); / .a/. 4- |O//O/ ;
\\ /:; aa: -)-./- 4- .o// a /a/-r/a///a./a:| .:4: aa: .a
a r-)-.//:: .o)-/-a./: a- |r: |: :a/r/::./ a 4-| /|:a 4-
h:a-/ 4- -/: :./:./ a :a/- |: a)-r/a/-a4-a./: -a aa r-: 4-
+I |-./ r-: ! ):r//r 4-| : ``I - ::a /o)|-o-a/:a
4 | )|:a- 4- o:a-/ -a 4//-r-a/- .oaa/4:4- /:/: |: /-.|:
|:; aa: a)-r/./- |:/ o:a-/ 4- :)r\/o:4:o-a/- I :
` |-./ r-: 4-a/r |: O (lat|e|st+,
lste auec ccate\tc |+ e|a|t|dc ue se |e+||cea +cc|caes cca,uat+s
eat|e |+s ccaua|d+des |cc+|es , c|+a|:+c|caes e\te|a+s, dec|dc +
ue |+s ccaua|d+des ue cseea , +||c+a |cs ccacc|a|eatcs de
usc t|+d|c|ca+| de| |ecu|sc |c|est+| +|+ sus aeces|d+des c s|c+s, ac
t|eaea e\e||eac|+ ea e| a+ae,c de sus ccsues ccac aed|cs +|+
eae|+| des+||c||c.
175 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
l| l|c,ectc de M+ae,c lc|est+| :cstea|c|e (OllOk,, e| tc|ect|c de
lstud|cs -||c+dcs +| les+||c||c :cc|+| (tl-ll:, , e| :e||c|c hc|+a
d s de tcce|+c| a +| les+||c||c (:\\,, cca e| cc,et|c de |c|au
|+| |+aes de des+||c||c , se|ecc|ca+| |+s ae,c|es +|te|a+t|+s +|+ su
|a|eaeat+c| a, |a|c|+|ca ua t|+c+,c cca,uatc cca |+s ccaua|d+des
|ad ea+s. -s , e| !+ de eae|c de !], a+c| c|c|+|aeate |+ -llt,
+cc|eadc eat|e se|s , cc|c l|+aes de M+ae,c lc|est+| tcaua|t+||c
ea |+s ue |u|+a s|ete ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s eat|e |+s |uad+dc|+s.
l||+s sca |+s s|u|eates:
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ :+|+t|e||+,
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ -sceas| a,
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ l|uc|c| ,
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ tcaua|d+d tu|u| ,
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ Mcaea ,
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ \ct+ ,
-scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ :+at+ M+| +.
rlanes de Mane[o
Supethcie de teas
de mane[o (ha)
roblaci n (N de
familias)
\ct+ !~.]~e !|
Mcaea e+ ]
Mcaea +a||+c| a 11.
:+|+t|e||+ +).e)
tu|u| !e.+! +)
:+at+ M+| + !.+|| |]
l|uc|c| +1.1!| e
1u1Xi 159.235 1.194
Cuadto 7
Supethcie de los rlanes de Mane[o ind genas
iuente: l|+a de test| a 1e|||tc||+| tOl\-t.
lcs l|+aes de M+ae,c lc|est+| sca aet+aeate a+de|+c|es, +uaue
|+ e\ect+t|+ de |+ -scc|+c| a es +c+|c+| t+ac| a |ecu|scs ac a+de
|+c|es. :|a eac+|c, dec|dc + su |ec|eate c|e+c| a, |+ -scc|+c| a
tcd+ + ac est ccasc||d+d+.
176 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
+.6. kesetvas fotestales
l+ kese|+ lc|est+| de tu+|+,cs es ua+ de |+s 1! |ese|+s |c|est+|es
de c|||+, c|e+d+ e| 1 de +cstc de 1)) , |eccacc|d+ e| + c 1))e.
lst uc|c+d+ ea |+ ||cate|+ ac|te cca e| ea| , t|eae ua+ sue||c|e
+|c\|a+d+ de 1,] a|||caes de |ect |e+s. l+ |ese|+ est ea ua+ :ca+
de |d+ de| ccsue | aedcsuct|c|c+|, , |ue |uad+d+ cca |cs cc,et|
cs de ccase|+| e| | c|t+t a+tu|+|, ccaceat|+| |+ |+ua+ s||est|e, e|t+|
|+ c+ce| + , des+||c||+| e| ecctu||sac. 1|eae ua+ scc|ecs|c| a cca |+
1tO tu+|+,cs de ]].| |ect |e+s (-|de|t de \||es 1))~: ]e,.
la |+ |ese|+ se |c| ce te|a|a+ateaeate e| +seat+a|eatc de e|
sca+s, |+ t+|+ |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de |cc|es c |+ ||a|e:+ de ccsues cca
|aes +|cecu+||cs. -s|a|sac, e| lec|etc :u|eac \ 1!!e~ de !~
de |ec|e|c de 1)] ea su +|t cu|c 1 dec|+|+ au|cs , s|a +|c| +|uac
|cs dccuaeatcs, t tu|cs , |esc|uc|caes t+atc de| :e||c|c \+c|ca+| de
ke|c|a+ -|+||+ , e| last|tutc \+c|ca+| de tc|ca|:+c| a ue |+,+a
ccaced|dc t|e||+s ea dct+c| a +|+ |aes +|cecu+||cs deat|c de |+s
|ese|+s |c|est+|es de tu+|+,cs , l| t|c| .
- es+| de |+s |c||c|c|caes est+t+|es |+, se||+s deauac|+s + |+ :ue|
|ateadeac|+ lc|est+| de dest|ucc| a de |+ |ese|+ c| +seat+a|eatcs
||e+|es, t|+|c+ates de t|e||+s, ++ace de |+ ||cate|+ +| cc|+ scc|e |+s
t|e||+s de usc |c|est+| ,, |uad+aeat+|aeate, c| |+ +useac|+ de +utc
||d+d , |+ |+|t+ de +||c+c| a de |+ |e,. 1+ac| a se |+ce |escas+c|e
de estcs |ccescs de dest|ucc| a |c|est+| +| l\k-, c| cu+atc ea e|
|ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc ac se |+ |eset+dc e| l|+a de lsc de| :ue|c,
a| |cs de|ec|cs |c|est+|es (www.c|c.c|.cc,.
istado
iegal
X o de
tecono-
cimiento
tea
ptotegida
Categot a
Sobteposici n
entte 1Cu y
tea ptotegida
% de
la 1Cu
afectada
laac|||:+d+ 1))e
k cs
|+acc ,
\e|c
kese|+
de \|d+
:||est|e
]].| !]
Cuadto 8
kesetva iotestal
iuente: llM -sceac| a !e!).
177 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
Cuadto 9
kecutsos no tenovables
1ipo de
recurso
Situaci n de
explotaci n
inte explotadot
1ipo de
explotaci n
Arena Pocoexplotado Comunidadyotros Manual
Ripio Pocoexplotado Comunidadyotros Manual
Tantalio Explotado Concesionarios
Mec nicay
manual
M rmol
negro
Explotado Concesionarios Manual
Oro Explotado Concesionarios
Mec nicay
manual
Esta o Sinexplotaci n Ninguno Ninguno
Amatista Sinexplotaci n Ninguno Ninguno
iuente: llM -sceas| a de tu+|+,cs.
+.7. Concesiones minetas
la |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs se |+ ccast+t+dc +ct||d+d de e\|ct+c| a de c|c ea
e| k c |+acc, +uaue |+st+ +|c|+ ea eue + esc+|+, ||ac|+|aeate
c| a|ae|cs c|+s||e cs. le +cue|dc +| s|u|eate cu+d|c, eat|e |cs
a|ae|+|es e\|steates ea e| aua|c||c est a e| t+at+||c, e| c|c, e|
est+ c , |+ +a+t|st+:
:e a d+tcs |+c|||t+dcs c| e| aua|c||c de -sceas| a scc|e |+ e\|c
t+c| a a|ae|+, se uede |deat||c+| |cs a|ae|+|es , |+s :ca+s dcade
sca e\|ct+dcs:
l+ :ca+ de e\|ct+c| a de t+at+||c est uc|c+d+ ea |+ ccaua|d+d l|
t+ a, + 1] ||| aet|cs de -sceas| a. lst ea et++ de e\t|+cc| a
aed|+a+ c| ccaces|ca+||cs.
l| c|c es e\t|+ dc ea dcs :ca+s. l+ ||ae|+, deaca|a+d+ M|a+
t||c+, est + 1! ||| aet|cs de -sceas| a, ea |ed|cs de| s|ad|c+tc
l+ t|cat+. l+ seuad+, cca e| acac|e de M|a+ t|+ade, est ea
|ed|cs de| s|ad|c+tc l,cs+|, + 1 ||| aet|cs de -sceas| a.
178 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
l\|stea |ed|+s |ec|cs+s, eat|e e||+s |+ +a+t|st+, ue ac es
e\|ct+d+ , se eacueat|+ ea e| te||c :+cc , + cu+t|c ||| aet|cs
de -sceas| a.
l| est+ c, ue ac es e\|ct+dc, est uc|c+dc + cu+t|c ||| aet|cs
+| ac|te de -sceas| a.
l| a |ac| ae|c est s|eadc e\|ct+dc ea ua ce||c de |+
ccaua|d+d :+at+ M+| +.
l| |||c |++dc , |+ +|ea+ sca e\t|+ dcs de |cs a |eaes de |cs | cs
, sca ut|||:+dcs ccac a+te||+| secuad+||c ea |+ e\|ct+c| a de
a|ae|+|es.
1. kivi uiS1ukiX uii riiiu iNu 6iNX 6iXkXu ui
iXS MiSiuNiS
lcdeacs |deat||c+| t|es e| cdcs ||st ||ccs ea e| |ccesc de| uec|c
u+|+,c: |ea|s|ca+| (1]]1~+,, a|s|ca+| (1~+1)+, , |euc||c+ac
(desde 1)+,.
l|e|scs +utc|es |+a |ateat+dc |deat||c+| e| c||ea c |ccedeac|+ de
|cs u+|+,cs. Muc|cs cc|ac|dea ea ue su c||ea es ||utc de d|e|s+s
a||+c|caes de |cs u+|+a |+c|+ates ue |cea +a de| lste
)
, de l+
|+u+, c de |+s||. \+ e| + c 1~~e, t+|d s +||a+c+ ue |cs u+|+,cs
cs|c|eaeate ||e+c+a a s de cu+t|c s||cs ccu+adc |cs |u+|es ue
+ctu+|aeate |+c|t+a (t+|d s, 1~~e: e),, es dec||, desde |a+|es de|
s||c \l\. lste d+tc se uede |e|+c|ca+| cca |+ ||e+d+ de |cs cca
u|st+dc|es es+ c|es ea e| s||c \\l
1
, c| t+atc, se deduce ue |cs
u+|+,cs ccu+a su te|||tc||c desde |+ce c|acc s||cs.
lcs ||ae|cs |ateatcs de e+ae||:+c| a + |cs u+|+,cs se d|e|ca ea
1. lue|ca ||e+dcs + |+ |ue|:+ + |+s a|s|caes ,esu t|c+s de :+a }+
CXr 1iiu ii
Ctonolog a de los conictos
y visi n cultutal del bosque
)
t+|d s, 1~~e. lO|c|a,, 1~++. \c|des||c|d, 1)1 ea Ml:l/\-llO, 1))): +. t+|d s, 1~~e. lO|c|a,, 1~++. \c|des||c|d, 1)1 ea Ml:l/\-llO, 1))): +.
k|este|, ea: l e: , Mu||||c, 1))~: 11~.
1
la e| + c 1]e+, u|c de t| e: |e|es de| l+|+u+, cca |. |ad ea+s |t+ la e| + c 1]e+, u|c de t| e: |e|es de| l+|+u+, cca |. |ad ea+s |t+
t|aes, + |a de +|+a:+| |+ tcau|st+, ac se s+ce cca e\+ct|tud s| estcs |ad ea+s ac se s+ce cca e\+ct|tud s| estcs |ad ea+s
sca |cs +ate+s+dcs de |cs u+|+, , |cs u+|+suw+, c s| ua+ +|te de |cs u+
|+, se se+| +|+ |c|a+| e| uec|c de |cs u+|+suw+. (-|+|c l e: , l+|d
Mu||||c, 1))~,.
180 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
|e|, de dcade esc++|ca +| e| +aea+:+d+ su ||ce|t+d se| t|c+ ue
|es e|a|t + a+ateae| sus ccstuac|es e |deat|d+d cu|tu|+|. la 1),
se |cs eaccat| +| +:+| du|+ate ua+ e\ed|c| a de es+ c|es eac+a|
a+d+ + +c||| ua+ + de ccaua|c+c| a eat|e t||u|tcs , Mc\cs. la
1)| se ccast|tu, |+ keducc| a de :+a l+c|c ue |eua| + ce|c+ de
| u+|+,cs, u|eaes, |uec de se|s + cs c+,c |+ ac|a+t|+ a|s|ca+|,
sc||es|+aeate |e|es+a + |+ se|+ (lO|c|a,, 1))): !|+,.
lat|e |cs + cs 1~ , 1~!, du|cs, , auc|cs +acs, |ue|ca |cs es
|ue|:cs de |cs +d|es a|s|cae|cs +|+ |educ|| + |cs u+|+,cs, u|eaes
| +a ||c|es ea e| ccsue. - +|t|| de 1~!, ccac est|+te|+ +|+ |e
ua|||cs, se |uad+|ca |+s |educc|caes ea |cs |c|cs +seat+a|eatcs
u+|+,cs, ccac :+a l+c|c, ce|c+ de| | c :+a M|ue|: /a //-o) 4-
|: o//a- -o)-::ra : )||:r )r-./:o-a/- -| )a-|| a- -
:|r: /r/o-r /ro:ra aa: )||:./ a a- -r: -a :a h/a-| :
aa 4/-: |/| o-/r 4- -/- |a:r ; )r |//o - :-a/:ra -a -/-
|a:r (Osa+a }ust|a|+ac, eat|e|st+, 1!//e,. lesu s se |uad+
|ca |+s |educc|caes de :+at+ t|u: , 1||a|d+d. \+ ea 1~!+, e| +d|e
l|+ac|scc l+cue+ |uad ,uatc +| +d|e :+|+t|e||+ l+ -sceas| a
11
, |e
ua|eadc + |cs u+|+,cs de |+s se|+s , de |+s d||e|eates |educc|caes
(lO|c|a,, 1))): !|+!|],.
la e| e| cdc |euc||c+ac, ea d|st|atcs acaeatcs eat|e 1~! ,
1), |cs +d|es ||+ac|sc+acs |edu,e|ca , cca||t|e|ca + |cs +ctu+|es
u+|+,cs ea |cs c|acc uec|csM|s| a ue se |uad+|ca + |c |+|c de
c|ea + cs: l|uc|c| (1~!|,, \+u+| (1~++,, -sceas| a de tu+|+,cs
(1~],, \ct+ (1~|,, :+a l+c|c (1), , :+|+t|e||+ (1)|~, (l e: ,
Mu||||c, 1))~: 11~,.
lu|+ate e| e| cdc a|s|ca+|, eat|e 1~+ , 1), c+,c |+ c|dea ||+ac|s
c+a+ de |cs +d|es }cs tc|s , M+aue| \|ude: (1~+1~]+,, se |au
s|e|ca |+s |e|+s |ate|a+s ue ac|a+a |+ |d+ a|s|ca+| de |cs u+|+
,cs. l| s|stea+ scc|+| de |+a|||+ e\teas+ |ue sust|tu|dc c| |+ |+a|||+|
auc|e+| ccac ua|d+d scc|+| c s|c+. le |u+| a+ae|+, |+s |educc|caes
11
lO|c|a, |deat||c+ ]++ u+|+,cs, eat|e e||cs !) +|caes , !e] au,e|es, ccac lO|c|a, |deat||c+ ]++ u+|+,cs, eat|e e||cs !) +|caes , !e] au,e|es, ccac
cc|+c| a tct+| ue | + ea |+ aue+ |educc| a de l+ -sceas| a (tca+adc ea
cueat+ |+s |educc|caes de :+at+ t|u: , 1||a|d+d,. l+ -sceas| a es +ctu+|aeate
-sceas| a de tu+|+,cs, |+ c+|t+| de |+ |c|ac|+ tu+|+,cs.
|at|cdu,e|ca e| s|stea+ de cca+d|+:c, + t|+ s de| cu+|, c| cc||+
c|caes de |ec||cc|d+d, se a+at|eae |e|+c| a cca e|sca+s e\te|a+s
+| a c|ec |+a|||+|.
l| c||st|+a|sac a|s|ca+| c|+a|: |cs c+c||dcs , + |cs c+c|ues, ccac
|ast+ac|+s ue ||ea , ccat|c|+a e| ccac|t+a|eatc scc|+| , |cduc
t|c de| uec|c u+|+,c. lcs c+c|ues tea +a |+ +utc||d+d, e|+a |e
|eseat+ates |e|||cscs , ac|+|es de| uec|c, |escas+c|es de |cs
+suatcs |ad ea+s, ,+ se+a ccaua+|es c ||+dcs. l|+a e|e|dcs c|
e| ||ccc de +cue|dc + su c|uat+d de ccce|+c| a, de t|+c+,c , c|
se| cueacs c|e,eates.
lcs c+c||dcs e|+a ccase,cs |ad ea+s cu,cs |e|eseat+ates e|+a e|e
|dcs c+,c |cs a|sacs |eu|s|tcs ue |cs c+c|ues. - t|+ s de est+s
|ast+ac|+s de ccat|c|, |cs a|s|cae|cs, e|+adc c| e| cua||a|eatc
de |+s ac|a+s , +|c|es c||st|+acs cca |+ ,ust||c+c| a de |a+|t|| ,us
t|c|+, +||c+c+a s+ac|caes (+:ctes, c |ce|, cec c |csc||c|caes,. l+
|||de: de| c+st|c +||+c+ de +cue|dc +| t|c de |+|t+s ccaet|d+s, +s ,
|cs c+st|cs | s|ccs e|+a +|te eseac|+| de |+ educ+c| a de |cs +d|es
||+ac|sc+acs.
lcs a|eac|cs de| c+c||dc ccat+c+a cca c|e|tcs ||||e|cs eat|e |cs
u+|+,cs, ea |+ ||es|+ tea +a ua s|t|c esec|+|, du|+ate su |eua| a ea
|+ a+ +a+, e| cu|+ |es se| + ua t|+c, +uaue e| ccasuac de +|cc|c|
est+c+ est||ct+aeate |c||c|dc ea |+ M|s| a, |ec|c +a |e+|cs ea |+s
+cc|caes de |e+|t|a|eatc, etc. tca esc, |+ M|s| a se +seu|+c+ su
|e+|t+d ,, +| a|sac t|eac, |caeat+c+ |+ d||e|eac|+c| a scc|+| eat|e
|cs u+|+,cs (\ece|, 1))e: ++,.
ls |ac|t+ate |es+|t+| ue |cs u+|+,cs, du|+ate e| | |aea de |+s
|educc|caes a|s|ca+|es, tea +a ua+ |d+ est||ct+, cca |acs|c|caes de
c|+a|:+c| a scc|cc| t|c+ ue |c+a ea ccat|+ de su o4a :/:-a4/,
ac|a+s a|s|ca+|es ue tu|e|ca ue +cet+|, ues de se| ua uec|c
||c|e, c+:+dc| , |ecc|ectc|, ue | + ea a+|cc+s
1!
, +s+|ca + se| ua
uec|c ue |escad + + ua+ est|uctu|+ de sua|s| a: e|d|e|ca su
1!
t+s+s cctcca+|es |ec|+s de t|cac+s , |c,+s de +|ae|+ ue ccc|,+c+a |edes de
+|eatescc e\teasc a+t|||cc+|es.
MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos 181
182 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
+utcaca + e |deat|d+d, , tu|e|ca ue +|eade| |+ +||cu|tu|+ , |+
+a+de| + c|+a|:+d+. l+ +a+de| +, se a se |+ cca,etu|+dc, |ue ua+
|c|a+ de sedeat+||:+| + |cs |ad ea+s u+|+,cs +|+ ue +c+adca+|+a
sus | c|tcs de c+:+ ,, +| a|sac t|eac, |+ ccsac|s| a ue ea+a+c+
de sus | ct|c+s +acest|+|es de |d+. (l e: , Mu||||c, 1))~: 11),.
- es+| de |+s |acs|c|caes c|+a|:+t|+s +te|a+||st+s de |+s M|s|caes
+|+ e+ae||:+| + |cs s+|+,es, ue ce||+c+a ccc + ccc |+ |eac|+
cu|tu|+| c|||a+||+ de |cs u+|+,cs, |+s M|s|caes ac |c|+|ca cc||+| sus
| ct|c+s cu|tu|+|es +acest|+|es c||eat+d+s |+c|+ |+ |d+ ccaua|t+||+ ,
de |esetc es|||tu+| +| ccsue.
la 1)|) se |a|c| e| |ccesc de secu|+||:+c| a de |+s a|s|caes ||+ac|s
c+a+s. - es+| de |+ +cc||c| a de |+s |educc|caes, + d||e|eac|+ de ct|cs
|ucs |ad ea+s a|s|ca+|es ccac |cs c||u|t+acs de :+a }+|e|, |cs
u+|+,cs se ued+|ca ea sus |educc|caes. luec suced|e|ca c+ac|cs
ea |+s c| t|c+s scc|+|es , ecca a|c+s ue |cace| +a |+ ccu+c| a
de |+s t|e||+s c| +|te de |cs c|+accs , aest|:cs, u|eaes des|+:+
|ca + |cs u+|+,cs de sus te|||tc||cs. tcac a+ac de cc|+ c+|+t+, |cs
aest|:cs |cs ||e+|ca + d||e|eates |e|caes: ea|, l+adc , ct|+s |c
|ac|+s de| de+|t+aeatc de :+at+ t|u:, cca||t| adc|cs ea ac:cs c
ecaes de |+s c|ec|eates |+c|ead+s.
2. XN1iCiuiN1iS uiS1 kiCuS ui iuS CuNiiiC1uS ruk
iuS kiCikSuS NX1ikXiiS iN ii 1ikki1ukiu
!|r: ):r: |r-:/:/r |:; a- )-4/r )-ro/ : | 4a- 4-|
)/r-r ; / - a/-r- -a/r:r : |a.:r :| a - )a-4- a |:;
|/|-r/:4 /| |a- a:/ar:| a )a-4-a o-:a/a:r )a-/ a 4-/:a
-a/r:r (lat|e|st+,
l| lec|etc ke|+aeat+||c de 1+ de ,ua|c de 1)|) dec|+|+ c|eaes
a+c|ca+|es tcdcs |cs auec|es e |aauec|es ea cde| de |+s M|s|caes,
u|t+adc + |cs +d|es |+ |+cu|t+d de eade||cs c ea+,ea+||cs. -s|a|sac,
cca e| |a de |au|s+| |+ cc|ca|:+c| a, se ea|te e| lec|etc :u|eac de
1! de a+|:c de 1)+1, cu,+ |a+||d+d es +c,+| |+ d|st||cuc| a de t|e||+s,
|est+adc +,ud+ e|ect|+ + |cs cc|+dc|es , cc|cacs. lc| d|scs|c| a
de este lec|etc, tu+|+,cs +s+ + |c|a+| +|te de |+ ke| a M|||t+|.
lcste||c|aeate, de +cue|dc +| lec|etc :u|eac 1!1 de |ec|+ !! de
eae|c de 1)+~, se |cced| + d|st||cu|||es t|e||+s, e\tead|eadc t tu|cs
de |c|ed+d ue ac cd +a se| ea+,ea+dcs |+st+ ue t|+ascu|||e|+
ua e| cdc de d|e: + cs. la+ cca|s| a |cea|eate de |+ c|ud+d de
l+ l+: de||a|t |+s +|ce|+s de c+d+ |+a|||+ aed|+ate aed|c|caes
tcc| |c+s (he|acs+, 1)]: ~!,.
lat|e 1)+~ , 1)]|, +utc||d+des uce|a+aeat+|es |cea|eates de
l+ l+: |e+|t|e|ca sue||c|es de| te|||tc||c u+|+,c + |cs |ad ea+s
c|||a+||cs , |cs te||eacs c+|d cs |ue|ca e\|c|+dcs c| e| lst+dc.
l+s +at|u+s est+ac|+s +| cc|+s , |+s c+s+s de |+s a|s|caes |ue|ca
dec|+|+d+s |c|ed+d ||+d+ , ead|d+s + +|t|cu|+|es, esec|+|aeate
+ +a+de|cs |cea|eates de :+at+ t|u: , de| ea|. le est+ a+ae|+,
e| +t|ca+:c a|s|ca+| |ue sust|tu|dc c| e| +t|ca+:c |+cead+||c
(\ece|, 1))e: ++,. ls dec||, e| lst+dc ++| e| |a|esc de aest|:cs ,
c|+accs, u|eaes |c|a+|ca |+s ||ae|+s |+c|ead+s.
lesu s de |+ secu|+||:+c| a, + d||e|eac|+ de |c ue ccu||| ea
ct|+s :ca+s, |cs u+|+,cs ac +c+adca+|ca |cs uec|cs +|+ |uad+|
ccaua|d+des, e|a+aec|e|ca ea stcs |+st+ |cs + cs ] de| s||c \\,
ue est+c+a |+c|t+dcs c| aest|:cs (k|este|, :u+:a c+|, 1)): e,.
2.1. ia kefotma Xgtatia y su impacto
l+ le, de ke|c|a+ -|+||+ de 1)]| ea |+s t|e||+s c+,+s de c|||+ se
+||c t+|d +aeate , s||| +|+ ccasc||d+| |+s |+ades |c|ed+des.
lat|e |cs + cs e , se |a|c| e| |ccesc de dct+c| a de |+ades
e\teas|caes de t|e||+ + |+c| de |+t||uad|st+s , +a+de|cs.
-| a|sac t|eac, e| cc|e|ac ctc| t|e||+s + |+c| de |+s ccaua|
d+des |ad ea+s. :e eat|e+|ca +|ce|+s |ad||du+|es, eat|e ] , |!
|ect |e+s c| |+a|||+. le est+ a+ae|+, se |ca| |+ | |c+ ccaua+| ,
se ||+aeat e| te|||tc||c. l| lst+dc desccacc| |+ |deat|d+d ta|c+ de
|cs u+|+,cs, u|eaes se |e|ca cc||+dcs + c|+a|:+|se ea s|ad|c+tcs
+|+||cs , + |deat||c+|se ccac c+aes|acs, |+ a|c+ |c|a+ de se|
ceae|c|+dcs c| |+ |e,.
l+ ke|c|a+ -|+||+ |etead| eau|+| |+ |c|a+c| a de |cs s|ad|c+tcs
+|+||cs de Occ|deate. la e| O||eate se cca|c|a+|ca e s|ad|c+tcs
+|+||cs, cu,c cc,et|c ||ac|+| e|+ |+ |uc|+ c| |+ de|eas+ de |+ t|e
||+ , e| te|||tc||c, |at|cduc|eadc |+ acc| a de :ca+ +|+||+ t+ac| a
deaca|a+d+ :ca+ +| cc|+. :e t|+t+c+ de ua |e+ c|+|+aeate de||
MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos 183
184 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
a|t+d+ dcade se |e|cduc + |+ |c|a+ de |d+ , t|+c+,c se| cc|+: ua
eue c c|+cc dest|a+dc + |cductcs ||a+||cs de +utc sucs|steac|+
(+||c:, ,uc+ , ||ut+|es, ||ac|+|aeate, cca|eaeat+dc cca +|uacs
c+|cec|cs ccac te||eacs de desc+asc, ue e|a|t +a |+ |ct+c| a de|
sue|c |cduct|c, , ua es+c|c cca a de acate +|+ +ct||d+des cc+
s|ca+|es de c+:+ , |ecc|ecc| a de |cductcs de| ccsue. -ate est+
c+|eac|+, |cs cc|+dc|es |ecu|| +a + |+ cca|eaeat+||ed+d cca ct|cs
es+c|cs de acate +|tc, d|st|atcs + sus :ca+s, deaca|a+dcs c| e||cs
|ese|+s +|+ |+ esc+, |+ c+:+ , |utu|cs +seat+a|eatcs ea | cs, +a
t+acs, s+||t|+|es , +|tu|+s.
|ar:a/- -/: ).: | a:r:; /a:/-ra a- r:a/::r- -a
/a4/.:/ :r:r/ ):r: |/.//:r //-rr: -a/a.- -o)-: |:
4/:./ a )r ):r.-|: /a4/:/4a:| 4- :-/a/- : ./a.a-a/: |-./ r-:
\ .o)r-a4 :a a- a/r a r:o .:o)-/a ; a-
/-o)r- |-o /4 o:a.oaa:4 //- )r.- :| /a:| a- -|
4- | |-ro:a .|/a//:a /a- :);:4 )r -| \/.:r/:/ 4- a/
4- | :-: a- - -a.:r:|: 4- | /r o//- ):r: .:4: /:o/|/:
(lat|e|st+ + |eaea|dc /+cu: 1]/e/e,
1|
.
la este e| cdc, e| uec|c u+|+,c, +|+ +ccede| + |+ t|e||+, tea + ue
c|+a|:+|se ea :ca+s +|+||+s , t|+a|t+| |+ t|tu|+c| a de sus t|e||+s
+ate e| tcase,c de ke|c|a+ -|+||+, +c,+dc c| e| \|c+||+tc de u
|c de t| e:. lst+ s|tu+c| a eae| ue |cs |ad ea+s, ea ||ae| |u
+|, |a|s|c|||cea su |deat|d+d , +dctea |+ de c+aes|acs, c| ct|c
|+dc, ac est+c+ ea |+ | |c+ de |cs u|+,cs |+ |c|ed+d |ad||du+|, |c
ue cc+s|ca ue se |e|d+a +||+s |e+s de usc , +ccesc ccaua+|.
la e| a+|cc de |+ ke|c|a+ -|+||+, se |a|eaeat ua |c|+a+ de
cc|ca|:+c| a ue tea + ccac |a+||d+d |+c|t+| |+s t|e||+s de| O||eate
de c|||+, ccas|de|+d+s des|+c|t+d+s. :|a eac+|c, est+ :ca+ tea +
ua |+a cteac|+| ecca a|cc +|+ e| des+||c||c de| + s. -s , ||e+|ca
|cs ||ae|cs cc|cacs de |+s t|e||+s +|t+s, u|eaes |ec|c|e|ca, |u+| ue
|cs u+|+,cs, c|acueat+ |ect |e+s de t|e||+. la ccc t|eac, |c|+|ca
dca|a+| |cs ae|c+dcs |e|ca+|es (tl-ll:, !+: e,.
1|
Bienvenido Zacu, gran lder indgena guarayo de las tierras bajas de Bolivia, actualmente
es Director Nacional de TCO.
185 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
Ot|+ de |+s t+at+s deseat+,+s de |+ le, de ke|c|a+ +|+||+ e|+ ue
e| t tu|c ctc|+dc ac d+c+ + |cs |ad ea+s a|a a de|ec|c de +|c
ec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs de| ccsue , de| sue|c. Ot|c e|eaeatc
ue |a|u, ea e| a+|est+| |ad ea+ |ue |+ ccast|ucc| a , +s|+|t+dc de
|+ c+||ete|+ :+at+ t|u:1||a|d+d ea |+s d c+d+s de 1)~ , 1)), ues
s|a||c |+ e\+as| a +ce|e|+d+ de |+ |+a |c|ed+d (||ac|+|aeate
+a+de|+,. tca |+ c+||ete|+ t+ac| a ||e+|ca ea||+ates de |+s :ca+s
+ad|a+s, u|eaes se +seat+|ca ea d||e|eates +|tes de |+ |c|ac|+. la
este |ccesc, |cs u+|+,cs |ue|ca des|+:+dcs |+c|+ :ca+s c+d+ e:
a s +|s|+d+s , |eact+s (l+c|ecc , l+|acw|t:, 1))~: e,.
latcaces se |cdu,e|ca |cs ||ae|cs cca||ctcs eat|e +a+de|cs ,
u+|+,cs. la ||ae| |u+|, c|ue e| +a+dc +ste+c+ ||c|eaeate ,
eat|+c+ + |cs c|+ccs dest|c:+adc |cs cu|t|cs. la ct|cs c+scs, e|+a
e\u|s+dcs de sus c|+ccs. lc| ct|c |+dc, |cs +a+de|cs ce|c+|ca sus
|c|ed+des, ce||+adc e| +ccesc +| +u+, , ac e|a|t +a e| |a|esc +
|+s |e+s t|+d|c|ca+|es de c+:+ , |ecc|ecc| a.
lst+ s|tu+c| a es cc||ccc|+d+ c| |eaea|dc /+cu:
/: |a.|: )r |: //-rr: .o/-a:: .a:a4 |a| /-/ro: !r:r/:
-| : I` a- 4/ //-rr: : | |:///aa4:r/ ; /-rr:/-a/-a/-
||:o:4 :a:4-r |- :a-| //-o) :/-a- -| .a//./ - :)4-
r:ra 4- |: ):o): a:/ar:|- a- /-a : -| )a-|| /a/a.- ;:
a r:o /-|/.- .o/-a::ra | )r||-o: .a | :a:4-r
a- - :)r)/:a 4- //-rr: |// r/.:o-a/- aa-/r: / aa :a:4-r
a -a./-rr: a :a:4 a )a- :|:o|r:4 :/-./: -| .|:. 4-|
|-ro:a a:r:; )//-: -| .|:. ; :rra/a: -| :rr: ; |: ;a.:
/o)/-::a | .a//./ .a | /-r.-r |-4- -: :-: ;: a )4-
o /r:a//:r |/|r-o-a/- |:; :|:o|r:4: )r /4: |: ):o):
4 | :rr; a 4- a ) ||/. /a -o|:r ):r: a/r a
|:| : 4-r-.| ; - :)r:-.|:|:a -a/a.- .o/-a::a | :|a
4- -o)r-:r/ ! ):r//r 4- :| 4///o /-a-o a- r:a/::ra
(lat|e|st+, 1]/e/e,
l| uatc |a|c|+| de |cs cca||ctcs c| |+ t|e||+ |ue |+ aue+ |e, +|+||+
, ct|+s c| t|c+s de| tcc|e|ac ue |cac|e|ca e| +seat+a|eatc ,
+|cec|+a|eatc de| te|||tc||c u+|+,c c| +|te de cc|ca|:+dc|es
c+aes|acs uec|u+s , +,a+|+s ,, scc|e tcdc, ea|es+||cs a+de|e
186 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
|cs de :+at+ t|u:, u|eaes se +d,ud|c+|ca sue||c|es ccas|de|+c|es,
eae|+adc +aea+:+s + |+ |c|ed+d u+|+,+. l| |ec|+:c de |+s ccau
a|d+des |ad ea+s + est+ |e|c|a+ se d|c c|ue |+ +|ce|+c| a ac se
+decu+c+ + su |e+||d+d es+c|+|. - es+| de |+s aue+s |e,es est+t+|es,
|cs |ad ea+s s|u|e|ca |ac|+dcs , t+ac| a se |ac|+|ca sus de|e
c|cs ta|ccs , de c|ud+d+a +.
-ate est+ s|tu+c| a, du|+ate |cs + cs cc|eat+, |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s
|c|t+|ec|e|ca sus c|+a|:+c|caes +|+ |e||ad|c+| sus de|ec|cs ta|ccs,
c|| adcse a s e\|eates ea sus dea+ad+s de de|ec|cs te|||tc||+|es.
lste |ccesc cu|a|a ea 1)) cca |+ M+|c|+ c| e| 1e|||tc||c , |+
l|a|d+d ue dea+ad +| lst+dc e| |eccacc|a|eatc de sus de|ec|cs
, de su te|||tc||c. l+ a+|c|+ |c| de| lst+dc e| |eccacc|a|eatc de
cu+t|c te|||tc||cs |ad ea+s.
2.2. il boom de la explotaci n fotestal
l+ e\|ct+c| a c+|t+||st+ de |cs |ecu|scs a+de|e|cs ea tu+|+,cs se
|a|c| ea |+ d c+d+ de 1)e c+,c e| +a+|c de |+ |e|s|+c| a |c|est+|
de eatcaces. l+s ea|es+s a+de|e|+s |cced|e|ca + ua+ e\|ct+c| a
desc|dea+d+ , +|t+aeate se|ect|+ de |+s esec|es a s +||cs+s de |+
:ca+ (a+|+ , ced|c,, e\t|+,eadc t|cac+s |ac|usc de |+s +|ce|+s de |cs
u+|+,cs. lstcs |ec|cs |ccc+|ca |+ |e+cc| a ea |+ cc|+c| a |ad
ea+, ues |cs |ecu|scs de sus t|e||+s est+c+a s|eadc s+ue+dcs, ac
sc|+aeate |cs a+de|+c|es s|ac t+ac| a |cs |ecu|scs de |+ |+ua+. -de
a s, |+ |a+s| a de |+s a+de|e|+s , sus |ecu|scs |c st|ccs , |ua+acs
|ccc+c+a e| +|e,+a|eatc de |cs +a|a+|es de acate. lcs a+de|e|cs
c+:+c+a |+ades c+at|d+des de +a|a+|es +|+ +||aeat+| + sus t|+c+,+
dc|es. lst+s +cc|caes cc+s|ca+c+a ue e| uec|c u+|+,c ac ued+
+ccede| + estcs |ecu|scs |ad|seas+c|es +|+ su sucs|steac|+:
|-4- |:.- : |: -o)r-: o:4-r-r: -\)|/:|:a r|| a-
-a.a/r:|:a | )::|:a - -r: -| .a//./ -a/r- |: -o)r-: ;
|: )||:./ a ; a:4/- 4-. : a:4: /: -o)r-: 4-. :a ; -/; ):
:a4 :| //:4 ; )a-4 :.:r /4: |: o:4-r: ; a .|:. - o
/: o:4-r: /r:-a ):r: aa-/r a )-r |: -o)r-: :.:|:ra
.a /4/a: |: o:4-r: |: o:r: .arara 4-4- a- /ar-:ra -a
| : (lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
l+ ||ae|+ ea|es+ |c|est+| se est+c|ec| e| + c 1)e+. l| + c 1),
|a|es |+ ea|es+ a+de|e|+ de |cs |e|a+acs t|+,tu|s. - +|t|| de
187 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
1)1, cca |+ +e|tu|+ de |+ c+||ete|+ :+at+ t|u:1||a|d+d, eat| |+
a+,c| + de |+s ea|es+s ue +ctu+|aeate est a ea |+ :ca+ (-|de|t,
1)~: +,.
l| + c 1)e) se c|e |+ kese|+ lc|est+| de tu+|+,cs, c| lec|etc
:u|eac ~ee de |ec|+ 1) de |ec|e|c, du|+ate e| cc|e|ac de| t|+|.
kea +|||eatcs O|tu c, cca ua+ sue||c|e +|c\|a+d+ de 1.].
|ect |e+s, cca e| |a de ccase|+| , des+||c||+| |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es
|eac+c|es. le|c e| lec|etc t+ac| a +c|| |+s ue|t+s +|+ |+ |ae|s| a
de ea|es+s |c|est+|es.
l+ +e|tu|+ de |+ c+||ete|+ :+at+ t|u:1||a|d+d, cca||e ua+ a+,c|
+|c|+c| a , |+ e\|ct+c| a |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de |cs |ecu|scs |c|est+|es,
|educ|eadc e| es+c|c de |+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s. lcdeacs +||a+|
ue |cs a+de|e|cs a+at|eaea sus ccaces|caes , cueat+a +|c|+,
+dea s, cca e\teas+s t|e||+s t|tu|+d+s ccac |c|ed+des ||+d+s.
:e a acs+|ccs de| tll de| + c 1))+, e| )! de |+ sue||c|e ue se
|aac|||: ccac 1tO ea e| + c 1)) est cuc|e|t+ c| !+ |e+s de
cc|te, cca ua |caed|c de 1!. |ect |e+s c| ea|es+. -dea s
de |cs ccsues cca cteac|+| a+de|+c|e, |+s |e+s de cc|te |ac|u,ea
|+s :ca+s +|+||+s |ad ea+s, |c|ed+des +a+de|+s, de cc|cacs,
+a+s, |+ua+s, |ac|usc |cs uec|cs. l+s |e+s uc|c+d+s |ue|+ de |+
kese|+ lc|est+| t+ac| a est a dest|a+d+s tct+|aeate + |+s ea|es+s
|c|est+|es. la 1))| e\|st +a t|ece ea|es+s est+c|ec|d+s ue e\t|+ +a
|+s a+de|+s de a+,c| +|c| ccae|c|+| (-|de|t, 1))~: +,.
l| +|cec|+a|eatc |c|est+| se |a|c| cca |cc|es a+de|+c|es ccac
|+ a+|+. l+|+|e|+aeate, |+s a+de|+s c|+ad+s, ccac e| cc|c , e| +|c
M+| + , e| t+,|cc, se e\|ct+c+a ea +se||+de|cs. - |+ : de es+ |ate|ea
c| a |||+c|ca+|, |+ a+|+ d|sa|au, |+st+ c+s| su e\t|ac| a. Ot|+ +ct|
|d+d ue +|ect see|+aeate |+ ccacs|c| a de |cs ccsues a+t|cs
|ue|ca |cs |acead|cs |c|est+|es |ccc+dcs +|+ +a||+| |+ ||cate|+
+| cc|+ (llM, !e: 1!~,. -| a+|ea de |+s ea|es+s cca |e+s de
cc|te, |uac|ca+a |cs cu+|tcae|cs, e|sca+s ue s+c+a a+de|+ de a+
ae|+ ||e+|.
l+ |eseac|+ de |cs a+de|e|cs ea |+ |e| a ccc|+ |ac|t+ac|+ desde
e| |ast+ate a|sac ea ue se +|c|+a de| ||ac|+| |ecu|sc a+tu|+|,
s|a de,+| ceae|c|cs ecca a|ccs +|+ |cs |ad ea+s , c+aes|acs de
188 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
|+ |e| a, ,+ ue |+s cc||+c|caes t||cut+||+s , |e+| +s a+de|e|+s sca
+da|a|st|+d+s c| |+s |ast|tuc|caes de| lst+dc, tOklltkl/, -|c+|d +
, tcase,c de les+||c||c de tu+|+,cs. lst+s |e+| +s ccat|a +a |u
|+adc ccac deud+s de |cs a+de|e|cs.
-s|a|sac, cca e| +|cec|+a|eatc de |+ a+de|+ t+ac| a se |a|c|+
|+ c+:+ |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de +a|a+|es s||est|es, s|tu+c| a ue eaec|+
c+d+ d + c| |+ ccat|+t+c| a de c+:+dc|es |c|es|ca+|es +|+ |+ |c
|s| a de c+|ae +|+ |+ +||aeat+c| a de |cs ecaes de |+s ea|es+s
|c|est+|es.
l| +cc|ca+| de |+s ea|es+s a+de|e|+s, de |cs +a+de|cs , de |cs cc
|cacs d|sa|au, |+s cs|c|||d+des de +ccesc de |cs u+|+,cs + |cs |e
cu|scs a+tu|+|es. lesde |+ secu|+||:+c| a de |+s M|s|caes, |+a s|dc
cc||+dcs + ccae|t||se ea +||cu|tc|es de scc|e|eac|+, ea ecaes
de est+ac|+s , a+ac de cc|+ c+|+t+ +|+ |+s ea|es+s c+|t+||st+s a+
de|e|+s (-|c+|d + Mua|c|+| de -sceac| a de tu+|+,cs, !e: ]|,.
l+ ccast+ate |a+s| a de |+s ea|es+s a+de|e|+s + |cs te|||tc||cs |a
d ea+s, |+ de|+d+c| a de sus ccsues , |+ |a+s| a de +a+de|cs ,
+||cu|tc|es eae|+|ca +u|+t|a+aeate e| a+|est+| , desccateatc ea
|cs cc|+dc|es |ad ea+s u+|+,cs. l| + c 1)~ se c|+a|:+|ca +|+
deauac|+| |+ e\|ct+c| a |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de |+ a+de|+ , |ec|+a+| |+
ccasc||d+c| a de |cs te|||tc||cs |ad ea+s.
la 1)), |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s de c|||+ |ct+
ca|:+|ca ua+ ||st ||c+ M+|c|+ c| e| 1e|||tc||c , |+ l|a|d+d, ue
|||ua| ea e| escea+||c a+c|ca+| +|+ |e||ad|c+| sus de|ec|cs, |a|
c|+adc +s e| |a+| de s||cs de d|sc||a|a+c| a, |ua|||+c| a , c|es| a.
lse a|sac + c, |ucc ua ea||eat+a|eatc ea tu+|+,cs. la ua+ +s+a
c|e+, |+ la| a }uea|| t|uce |st+, |cs sectc|es ||+dcs , |cs |ucs
de cde| se ea||eat+|ca + |cs |ad ea+s (\ece|, 1))e: !,.
/| I 4- a:/-o|r- 4- I ; -r: )r-/4-a/- ; .o/-a: : r:a/
::r aa )r/o-r: .a.-a/r:./ a o:/:: /r/o-r: :-: -a |: |//r/:
a- - r-aa : -| )a-|| ):r: .a-//a:r : |: a|)r-/-./ar: .a:a
4 a :)-4r-:ra | :a:4-r | /r-/:|- /a -- oo-a/
-o)-::o : |:||:r 4-| /-rr//r/ ; |: 4/a/4:4 ; )-|-:o ):r:
|:.-r .a.-r : |: :a/r/4:4- a- a/r -\///o .o )a-
189 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
|| a- a r-)-/-a a- a :|a-a oa.| a- a o-/:a )r-
: |-ro:a a)a-/ :|/-:///: (lat|e|st+, 1/1/e,
:e| + |ate|a|a+c|e |+ce| ua |ecueatc de |cs cca||ctcs |ccc+dcs
+ |+ : de |+ |eseac|+ , +ct||d+d ecca a|c+ de |cs |:r: eat|e |cs
u+|+,cs. lc e|deate es ue |cs u+|+,cs s|uea s|eadc e\u|s+dcs
s|stea t|c+aeate de sus te|||tc||cs. l+s t|e||+s de |cs s|ad|c+tcs
est a |cde+d+s de est+ac|+s. l| ccat|c| , a+acsec c| t|cc e,e|c|dc
c| |cs |:r: cu+adc se t|+t+ de d|sut+s de t|e||+ test|aca|+a ua+
|c|eat+ ccu+c| a , e\|ct+c| a de| te|||tc||c. - e||c se sua+ |+ cc+
ccas|steac|+ , |+ d||s| a de |+ d|||eac|+s u+|+,+, |c ue d||cu|t+ sus
|ec|+acs (k|este|, :u+:a c+|, 1)): 1,.
tcac ccasecueac|+ de |cs ea||eat+a|eatcs cca a+de|e|cs , +a+de
|cs, |+ c|+a|:+c| a de| uec|c u+|+,c ccaea: + seat|| e| |ec|+:c ,
|+ |c|eac|+. la 1))], c| e,ea|c, e| d|||eate }cs l|+ +| |ue +s+|t+
dc c| cu+t|c |ad||ducs eac+uc|+dcs u|eaes |e d|s+|+|ca +||+s
eces c| t|+c+,+| ea |+ de|eas+ te|||tc||+| (\ece|, 1))e: !,.
l| + c 1))e se |e+||: |+ :euad+ M+|c|+, ue |c| |+ +|cc+c| a de
|+ le, de| :e||c|c \+c|ca+| de ke|c|a+ -|+||+, a s ccacc|d+ ccac
le, l\k-, ue |eccacce + |cs |ad ea+s e| de|ec|c de |c|ed+d de
|+s t|e||+s ccaua|t+||+s , |+ +|t|c|+c| a ea e| a+ae,c de sus |ecu|scs
a+tu|+|es + t|+ s de l|+aes de M+ae,c lc|est+|. l| cc|e|ac de||a|t
1e 1|e||+s tcaua|t+||+s de O||ea (1tO,, eat|e e||+s |+ dea+ad+ de|
uec|c u+|+,c.
la 1))e t+ac| a se |cau| |+ aue+ le, lc|est+|, ccac dea+ad+
de uec|c |ad ea+ ccat|+ e| +|cec|+a|eatc |||+c|ca+| de |+ a+de
|+. lst+ |e,, +dea s de ac|a+| |+ +d,ud|c+c| a , e\|ct+c| a |c|est+|,
|au|s+ e| a+ae,c de |cs ccsues ea |+s ccaua|d+des c|||a+||+s,
|ase|t+adc d|scs|c|caes ue ctc|+a: (|, |+ cs|c|||d+d de ue |cs
uec|cs |ad ea+s ued+a |+ce| usc , +|cec|+a|eatc e\c|us|c de
sus |ecu|scs |c|est+|es ue se eacueat|+a deat|c |+ ,u||sd|cc| a de
|+s 1tO, (||, +|+ |cs usu+||cs t|+d|c|ca+|es de| ccsue, ccaua|d+
des c+aes|a+s, uec|cs |ad ea+s , ct|cs usu+||cs de| |u+| e\|ste
|+ cs|c|||d+d de c|+a|:+|se ccac -|u+c|caes :cc|+|es de| lu+|
(-:l,, (|||, +utc||:+c| a +|+ e| usc dcaest|cc de| ccsue s|a cua|||
|eu|s|tcs |e|cs (1+acu||a|, et+acu|, ea lcace, !],.
190 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
l| |1 de ,u||c de 1)), |+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+| \+c|ca+| ctc| !
ccaces|caes |c|est+|es ue se scc|ecaea + cc|c 1|e||+s tcaua|t+||+s
de O||ea, deat|c de| deaca|a+dc |ccesc de ccae|s| a |c|est+|
c|uat+||+ de |cs +at|ucs ccat|+tcs de +|cec|+a|eatc |c|est+|.
lst+s ccaces|caes +|ect+a + ua+ sue||c|e de a s de . |ect |e+s
de ccsue, ue |ac|u,e |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs.
lcste||c|aeate, e| uec|c u+|+,c, ea se|+s + |cs |ateatcs de||ce
|+dcs de| l\k- de ccasc||d+| ua+ de |+s ccaces|caes |c|est+|es |a
ua+d+s (l+c \e|de,, c|cue |+ c+||ete|+ t|cac+| \c|te:u| (:+at+
t|u:1||a|d+d,. l+ aed|d+, ue |ue |e+at+d+ c| |+ |ue|:+ c| e| l, |
c|tc, |c| s|a eac+|c ue e| l\k- se +cstea+ de ccasc||d+| de|a|
t|+aeate |+ ccaces| a. :|a eac+|c, |+ d|||eac|+ de| uec|c u+|+,c
ac |+ seu|dc |+ de|eas+ de| te|||tc||c, c| e| ccat|+||c, |+ |caeat+
dc |cs +cue|dcs eat|e |ad ea+s , ea|es+||cs + |a de |+c|||:+| |cs
|ccescs de ce|t||c+c| a de a+de|+, ccasc||d+adc +s |+ |eseac|+
|ade|a|d+ ea |+s t|e||+s |ad ea+s de |+s ccaces|caes cuest|ca+d+s
(1+acu||a|, 1))): +)]!,.
3. CuSMuviSi N iNu 6iNX
\a-/r :|a-| |;:|:- a- //-a- 4a- .a/4:4r - -| a- )r
/-- a |:; a- 4: :r : |: a:/ar:|-:: a/ : | r||- /ra/:|- |
a- a //-a-a .a|/ar: a :-a | )-|/r
lcs u+|+,cs t|eaea ua+ |s| a |c| st|c+ de| ccsue: |+ |ate||e|+c| a
+|a a|c+ eat|e |cs |ad ea+s, e| ccsue , |cs es ||tus. l| ccsue es
cu|d+dc c| |cs due cs (es ||tus,, ue e|a|tea |+ sucs|steac|+ de
|cs |ad ea+s c||ad adc|es ||utcs , +||aeatcs. l+ t||+d+ |ad ea+
ccsuees ||tus dea+ad+ de |cs u+|+,cs e| |c|uadc |esetc ,
cu|d+dc de| ccsue:
/: .:: r:a4- 4- aa-/r :|a-| /-o)r- |: /4 -| |a-
4- 4a4- r-.|-./:|:a .:::|:a )-.:|:a ; )r - -|| /a-ra
/-o)r- | a- :/:/-ra ; /a-ra 4a- 4-| |a- (lat|e|st+,
1/e/e,.
/:r: a/r | 4a- 4- | |a- a aa-/r :|a-|
)ra- -|| a | a- |:a |a.|:4 4-4- |-/ .o 4/.- /r:
-a/- 4- /r )a-|| |:a |a.:4 4 a4- :/:/r |a.:a4 |a:r-
191 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
o-/r- ):r: :/:/r .a |: /:o/|/: - )r - a- ):r: o | 4a-
4-| |a- a aa-/r :|a-| (lat|e|st+, 1!//e,
lcs u+|+,cs |e|eseat+a su ccsac|s| a ea +cc|caes, ccac e| |e:c
+ates , desu s de ccteae| ua |ecu|sc a+tu|+| de| ccsue. la este
|e:c |acc+a + su de|d+d, e| 1+ac|, e| t|+a l+d|e c -cue|c ue d|c
c||ea + |cs u+|+,cs. ls e| | |ce cu|tu|+| ue ease + + |cs u+|+,cs
+ cu|t|+| , |es |cc|c|ca+ |+ a+,c| + de |+s |+at+s dca st|c+s.
l| 1+ac| es e| l,+ due c de| ccsue , de tcdc |c ue ea | se
eacueat|+. 1+ac| a |cs u+|+,cs |+cea |e|e|eac|+ + eates ccac |cs
+cue|cs ue, s|a||+|es + |cs dueades, |cteea tcdcs , c+d+ uac de
|cs |ecu|scs ue se uedea ccteae| de| ccsue:
/a /4 a o|// .a|/ar:| | a://: //-a-a aa 4a- ):r:
.:4: .: /r -/-o)| ):r: -| /-o: /r-/:| ):r: -| /-o: .:.-r :
-|| :|-a a/ a - 4a- . o - ||:o: /- 4a- - ||:o:4
|;: / a/-r-a /r 4- .:.-r : )r/o-r //-a-a a- r-::r )-4/r :|
4a- 4- | :a/o:|// ):r: a- |- ::;: |/-a -a a .:.-r : ;
a- : |: :a-|/: a |- |:: 4: )ra- |- )4 : )::r :|aa:
-a/-ro-4:4 /r | /:a/ -|| |r/a4:a -: r:./ a /a:.:a : --
4a- (lat|e|st+, 1!//e,
\a-/r :|a-| .r- :a a- -\// :a | :|a-| 4- | :a/o:|-
4- |: a:/ar:|-:: .o -) r//a a- -/:|:a .a/4:a4 /4: |:
.: a:a4 ; -r: .|/. - /|: .a o/ :|a-| :| |a- .a:a4
||-:|: : |: |:aa: 4a4- /-a : a- )-.:r | -o)-::|: :
:|a4:r ; )-4/r a- |- r-:|- )-.:4 / /|: : .:::r a- |- r-:|-
:| a |/.| (:a/o:|; |a-a | -) r//a ):r: a/r -r:a
|a-a )ra- .a:a4 - |- )-4 : :| /-o)r- - a .a.-4 :
(lat|e|st+, 1!//e,
l+ |s| a de ccsue +|+ e| uec|c u+|+,c se scst|eae ea ||+|es
cu|tu|+|es de |esetc. -acest|+|aeate, |ead +a c at|ccs ce|eaca|+
|es +| 1+ac| (+d|e |+ade,, e| ue |es ease e| cu|t|c (lO|c|a,,
1))),. -ctu+|aeate, este acu|c +|aca|csc , de |esetc +| ccsue
, + |+ a+tu|+|e:+ ue e|a|te s+t|s|+ce| |+s aeces|d+des ecca a|c+s,
scc|+|es, cu|tu|+|es , es|||tu+|es, + desde |cs ||tu+|es de |e:c +ates
de |a|es+| +| ccsue +|+ ccteae| |ecu|scs |+st+ |cs s|stea+s de
a+ae,c de sue|cs.
192 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
l| uec|c u+|+,c, + es+| de |+ce| s|dc |educ|dc c| |cs s+ce|dctes
||+ac|sc+acs, a+at|eae ua |+a |esetc c| sus es+c|cs s+|+dcs,
ccac |+ t|++cu|+, |u+| +| | a|te ac|te de| te|||tc||c u+|+,c, c e|
te||c t|+ade uc|c+dc scc|e e| | c :+a l+c|c. 1+ac| a ccase|+a |+s
c|eeac|+s +a|a|st+s scc|e |cs due cs de| ccsue, de |+s +u+s, de
| cs, |+ua+s , de |cs +a|a+|es:
/- | |a- )r/-- / |: -a/- |ao:a: a -a/r:o :| |a-
/ a )r/-/4 )r a -) r//a -: a | 4a- ; )r -
a/r 4-./o a- .:4: r|| //-a- a 4a- -a/a.- -||
a | a- | )r/--a l : -/ -) r//a - |- ||:o: 4a-a4-
a:ra|: -a a:r:; (lat|e|st+, 1!//e,
la |+ |s| a de |cs u+|+,cs ac e\|ste d||s| a eat|e |cac|e , a+tu|+
|e:+, +accs est a ua|dcs, |+ a+tu|+|e:+ e|a|te |+ e\|steac|+ de| u+
|+,c. lc| t+atc, |cs u+|+,cs |ateat+a a+ateae| |+ |ate||d+d de| ccs
ue, |+ t+s+ t|+ade se a e||cs, ues es |+ ue |cs ccc|,+ , |ctee:
/: )r/-../ a 4- |: //-rr: -r: 4- ao: /o)r/:a./: -r: | )r/o-
r a- |:. :a aa-/r :|a-| /r/o-r ):r: )r/--r |: //-rr: a
|:. :a r:a4- .|:a- .o :|r: / - |:. :a 4- :.a-r4
: |: /:o/|/: | ):r: |: a|//-a./: ; - -r: /o)r/:a/- a -
|- -.|:|: a/a a )r4a./ a- )a-4: 4: :r |: //-rr: l |: ):r.-|:
-|-/4: -r: : ):r: aa : :| -o|r:|:a :rr: .: : ):): -/.
/4 | a- a-.-//:|:a ):r: :/:/r ; |a- -: //-rr: .|:a-:4: 4-
/:|:a a- 4-.:a- ::r/ : )r | o-a aa ./a. : |-
:| - /|:a : /r |:4 )r - aaa.: |:. :a | .|:a-:4 -a
-| o/o |a:r /a a- |:| : aa ./r.a// 4- .:o|/ - ;-r|:|:
-: //-rr: /r: :-: ; - |-::a/:|: r||- ; 4-)a 4- ::r/ :
:|: :a ; .r- :a a- / 4-/:|:a 4-.:a:r |: //-rr: o : -r:
oa.| o-/r )ra- -|| a | )-a:|:a -a -| )r--a/- /a -a
-| /a/ar /:; a- :-|:r )r -| /a/ar 4- aa-/r |// -o)-::a4
: 4-/-a4-r |: //-rr: : /r:|:/:r|: ; -a- :r|- : aa-/r |// . o
- )a-4- o:a/-a-r |: :/4: -a aa-/r )a-|| )ra- a /4
::o : -/a4/:r ; :|/r )r/-/a:|- -a/a.- 4-|-o :)r-a4-r
: /r:|:/:r |: //-rr: (lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
3.1. valotaci n del bosque
l+|+ |cs |ad ea+s u+|+,cs, e| +|c| de| ccsue est a s +|| de| +|c|
acaet+||c c c+|t+||st+. l+|+ e||cs e| ccsue csee +|c|es |at| aseccs
193 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
de t|c cu|tu|+|, eacc|ca+| , es|||tu+| ue |+a e|a|t|dc su sucs|s
teac|+. l+ |s| a |c| st|c+ de| ccsue |es e|a|te |+ sucs|steac|+, ues
de| ccsue cct|eaea |cs |ecu|scs +|+ |+ +||aeat+c| a, |+ s+|ud (ae
d|c|a+ a+tu|+|,, |+ ccast|ucc| a , |+ +|tes+a +. -| a|sac t|eac ue e|
u+|+,c se s||e de |cs |ecu|scs de| ccsue, e,e|ce ua ccat|c| scste
a|c|e, a+atea|eadc , |cte|eadc ccaua|t+||+aeate e| +ccesc + |cs
|ecu|scs ea c+se + ac|a+s , ce|eaca|+s es|||tu+|es +acest|+|es:
(/| a:r:;; - aa: )-ra: a- .a/4: -| |a- 4/:o / |
//-a- ./a.a-a/: |-./ r-: /r:|:/: | a/./-a/- .o ):r: a- |- 4
4- :/:/r aa: 4 |-./ r-: - - a/./-a/- ! -/ )r--r::a4
-| oa/- /a ./a.a-a/: : -a ./-a : /a:|// /a- /-a/-a4
oa/- /a- /-a/-a4 o:4-r: ):r: |:.-r a .:: :.:r a |- : ;
/4 (lat|e|st+, 1+//e,
lesde e| uatc de |st+ ea|es+||+|, e| ccsue es +|c|+dc c| e| |e
c|c de |+ a+de|+ ea e| ae|c+dc. l+ +|c|+c| a de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu
|+|es |escade + |ate|eses |ad||du+|es c cc|ect|cs, de cc|tc c |+|c
|+:c. l| acde|c |adust||+| des+||c|||st+ ue auee + auc|cs ea|e
s+||cs, a+de|e|cs, +||cu|tc|es , +a+de|cs +aea+:+ ccast+ateaeate
|+ scc|e|eac|+ de |+ ccsac|s| a , cu|tu|+ |ad ea+ u+|+,+, ccac
+||a+ ua eat|e|st+dc:
h/r- aa-/r :|a-| 4-. :a a- -/ /|: : ||-:r 4-. :a a-
/ a ::o : /-a-r .a/4:4 .a | |a- 4- |: :/4: /4 - ::
: )-r4-r - :: : 4-|:.-r - :: : )-r4-r ; .o a- :|r: - -/
a/r/-a4 4- .:ra- 4- oa/- ; 4-| )-.:4
-ates |+c + |ecu|scs ea +cuad+ac|+ , |+c + ||ce|t+d +|+ ace|se ea e|
te|||tc||c s|a |est||cc| a +|ua+ +|+ cuc||| |+s aeces|d+des |+a|||+|es,
ea c+ac|c +|c|+ |cs u+|+,cs s|eatea ue |+ s|tu+c| a |+ c+ac|+dc
|cductc de |+ eaet|+c| a de +a+de|cs, cc|cacs , a+de|e|cs ue
e\|ct+a |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es |||+c|ca+|aeate, s|a tca+| ea cueat+
|+s | ct|c+s de ccase|+c| a.
3.2. rtincipios y valotes
l| uec|c u+|+,c t|eae ua s|stea+ de +|c|es , ac|a+s ue |e e|a|te
||| ea cc|ect||d+d, a+atea|eadc e| |esetc. lstcs +|c|es sca |+
sc||d+||d+d, |+ |ec||cc|d+d, e| ccaseasc, |+ +|t|c|+c| a, |+ o/a:, |+
ua|d+d , |+ cca|eac|+ +c |c+.
194 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
l+ eccaca + |ad ea+ u+|+,+ se c+s+, scc|e tcdc, ea e| t|+c+,c cc
aua+|, ea e| ue ||a+a |+s |e|+c|caes de +|eatescc , de cca+
d|+:c, , +|c|es ccac |+ o/a:, ue es e| t|+c+,c ccaua+|: tcdcs |cs
ccaua+||cs est a cc||+dcs + +c,+|se ea +ct||d+des |cduct|+s, es
e| |ate|c+ac|c de d+| , |ec|c||. 1+ac| a cca+|tea eat|e |+s |+a|||+s
|cs |cductcs de |+ c+:+ , de |+ esc+ ea se +| de ua|d+d.
tca |+ |acc|c|+c| a +| ae|c+dc, su|| ua+ |c|a+ de se| a s
|ad||du+|, ue est ccaduc|eadc + ue |+s |ast|tuc|caes de ccce|+c| a
, |ed|st||cuc| a, ccac |+ o/a:, est a ea c||s|s. l+s cc||+c|caes ue
+ates e|+a cua||d+s + ||esc de e|de| e| |est||c +|c|+ ac sca
tca+d+s ea cueat+. Ot|+ c+us+ de |+ c||s|s es |+ c|ec|eate |ac|deac|+
de |+ eat+ de |ue|:+ de t|+c+,c ue, +dea s de |est+| t|eac + |+
|e+||:+c| a de |+s | ct|c+s t|+d|c|ca+|es, |at|cduce ct|c t|c de
+|c|es, ccac e| t|+c+,c |eauae|+dc cca d|ae|c.
1. Si6NiiiCXuu uii CuNiiiC1u iN iX i 6iCX
6iXkXX
l+ cuest| a ta|c+ ccast|tu,e ua |+ctc| |ac|t+ate ea |+ a+,c| +|te
de |cs +ctu+|es cca||ctcs ea |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s. le|c t+ac| a es
aeces+||c e| ct|cs |+ctc|es, eat|e |cs ue cdeacs dest+c+| |cs de
ae|c, |e||| a, c| t|ccs , scc|+|es.
la |+ ccacec| a de| uec|c u+|+,c, e| |acua||a|eatc c descce
d|eac|+ de ac|a+s esc||t+s (|e,es, est+tutcs, |e|+aeatcs, , ac es
c||t+s (ac|a+s ac|+|es, cu|tu|+|es, |e|||cs+s, es e| ||ac|+| |+ctc|
deseac+dea+ate de cca||ctcs. \c ccedece| c ac +c+t+| |+s ac|a+s ea
e| eatc|ac |+a|||+|, ccaua+|, scc|+| c c| t|cc,u| d|cc eae|+ desc|
dea , +|es| a eat|e u|eaes cca|ea c+,c es+s ac|a+s, ue sca
+t||aca|c cc|ect|c , |ue|ca t|+sa|t|d+s ccac |e|eac|+ scc|ccu|tu
|+|. l+|+ |cs u+|+,cs |+c|+| de cca||ctcs sucae |cc|ea+s , a+|cs
eatead|dcs susc|t+dcs c| |+ |c|+c| a de ac|a+s. luedea ||e+| +|
ea||eat+a|eatc , +|te|+| |+ cca|eac|+ ccaua+|:
/:; .a//./ .a:a4 |:; :| a o:|-a/-a4/4 (lat|e|st+,
a//./ - .a:a4 :o| |:a4 a - )a-4-a -a/-a4-r -a/a.-
a - )a-4- r-|:-r ; - /a- |a.|:a4 ; )-|-:a4 (lat|e|st+,
/| .a//./ - .o-/-r .: a |-4-.-r :| - 4a4- - :/-a-
-| .a//./ ):r: -/:r .a |: -a/- |///:a4 ; |a- aa a )a-4-
CXr 1iiu iii
ios conictos pot los tecutsos
natutales en el tettitotio
196 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
a/ /-ro/a:r| )ra- |: -a/- a a/-r- |-4-.-r !a/- a -r: :
|: -a/- |/-a .a/r|:4: -r: :a/- ; / |:; .a//./ :| /-a-o
a- /-ro/a:r| a- a - |::a o :| :.:|:|:a |: .:
//:o -o)-r:a4 |: -a/- ;: a a/-r- |-4-.-r (lat|e|st+,
1+//e,.
l -a//-a4 a- .a//./ - a- ; o- )-|-- .a a/-4 o-
o-:a/a: :| :|a/-a :/-a- ; o- ::::||: /4 - ; -a//-a4
.o .a//./ (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
le t+| a+ae|+, e| ue u|ae|+ |+s ac|a+s |a|de e| cua||a|eatc de
|cs de|ec|cs de |+ cc|ect||d+d, ea este c+sc esec |cc, |cs de|ec|cs
|ad ea+s te|||tc||+|es , cu|tu|+|es, eat|e e||cs, e| |esetc + |+ |eau+
a+t|+, |cs uscs , ccstuac|es , |+s ac|a+s de cca|eac|+. 1+ac| a
se de|ae +| cca||ctc ccac ua des+cue|dc eat|e +|tes ue ac |c|+a
ua ccaseasc c ccac|||+c| a:
a//./ ):r: o - aa -a/r-a/:o/-a/ aa: )-|-: aa: 4/.a/ a
.o aa )r||-o: a- )a-4- a.-4-r (lat|e|st+, 1+//e,
tu+adc e| uec|c u+|+,c |+ce |e|e|eac|+ esec |c+ + |cs cca||ctcs
c| |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es, ccas|de|+ ue se eae|+a dec|dc +| |ate| s
de +eates e\te|acs , + |+ dea+ad+ de| ae|c+dc scc|e escs |ecu|scs.
la estcs cca||ctcs est a |ac|uc|+dcs +ctc|es ue t|eaea d|e|scs
|ate|eses. l| ||ac|+| |+ctc| deseac+dea+ate de |cs cca||ctcs es e|
|aed|aeatc c |c|+c| a de sus de|ec|cs.
lcs cca||ctcs susc|t+dcs c| |cs | a|tes de t|e||+s se d+a c| 1, |cs
+a+de|cs c te||+tea|eates |+cead+dcs ue scc|ecaea sus | a|tes
te|||tc||+|es + |cs te|||tc||cs |ad ea+s, !, |cs ++s+||+a|eatcs de| Mc
|a|eatc s|a 1|e||+ c de cc|+dc|es de| |ate||c| de| + s, ea esec|+|
de| Occ|deate, |, c| |cs | a|tes ,u||sd|cc|ca+|es cca |c|ac|+s ||ca
te||:+s + tu+|+,cs, , +, c| |+ e\|ct+c| a ||e+| de a+de|+ ea |+ 1tO
c| te|ce|cs.
teae|+|aeate, e| des+cue|dc eat|e +|tes deseac+dea+ ua+ se||e de
sucescs ae+t|cs, ccac ea||eat+a|eatcs e|c+|es , | s|ccs, auc|cs
de e||cs ea e| |ateatc de de|eade| |c ue c| de|ec|c , |e, cc||es
cade + |cs |ad ea+s. lstcs ea||eat+a|eatcs c|||a+a seat|a|eatcs
de |ua|||+c| a e |ad|a+c| a ccat|+ e| lst+dc:
197 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
/| .a//./ - | /o:a | /-r.-r | /-rr:/-a/-a/- -|| a
| a- a |:.-a .a//./ : a/r )ra- / - 4: .a-a/: -||
4/.-a a- a/r ::::||:o a )r)/-4:4- /a -o|:r a
-|| a- - ::rr:a r:a4- -\/-a/a- 4- //-rr: ; /r:-a o/|//:r-
):r: : |ao/||:r : aa-/r: -a/- )-r a/r .o 4-o:a4:a/-
|-:|- /:o ::o : )-ro///r a- /r: )-ra: :-a: : :a-:ra
-a aa-/r: o/o: .:: (lat|e|st+, 1|//e,
2. rkiNCirXiiS CuNiiiC1uS ruk ii iSu ui iuS
kiCikSuS NX1ikXiiS
l+ |es| a ecca a|c+ scc|e |+ t|e||+, ea e| a+|cc de ua+ |cducc| a
de ae|c+dc |cte|dc , || ||, t|eae |ee|cus|caes ae+t|+s scc|e e|
usc de| sue|c. l+s | ct|c+s |a+decu+d+s +ct+a |+ |e|t|||d+d de| sue|c,
|es|ca+a e| +ccesc + aue+s t|e||+s cca |cs ccasecueates cca||ctcs
de ccaceat|+c| a, scc|ecs|c| a de de|ec|cs, t|tu|+c| a eat|e ea
|es+s, cc|ca|:+dc|es , c+aes|acs.
-dea s, es e|deate ue cca |+ ccasc||d+c| a de |+s ea|es+s a+de
|e|+s ea e| te|||tc||c u+|+,c, |+s ae,c|es |e+s de |cs ccsues ue
d+|ca +|+ e||+s. lstc +c+||e+ |aauae|+c|es |cc|ea+s +scc|+dcs +
|+ |eseac|+ de +se||+de|cs c |esc+t+dc|es de a+de|+ ea |cs te|||tc
||cs |ad ea+s, |a+ctcs ae+t|cs desde e| uatc de |st+ +ac|eat+|,
ccac |+ de|+d+c| a de |cs sue|cs , |+ |d|d+ de c++c|d+d |ee
ae|+t|+ de| ccsue, |+ de+ue|+c| a s|stea t|c+ de |+ |+ua+ a+t|+
|ad|seas+c|e +|+ e| susteatc ecca a|cc, cu|tu|+| , +||aeat+||c de
|+s cc|+c|caes |ad ea+s (1+acu||a|, !: ],.
l+ e\|ct+c| a de |cs |ecu|scs |c|est+|es ea e| 1tO c| |+s ea|es+s
a+de|e|+s, +a+de|cs , cc|cacs ||a|t+ |+s cs|c|||d+des de |cs u+|+,cs
+| +ccesc + |+ t|e||+ , de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es de |+ |e| a.
l| |ccesc de t|tu|+c| a de sus t|e||+s ++a:+ |eat+aeate , cca au
c|cs |cc|ea+s c| +ctcs de cc||uc| a. :| c|ea se est a ccasc||d+a
dc |+s t|e||+s, st+s ac sca |+s ae,c|es. -dea s |+, cca||ctcs de sc
c|ecs|c| a ea |+ kese|+ lc|est+| de \|d+ :||est|e cca |c|et+||cs
ue |e+||:+a desacates , ||+te|cs ue eat|+a + e\t|+e| a+de|+.
/a !.-a/ a ; 4-a/r 4- |: O |:; (.a//./; .a | :a:4-r
a- a | ||:o:4 /-r.-r .a | )/r:/-r .a -| :)r:-.|:
198 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
o/-a/ /|-:| 4- |a- .a | :r)-.a:r/ a- ::a : 4-rrao
|:r |a- ; 4-oa/:a r:a4- .:a//4:4- .a | o/a-r a-
-/ a /r:|:/:a4 -a /ro: /:o|/ a )/r:/-:4: /|-:|o-a/- ; /r
a- -/ a :)r:-.|:a4 | r-.ar :.a //. -| /-o: 4- |::r
/ (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
l| te|||tc||c u+|+,c t|eae ua+ +|t+ u|ae|+c|||d+d. l+ +|te ac|te de
|+ dea+ad+ (+ctu+| |e+ t|tu|+d+, est desccu+d+ , t|eae ua |+a c
teac|+| ea c|cd|e|s|d+d. 1|eae +ccesc + t|+ s de |cs | cs :+a l+c|c,
|+acc , \e||||c, |c ue +|cec|+a |cs a+de|e|cs, c+:+dc|es |u|
t|cs , esc+dc|es ue |a|es+a +|+ |e+||:+| +ct||d+des s|a a|a a
t|c de ccat|c|, e\t|+,eadc esec|es de |cc|es +||cscs (tOl\-t
t1l, s/+: +,. \c |+, ccat|c| de |+s c|+a|:+c|caes |cc+|es a| ceat|+|es
ues ac e\|stea aec+a|sac de seu|a|eatc.
2.1. 1ipo de conictos
:ca cca||ctcs |ate|acs cu+adc se |cducea ea e| seac |+a|||+|, ea
|+s |edes de +|eatescc, ea |+ ccaua|d+d, eat|e ccaua|d+des c ea
e| te|||tc||c. lstcs cca||ctcs est a |e|+c|ca+dcs cca e| +ccesc , +|c
ec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. :ca |ccc+dcs c|ue se
|caea |+s ac|a+s c ac |+, ua+ |e|+aeat+c| a c|+|+. lcs cca||ctcs
uedea d+|se eat|e dcs |+a|||+s c| scc|ecs|c| a de +|ce|+s. tu+a
dc |+, e\|ct+c| a ||e+| de a+de|+ ea ceae|c|cs de uacs cu+atcs, |+
ccaua|d+d |e+cc|ca+. 1+ac| a uedea d+|se cu+adc |+s +utc||d+des
, |cs d|||eates de |+ ceat|+| c e| te|||tc||c |+cea t|+tcs c aecc|+dcs
cca e\te|acs +|+ ceae|c|c e|sca+|.
lcs cca||ctcs sca e\te|acs cu+adc se |cducea cca +eates +,eacs
|+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s, ccac |cs a+de|e|cs, +a+de|cs, cc|cacs
c c+aes|acs:
a//./ a o:| -a/-a4/4 a- |:; .a -a/- a- a a
4- aa-/r: -/a/: a -a/- ||:a.: a- a a -a//-a4-a a
-a//-a4-a |: /o)r/:a./: 4- aa-/r -a/ra a- - |: O -||
::a :| /-o: .o-r./:| a/r a r-a:r4:o |a- ):r:
.o-r./:|/::r /a )ra- 4- :| - a- |r-:/:/o : - |:
r:: a )r/a./):| )r |: .a:| a/r |a.|:o ; ::o : -a/r
|a.|:a4 (lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
2.1.1. 1ietta y tettitotio
l| uec|c u+|+,c ac tea + ccac | ct|c+ cu|tu|+| |+ eat+ de t|e||+s.
l+ eat+ de a+de|+ |ue +dct+d+ cste||c|aeate. l| |cc|ea+ es ue
|cs u+|+,cs tu|e|ca de +t|caes, ||ae|c + |cs cu|+s ||+ac|sc+acs ,
cste||c|aeate + |cs c||c||cs, u|eaes s tea +a | ct|c+s de eat+ de
|cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. -|uacs +c,+c+a |+ t|+a|t+c| a de t tu|cs de
t|e||+ + c+ac|c de| +c ea a+de|+. :| est+s |c|a+s de ||e+||d+d e|+a
++|+d+s c| e| lst+dc, |cs u+|+,cs se +|c|+c+a de es+s | ct|c+s
e\te|a+s +|uaeat+adc ue s| e|+a ||d+s +|+ e| +t| a c| u ac
+|+ |cs |ad ea+s ue e|+a |cs due cs de| te|||tc||c.
/: ):r.-|: - )r)/-4:4 4- aa - )a-4- :-a4-r )-r aa //-a-
a- )-4/r )-ro/ : |: :a/r/4:4- ; | o//: a /:o/|/:r-
)r -a/-ro-4:4 )r -/a4/ 4- | |// /a .:o|/ /r |
a-.-//:a )|:/: /: -a/- a a/-r- /r:|:/:r -a/a.- 4/.-a .o
| /-rr:/-a/-a/- :-a4-a /|-:|o-a/- )r a a a/r !|aa
o :/:// :)r:-.|:a |: 4-|/|/4:4 4- |: -a/- /a .aa|/:r :
a:4/- :-a4-a ; |a.:a /r: ):r.-|: a | a- -/ a :)r:-.|:a4
; |-a-/./ a4- (lat|e|st+, |/e/e,
-ctu+|aeate, |+ s|tu+c| a de |+ t|e||+ , |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es ea e|
uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c es c| dea s cca|e,+. la+ se||e de |+ctc|es
+ud|:+a e| cca||ctc, eat|e |cs ue se dest+c+ e| |+a cteac|+|
ecca a|cc de |+ 1tO, ue cueat+ cca |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es d|e|scs,
|c ue |+ce ue se+ +t|+ct|+ +|+ |+s a||+c|caes de cc|cacs. h+,
|ate|eses ecca a|ccs d|e|scs c| +due +|se de est+s t|e||+s ,
|ecu|scs.
-dea s, est+ s|tu+c| a cca||ct|+ se d+ c|ue e| l\k-, |ast|tuc| a
eac+|+d+ de s+ae+| |+s t|e||+s, |et|+s+ e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc:
+ea+s |+ |c|+dc t|tu|+| dcs c| cacs de |cs c|acc ue t|eae e| te
|||tc||c. l+ |es| a se| a+,c| s| ac se t|tu|+ e| te|||tc||c.
2.1.2. 1t hco de tiettas
l| t| |cc de t|e||+s se est cca||t|eadc ea ua+ | ct|c+ a+tu|+| , ea ua
acdc de |d+ +|+ +|uacs d|||eates , ccaua+||cs de |cs s|ad|c+tcs,
+ate |+ |+|t+ de ccat|c| de |+s +utc||d+des, a s + a s| est a +a+|+dcs
c| e| l\k- , |ucs de cde| |cc+|.
MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos 199
200 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
/- :; : .a/:r aa .: 4- aa :a:4-r a- - o-// : /):r/)
(r ||:a.; a a-./:4 4- /-rr-a - o-// -| :a:4-r ;
o-// : a :a:4 :/-./:a4 : .oaa:r/ )-r -/ /a- )ra-
|: :a/r/4:4- ; 4/r/-a/- |- 4/-ra )-ro/ /a .aa|/:r : |:
|:- )ra- |: |:- :|- a- -- /-rr-a - 4-| )a-|| (lat|e|st+,
1/e/e,
Ot|c cca||ctc es |+ eat+ de +|ce|+s c| +|te de d|||eates + t|+ s
de |+ ctc|+c| a de ce|t||c+c|caes ue, ea +|uacs c+scs, se scc|ec
aea + |cs | a|tes de |+s ccaua|d+des. lu|+ate e| |ccesc de s+ae+
a|eatc se |+a d+dc est+s |||eu|+||d+des.
/-a|/: a- |: /a/ a 4- /r- .oaa/4:4- ()r-4/ \/r-a 4- /.:;
/-a : |r-)/./ a .a aa )r-4/ ; o/-a/r: -|| /a/-a/:|:a
r-|:-r -| .a//./ )r | o-.:a/o |-:|- ; r:a/:://:
| 4/r/-a/- /ro:ra aa: o/aa/: 4- /r:a/-r-a./: : /::r 4-|
)r)/-/:r/ /r a4|- ):r/- 4- |: .oaa/4:4(lat|e|st+,
1]//e,.
l+ +|ce|+c| a |ad||du+| |ccc+ ue c+d+ e|sca+ se +t||cu,+ e| de
|ec|c de eade||+. la +|uacs c+scs +|uaeat+a ue |c |+cea c|
act|cs |+a|||+|es, cc+s| a ue es +|cec|+d+ c| +a+de|cs , a+
de|e|cs ue |es ++a |ec|cs c+,cs. lst+ eat+ es ||e+| c|ue e|
te|||tc||c es ua+ ccau|st+ ta|ccc| t|c+ de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s.
}u| d|c+aeate ac se |+ uede eade|, e|c se |c |+ce. h+, e|sca+s
ue eadea ua+ a|sa+ +|ce|+ + +||cs cca|+dc|es , estc cc+s|ca+
se||cs cca||ctcs ea e| te|||tc||c.
/a !.-a/ a 4- 6a:r:; :|aa /a4 -a: .o-a::ra : 4-
|:.-r- 4- a ):r.-|: /a| /r a:r:; a- -o)-::ra :-a
4-r a /-rr-a : |: -a/- a- :/-a- 4-| /a/-r/r ; 4-)a :a4:a
|a.:a4 4 a4- :.o4:r- ; -a/r:a :| |a- ):r: |:.-r 4-
/r: /| )r||-o: a- /-a-o :|r: 4- l:a:r .a !.-a/ a
- aa ra) r-4a./4 4- 4 /r- .a:/r )-ra: a- :a/- -r:a
4/r/-a/- ; :|r: -/ a |a.:a4 4 a4- 4-/r::r 4a4- )/r:/-:r
o:4-r: -a -/: :a: / a - :- : :a/- :|r: - -/ :/-a4
/4 -/ - )r /a/-r-- )-ra:|- a- /-a4r-o a- r-|:-r o-
4/:a/- |: .-a/r:| 4- |: O/\!6 ; /:o|/ a |: .-a/r:| 4- l:a:r
(lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
2.1.3. venta ilegal a ciudadanos exttan[etos
l+ ||cate|+ +| cc|+ |+ t|+s+s+dc e| te|||tc||c. hc, ea d + est |+
+dc de e\t|+a,e|cs: |uscs, aeaca|t+s, c|+s||e cs, cc|cac|+acs ue
|+a |dc cca|+adc t|e||+s , e\+ad|eadc |+ ||cate|+ +| cc|+ +|+
seac|+| sc,+. ls+s t|e||+s sca |cductc de |+ eat+ ||e+| c| +|te
de +|uacs u+|+,cs ,, scc|e tcdc, c| +|te de |c|et+||cs |:r:
ue cca|+a + |cs u+|+,cs + |ec|cs c+,cs , |cs eadea + e\t|+a,e|cs
+|+ |+ e\|ct+c| a +| cc|+, s|eadc ue e| te|||tc||c es a s |c|est+|
ue +| cc|+. lst+s +cc|caes ||e+|es se |+a d+dc + ccst+ de cc||ca
e| + |cs d|||eates.
l+ ||cate|+ +| cc|+ se scc|ecae + |+ 1tO, scc|e+s+ |+s ,u||sd|cc|caes
de |cs ccaua+||cs , |+s |e+s |cte|d+s, +aea+:+adc |+ ecc|c + de
|cs ccsues , |+ sucs|steac|+ de |cs cc|+dc|es. tcasecueateaeate,
se sec+a |cs .ar/.|/ de u+|+,cs, |cs .ar/.|/ a+tu|+|es, c|ue |cs
aeaca|t+s |uscs est a seac|+adc sc,+, , cca e| t|eac ac ued+| a
eces a| +a|a+|es +|+ esc+| , c+:+|, c|a+a |cs ccaua+||cs.
lc| s| |ue|+ ccc, e| uec|c u+|+,c t|eae ue ||c|+| ct|+ e|e+. l|
te||c t|+ade, uac de sus ||+|es s+|+dcs t|+d|c|ca+|es, t+ac| a est
s|eadc |eat+aeate desc,+dc. te||c t|+ade es ua acate de |ed|+
cca |+d+s |+c|+ e| ca|eate, dcade |cs u+|+,cs |dea e|a|sc + |+
d||a|d+d +|+ des+||c||+ |+ c+ce| + , |+ esc+:
//: r-: |: /4 /aaa4:4: )r .|o|/:a /:; |:/:a/- o:
4-r: ; -a |: ./o: -/ -| |: 4-| -rr 6r:a4- a- - aa-/r :a
/a:r/ /. : ). a -/ a )r/::a4 4- -/- |/-a ; ):r: o:|
)ra- aa :rr; ;: /a- 4-)r-4:4 )r -| .a|//: 4- :rr: //:
)-ra: a )r-)/-a/- /a )--r 4-r-.| )r)/-/:r/ ; )-r/-a-
.-a : aa: -./: 4- |: .a:r/: 4/o-a/ a a- :|-: -/:r .a/4:a4
-| .-rr /: |a.|: ):r-.- a- a a :: : 4-/:r /r:aa/| (/:
/r-a:, |/]/!],
2.1.+. ias conciliaciones, una venta ilegal a favot de
ptopietatios
l+s ccac|||+c|caes sca |cs +cue|dcs eat|e +|tes |cac|dcs c| e|
l\k- +|+ sc|uc|ca+| cca||ctcs de de|ec|cs scc|e |+ t|e||+, de scc|e
cs|c| a c de |c|ed+d. l| + c !1, ea e| uec|c u+|+,c se |e+||:
MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos 201
202 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
ua+ ccac|||+c| a +|+ de|a|| e| de|ec|c |c|et+||c. la e| +cue|dc
+ac+s +|tes tea +a ue cede|, e|c ac suced| +s . l| uec|c u+
|+,c |ue e| a s +|ect+dc, dec|dc + ue |uac|ca+||cs de| l\k- , e\ d|
||eates de |+ tOl\-t ac ccas|de|+|ca a|a a c||te||c t ca|cc ue
se +,uste + |+ |e,. l+ c|+a|:+c| a ctc| ua+ ce|t||c+c| a + |+c| de|
|c|et+||c ue +seu|+c+ e| cua||a|eatc de |+ |uac| a ecca a|cc
scc|+|
1+
(ll:,. lst+ ce|t||c+c| a se |eseat du|+ate |+ ccac|||+c| a
ccac |ast|uaeatc +|+ ccasc||d+| e| de|ec|c |c|et+||c , |e+||:+|
|cs +ctcs ||+udu|eatcs.
:e a |cs ccaua+||cs, est+ ccac|||+c| a |ue ua+ eat+ ||e+| de t|e||+s
ue ac |ue ccasu|t+d+ + |+s ccaua|d+des a| + |+s ceat|+|es |ad ea+s,
|+s ue se eate|+|ca de| |cc|ea+ c| |cs aed|cs de ccaua|c+c| a.
tuest|ca+|ca + sus d|||eates , |ec|+:+|ca sus +cc|caes, sc||c|t+adc
|c|a+|aeate + |+s |ast+ac|+s ccaeteates ue se +au|e |+ ccac|||+c| a.
lc |+aeat+c|e de| c+sc es ue +|uacs +sesc|es de |+s c|+a|:+c|caes
|ad ea+s t+ac| a estu|e|ca |ac|uc|+dcs, ccac |c a+a||est+a |+s
deauac|+s +ate |+s +utc||d+des.
/|-:ra : aa: .a./|/:./ a /-r a ): rr/-ra | :-r4-
.// /4 - .:|| ||-:ra : aa: |a-a: .a./|/:./ a -| o/o
|\/! /ro |: a|)r-/-./ar: /ro (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
- c+ac|c, |cs e\ d|||eates |ec|c|e|ca ua+ ccaeas+c| a ea d|ae|c
de +|te de |cs te|ce|cs. :e a e| |a|c|ae de |+ le|e+c| a l|es|
deac|+| -at|cc||uc| a de :+at+ t|u:
1]
e\|stea ++ c+scs de +cue|dcs
||+udu|eatcs de t|e||+s deat|c de |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs:
/: )r-/ a ) ||/.: |: |-.| )r/-/:r : | 4/r/-a/- )ra-
-|| )/-a:a a- - r-.r/: |: )r)/-4:4 : | :a:4-r :
| -o)r-:r/ ; |a- | a-./:a |:.-a .a./|/:./ a ):r:
a- |- /r:: : -|| ):r: a-./:r -- )-4:: /-r -- a-./
1+
La funcin econmico-social en materia agraria est establecida el artculo 169 de la
CPE, se refere al que las tierras deben ser trabajadas.
1]
La denuncia se la realizo ante la ofcina Anticorrupcin de Santa Cruz dirigida por Vania
Sandval quien investigo seriamente el caso y elabor un informe en el que comprueba
serias irregularidades en el proceso de saneamiento de la TCO guaraya.
203 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
/r:- .a//./ |:.- )-|-:r : | :a:4-r .a | :-./a .a
|: -a/- o/o: 4- |: .oaa/4:4 .a | 4/r/-a/- !|r: |
4/r/-a/- :./a:|- -/ a a/r/-a4 -: /ro: 4- :./a:r (lat|e|st+,
1!/e/e,
l+s c|+a|:+c|caes deauac|+|ca estcs |ec|cs, |d|eadc |+ +au|+c| a
de |cs +ctcs ||e+|es ++|+dcs c| e| l\k-. l+ deauac|+ ac tuc
|esu|t+dcs. lst+ ccac|||+c| a |+ cc+s|ca+dc ue:
|e+s ue tea +a ue |ecc|t+|se +| |c|et+||c c|ue ac cua
| +a |+ ll: +|+ se| dct+d+s + |+ 1tO se ccasc||d+|ca + |+c| de|
|c|et+||c.
\c se |eset |+ se||duac|e ecc| |c+, es dec|| ue |cs c+a|acs
, |+s |+ua+s se |+a ccasc||d+dc + |+c| de| |c|et+||c.
:e |+a ccasc||d+dc |ed|cs scc|euestcs + |+ kese|+ lc|est+|
de tu+|+,cs, s|eadc ue st+ es s |c cca+t|c|e cca |+ 1tO, cca
ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s , eue +s |c|ed+des.
!.-)/:ra -| r-.r/- 4- |: O 4- 4 o/||a- 4- |-./ r-: :
I| |-./ r-: //./-ra a-./:4 :| :a a- -\// : .a:|
a/-r .:a//4:4 4- //-rr: /.:| )-r 4-/:ra | .ar/.|/ -a -| )
| a I ; ` (lat|e|st+, 1/e/e,
2.1.5. Xvasallamiento de colonos (campesinos)
1+ac| a ea e| te|||tc||c |+, cca||ctcs cca |cs cc|cacs, ccac ||+a+a
|cs u+|+,cs + |cs c+aes|acs a||+ates c c+aes|acs s|a t|e||+ ue
se est a des|+:+adc de :+a }u|| a c, ea ct|cs c+scs, de| Occ|deate.
lec|dc + |+ |cc|ea t|c+ +|+||+, ea |+s t|e||+s c+,+s , au, +|t|cu|+|
aeate ea tu+|+,cs, |+, ua+ |ue|te est|a+t|:+c| a ea ccat|+ de |cs
cc||+s, + u|eaes |escas+c|||:+a de |+ de|c|est+c| a de| ccsue , de|
++s+||+a|eatc + |+s t|e||+s. :e |+a |ec|c +||+s +cc|caes ea ccc|d|a+
c| a cca +utc||d+des e |ast|tuc|caes |cc+|es ea de|eas+ de |+ t|e||+.
!|r: /-a-o ::::||:4r- .a | .||: - 4// ./| ||-:ra :
-a/-a4-r .o )a-|| .ra.- o oa; |/4:r/ oa; ):/:
|: -a/- oa.| a :|a: /-r 4-a/r 4-| ||: |:; .||: a- a
|a-a ; .||: a- a o:| / |/ : | )-ro//- a- ||-a-o
: -a/-a4-ra .o |a-a ||/:/:a (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
204 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
_a-r-o a- a r-)-/-a )-r /:o|/ a |: -a/- : :-.- 4- )r
:|| :/-a- :-a4/-a4 a //-rr: ; a/-r-a :-a/r ):r: )4-r ::::||:r
)ra- a/r | a:r:; o -a/- |ao/|4- )-r .a:a4
a :.:a 4- aa-/r: .:/||: o .o 4-./o a-rr-r
(lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
2.2. Conictos pot la madeta
2.2.1. Concesiones fotestales
l+s ccaces|caes |c|est+|es ctc|+a e| de|ec|c e\c|us|c de +|ce
c|+a|eatc, t+atc de |cs |cductcs a+de|+c|es ccac ac a+de|+c|es,
s|ea|e , cu+adc est a |ac|u|dcs ea e| |+a de a+ae,c.
/:; .a//./ .a |: .a.-/a- /r-/:|- a- :)r:-.|:a |
r-.ar /a-r: 4- a .a.-/ a -a/r:a : r-: a- a 4- |: O
6a:r:; |:a |:|/4 a-/: : |: a)-r/a/-a4-a./: /r-/:| /a
-o|:r a - |/: a:4: (lat|e|st+, 1/e/e,
la |+ e\|ct+c| a de |+ a+de|e|+, |cs ccaces|ca+||cs |+cea usc de
tecac|c + aec+a|:+d+, t|+ctc|es, c+a|caes, actcs|e||+s, , ccast|u
,ea c+a|acs c sead+s. 1cdc estc d+ ccac |esu|t+dc |+ ccast+ate d|s
a|auc| a de +a|a+|es ea e| ccsue, |ca| adcse e|||cs+aeate e|
eu|||c||c ecc| |cc.
la e| aes de a+,c de !e, ua+ cca|s| a de| l\k- , |+ l||ecc| a
\+c|ca+| de 1|e||+s tcaua|t+||+s de O||ea |e+||: ua+ |asecc| a +
t|es ccaces|caes |c|est+|es, l+ }c,+, M+|+cc| , e|a+, uc|c+d+s ea |+
:ca+ de tu+|+,cs, d|st+ate + ||| aet|cs de |+ |cc+||d+d de \ct+ .
tca|cc+|ca |+ t+|+ |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de |cc|es. -s|a|sac, se ccast+
t ue +dea s de tuac+| |cc|es de ccc |csc| , uea+||cs s|a |e
cae| |+s sea|||+s, leat+ l+,u est+| + ead|eadc |+s t|e||+s ||+cc|ca+
d+s ea eue +s +|ce|+s, |c cu+| es tct+|aeate ||e+|. lcs |ad ea+s
, c+aes|acs ac t|eaea cc| a + +seat+|se uacs d +s ea es+s t|e||+s
c|ue de |aaed|+tc e| ccaces|ca+||c |cs des+|c,+ , uea+ sus |e
c+||+s ||ead+s. l+ cca|s| a +auac| ue ccas|de|+ |+ cs|c|||d+d de
ea,u|c|+| + l+,u c| +teat+| ccat|+ |+ |ate||d+d | s|c+ de aeac|es de
ed+d + u|eaes ut|||:+ ccac u+|d|+aes de |+s t|e||+s (/| \a-: | :
~//e,.
205 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
2.2.2. venta de madeta
-ates, e| uec|c u+|+,c | + de| +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs
|c|est+|es dest|a+dcs +| ccasuac |+a|||+|, es dec||, + |+ ccast|ucc| a
de c+s+s , c+ac+s , + |+ e|+cc|+c| a de +|tes+a +s. lesde ue e| lst+dc
++| e| |a|esc de ea|es+s a+de|e|+s +| te|||tc||c, |cs u+|+,cs |+a
su|||dc ua+ se||e de |a+ctcs +ac|eat+|es , scc|ccu|tu|+|es ue |+a
cc+s|ca+dc ue auc|cs se ded|uea + |+ +ct||d+d ||e+| de ||+tec
de a+de|+ c eat+ + |ec|cs c+,cs, |ccc+adc |+ |d|d+ de +|c|es
, e| ||+cc|ca+a|eatc de |+ c|+a|:+c| a.
!a/- a - .a. : -/ 4- :.:r o:4-r: )ra- aa :/: : 4- a
.|:. 4- :.:r a )r4a./ ):r: o:a/-a-r : a /:o/|/:r- !a/-
a - .a. : -/ 4- a-./:r |: o:4-r: ; :|r: oa.| |: -a/-
;: a a/-r- /r:|:/:r -a a .|:. :|r: :/-a- /r: )-ra: ):r:
-a- :r . o ::a : :-a4-r a o:4-r: ):r: a- /-a:a )|:/: !|
r: |: -a/- - 4-4/.: : |:.-r a )|:a 4- o:a-/ |:/: o/ ):r/-a/-
-/ a a-./:a4 a o:4-r: ; - - ):r: o aa ). /r//- (la
t|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
2.2.3. ixplotaci n ilegal de madeta en la kesetva
l+ e\|ct+c| a ||e+| t+ac| a +|ect+ e| |e+ de |ese|+ ue es |a+d|d+
c| cc|cacs, ||+te|cs , |cs a|sacs ea|es+||cs |c|est+|es ue ++ +a
est+ +ct||d+d. lstcs |ec|cs |+a s|dc deauac|+dcs c||c+aeate,
e|c au, ccc se |+ |ec|c +|+ deteae| estcs +ctcs ||e+|es.
2.2.+. Sobteposici n de teas de mane[o fotestal
la |+s ccaua|d+des se est a |a|eaeat+adc |+aes de a+ae,c |c
|est+| scstea|c|e ea |cs a+|ccs de |+ |e,, cca e| |a de +c,+| + |+
ccasc||d+c| a te|||tc||+| , eae|+| |a|escs +|+ |+s ccaua|d+des. -
eces |+, cca||ctcs |ate|acs c| |cs a+|cs a+ae,cs ecca a|ccs de
|cs d|||eates ue eae|+a descca|+a:+ ea |+ ccaua|d+d. la dccu
aeatc de tl-ll: d|ce |c s|u|eate: |- o4 a- |: a-.-/4:4-
-o-r-a/- 4- |: )|r-:: :4-o 4- |: /a-\)-r/-a./: 4-| o:a-/
:4o/a//r://: ; .a/:||- - : :4-a : |: /r: .:a: )r:.:a
4 aa: -// a .:r:./-r/:: )r |: /a-/./-a./: ; |: o:|:-r:./ a
)-r |r- /4 )r |: /o)aa/4:4 (tl-ll:, !+: ),.
206 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
/:a |:|/4 aa .a//./ )r aa: o:|: /.:|/::./ a !|aa:
)-ra: |:a a-r/4 ::rr:r | )|:a- 4- o:a-/ |:.-r .oa
a/4:4- ; a-r-r a-./:r|: !|aa o:| 4/r/-a/- a- - |:a
4-/:4 ||-::r )r | r-.ar -.a o/. )-r ;: :|r: .a -/:
aa-:: 4/r-.//:: - -/ /r:/:a4 4- .r/:r /4: |: /rr-a|:r/4:
4- (lat|e|st+, 1|//e,
lcs |ec|cs |ee|cut|e|ca ea e| a|e| c| a|cc c|e+adc d||s| a e |a
ua|d+d c|ue ac se udc |+ce| a+d+ ea ccat|+ de |cs |a||+ctc|es.
Ot|c cca||ctc sca |cs te|ce|cs ue |+a ++s+||+dc e| te|||tc||c , se
|+a scc|euestc + |+s |e+s de a+ae,c |c|est+| ccaua+|, |cductc
de |+ eat+ ||e+| de t|e||+s. -|uacs |+a +du|||dc t|e||+s de e|sc
a+s |aesc|uu|cs+s , s|a teae| ccacc|a|eatc de |+s |e+s de| es+c|c
te|||tc||+|.
2.2.5. uesmontes
tcac ccasecueac|+ de |+ eat+ ||e+| de t|e||+s, |+ e\|ct+c| a a+de
|e|+ , |cs ++s+||+a|eatcs, ea e| te|||tc||c se est a |cduc|eadc des
acates de |+ades |cc|c|caes. lstcs desacates +|ect+a + cc|tc ,
|+|c |+:c |+ c|cd|e|s|d+d, |cs |ecu|scs |+ua st|ccs , |c| st|ccs de
|+ |e| a. lese + ue |+ le, lc|est+| s+ac|ca+ |cs desacates ||e+|es,
ea |cs |ec|cs |cs ea|es+||cs +|c|adust||+|es , |cs +a+de|cs |+cea
|aaeascs desacates , c|+uecs. :ca deauac|+dcs + |+s +utc||d+des
ccaeteates, s|a eac+|c, au, ccc se uede |+ce| c|ue ea au
c|cs c+scs ++a |+ au|t+ , e| |ec|c ued+ |auae.
2.2.6. Xcceso y uso de teas de caza y pesca
l+ eat+ de t|e||+s t|eae ccac ccasecueac|+ ue |+s |e+s ue se| +a
+|+ |+ c+:+ , |+ esc+ +|c|+ sca de usc |est||a|dc, c|ue sca de
|c|ed+d de te|ce|cs ue ac e|a|tea e| |a|esc de |cs ccaua+||cs.
lcs te|ce|cs |cs +cus+a de ccat+a|a+| |+s +u+s cca e| c+|c+scc, ua+
|es|a+ ue se ut|||:+ +|+ |+ esc+, ue +|ect+ + su +a+dc.
/ /-r.-r a :/r)-||:a /a a- a | o/o 4/r/-a/-
/ /-r.-r - 4/r/-a : | 4/r/-a/- ; .a aa: o/-r/: a- |-
-a/r-:a .-r///.:a a- aa /-r.-r ::rr- //-rr: |:|4 : / -|
/-r.-r :|:o|r: a //-rr: ; 4-a/r -/ a |:aa: :a/o:|- ;: a
207 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
)-ro//- a/ : |: )-.: )a/-a4 a |-/r-r /r|/|/4 -a/r:r - -
-| )r||-o: .a -| /-r.-r (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
|eaea|dc /+cu Mcc|c|+|ac|| +ate |+ le|e+c| a l|es|deac|+| -at|
cc||uc| a de :+at+ t|u: deauac| e| c+sc de l+ua+ tc|+: a. |+a
cc M+||a|c|c, |c|et+||c de l+ua+ tc|+: a, usc ua+ +|+ac|+d+ +
|+ t|e||+, |c||c|eadc e| +sc , e| ||c|e t|+as|tc, ese + ue es+ |e+ es
||st ||c+aeate de| uec|c u+|+,c , ea e||+ este uec|c c+:+ , esc+
+|+ e| susteatc de sus |+a|||+s. l| + c 1)), M+||a|c|c susc||c| ua
+ct+ ea |+ ue se cca|caet + + ac +|+ac|+| , + ccast|u|| ua +ccesc +
|+ |+ua+ +|+ usc de |cs u+|+,cs. la ccat|++|te, |cs cc|+dc|es se
cc||+c+a +| cu|d+dc, |ese|+c| a , eu|||c||c ecc| |cc de |+ |ueate
de +u+. -dea s, |+ kesc|uc| a Mua|c|+| \ 1+/) de + de set|ea
c|e de 1)) de |+ -|c+|d + de -sceas| a, dec|+|+ |+ l+ua+ tc|+: a
l+t||aca|c Mua|c|+|, cca e| cc,etc de e|+| c| su |ctecc| a , cca
se|+c| a. l+ kesc|uc| a d|scae ue ua ||| aet|c de c||cua|e|eac|+
+||ededc| de |+ |+ua+ dece se| ut|||:+dc +|+ |cacc| a tu| st|c+.
la dec|+|+c|caes + |+ |eas+, M+||a|c|c ae t+| s|tu+c| a , scstuc
ue +|+ac| su |c|ed+d +|+ ue ac |e |ccea sus +a|a+|es , ct|cs
c|eaes (/| |-|-r, e de a+|:c de !],.
l+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+| ea |+ kesc|uc| a -da|a|st|+t|+ 1|+/!+
+cus+ +| |c|et+||c de desacate ||e+| de 1e |ect |e+s s|a +utc||:+
c| a, |c ue act| ua+ s+ac| a ecca a|c+ de s. |.. l+s deaua
c|+s scc|e este c+sc ea +|t|cu|+| , scc|e |+ s|tu+c| a de |+ dea+ad+
te|||tc||+| ea tu+|+,cs ||e+|ca |+st+ e| le|easc| de| luec|c, \+|dc
-|c+||+c a.
1+ac| a se deauac|+ ue |+, cca||ctcs c| |+ c+:+ |ad|sc||a|a+d+ de
|++|tcs , c+|a+aes ea e| te|||tc||c, c| e| +|c| ue t|eaea |cs cue|cs
de estcs +a|a+|es ea e| ae|c+dc:
:::a |::r/ ; :.:a -| .a-r // )r|/|/4 - /| : )::4
.:::|:a oa.| .:::|:a o/|- ; o/|- 4- |::r/ .:/o:a- 4-
./a. o-/r 4- -/ o-/r 4- /-/- o-/r .:::|:a ; |a| aa
: /:o|/ a a- .:::|:a :/ 4- oa/- .a /r:o): /-r :|r:
-/ )r|/|/4 (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
Ot|c |cc|ea+ ue +c+||e+ |+ e\|ct+c| a |c|est+| es ue |+s ea|es+s
c+:+a +|+ +||aeat+| + sus t|+c+,+dc|es:
208 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
/| )r||-o: o r:a4- ):r: a- | :a/o:|- 4-:):r-:.:a -
a- a |: |:|/4 aa .a/r| )r ):r/- 4-| 6|/-raha.|: -o)r-
: o:4-r-r: .:::|:a ):r: .o-r ):r: ||-::r 4- .o-r : a -a
/- |: .:ra- 4-| oa/- / : a- .:4: : - /|:a 4-/ra;-a4 |
:a/o:|- |:; ). :a/o:|- -a -| oa/- - - -| r:a )r||-o:
/-r :|r: ;: - -/ .a/r|:a4 :|r: ;: - .a | o//- -/ -
.a/r|: o-4/:a/- |: O| ; o-4/:a/- |: !|.:|4 : ; |: a|:|.:|4 :
/:a/ |: .::: .o |: )-.: (lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
l| ccat|c| de |+ c+:+ , |+ esc+ |c |e+||:+ |+ la|d+d de Med|c -ac|eate
de| tcc|e|ac Mua|c|+|. le|c ac e\|ste ua +decu+dc ccat|c|, ese
c|+|aeate |eeat|c, c| |+ |+|t+ de |ecu|scs ecca a|ccs , eu|cs,
|c ue ac e|a|te |+ce| cua||| |+ ac|a+t||d+d +|+ |+ e\|ct+c| a
, ed+ (llM, !e,.
3. CXkXC1ik S1iCXS ui iuS XC1ukiS uii CuNiiiC1u
3.1. CurNX6 y centtales
l+ tOl\-t es |+ c|+a|:+c| a a+t||: ue dece e|+| c| |cs |ate|eses
de su uec|c, s|a eac+|c sucede tcdc |c ccat|+||c. lst+ c|+a|:+c| a
es cuest|ca+d+ c| |+s c+ses , c| |cs +ctc|es de |cs cca||ctcs c| e|
+ccesc + |+ t|e||+ , |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es: se de,+|ca cca|+| c|
|cs ea|es+||cs, a+a|u|+| c| |+s +utc||d+des , t|+|c+|ca |+s t|e||+s,
de,+adc de |+dc |cs |ate|eses de| te|||tc||c. tu+adc |cs ccaua+||cs
|ateat+|ca de,+| s|a e|ectc sus a+|+s +ctu+c|caes, ac ud|e|ca c|ue
|cs d|||eates est+c+a ++d||a+dcs c| |cs ea|es+||cs , +utc||d+des
de |+ |c|ac|+. la |u+| de e|+| c| |cs de|ec|cs de| uec|c u+|+,c,
se ded|c+|ca + e|+cc|+| ce|t||c+c|caes +|+ ++|+| + |cs +a+de|cs , +
|cs |cductc|es:
/ :a/-r/r- 4/r/-a/- a a)/-ra o:a-/:r a /a:/-ra |: .:
):./4:4 4- /r:|:/:r o:a-/:r -: /a///a./ a )r - - 4-/:ra
o:a/)a|:r .a ::r/ -o)r-:r/ o - 4-4/.:|:a : |:.-r .-r
///.:./a- : | r:a4- :a:4-r : | r:a4- -o)r-:r/
)r4a./r- -a :-: 4- |a.:r )r;-./ ):r: a )r)/: -a/- a-
o /a4 -a: - 4:a .-r///.:./a- 4- //-rr: -a r:a4- -\/-a
/a- - - | |:o-a/:||- a- |: )::4 .a aa-/r 4/r/-a/-
; -)-r a- -a -/: -// a ` ):r: :4-|:a/- a |:;: o -:
.-r///.:./a- (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
209 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
la eae|+|, |+ +|ec|+c| a de |cs ccaua+||cs scc|e sus d|||eates es
de |e|cc|e , de |d|d+ de |e|t|a|d+d , cca|+a:+, |c ue eae
|+ |acce|a+c|||d+d, ue se |e|e,+ ea |+ dec|||d+d c|+a|:+t|+ c ea
|cs ccast+ates |ateatcs de tca+ de |+ teat|+|. -|uacs d|||eates sca
++d||a+dcs c| +|t|dcs c| t|ccs c +utc||d+des |cc+|es. Ot|cs +c
tc|es |cc+|es, s|a eac+|c, ,ust||c+a |+ +ctu+c| a de |cs d|||eates,
ccac e| l|es|deate de| tca|t t |cc de -sceas| a:
/:o-a/ 4-./r|- a- -| -./r -.a o/. ||/: : aa-/r 4/r/-a
/- : o:a/)a|:r : |:/4:r- 4- a )r)/ r-o/ (/a4 -a:; /a
/4: |: O |:; oa.|: .-r///.:./a- : |: -o)r-: )r/::4:
(lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
3.2. 6anadetos
lcs +a+de|cs |cea|eates de :+at+ t|u: , e| ea| ccu+|ca |+s t|e
||+s ue est+c+a + c+|c de |+s M|s|caes ||+ac|sc+a+s. :ca |c|et+||cs
c cseedc|es +|t|cu|+|es de ua |ed|c uc|c+dc deat|c de| |e+ de
s+ae+a|eatc de| te|||tc||c dea+ad+dc, e|c ac sca +|te de| uec|c
|ad ea+ u c|||a+||c dea+ad+ate. lcseea t|e||+s c+t+|c+d+s ccac
aed|+a+s , |+ades |c|ed+des, , t|eaea cde| c| t|cc , ecca a|
cc , est a +|t|cu|+dcs + |cs es+c|cs |cc+|es.
lcs +a+de|cs se cus|e|ca +| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc , t|tu|+c| a de
|+ 1tO, +c,+dcs c| |+ lede|+c| a de t+a+de|cs de :+at+ t|u: (ll
t-:-tkl/, , |+ t a+|+ -|cecu+||+ de| O||eate (t-O,, +|uaea
t+adc ue es auc|+ t|e||+ +|+ |cs |ad ea+s. - aed|d+ ue ++a:+c+
e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc , t|tu|+c| a, |e+||:+|ca d||e|eates +cc|caes
cca e| |a de ccasc||d+| sus t|e||+s, ea este |ateatc |ac|usc +c,+|ca
+ |c|et+||cs ||e+|es ue ac cua| +a |+ |uac| a ecca a|ccscc|+|
de |+ t|e||+. lst+s +cc|caes |ue|ca +cca+ +d+s de aec+a|sacs de
|es| a, +aea+:+s, usc de |+ |c|eac|+ , cca|+ de d|||eates.
lcs ccaua+||cs se +|+a ue ea est+ :ca+ ac |+, +a+s +|+ +s
t|:+|es. le|c ||e+a |cs +a+de|cs, cca|+a t|e||+s , cca|ea:+a +
c|+ue+| , + |+ce| ct|e|cs, dest|u,eadc e| ccsue. :|a eac+|c,
+|uacs ccaua+||cs a+a||est+a ue |+s |e|+c|caes cca |cs +a+de|cs
est+c|ec|dcs |e+|aeate |+ce t|eac , ue t|+c+,+a |+ t|e||+ sca cue
a+s, |ac|usc +c,+a +| uec|c d adc|e +c|tes ea d|ae|c , esec|es
210 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
+|+ |+ ce|ec|+c| a de |+s |est+s. lc| t+atc, est a d|suestcs + |ese
t+| sus de|ec|cs, e|c ac +s + |cs ||e+|es, + |cs ue ac t|eae +e|es
ea c|dea , ac t|+c+,+a |+ t|e||+:
/ :a:4-r r:a4- a- a |-:|- ::a : -r :);:4 ; |
a- a /|-:|- )a- a /|-:|- ; a/r a )4-o |:.-r
a:4: )r -|| (lat|e|st+, !/]/e,
-ac+s +|tes est a |eccu+d+s c|ue |cs cca||ctcs t|eadea + +u
d|:+|se. lse|+a ue ac se ||eue + ua ea||eat+a|eatc c| |+ t|e||+ ,
ue |+s +utc||d+des +ct ea de |c|a+ cc|e|eate , |e+|.
3.3. imptesatios fotestales
lcs ea|es+||cs a+de|e|cs se |+a +d,ud|c+dc ccaces|caes |c|est+|es
+|+ su +|cec|+a|eatc ccae|c|+|. lst a +a+|+dcs c| |+ t a+|+
lc|est+|, ue |+ s+||dc ea su de|eas+ +|e+adc ue este sectc| t|eae
cc||+c|caes e|c t+ac| a de|ec|cs, uac de escs de|ec|cs es + |es
u+|d+| sus ccaces|caes de +seat+a|eatc ||e+|es , de e|sca+s ue
|ateat+a +|cec|+| |cs |ecu|scs:
/ o:4-r-r a/-r-a |:.-ra )r||-o: )ra- 4/.-a a- -|
a:r:; a //-a- 4-r-.| 4- :-a4-r a/ aa ):| \/r )::o
/o)a-/ :| |/-ra a/r /-a-o o 4-r-.| a- a/-4-
/a/a.- -| a:r:; - |ao/||: )ra- |: :-r4:4 -|| 4/.-a a-
a -/:o )::a4 /o)a-/ //-4 a )a-4- /r ; :-a4-r aa:
o:4-r: )ra- / :-a4- |: o:4-r: 4- o/ .a.-/ a |- )a-4 |:.-r
)r||-o: ; o-/-r : |: . r.-| (lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
3.+. Colonos
lcs cc|cacs sca a||+ates ue |+a ccu+dc t|e||+s, ea +|uacs c+scs
c| c| t|c+s de cc|ca|:+c| a d||||d+s desde e| tcc|e|ac , ea ct|cs
escat ae+aeate. lcs u+|+,cs t+ac| a se |e|e|ea + |cs c+aes|acs
ccac cc|cacs.
3.5. Campesinos
:e ||+a+ c+aes|acs + |cs a||+ates |ad ea+s +,a+|+s , uec|u+s
ue ua+ e: +seat+dcs +du|e|ea ua+ +|ce|+ |ad||du+|. 1+ac| a |+,
c+aes|acs s|a t|e||+ c cca |asu|c|eate t|e||+. lcs c+aes|acs est a
211 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
t|+a|t+adc sus t|e||+s de |c|a+ |ad||du+| c| +|ce|+s ea ua+ | |c+
d||||d+ +| ae|c+dc, |c ue ac ccacue|d+ cca |+ |s| a |ad ea+ cc|ec
t|+ de| te|||tc||c , de usc scstea|c|e de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es:
a | .:o)-/a |: r-|:./ a - |a-a: )-r |:; oa.|: -a/-
a- a | -a//-a4- )ra- 4/.-a a- a a//:a aa-/r: //-rr:
| .:o)-/a a /a:| a- a/r a a | a- -a/r:a : aa-
/r: O :|aa .:o)-/a //-a-a )|:/: (lat|e|st+, 1/e/e,
tcac se +|+acs, e| uec|c u+|+,c e + |cs c+aes|acs s|a t|e||+
ccac eaea|cs, ccac ++s+||+dc|es de su te|||tc||c, ccac |a+sc|es
ue caea ea e|||c |+ 1tO, ccac |cs ue |c|+a tcd+ ac|a+ de
ccase|+c| a de| ccsue. lc| t+atc, est a d|suestcs + +||+|se cca
ct|cs +ctc|es +|+ |+ce||es ||eate , de|eade| |+s t|e||+s de| uec|c
u+|+,c. kesu|t+ |eccu+ate ue |cs cca||ctcs c| |+ t|e||+ cca es
tcs +ctc|es , e| |ec|+:c d|sc||a|a+dc| +| cc||+ ++s+||+dc|, + eces
+|eat+dcs c| |+s +utc||d+des, est a ||e+adc + |+ |c|eac|+ | s|c+.
/: O ):r: o - aa: 4-o:a4: /a/: 4- | /a4 -a: 4- -/
:a: o- ):r-.- | o: :/:||- .a/:r .a aa 4-/-ro/a:4 /-rr//
r/ .o /-o)r- .a/:ra | a:r:; !a/-r/ro-a/- - a |
|//r/:4r- ||:o:|:a |: r:a \:./ a 6a:r:;: : -/: //-rr:
/-r |; -a 4 : |: O - :- :o-a:::4: )r | ::::||:4r- 4-
//-rr: (h; a- -/ a a-r/-a4 .-r.-a:r -| /-rr//r/ a:r:;
)-r a - | :: : )-ro///r )ra- .o a:r:; -/:o |/-a /r
///.:4 aa/4 )ra- - //-a- a- )-r)-/a:r -| /-rr//r/ a:r:
; ; o/-a/r: -\//: |: r::: a:r:;: -| /-rr//r/ //-a- a- -\///r
(lat|e|st+, 1|//e,
3.6. ritatetos
:ca e|sca+s ue |ea de |+ t+|+ , eat+ ||e+| de a+de|+, ++d||a+
dcs c| |cs ea|es+||cs + u|eaes, |ec|s+aeate, eadea |+ a+de|+.
luedea se| |ad ea+s c ac |ad ea+s ue |eaea de ct|cs de+|t+
aeatcs c de |+ c|ud+d de :+at+ t|u:.
3.7. il istado
l+ |ate|eac| a de| lst+dc es au, d c||, ac |+, a+d+ |+a||c+dc c
+|te|a+t|+s +|+ e|t+| c |esc|e| |cs cca||ctcs. l| lst+dc ese|+ +|+
|ate|ea|| ue se |cdu:c+a |cs cca||ctcs, ue |+s c|+a|:+c|caes sc
212 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
c|+|es |es|caea , ue |cs |ec|cs ||euea auc|+s eces + |+ |c|eac|+.
ls dec||, su |ate|eac| a es t+|d +, ccac e| ccace|c ue +++ |a
cead|cs , ac se ea sc|uc|caes + |+|c |+:c.
3.8. ia actuaci n del iNkX
l| l\k- es |+ |ast|tuc| a eac+|+d+ de| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc , t|tu
|+c| a de |+s t|e||+s. lue cuest|ca+dc c| su +ctu+c| a ea |+ 1tO de|
uec|c u+|+,c, t+atc c| |cs ccaua+||cs ccac c| |cs +a+de|cs ,
ct|+s |ast+ac|+s, ccac e| le|easc| de| luec|c , |+ le|e+c| a l|es|
deac|+| -at|cc||uc| a. l| l\k- de+|t+aeat+| |+ est+dc a+ae,+dc
c| t|c+aeate, ||+dc + |cs |ucs de cde|:
/| |\/! |: /4 aa: -/:/: ):r: |: r:a/::./ a |: -a/r:4 :
-a/r :);:a4 : | /-r.-r ; ). a -/ :);:a4 : a/r
| /a4 -a: l .:|//. .a aa | a/ - |- )a : |: r:a/
::./ a 4-| |\/! )ra- |: /4 aa: r:a -/:/: .a |: O (la
t|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
l+ le|e+c| a l|es|deac|+| -at|cc||uc| a, ea su |a|c|ae scc|e |+s
|||eu|+||d+des ea |ccesc, a+a||est+: /:|/: 4- /r:a):r-a./: 4-
)a||/./4:4 ; 4- .-|-r/4:4 -a -| )r.- 4- :a-:o/-a/ /a.ao)|/
o/-a/ 4- | )r.-4/o/-a/ -/:||-./4 )r |-; |r-)/./a-
4- )r-4/ 4- /-r.-r -a |: r--r:: /r-/:| 4- 6a:r:; )-/a-
/|-:|- 4- /-r.-r 4-a/r 4- |: O 6a:r:; r-.-)./ a -\/-o)
r a-: 4- 4.ao-a/ )r--a/:4 )r /-r.-r ; :4o// a 4- )r-
4/ .a ): :a//./):4 a- .a/r::/-a-a |: aro: /-)-./
4- -/: /a/r:../a- /:o). r-)a4/ -| )r-/4-a/- 4-| |\/!.
(la|c|ae: !]: 1],
t+s| tcdcs |cs eat|e|st+dcs cc|ac|dea ea se +|+| ue e| l\k- +ctu
+|c|+||: adcse +c|e|t+aeate + |+c| de |cs te|ce|cs, ae+adc |a|c|
a+c| a + |+s c|+a|:+c|caes, |a|d|eadc ue e,e|:+a ccat|c| scc|+|
du|+ate |+s e||c|+s de c+ac , cu|cc|+t|:+adc sus +cc|caes. l+ ae||
eac|+ de +|uacs |uac|ca+||cs ||:c ue e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc
se |et|+ce, est a cca|caet|dcs ea +ctcs de |c|+c| a de |+ ac|a+ ,
++|+|ca ccac|||+c|caes ||+udu|eat+s eat|e +a+de|cs , e\ d|||eates:
/ aa .:/ a 4- .rra)./ a /|| |a.:a :.:r )|:a /a4/:/4a:|-
):r: | a- //-a-a )|:/: : | -o)r-:r/ )r/::4 |- /r-.-a
)|:a a- :-a4-a /-o /-a/4 aa: /a:-//:./ a | |-o )/
213 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
||:4 .:/ .a aa 4/-: )|:a a- .o)r:ra : | 4 |:r- /
:a/-r/r- -o)|-:4 4-| |\/! -r:a aa .:/ a 4- .rra)./ a ; a -
)///: )ra- 4- :| - a- a:.-a /4 | ::::||:o/-a/ -a
/r-a/:o/-a/ -a/r- :a:4-r .:o)-/a -a :-: 4- |a./a:r
|a.:a )r||-o: (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
l+ -scc|+c| a de t+a+de|cs de -sceac| a cc|ac|de ea se +|+| ue
e| l\k- a+a|cc|+, +uaue es a s cea c|+ ea sus +|ec|+c|caes. :u
l|es|deate d|ce: :e +|c|+||:+, , esc ac es cueac. -ate |+s +cus+c|c
aes, e| l||ectc| de| l\k- d|ce: \c se t|+t+ de t| |cc de t|e||+s, s|ac
de ac|a|eatcs escat aecs de |cs ue |cduce e| |c|c c+|t+|, ,+
ue |+ ||cate|+ +| cc|+ se |+ e\tead|dc |+c|+ tu+|+,cs, c| |c ue |+
eate |ccede + c||ece| , +a+| sus +|ce|+s (/| |-|-r, /)/!+,.
3.9. Supetintendencia iotestal
l+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+| es e| eate |eu|+dc| ue se eac+|+ de
ccat|c|+| e| cuea usc , a+ae,c de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. :|a eac+|
c, |cs +seat+a|eatcs ||e+|es ea e| |e+ dea+ad+d+ +s ccac ea |+
|ese|+ |+a cc+s|ca+dc ua +|cec|+a|eatc ||e+|, ue |+ :ue||a
teadeac|+ ac |+ cd|dc ||ea+| c| d||cu|t+des ea |+ |a|eaeat+c| a
de |cs aec+a|sacs de ccat|c|. lae|c, |+ ua|d+d |cc+| de est+ eat|
d+d es |eccacc|d+ c| |cs |ad ea+s u+|+,cs, , + e||+ +cudea +|+ t|+
a|t+| |cs |+aes de a+ae,c |c|est+| ccaua+| , + deauac|+| |+s eat+s
||e+|es.
3.10. uefensot del rueblo
-|uacs d|||eates |+a +cud|dc +| le|easc| de| luec|c +|+ deaua
c|+| |+ s|tu+c| a de |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs , |+a |ec|c|dc c|e|tc +c,c. -ua
ue |+ a+,c| +|te de |cs ccaua+||cs ac ccacce e| +cc|ca+| de est+
|ast|tuc| a:
/a |: )r:/a./: a .a.-o oa; |/-a :| |-/-ar 4-| /a-|| )r
| /:a/ a )4-o .:|//.:r . o -/ :./a:a4 r- a- -/ 4-
:4ra a- a //-a- /a-r:: ):r: )4-r |a./a:r :a//./):r aa:
-/r:/-/: 4- |a./ a(lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
lcs +a+de|cs, ea c+ac|c, ea ue e| le|easc| de| luec|c est
+|c|+||:+dc cca |+s c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s, cca |cs cc|cacs ue
++s+||+a , ue |+ |ast|tuc| a ac ccacce |+ |cc|ea t|c+ de |+ |e| a:
214 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
/ :- o-4/ ):r./:|/::4 :| |-/-ar 4-| /a-|| a - r-:|/::
aa: :// a |a-a: 4-| )r||-o: /: -a/- 4- :a | r//a:r/
//-a-a a 4-r-.| a- //-a- a- -r r-)-/:4 \ -/:o ;-a4
a/r :| /a/-r/r : .r-:r )r||-o: -/ a :/a/-a4 : .r-:r
)r||-o: (lat|e|st+,
3.11. ia iglesia
l+ ||es|+ es ccas|de|+d+ +|te de| uec|c u+|+,c, es |eset+d+ c|
ue t|+c+,+ ce|c+ +| t+c||dc, e|c ac |ate||eae ea |cs cca||ctcs.
3.12. Comit C vico
l| tca|t t |cc |e|eseat+ |cs |ate|eses de |+ |e| a , est +|t|cu|+dc
+ |cs |ucs de cde|. :e |+ a+a||est+dc +ate |cs cca||ctcs de t|e||+s
ccac aed|+dc|:
/| o// :/. - aa: /a///a./ a o-4/:4r: - )r - a- 4-
4- o/ .:|/4:4 4- )r-/4-a/- 4-| o// :/. o- )r-.a): .a:a4
a |:; -a/-a4/o/-a/ -a/r- | )a-|| .o /ra|/.| !.-a/ a
l a |:.- -| o// :/. |a.: a- |:;: -- -a/-a4/o/-a/
.a | .:o)-/a a- - 4/:/4-a |:; 4/:// a 4- /a///a./a-
l |a. |: aa/4:4 -r o-4/:4r ; a- |:;: -a/-a4/o/-a/ ):r:
4-/:r aa )r;-./ 4- |/-a-/:r ./:| ):r: | -/a4/:a/- ):r: |
a/ )ra- -|| a -| /a/ar 4-| ||/:/: ; -| /a/ar 4- aa-/r
)a-|| (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
3.13. il Xlcalde
-uaue ac es su |uac| a, es ua +ctc| |ac|t+ate ea |cs cca||ctcs,
scc|e tcdc de ++s+||+a|eatcs + |c|ed+des c| +|te de cc|cacs.
la estcs c+scs, est+ +utc||d+d se +|t|cu|+ + ct|+s |ast+ac|+s +|+ de
a+ad+| +teac| a de |+s +utc||d+des , cuest|ca+ |+ +ctu+c| a de| l\k-
, de| tcc|e|ac.
3.1+. instituciones de apoyo
l| teat|c de laest|+c| a , l|cacc| a de| t+aes|a+dc (tllt-, es
ua+ |ast|tuc| a ue t|+c+,+ ea |+ :ca+ +c,+adc + |c,ectcs |cduc
t|cs, +a+de|cs , de +|cu|tu|+. -c,+ t+ac| a + |+s c|+a|:+c|caes
ea sus +cc|caes de deauac|+ de |+ |cc|ea t|c+ te|||tc||+|.
1. iukMXS ui uk6XNi2XCi N
1.1. Centtal de utganizaciones de los rueblos Nativos
6uatayos (CurNX6)
/: .a|/ar: a- a/r /-a-o - a- /4:: : .o a:r:;
-|-/o | r-)r--a/:a/- 4- aa-/r )a-||
lcs u+|+,cs t|eaea ccac c|+a|:+c| a c s|c+ |+ |+a|||+ auc|e+|
c|ue |cs s|stea+s t|+d|c|ca+|es |ue|ca +a|u||+dcs ea e| t|+ascu|sc
de |+ |d+ a|s|ca+|. h+st+ |+ acaeac|+tu|+ de| s|stea+ de +|eatescc
c+s| |+ des+|ec|dc, se a +act+ :t te|. - es+| de |+ aeac|ca+d+
|e+||d+d, ued+a +|uacs |+st|cs de |+ +,ud+ autu+ eat|e |+a|||+|es
de seuadc , te|ce| |+dc (k|este|, :u+:a c+|, 1)): 1,.
le| s|stea+ c|+a|:+t|c t|+d|c|ca+| u+|+,c ac ued+ a+d+ c| |+
|acs|c| a de ua+ |c|a+ c|+a|:+t|+, e| t+c||dc, ue des|+: + |+s
|c|a+s c|||a+||+s. lcste||c|aeate, se +dct+|ca aue+s |c|a+s c|
+a|:+t|+s |auest+s desde e| lst+dc: |cs s|ad|c+tcs c+aes|acs ue
|||uaea + +|t|| de |cs + cs e ccac |esu|t+dc de |+ +||c+c| a de
le, de ke|c|a+ -|+||+ de 1)]|. lcs u+|+,cs tu|e|ca ue c|+a|:+|
se ea s|ad|c+tcs c| :ca+s +|+||+s +|+ ccteae| t|e||+s.
/o)-::ra : r:a/::r- .o /a4/.:/ ):r: 4-/-a4-r |: //-
rr: -a ://: 4- a- |:| :a /a::/a- 4- | |:r: a /r: )-ra:
a- ||-:|:a 4- :/a-r: ; a-r :a :4a- :r- - :)r)/:|:a 4- |:
//-rr: /:/: -- oo-a/ a -r: |: r-:|/4:4 4- :a )ra- .:4:
CXr 1iiu iv
ia otganizaci n sociopol tica y los modos
de tesoluci n de conictos
216 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
aa /-a : a ):r.-|: //-rr: ; a |:| : aaa.: )r||-o: (lat|e
|st+, 1+/e/e,
lcste||c|aeate, |cs s|ad|c+tcs se ua|e|ca ea dcs |+ades |ede|+c|c
aes c+aes|a+s cca t|ates c| t|ccs, s|a |c|+| ccast|tu|| ua+ |e|e
seat+c| a e|d+de|+ de| uec|c u+|+,c. tca e| su||a|eatc de| ac
|a|eatc |ad ea+ ea e| O||eate cc|||+ac (tllO, se d|c |a|c|c ea
1)~! + |+ teat|+| tcaua+| tu+|+,+ ccac c|+a|:+c| a |ad ea+.
l+ eae|eac|+ de ua+ ccac|eac|+ ta|c+ , de ua+ a+||+ c|+a|:+t|+
eat|e |+ cc|+c| a |ad ea+ de| O||eate |ue ua |ccesc +u|+t|ac,
deseac+dea+dc c| |+ |ateas||c+c| a de| ce|cc scc|e |cs te|||tc||cs
|ad ea+s t|+d|c|ca+|es c| +|te de| lst+dc, |+s ea|es+s et|c|e|+s,
a+de|e|+s , d|e|s+s +seat+a|eatcs de cc|cacs, ea su |+a a+,c| +
de c||ea +,a+|+ , uec|u+:
\/r .o )a-|| a:r:; -a a .a/aa/ /-o)r- |-o /4
o:r/a:4 a a |:a r-)-/:4 | o:4-r-r ; -o)r-:r/
)ra- -|| a-r :a :4a- :r- 4- aa-/r r-.ar a:/ar:|- ;
)r - a /r:/:|:a .o .a:|a/-r |/.| r:r )ra- o /a
4 -a: ! r: : 4- - - -o)-: : o:/|/::r : |: -a/- ; 4- :| a:.-
| a- - -| ||O| ; ):r:|-|:o-a/- | a- - -| h:/o/-a/ |a4 -
a: )ra- -a -| ` a |-o r-aa/4 -a -| ||O| -a -- //-o)
-r: !/O| |: /a///a./ a a- a :);:|: ; .a -||: |-o |-.|
-| )r/o-r -a.a-a/r .a | .a:/r )a-|| /a4 -a: ; 4- :| a:.-
aa -a/) 4- 4-/-a: -r:a 4-|-:4 ):r: |: 4-/-a: l |a- -a
-| | a |-o r:a/::4 ; -/ra./ar:4 |: r:a/::./ a .o
-a/r:| 4- /a-|| ; oaa/4:4- |a4 -a: 4-| Or/-a/- ||/:/:
a .a -| ao|r- 4- ||O| /a/a.- a r:a/::o /ro:a4
.-a/r:|- .oaa:|- -a .:4: |a:r ; |a- ||-:o : !.-a./ a
):r: .r-:r | a- :|r: - ||:o: O/\!6 .a |: r-)r--a/:./ a 4-
| )a-|| /a4 -a: 4- 6a:r:; (lat|e|st+, 1!//e,
tcac |esu|t+dc de escs ac|a|eatcs, e| 11 de ,u||c de 1)~ a+c|
c|c|+|aeate |+ c|+a|:+c| a c| t|cc scc|+| de| uec|c u+|+,c, de
aca|a+d+ teat|+| de O|+a|:+c|caes de |cs luec|cs \+t|cs tu+|+
,cs (tOl\-t,, cu,c cc,et|c es |+ de|eas+ de |+ t|e||+ , e| te|||tc||c,
cusc+adc ccasc||d+| |+s :ca+s +|+||+s , de|eade| e| de|ec|c de |cs
uec|cs |ad ea+s.
217 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
l+ tOl\-t es |+ |ast+ac|+ a+,c| de |e|eseat+c| a ta|c+ , c| t|c+
de |cs |ad ea+s u+|+,cs. lu|+ate |+s |t|a+s d c+d+s, , ||ac|+|
aeate |cs |t|acs + cs, |+ |uc|+dc c| ccasc||d+| e| te|||tc||c ccac
a|c+ |ueate de |d+ , de |e|cducc| a de |+ |deat|d+d cu|tu|+| , e|
des+||c||c |ate|+|. l+ teat|+| t|eae |+ a|s| a de t|+c+,+| c|acc |e+s
tea t|c+s: |cace| |+ de|eas+ de |+ t+s+ t|+ade 1tO, e\||| e| cua
||a|eatc de |cs de|ec|cs |ua+acs, c| t|c+s scc|+|es, |deat|d+d cu|
tu|+| , +t||aca|c |at+a|c|e.
la |+ tOl\-t |ec+e |+ |escas+c|||d+d cu|tu|+| , |e+| de +||c+| |+s
dec|s|caes de| uec|c +ate cu+|u|e| s|tu+c| a, ||ac|+|aeate |+s
ue |a||uea |+ t|e||+ , |cs de|ec|cs. l+s ac|a+s ue ||ea e| est+
tutc de |+ tOl\-t |+a s|dc |+ate+d+s , de|a|d+s c| |+s ccaua|
d+des + t|+ s de |+ t|+a -s+ac|e+ de| luec|c tu+|+,c cca +,ud+ de
ct|+s |ast|tuc|caes de| |u+|. l+ tOl\-t +|+ cua||| sus +ct||d+des
cueat+ cca |ast+ac|+s t ca|c+s , c| a|c+s. l+s |ast+ac|+s c| a|c+s
e|e|d+s c| e| uec|c u+|+,c sca cu+t|c, c+d+ ua+ cua|e ua |c|
esec |cc ue e|a|te + |+ tOl\-t cua||| sus |aes. lst+s |ast+a
c|+s sca:
ia 6tan Xsamblea del rueblo 6uatayo: -utc||d+d a \|a+ de de
c|s| a de| uec|c u+|+,c, cca|c|a+d+ c| |cs ccaua+||cs |cac|es
, au,e|es |e|eseat+ates de |+s d||e|eates ceat|+|es , ccaua|d+des
a|eac|cs de |+ tOl\-t. l+ +s+ac|e+ se |e ae t+at+s eces ccac
se+ aeces+||c. :us ||ac|+|es |uac|caes sca:
l|e||, ccat|c|+| , s+ac|ca+| +| d||ectc||c de |+ tOl\-t.
le|a|| ,/c acd||c+| c| t|c+s , est|+te|+s + |+c| de| uec|c |a
d ea+.
\e|+| c| e| cua||a|eatc de |+s |esc|uc|caes +dct+d+s ea +s+a
c|e+s +ate||c|es.
Med|+| c |esc|e| |cs |cc|ea+s de |+s c|+a|:+c|caes a|eac|cs.
ia Xsamblea Consultiva: :euad+ |ast+ac|+ de +utc||d+d de |+ c|
+a|:+c| a, se |e ae dcs eces +| + c. lst ccast|tu|d+ c| e| d||ectc
||c de |+ tOl\-t, |+s ceat|+|es ccaua+|es , |+s ccaua|d+des a|ea
c|cs. :us +t||cuc|caes sca:
l|+a||c+|, e+|u+| , |sc+||:+| |+aes ce|+t|cs, |c,ectcs , es
t|caes.
218 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
tcat|c|+| e| cua||a|eatc de |+s dete|a|a+c|caes de |+ t|+a
-s+ac|e+.
\e|||c+| e| cua||a|eatc de |+s |uac|caes de |cs a|eac|cs de |+
tOl\-t.
Comisi n intetcomunal: last+ac|+ ce|+t|+ de +c,c e|a+aeate
+ |+ tOl\-t, ccast|tu|d+ c| |cs |es|deates de |+s teat|+|es tcau
a+|es, +utc||d+des t|+d|c|ca+|es , c|+a|:+|ca de au,e|es (tlMlt,.
ia uitecci n de la CurNX6: :u |uac| a es +|+at|:+| e| |uac|ca+
a|eatc , cua||a|eatc de |cs |aes |ast|tuc|ca+|es de |+ tOl\-t.
1.2. ias centtales
l+s ceat|+|es ccast|tu,ea |+ |e|eseat+c| a c| t|c+. 1|eaea ccac
cc,et|c |uc|+| c| |+ de|eas+ de |cs de|ec|cs c| t|ccs, ecca a|ccs,
scc|+|es , cu|tu|+|es. l+|t|c|+a +ct|+aeate ,uatc + |+ tOl\-t ea |+
ccasc||d+c| a de su te|||tc||c , |+ de|eas+ de sus |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es
,, ea e| ac|tc aua|c|+|, ea |+ |acc|c|+c| a de |+s ||ac|+|es
dea+ad+s , aeces|d+des de sus ccaua|d+des. lc| e,ea|c, se a |+s
eat|e|st+s, |+ teat|+| tcaua+| de l|uc|c| (tltl, se c|+a|: c|
|cs s|u|eates act|cs:
tcasc||d+| |+s :ca+s +|+||+s ccac c+se ||ac|+|.
le|eade| ea cca,uatc e| de|ec|c de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s.
le|ec|c + |+ educ+c| a +|+ |cs ||,cs, ue se+ |a+|t|d+ ea dcs
|eau+s.
Que e| uec|c tea+ ae,c| +teac| a ea s+|ud.
l+ tOl\-t +ctu+|aeate +|u+ auee c|+a|:+c|caes de |cs se|s
uec|cs, |+s :ca+s +|+||+s , |+s ccaua|d+des u+|+,+s. l+s ceat|+|es
ccaua+|es ea su tct+||d+d est a +|||+d+s + |+ tOl\-t , est a cca|c|
a+d+s ea |e|+c| a cca |+ d||s| a c| t|c+ , +da|a|st|+t|+:
teat|+| lad ea+ Mu|t| ta|c+ de -sceas| a (tll-,
teat|+| tcaua+| de :+a l+c|c (tt:l,
teat|+| tcaua+| de l|uc|c| (tltl,
teat|+| ta|c+ de tcaua|d+des :+|+t|e||+ (tl\tO:,
teat|+| tcaua+| \+u+| (tlt\,
teat|+| tcaua+| \ct+ (tlt\,
219 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
teat|+| lad ea+ tu|u| (tlt,
tcaua|d+d de :u|ucus
l| lueate (c|+a|:+c| a au|t| ta|c+,
la s|tu+c| a de cca||ctc, |+s ceat|+|es sca |+s ||ae|+s |ast+ac|+s ea
se| act||c+d+s. leead|eadc de |+ |+ed+d de| c+sc, |a|c|+a e| |c
cesc de tca+ de dec|s|caes ,uatc + |+s +utc||d+des |cc+|es c de||+a
|+ s|tu+c| a + |ast+ac|+s e|t|aeates.
l+s ceat|+|es ccaua+|es ue t|eaea a+,c| cc|+c| a , |e|eseat+t|
|d+d |ad ea+, ccac |+s de l|uc|c| , \+u+| , a+at|eaea ,uatc +
e||+s + |cs c+c||d+ates ccac cde| de dec|s| a, ccac +utc||d+d a \|
a+ esec |c+aeate ea c+scs de |acua||a|eatc de ac|a+s ac|+|es
, de cca|eac|+.
t+d+ ceat|+| cueat+ cca est+tutcs |c|cs ue ac|a+a , ||ea |+ cca
|eac|+ ccaua+|, |eset+adc e| a+|cc de |cs est+tutcs de |+ tOl
\-t. :e |+ |+a||c+dc |+ c|e+c| a de cu+t|c ceat|+|es ccaua+|es:
k c \e|c, k c \e||||c, :+at+ \e|+ad+ , Mcaea .
l+ d||ect|+ de |+s ceat|+|es t|eae ccac +utc||d+d ||ac|+| +| l|es|
deate, e|e|dc c| ua e| cdc de dcs + cs, ud|eadc se| susead|dc
ea c+sc de |c|+c| a de ||ac||cs c |acua||a|eatc de |uac|caes. l|
|estc de |+s c+|te|+s uede +||+| de +cue|dc + |+s aeces|d+des. lc|
e,ea|c, |+ teat|+| tcaua+| \+u+| (tlt\, est |ate|+d+ c|:
l|es|deate
\|ce|es|deate
:ec|et+| + de O|+a|:+c| a
:ec|et+| + de -ct+s
:ec|et+| + de lccaca + , les+||c||c
:ec|et+| + de 1|e||+s , 1e|||tc||c
:ec|et+| + de lduc+c| a , tu|tu|+
:ec|et+| + de :+|ud
:ec|et+| + de laest|+c| a , lstud|cs
:ec|et+| + de tcaua|c+c| a, la|c|a+c| a , l||us| a
1.2.1. Centtal de Mu[etes ind genas
-|u+ + tcd+s |+s au,e|es de |cs ceat|+|es, ccaua|d+des , :ca+s
+|+||+s u+|+,+s. :e c||eat+ + |e||ad|c+| |+ +|t|c|+c| a de |+ au,e|
220 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
ea |+ tca+ de dec|s|caes , + c++c|t+| + |+s au,e|es +|+ ue ccac:c+a
sus de|ec|cs de c|ud+d+a+s.
1.3. il Cabildo
l| t+c||dc es |+ c|+a|:+c| a t|+d|c|ca+| a s +at|u+, |ast+u|+d+ c|
|+ M|s| a l|+ac|sc+a+, +ccc+d+ + c|c|cs |e|||cscs , + c|+a|:+| |+s
|est+s c eeatcs |e|||cscs. :u |uac| a es e|+| +|+ ue se a+atea+
|+ cu|tu|+, e,e|c|eadc +utc||d+d ac|+|es|||tu+| , |e|||cs+.
-ctu+|aeate, es |+ +utc||d+d ac|+| , t|+d|c|ca+| de| uec|c. l\|ste
ea tcd+s |+s cc|+c|caes u+|+,+s: -sceas| a de tu+|+,cs, l|uc|c| ,
\+u+| , :+a l+c|c , \ct+ . l+s +utc||d+des de| t+c||dc |ate||eaea
ea c+sc de cca||ctcs ea |+s ccaua|d+des, ccacc+a + |+s +s+ac|e+s
eae|+|es +|+ t|+t+| |cs |cc|ea+s. tu+adc |+, cca||ctcs c| |cs
|ecu|scs a+tu|+|es , |+ t|e||+, ue sca +tead|dcs c| |+ tOl\-t ,
|+s ceat|+|es, |+s +utc||d+des de| t+c||dc +|t|c|+a ea +|uacs c+scs
d+adc +c,c c ea ct|cs ++|+adc |cs +cue|dcs.
/a :|:://-rr: :| /a:| a- -a /ra|/.| -| ):)-| 4-| :./a- - 4-
a4|- r-|//: ; or:| )-r -a |: :./a:|/4:4 - aa: /ar: 4-::
a-./4: (tl-ll:, !|: 1~1,
/a l:a:r -| ):)-| 4- | :./a- /a- /-a4 /-a/4 -a :|/:
-//o: )a- /a/-r:/-a-a ; a .aa|/:4 )r /4 //) 4- )r||-
o: /:o/|/:r- ; r-|// ; 4- /r: a4|- (lc|d.: 1~!,
l| t+c||dc est |ate|+dc c| 1! e|sca+s |eset+d+s, e|e|d+s c|
e| +d|e , |cs c+c||d+ates. 1cd+s |+s +utc||d+des t|eaea c+stcaes
de a+adc ea se +| de +utc||d+d. la c|dea desceadeate de
|escas+c|||d+des, est cca|c|a+dc c|:
rtimet Cacique o Cacique Mayot: tcase,e|c de |+ ccaua|d+d,
e|sca+ de |esetc. O|dea+ |cs c|c|cs |e|||cscs ea |+ ccaua|d+d.
Cacique Segundo: keea|+:+ ea c+sc de +useac|+ +| +ate||c|.
intendente: ls e| c|+:c de| t+c|ue :euadc, e|c |u+|aeate est
+| se||c|c de| ||ae|c.
Comandante: h+ce cua||| |+ c|dea de c+st|c + |cs |a||+ctc|es (|+s
s+ac|caes t|+d|c|ca+|es: |u+sc+, cec, ea +ctu+| desusc,. leeade
d||ect+aeate de| t+c|ue M+,c|.
Xlcalde: O|+a|:+ |+ |d+ de| uec|c: +||e|c de c+s+s, c+||es, etc.
221 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
Comisatio rtimeto: leeade de| -|c+|de, es u|ea |+ce cua||| |+s
|deaes de ste.
Comisatio Segundo: 1|eae |+cc|es de +|u+c||.
iiscal: \e|+ c| e| c|dea , +auac|+ |+s aced+des + |+ ccaua|d+d.
Cottegidot: :c|uc|ca+ cca||ctcs eat|e |+a|||+s, |a+|te ,ust|c|+
(c+st|cs c eac|e||cs c| |+|t+s,.
Ctuceto rtimeto: lc|t+dc| de |+ t|u: ea tcdcs |cs eeatcs |e|||cscs,
||e+ |+ c|u: de|+ate de| t+c|ue.
Ctuceto Segundo: h+ce |+s eces de| t|uce|c l||ae|c.
andeteto: kec|ce , ||e+ de|+ate de |+ c|u: |+ c+ade|+ cc|||+a+.
(M+|t ae:, 1)): !1,.
/| :|/|4 - -| a- r4-a: a- |:;: |/o)/-:: -a -| )a-|| ; -a -|
.-o-a/-r/ /| a- |:.- - - -| .:./a- -| .rr-/4r .a:a4
|:; :|aa a- |: |-.| o:| a- |:.- )/.:r4 : | 4: .:// |-
4: oa|/: /| :|.:|4- |:o-a/- r4-a: :a -a -/- )a-|| /| .ar:
|:o-a/- ):r: .-|-|r:r o/: (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
l| c+c|ue |e|eseat+ |+ |e|||cs|d+d de tcd+ |+ ccaua|d+d. ls e|
+du|tc cca a s e\e||eac|+. :us |uac|caes sca c||eat+| , |ed|c+| |+s
ac|a+s de cca|eac|+. la +|ua+s ccaua|d+des a|s|ca+|es, e| |c|
de| c+c|ue es au, |eset+dc , dea+ad+dc, ac s |c ea |+ tca+ de
dec|s|caes de cca|eac|+ ccaua+|, s|ac t+ac| a ea cca||ctcs c| |+
t|e||+. la -sceas| a de tu+|+,cs, |+ |u|+ de| c+c|ue se +ccc+ s |c
+ |cs c|c|cs |e|||cscs, se ||a|t+ + +|t|c|+ ea |+s ce|eaca|+s |e|||c
s+s , ea +|ua+s +ct||d+des aua|c|+|es ea c+||d+d de |e|eseat+ate
ac|+| , cu|tu|+| |ad ea+.
l+ |uac| a de| t+c||dc d||||d+ + +da|a|st|+| ,ust|c|+ |+ s|dc des|+
:+d+ c| aue+s |c|a+s de est|uctu|+, ea +|uacs c+scs c|e+d+s c|
aeces|d+des de| uec|c u+|+,c, ccac |+s ceat|+|es , |+s +scc|+c|c
aes |ad ea+s |c|est+|es, , ea ct|cs c+scs, |auest+s c| e| lst+dc ,
+|c|+d+s c| |cs u+|+,cs, ccac |cs s|ad|c+tcs +|+||cs , |+s O1
|ast+u|+d+s + +|t|| de |+ le, de l+|t|c|+c| a lcu|+| de 1))+.
1.+. ias zonas agtatias
l+s :ca+s +|+||+s |ue|ca |c|a+d+s ccac ccasecueac|+ de |+ le,
-|+||+ +|+ sc||c|t+| t|e||+s. la sus |a|c|cs se c|+a|:+|ca ea ua+ le
de|+c| a t+aes|a+, cste||c|aeate +s+|ca + ccast|tu|| ua+ c|+
222 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
a|:+c| a |ad ea+. \c t|eaea ua c+| cte| |c|+aeate de |cducc| a
+| cc|+, sca a s c|ea |e+s de||a|t+d+s dcade se |cduce +|+ |+
sucs|steac|+ |+a|||+| (M+|t ae:, 1)): !+,. la c+ac|c, |cs s|ad|c+tcs
+|+||cs cc||escadea + |+ lede|+c| a t+aes|a+, dcade c+d+ c+a
es|ac t|eae ua+ +|ce|+ |ad||du+| ue |+ t|+c+,+ , cu,cs |cductcs
sca dest|a+dcs +| ae|c+dc. l+s :ca+s +|+||+s +ctu+|aeate t|eaea
ccac t+|e+ ||ac|+| |+ |e+|t|c| a , |ctecc| a de |+s t|e||+s, e,e|cea
+utc||d+d , ccat|c| ea cca||ctcs ea est+ a+te||+ + a|e| ccaua+| ,
+c,+a |a|c|+t|+s |cduct|+s. l| ,e|e de :ca+ +|+||+ t|eae c| |ua
c| a |ctee| |+ t|e||+ de |cs te||+tea|eates.
1.5. ias autotidades comunales
l+s O|+a|:+c|caes 1e|||tc||+|es de +se (O1, a+c|e|ca cca |+ le,
de l+|t|c|+c| a lcu|+|. :ca |+s |ast+ac|+s |e|eseat+t|+s de |+s :c
a+s ,u||sd|cc|ca+|es ea |+ tca+ de dec|s|caes c| t|c+s , scc|+|es +ate
e| tcc|e|ac aua|c|+|. :e eac+|+a de dea+ad+| , |sc+||:+| |+s es
t|caes de| aua|c||c. l| tca|t de \|||+ac|+, c| su +|te, e,e|ce
ccat|c| scc|+|, |||+ , |sc+||:+ |+s cc|+s , e| a+ae,c |a+ac|e|c de|
l|+a Oe|+t|c -au+| aua|c|+|. ls e|e|dc c| |+ ceat|+| |ad ea+. l+
}uat+ lscc|+| se eac+|+ de e|+| c| e| cuea deseae c de |+ educ+
c| a, ccc|d|a+adc sus +ct||d+des cca |cs |c|esc|es.
1+ac| a est |+ -scc|+c| a lc|est+| lad ea+ de tu+|+,cs (-llt,,
|c|a+d+ +|+ e| +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs |c|est+|es aed|+ate
|+aes de a+ae,c ea |+ 1tO , eae|+| +|te|a+t|+s de |cducc| a e
|a|escs ea |+s ccaua|d+des.
Ot|+s c|+a|:+c|caes sca e| t|uc de M+d|es, ue |e+||:+ |+ |+a||c+c| a
de t|+c+,cs +|+ e| c|+cc ccaua+| , |+ tcce|+t|+ de h+a+ue|+s
ue +|u+ au,e|es te,edc|+s.
l|a+|aeate, teaeacs +| cc||e|dc|, +utc||d+d |at|cduc|d+ c| |cs es
+ c|es , |eccacc|d+ ea |+ tcast|tuc| a lc| t|c+ de| lst+dc. ls des|
a+dc c| e| :uc|e|ectc de |+ |c|ac|+. :u |uac| a es ccat|c|+| e| c|
dea c||cc, +teade| cca||ctcs , |+ce| cua||| |cs c+st|cs de||+dcs
c| |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es:
/| .rr-/4r -/ ):r: .rr-/r : |: -a/- ):r: :.a-/:r : |:
-a/- : | a- |:.-a o:| : | a- - )-|-:a / .://: .a /r:
223 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
|:/ 4- |/o)/-:: -a -| )a-|| /- :.: a oa|/: .a - | .rr/
- (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
2. iXS NukMXS
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s +ates de |+ eaet|+c| a de |cs +eates e\te|acs
us+c+a cc|ect|+aeate e| es+c|c te|||tc||+| , ccat+c+a cca ac|a+s
cu|tu|+|es , c|eeac|+s ue e|a|t +a +|+at|:+| |+ ccase|+c| a de
|cs |ecu|scs de| ccsue. :|a eac+|c, c| |cs cca||ctcs eae|+dcs
+ +|t|| de| usc , +ccesc + |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es ea e| 1tO, se
||:c aeces+||c ue e| uec|c u+|+,c ccast|u,+ ac|a+s ea |c|a+
+|t|c|+t|+, est+c|ec|eadc de|ec|cs, |c||c|c|caes, |cced|a|eatcs
e |ast+ac|+s , s+ac|caes.
l+s ac|a+s sca +cue|dcs est+c|ec|dcs c| ccaseasc , +cet+dcs c|
tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs, |cac|es , au,e|es, de |+ 1tO. 1|eaea ccac
c+se |cs ||ac||cs cu|tu|+|es, uscs , ccstuac|es , sca t|+sa|t|dcs de
eae|+c| a ea eae|+c| a. lst+s ac|a+s e|a|tea ||| ea +|aca + ,
|+ce| ua ae,c| a+ae,c , ccat|c| de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es de| ccsue.
l+s ac|a+s e|t+a |cs cca||ctcs ea , eat|e |+s ccaua|d+des.
/: aro: 4- :a/- -r:a / -a/r |:o :| |a- a 4-|-r :o
-a/r:r .a )-r/ao- a/ /:|a./|| )ra- )a-4-a :/|:r- |
:a/o:|- ; -| :a: a- |:; -a -| |a- - -.: )ra- :| :/:-a
:|aa |/.| ; / )a-4-a 4-:):r-.-r )r - a )r|/| :a
/: aro: a |: .a. :o /:a/ )-r - a )r|/| :a a-
|::o o:|: .: a- 4: -o |: a:/ar:|-:: (lat|e|st+,
1]/]/e,
lcs u+|+,cs a+at|eaea ua cca,uatc de ac|a+s de cca|eac|+ a
t|a+aeate |e|+c|ca+d+s cca |+ |s| a , +|c|+c| a de su c||ea , de|
ccsue. }uatc + |+s ac|a+s, es |aae+c|e |+ |a|ueac|+ |e|||cs+ de |+s
M|s|caes ea |cs cc|+dc|es, u|eaes cseea ac|a+s de c|dea ac|+|
c+s+d+s ea |cs ||ac||cs c+t ||ccs.
\/r | ;:a:ra.- o )-ra: :a: ; a- /4:: :
-a/-a4-o )ra- o aa )a-|| .:/ |/. ; aa-/r :a.-/r
a : - ://- : |: :a/: o/: /4: |: a.|- ; /4 | 4o/a
(lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
224 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
o )a-|| /a4 -a: o oa; .r///:a a/r .r--o -a
|/ ; -: - aa-/r: |-; /aa4:o-a/:| ; .r--o a- - -| a/. a-
a )a-4- :;a4:r : r-|:-r | .a//./ (lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
l+|+ |cs u+|+,cs e| ccsue es ua |u+| ||eac de ||ue:+s, +|c|+a
e| t |a|ac ||ue:+ desde su ccsac|s| a ccac +ue||c ue |cee
|a|a|d+d de |ecu|scs +|+ |+ sucs|steac|+. lc| |+ a|sa+ |+: a |eset+a
, |cteea e| ccsue, |ese|+adc e| aed|c +ac|eate.
/: aro: a- /-a-o a a 4-/ra/r -| oa/- /-a-r r-)-/
)r |: //-rr: r-)-/ )r |: |/4:r/4:4 )r .o):r//r !|r: |
:a/o:|- - -/ a )-r4/-a4 - -/ a :/-a4 .: .o |: /-.a
| : a- -/ :::a::4: (lat|e|st+, |/e/e,
\ )4-o o:/:r -a r:a .:a//4:4 :a/o:|- )ra- - .r-- a-
/4 | :a/o:|- //-a-a 4a- )r - -| /a4 -a: a:r:; ):r:
.:::r )r/o-r //-a- a- )-4/r :| 4a- / :|a-| .a-a/:a a-
/4 -r :/:/-a/- -a |: //-rr: //-a- aa -r a)r-o :| .a:| |:; a-
/-o-r /| /a4 -a: a:r:; a 4-|- o:/:r :a/o:|- a 4-/r::r
r||- ; .a./-a/- |: -a/- 4- - :.:/: |: aro: |:/: |; -a
4 : (lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
laccat|+acs t+ac| a ua s|ac|et|sac eat|e |+s c|eeac|+s de |ctecc| a
de |+ a+tu|+|e:+ cca e| c||st|+a|sac. lc| e,ea|c, cu+adc s+|ea + c+:+|
t|eaea ue c|+| , ed|| e|a|sc +| due c de |cs +a|a+|es +|+ ue |es
d +||aeatc.
2.1. Notmas esctitas
l+s ceat|+|es ccaua+|es t|eaea ua est+tutc ue ||e e| +cc|ca+| de
|cs uec|cs , ua |e|+aeatc |ate|ac. :e ||ea c| estcs |ast|uaeatcs
+|+ des+||c||+| su |d+ c| a|c+ , +||c+| s+ac|caes. lcs d|||eates
cueat+a cca ua a+au+| de |uac|caes a- -/:||-.- . o //-a-
a- )r/:r- aa | 4-r ):r: -| a 4- |/-a- ):r: |: .a):./ a 4-
//-rr: |:; r-a/// : )-:r 4- a- o 4a- a )a-o
r-|: ):r: :.:/:r|: ):r: )4-r :4a/r/r //-rr: 4 -/ |:/
r-|:o-a/ ; -/:/a/ (lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,.
l+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s est a |e+|aeate |e|eseat+d+s c| |+
|ast+ac|+ a \|a+, |+ tOl\-t, ue ,uatc + sus ceat|+|es csee est+
tutcs c| a|ccs. :|a eac+|c, ac se ccse|+ a|a a |e|+aeatc de
225 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
ac|a+t||d+d, ,+ se+ de| usc de |+ t|e||+ , |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es de
|+ 1tO c de cca|eac|+ ea |+s ccaua|d+des. le|c, |cs uec|cs de |+
1tO se +a+|+a c+,c |+s ac|a+s esc||t+s, e\|es+d+s ea |+ tcast|tu
c| a lc| t|c+ de| lst+dc, le, de 1|e||+s, le, lc|est+|, le, de l+|t|c|+
c| a lcu|+| , le, de ke|c|a+ lduc+t|+. la cu+atc + |+s ac|a+s de
cca|eac|+ esc||t+s, sca |+s de |+s |ast+ac|+s c| t|c+s est+t+|es: |ast|
tuc|caes ccac e| l\k-, |+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+|, |cs aua|c||cs
, |+s la|d+des lc|est+|es Mua|c|+|es.
l| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c |+ ccaea:+dc + esc||c|| est+tutcs , |e
|+aeatcs |ate|acs ue e|a|t+a ua ae,c| ccat|c| , e|tea |cs cca
||ctcs ea e| te|||tc||c. :|a eac+|c, + |+ |c|+ de |esc|e| cca||ctcs,
||+a+ |+ +teac| a ue |acc|c|ea e|eaeatcs de| de|ec|c cs|t|c ,
ac |esc+tea sus ac|a+s , +|c|es cu|tu|+|es. t+d+ e: t|eaea a s +e
c + |+s |e,es de| lst+dc.
l+s |ast|tuc|caes ue +c,+a |c,ectcs de |+aes de a+ae,c t+ac| a
+c,+a |+ e|+cc|+c| a de |e|+aeatcs , est+tutcs +|+ e|t+| cca||ctcs
, ccac +|te de |cs |eu|s|tcs +|+ |e+||:+| +|cec|+a|eatc |c|est+|.
kes+|t+a s+ac|caes |ees, ccac |+ ||+a+d+ de +teac| a, , |+es ccac
|+ suseas| a de| t|+c+,c (tl-ll:, !+: 11],. :e est+c|ece t+ac| a
|+ cs|c|||d+d de +cud|| + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+, e|c |cs ccaua+||cs
|e|e|ea +cud|| + |+ +s+ac|e+ eae|+| ccac a \|a+ |ast+ac|+ de
dec|s| a +|+ |+ sc|uc| a de cca||ctcs se a sus uscs , ccstuac|es.
:|a eac+|c, ea c+scs cca|cc+dcs de a+|cs a+ae,cs ac |uac|ca+
e| |e|+aeatc s|ac |cs |+:cs de cca+d|+:c , |+s | ct|c+s de |cs
d|||eates ue ut|||:+a e| ccacc|a|eatc ccac cde|. lese + |cs
|ec|+acs de |+ c+se scc|+| , + |+s |uec+s |eseat+d+s, escs |ec|cs
|+a ued+dc |auaes.
:| c|ea se |+ ++a:+dc ea |+ e|+cc|+c| a de |e|+aeatcs, scc|e tcdc
+|+ e| a+ae,c |c|est+|, stcs ac se cua|ea, |c ue |eccu+ + |cs
ccaua+||cs, u|eaes a+a||est+a |+ |ac|t+ac|+ de ccat+| cca |e|+
aeatcs. l| |cc|ea+ es c ac se +|+at|:+ su e,e|c|c|c , +||c+c| a
cc||ect+.
1cdcs |cs ccaua+||cs |ad ea+s, ccac due cs, t|eaea de|ec|c +|
usu||uctc de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es, c| esc |+s ac|a+s |ate|a+s de
c|dea+a|eatc, usc, +ccesc , +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs e\|s
teates est a d||||d+s + |eu|+| e| c+| cte| cc|ect|c , + de|a|| |+ d|s
226 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
t||cuc| a de ceae|c|cs +|+ e|t+| cca||ctcs. lc| estc, es u|eate |+
ccast|ucc| a de ac|a+t|+s ue |e|+aeate e| usc , +ccesc de |cs
|ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. ls ua |etc ue dece| a ea||eat+| |+s ceat|+|es.
:|a eac+|c, es |ec|sc ue |cs ccaua+||cs est a ccasc|eates de |+
aeces|d+d de ccat+| cca estcs |ast|uaeatcs, ue |cs +sua+a , se
+|c|ea de e||cs.
2.2. instancias y ptocedimientos
l+s |ast+ac|+s +|+ |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs c| e| usc , +ccesc de
|cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es ea e| te|||tc||c sca:
kedes de patentesco: la e| uec|c u+|+,cs ea ||ae|+ |ast+ac|+
|uac|ca+a |+s ac|a+s de +|eatescc , de cca+d|+:c.
Comunitatia: la est+ |ast+ac|+ |ate||eaea |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+
|es, |cs ,e|es +|+||cs , |+s ceat|+|es. 1ca+a ccacc|a|eatc de| cca||c
tc , ||+a+a + |+s +|tes +|ect+d+s. :| e| |cc|ea+ es eat|e ccaua+||cs
due cs de +|ce|+s, |,+a |+ |asecc| a + |+s +|ce|+s +|+ t|+t+| de
|esc|e| e| +suatc.
intetcomunitatia: lst+ |ast+ac|+ |uac|ca+ cu+adc |cs cca||ctcs se
d+a eat|e :ca+s +|+||+s de d||e|eates ceat|+|es. la este c+sc |ate||e
aea |+s ceat|+|es, |+s :ca+s +|+||+s , |+ tOl\-t.
M stica: la +|uacs cca||ctcs se +cude +| |+,e c c|u,c.
intetfetida: late||eaea +eates e\te|acs, ccac |+s +utc||d+des
ccaeteates c |cc+|es, |+ lc||c + c |cs +sesc|es.
- a|e| ccaua+|, ea tcdcs |cs c+scs e| |cced|a|eatc es tct+|aeate
c|+|, se e|a|te + |+s +|tes |eseat+| test|cs, dccuaeatcs , se escu
c|+ + +ac+s c| |u+|.
la c+scs de cca||ctcs cca te|ce|cs, e| |cced|a|eatc sue|e seu|| ua
a|sac c|c|c c |ccesc ue |eset+ |+s |ast+ac|+s de +utc||d+d ccau
a+|, su|+ccaua+| , uce|a+aeat+|. l+ |ate|+cc| a de |+s |ast+ac|+s
de +utc||d+d uce|a+aeat+| , ac uce|a+aeat+| eae|+ ea |+ c
c|+c| a |ad ea+ u+|+,+ ua seat|a|eatc cc|ect|c de |esetc + sus
de|ec|cs ta|ccs.
tu+adc |cs cca||ctcs se t|+t+a |ate|a+aeate, deead|eadc de sus
c+|+cte| st|c+s, se |esue|ea ||aeate. le|c cu+adc se t|+s|e|e e| c+sc
+ ct|+s |ast+ac|+s de cc|e|ac |ate|ac c + |+s +utc||d+des ccaeteates,
227 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
e| cca||ctc t|eade + |c|ca+|se, c| |cs |eu|s|tcs , |cced|a|eatcs
|e+|es ue estcs +c+||e+a , + eces c| |+ cca|e,|d+d de| a|sac.
l+s +utc||d+des, s|ad|c+tcs +|+||cs, ceat|+|es , ct|+s +utc||d+des se
|e aea ea |+a +s+ac|e+ +|+ de|a|| |+s aed|d+s ue se +a +dct+|
, se |+s ccaua|c+ + |+ tOl\-t.
a:a4 |:; aa .a//./ )r/o-r - 4/:|: |: :a/r/4:4- ||:
o:a : |: )-ra: 4-| .a//./ ):r: r-|:-r| 4-)a ||:o:a
: | .oaa:r/ : aa: ::o||-: / -| )r||-o: - .a aa :
a:4-r /a/ro:a : | 4/r/-a/- 4- |: .-a/r:|- ):r: -a.a/r:r
aa: |a./ a \ ||:o:a : |: O/\!6 )ra- a .a/ :a a ::a
|:.-r a:4: 4/.-a (lat|e|st+, 1/e/e,.
2.3. iases del modo de tesoluci n de conictos
h+, |ees d||e|eac|+s ea e| |ccesc de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, de
+cue|dc +| t|c de |cc|ea+ |deat||c+dc. tu+adc su|ea cca||ctcs
c| ++s+||+a|eatc de t|e||+s, e| |ccesc es e| s|u|eate:
+, :e ccaua|c+ + |cs |e|eseat+ates de |+s ceat|+|es , |+s O1.
c, :e |ateat+ sc|uc|ca+| e| cca||ctc eat|e +ac+s +|tes.
c, la c+sc ue +ac+s +|tes ac ccaea+a ua+ sc|uc| a, se |ea|te
e| cca||ctc + |+ -s+ac|e+ de| luec|c.
d, :e ccacc+ + |+ -s+ac|e+ de| luec|c + |+ ue +s|stea tcdcs
|cs |e|eseat+ates ccaua+|es , de |+s ceat|+|es. :e tca+a
dec|s|caes.
e, :e |ccede ea c+se + |+s dec|s|caes tca+d+s c| |+ -s+ac|e+.
Med|+ate |+ tOl\-t se |ea|te |+ s|tu+c| a |aaed|+t+aeate + |+
:uc|e|ectu|+, -|c+|d + , tca|t t |cc.
|, la c+sc ue |+s +utc||d+des ac tcaea |+s aed|d+s aeces+||+s, se
|e aea |cs ccaua+||cs +|+ de|eade| e| te|||tc||c ++s+||+dc.
la cca||ctcs c| scc|ecs|c| a se |ccede de |+ s|u|eate a+ae|+:
+, :e ccaua|c+ + |cs |e|eseat+ates de |+s ceat|+|es , |+s O1.
c, :e |ateat+ sc|uc|ca+| e| cca||ctc eat|e +ac+s +|tes, desu s de
ua+ |+|+ d|scus| a ea |+ ue tca+a |+ +|+c|+ |+s +|tes ea cca
||ctc, |uec se dete|a|a+a |+s |esc|uc|caes , se |+s +act+ ea ua
||c|c de +ct+s.
228 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
c, la c+sc ue +ac+s +|tes ac ccaea+a ua+ sc|uc| a, se |ea|te |+
s|tu+c| a c| aed|c de |+ tOl\-t +| l\k-, |ast+ac|+ |escas+c|e
de| tea+ de t|e||+s.
d, :| e| l\k- ac |+ce |+s est|caes e|t|aeates +|+ sc|uc|ca+| e|
cca||ctc + |+c| de| +|ect+dc, se ccacc+ + ua+ -s+ac|e+ de|
luec|c , se d+ +|te |aaed|+t+aeate + |+ -|c+|d +, tca|t t |cc
, tca|t de \|||+ac|+.
e, :e |ccede ea c+se + |+s dec|s|caes tca+d+s ea |+ -s+ac|e+.
Med|+ate |+ tOl\-t se |ea|te |+ s|tu+c| a |aaed|+t+aeate + |+
:uc|e|ectu|+, -|c+|d +, , tca|t t |cc.
|, la c+sc ue |+s +utc||d+des ac tcaea |+s aed|d+s aeces+||+s, se
|e aea |cs ccaua+||cs +|+ de|eade| e| te|||tc||c ++s+||+dc.
lcs cca||ctcs c| eat+ de a+de|+ s|uea |+ a|sa+ |ut+, s+|c ue sca
de||+dcs + |+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+| c + |+s la|d+des lc|est+|es
Mua|c|+|es.
l| ke|+aeatc late|ac de |+ tlt\, c| e,ea|c, ea su +|t cu|c 1]
se +|+ ue |cs cca||ctcs eat|e c|+a|:+c|caes de c+se ue ac |+,+a
cd|dc se| |esue|tcs d||ect+aeate c| e||cs, decea d+|se + ccacce|
+| l||ectc||c, cusc+adc esc|+|ece| e| |ec|c , sc|uc|ca+| e| |cc|ea+
s|a +|ect+| |+ ua|d+d de |cs a|eac|cs de |+ c|+a|:+c| a.
la |t|a+ |ast+ac|+, cu+adc e| cca||ctc ac se |+ cd|dc sc|uc|ca+|
c es de |+a |a+ctc +|+ e| te|||tc||c, se cusc+ |+ +|t|c|+c| a de |+
tOl\-t. l+|+ e||c se |e+||:+a +s+ac|e+s |+ades de |+s se|s ceat|+|es,
ea e||+s se dete|a|a+a |+s +cc|caes ue decea se| de cua||a|eatc
de tcdcs.
lcs cca||ctcs |ate|acs eat|e ccaua+||cs c| de|ec|cs de |c|ed+d,
ea +|uacs c+scs, se +||e|+a ea |uac| a de |+s est|uctu|+s de c
c|e|ac , de| s|stea+ ac|a+t|c. l+s +utc||d+des, t|+t+adc de e|t+|
|+ cca||cat+c| a, +ct+a e| d| |cc cca e| |a de eaccat|+| ua+ ,ust+
sc|uc| a , de est+ |c|a+ +|+at|:+| |+ +|aca + ccaua+|.
lcs ccaua+||cs de| uec|c u+|+,c s| c|ea t|eaea auc|c |esetc c|
sus +utc||d+des, +cudea cca a+|c+d+ ||ecueac|+ ea cusc+ de ,ust|c|+
+ |+s +utc||d+des |cc+|es, +| cc||e|dc| , + |+ lc||c +, ese + ue s+cea
ue e||c s|a||c+| ua |+a ccstc , ue ea auc|cs c+scs ac |+||+| a
|+ ,ust|c|+ ue cusc+a. l+|+ |esc|e| cca||ctcs de t|e||+s, |ecu||ea +|
229 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
l\k-, c| |cs |ecu|scs a+de|+c|es, + |+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+|.
-s|a|sac, |+cea +|t c|es de |cs cca||ctcs + |+s +utc||d+des |cc+
|es, +|c+|des, cc||e|dc|es , + |+s |ast|tuc|caes c |c+s cu+adc +|ect+a
|ate|eses te|||tc||+|es, scc|e tcdc cu+adc se t|+t+ de cca||ctcs de
++s+||+a|eatc de cc|cacs c c+aes|acs.
lc| ct|c |+dc, ese + |+s c| t|c+s c| |+s +ctu+c|caes de sus e\ d|||eates,
|+ tOl\-t a+at|eae su |e|t|a|d+d, es |st+ ccac |+ c|+a|:+c| a
c| t|c+ de|easc|+ de |cs de|ec|cs |ad ea+s , se cua|ea |+s +cc|caes
c| t|c+s , |e+|es ue +suae.
3. MuuuS ui kiSuiiCi N ui CuNiiiC1uS
!a a/-4 a :: : :-r :ro: 4- /a- :a / - a-.-:r/ :
.:r |: /-.|: ; | |-/a. .o | // ; |a4: -: a aa-
/r: :ro: :a a/r a a//|/::o /r: .: (lat|e|st+,
1+/e/e,
-ctu+|aeate, dec|dc +| |ccesc ||st ||cc ue |+a +t|+es+dc |cs ue
c|cs u+|+,cs desde |+ tc|ca|+ es+ c|+ |+st+ |+s M|s|caes ,esu t|c+s
, ||+ac|sc+a+s, es d|| c|| +||a+| |+ e\|steac|+ de acdcs c|||a+||cs de
|esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs. :us |edes scc|+|es, ac|a+s , ||ac||cs ac
|+|es +ate||c|es + |+ tc|ca|+ |ue|ca e\t|au| adcse +| se| scaet|dcs
+u|+t|a+aeate c| e| ac|de ||+ac|sc+ac. :|a eac+|c, |+a |c|+dc
scc|e||| auc|cs de sus uscs , ccstuac|es, ea esec|+| |cs |e|+c|ca+
dcs cca |+ c+:+, esc+, |ecc|ecc| a de ||utcs, +||cu|tu|+ , +|tes+a +s.
l+s M|s|caes, +| |ast+u|+| e| s|stea+ de ccat|c| scc|cc| t|cc de| t+c||
dc, |acc|c|+|ca ccac ||ac|+| |ast+ac|+ +| t+c|ue, u|ea +dea s
de |ed|c+| , |cace| |+s ac|a+s de |+ |e||| a c+t ||c+, |cced + ea
c+se + |cs +|c|es u+|+,cs de c||eat+c| a +| uec|c, cca|c|a+adc
+s ua e|eaeatc cu|tu|+|.
lcdeacs +||a+| ue ua+ de |+s cu+||d+des cu|tu|+|es de |+ ac|a+
t||d+d ue tcd+ + e\|es+a |cs |ad ea+s u+|+,cs, ac s |c e| ac
aeatc de |esc|e| cca||ctcs, es |+ +s||d+d , e| |esetc c| e| ct|c.
lst+ cu+||d+d |a|ea+ e| se| u+|+,c de |+ +ctu+||d+d. lste uec|c
|ad ea+ se c+|+cte||:+ ||st ||c+aeate c| se| ua uec|c +c |cc. l|
acaeatc de |ate|ea|| ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, |+ ||ae|+ +c
230 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
c| a es e| d| |cc cca |+s +|tes. : |c ea c+scs +|s|+dcs, c| aeces|d+d
de |e||ad|c+| , de|eade| sus de|ec|cs, +ct +a cca |+ |ue|:+.
lcs ccaua+||cs eat|e|st+dcs a+a||est+|ca ue |ue|ca sus +cue|cs
u|eaes |es t|+asa|t|e|ca |+ cu|tu|+ de| d| |cc , de| ccase,c, c|ue
ac se t|+t+ de |acae| s|ac de escuc|+| , eateade|se c| e| c|ea de
|+ cca|eac|+ ccaua+|:
\/r a r-:|/::o - :./ 4- ||a- a:4: a- :-r .a
a/r \/r aaa.: |-o |-.| a/a a ):r / a- - |:
a//|/::4 - ||:o:r ; 4/:|:r :a -a l:a:r aaa.: |-o |-
.| ):r a/ aa ||a- /:o (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
:|a eac+|c, ct|cs a+a||est+a ue |+ cu|tu|+ de| d| |cc + eces ac
t|eae ||utcs, c|ue |+s e|sca+s |e|e|ea ac escuc|+| + |+s +utc||
d+des , +||e|+a tcdc cca aec+a|sacs cce|c|t|cs , de |es| a, +cu
d|eadc + |+ lc||c + c ut|||:+adc |+ |ue|:+ , |+ |c|eac|+.
!a/- :rr-| |:o |: .: 4/:|:a4 ; - )a :a |: .:
.a/ro- - 4-|/4 :|r: |: -a/- ;: a a/-r- -.a.|:r /4 -
: |: /a-r:: (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
3.1. ia asamblea
l+ +s+ac|e+ es |+ a \|a+ |ast+ac|+ de dec|s| a. la e||+ +|t|c|+a
tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs, |cac|es , au,e|es, +|+ d|+|c+|, de||ce|+| ,
tca+| dec|s|caes de ccaseasc scc|e aeces|d+des ccaua+|es c cca
||ctcs. l+ ccacc+tc||+ + |+ +s+ac|e+ es |uac| a de |+s +utc||d+des
, es dece| de |cs ccaua+||cs +s|st||. ls ua es+c|c +a||c de +|t|
c|+c| a, tcdcs t|eaea de|ec|c + e\|es+| ||c|eaeate sus |s|caes,
s|ea|e c+,c e| a+|cc de| |esetc. luede du|+| |+|+s |c|+s s| es
|ec|sc c|ue |c ue se cusc+ es e| ccaseasc. l+s +utc||d+des sca
|escas+c|es de |+ce| cua||| e| a+ad+tc de |+ +s+ac|e+.
3.2. il idioma
/| /4/o: ; -| :|/|4 a .o aa ):|:./ 4a4- a:.- -| 6|/-ra
)ra- :| a:.- |: /aa4:./ a 4- .:4: )a-||
l| |d|ca+ |+c|+dc ea e| te|||tc||c es e| u+|+,c, scc|e tcdcs ea :+|
231 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
+t|e||+, tu|uc , \+u+| , l|uc|c| . le|c |+ cc|+c| a t+ac| a es
c|||a e. la sus +s+ac|e+s ccaua+|es, sue|ea |+c|+| ea su |d|ca+ a+
t|c, c|ue es ua+ |c|a+ de t|+asa|t|| cu|tu|+|aeate |c ue |eas+a
, s|eatea. :|a eac+|c, cu+adc |+, cca||ctcs ea |cs ue t|eaea ue
+|t|c|+| +utc||d+des est+t+|es, |cs u+|+,cs se ea ||a|t+dcs +|+
e\|es+|se ea su |d|ca+. lc a|sac ccu||e ea |cs ,u|c|cs, ese + ue
|+ |e|s|+c| a cc|||+a+ a+a||est+ ue decea ccat+| cca ua t|+ductc|.
-s se |cduce ua c|cue de cu|tu|+s.
/:; a- r-.a.-r a- .a|/ar:|o-a/- -| )a-|| /a4 -a: a:r:;
a )a-4- |:||:r ):r : ):r .a aa ||:a. /a .: 4- .a//./
/-a-o a- a:r /r:4a./r- aa-/r: -a/- o:;ro-a/- |:||: -|
a:r:; ; oa; ). - | a- |:||:o -| .:/-||:a / - :| a-
a/r r-:|/:o -a .a:|a/-r r-|a./ a 4- .a//./ //-a-a
a- -.a.|:r :o|: ):r/- ; |: /r:4a../a- .rr-)a4/-a/-
(lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
lu+|aeate, cu+adc |+, +s+ac|e+s ccaua+|es dcade +|t|c|+a +u
tc||d+des, auc|cs se ea |e|e+dcs de +|t|c|+|, esec|+|aeate |+s
au,e|es ue ea su a+,c| + s |c |+c|+a u+|+,c. le|c t+ac| a e| |d|c
a+ |c|c es ut|||:+dc ccac ua+ est|+te|+: + eces, cu+adc se +a
+ tca+| dec|s|caes cc|ect|+s, |cs ccaua+||cs |dea d|+|c+| ea su
|d|ca+ , s |c desu s t|+asa|tea |cs +cue|dcs + |+s +utc||d+des.
3.3. il ipaye
l| uec|c u+|+,c es ccacc|dc c| |cs ct|cs uec|cs |ad ea+s ccac
ua uec|c a st|cc, dcade se |+ct|c+ ccac +|te de su cu|tu|+ |+ c|u
,e| +. h+, c|u,cs, cu|+ade|cs , +d||acs. l| l+,e es |eset+dc , tea|
dc c|ue se ccas|de|+ ue csee cde|es , | ct|c+s, eae|+|aeate
sec|etcs, ue |cducea e| a+|:
/| |):;- - -| |ra/ a- :.: -| o:| :/-a/ :.: 4-| .a-r) .|::
o:| )a-/ - /-o/4 )ra- |:.- -| o:| - 4-./r :)r-a4- :
o:/:r -a/- (lat|e|st+, 1/e/e,.
! 4//-r-a./: 4- /r )a-|| -a/r- | a:r:; aa: |:
)-ra: -| |):;- -a./-rr: /4 | :|-r- o /. )r/ //. ;
o-4/./a:|- (lat|e|st+, !!: e|,
lcs ccaua+||cs +cudea +| l+,e ccac ua+ |c|a+ de |esc|uc| a de
cca||ctcs. la ct|cs c+scs +|+ ea+|se , |+ce| a+| + sus eaea|cs,
232 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
c ea cusc+ de cu|+c| a, c +|+ dec|e| ua a+|e|c|c.
h+, c+scs, +uaue cccs, ea |cs ue |cs d|||eates c sus |+a|||+|es
cseea este dca, |c ue |+ cc+s|ca+dc ue cu+adc |cs d|||eates
|a|||aea |+s ac|a+s, |+ c+se scc|+| t|eae ue c+||+| c| a|edc + se|
d+ +d+ c eac|u,+d+. lcs ccaua+||cs a+a||est+a ue |+, c|u,cs ue
|+cea e| a+| , ct|cs ue cu|+a, c se+ ue d|st|auea eat|e e| c|ea ,
e| a+| |cductc de |+s | ct|c+s a|s|ca+|es, +uaue ua a|sac c|u,c
uede se| |stc ccac a+|c c| uacs , ccac cueac c| ct|cs. l|
l+,e es ua+ |u|+ |eccacc|d+ ea |+ cu|tu|+ u+|+,+ , |uac|ca+ ccac
|c|a+ de ccat|c| scc|+|.
3.+. il acta
lste |ast|uaeatc |e+| |+ s|dc +|c|+dc c| e| uec|c u+|+,c.
1cd+s |+s dec|s|caes de |+s +s+ac|e+s c |eua|caes , |cs cca||ctcs +
a|e| ccaua+| c te|||tc||+| sca |e|st|+dcs ea ua ||c|c de +ct+s, ue
es ccac |+ aeac||+ ||st ||c+ de |+ c|+a|:+c| a. la |+s +ct+s, |+s
+|tes de ua cca||ctc ||a+a ea se +| de +||e|c, , |+s +utc||d+des
sca |+s eac+|+d+s de d+| seu|a|eatc + su cua||a|eatc. 1+ac| a,
se |e+||:+a +ct+s de ccac|||+c| a eat|e |+ c|+a|:+c| a a+t||: tOl\-t
, |+ tllO ccac |e|eseat+c| a a+c|ca+| , |+s +utc||d+des de| l\k-
+|+ |esc|e| cca||ctcs de scc|ecs|c| a, esec|+|aeate ea |+ kese|+
lc|est+| de tu+|+,cs.
l+s +ct+s t+ac| a se ut|||:+a +|+ |esc|e| cca||ctcs de scc|ecs|c| a
eat|e |cs s|ad|c+tcs +|+||cs , |+s :ca+s +|+||+s. la estcs c+scs +|t|
c|+a |+s +utc||d+des de tOl\-t, e| c+c|ue a+,c| de |+ ccaua|d+d,
e| ,e|e de |+ :ca+ +|+||+, e| |es|deate de |+ O1, |+ ceat|+| , |+s +u
tc||d+des de| l\k-.
/a- 4- aa :a |// 4-| )r||-o: -a/r- |: ):r/- .a |: /a:|/4:4
4- -://:r -| /a/./ 4- |//// ; :a/- -| r/- 4- )-r4-r o -a aa
)|-// a/: )r 4/ -a /a:|r- - /aa/-/a4- /a a- o-4/-
a/a a :/./ a- :aa|- ; |/o//- -| .a-a//o/-a/ |: ):r/-
||-:a :| /a/-a/- :.a-r4 (-ct+ de tcac|||+c| a, 1!/1/+,
3.5. il conttol social
la+ e: ue se ||e+a + +cue|dcs se a aec+a|sacs de |esc|uc| a
233 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
de cca||ctcs, ccac +ct+s c +cue|dcs de ccac|||+c| a ++|+dcs c| |+
|ast|tuc|caes est+t+|es ccac e| l\k-, |+s ccaua|d+des e\|ea + sus
d|||eates , +utc||d+des ue se |es d cua||a|eatc, c+sc ccat|+||c,
|cs ceasu|+a.
3.6. ia matcha
lst+ aed|d+ de |es| a |ue ut|||:+d+ c| ||ae|+ e| + c 1)), cu+adc
|||ua|e|ca |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s ea e| escea+||c
a+c|ca+| +|+ |e||ad|c+| sus de|ec|cs. lec|d|e|ca a+|c|+| c|ue
|+ a+|c|+ t|eae ua s|a||c+dc s|ac ||cc , cu|tu|+| |ac|t+ate, ue
t|eae ue e| cca |+ c sued+ e|a+aeate de |+ t|e||+ s|a a+| c e|
+|+ sc. -dea s, |cs |ad ea+s s|ea|e c+a|a+a, c+a|a+a +|+ eat|+|
+| ccsue, +|+ || +| c|+cc. l+ a+|c|+ de 1)) est+c+ d||||d+ + de
a+ad+| de| lst+dc e| |eccacc|a|eatc de sus de|ec|cs +| te|||tc||c.
a|/4:r aa-/r /-rr//r/ - |: .a-a/4 : /r:: 4- |:
o:r.|: \ |: /4 aa r-:| 4-| 6|/-ra |: /4 |: .aa//: 4-|
)a-|| -a-o ; -a/r-o o:a/-a/-a4 -/: )/./ a ; /-o)r-
|-o /4 r-)-/a 4- |: |-; ; /4 | |-o .a-a/4 .a |:
o:r.|: ):. /.: (lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
lcste||c|aeate, e| + c !!, |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+
,+s de c|||+, ||de||:+dcs c| |+ tcc|d|a+dc|+ de luec|cs ta|ccs de
:+at+ t|u: (tll:t,, |ct+ca|:+|ca |+ M+|c|+ c| |+ :cce|+a + lc
u|+|, e| 1e|||tc||c , |cs kecu|scs \+tu|+|es, dea+ad+adc ua+ -s+a
c|e+ tcast|tu,eate scce|+a+ +|+ |e|uad+| e| + s. l+|+|e|+aeate, |+
tllO c|+a|: ct|+ a+|c|+. la +ac+s +|t|c|+|ca |cac|es , au
,e|es de| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c.
lste aec+a|sac de |uc|+ +dct+dc c| |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de
|+s t|e||+s c+,+s sucae ua+ |+a ac|||:+c| a ea |+ ue +|t|c|+a
|e|eseat+ates de ccaua|d+des |cac|es, au,e|es, , eaes , a| cs
ea |+|+s , s+c|||c+d+s c+a|a+t+s.
3.7. ia [usticia otdinatia
lcs cca||ctcs c| |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es eat|e ccaua+||cs se |e
sue|ea |ate|a+aeate + t|+ s de |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es, e|c
cu+adc sca cca||ctcs cca te|ce|cs, aeces+||+aeate se +cude + |+s
+utc||d+des ccaeteates. :|a eac+|c, +ctu+|aeate es cca a ue
234 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
|cs cca||ctcs t+atc |ate|acs ccac e\te|acs se+a |ea|t|dcs c| |+s
+utc||d+des + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+:
/:/: -| : I| /4:: : - :)|/.:|: |- |-; .oaa//:r/: - 4-./r
|: a:.: -a .a:/r -a/a: aa: :a-|/: )r |: )|::: /: -a/- -
:a/:|: ; /-a : o/-4 ; r-)-/:|: |: |-;- !|r: ;: a - 4: ; -
)ra- |: :a/r/4:4- )r-/-r-a o:a4:r| : |: a|)r-/-./ar: : |:
/|/. : :| /a::4 :r:r/ :aaa- :|-o a- a |:; /a//./:
):r: | )|r- - | ):r: | r/. ):r: | -o)r-:r/ (la
t|e|st+, |/e/e,
-uaue, ea aeac| |+dc, tcd+ + +|ua+s +utc||d+des +||a+a ue
|esue|ea |cs cca||ctcs |ate|a+aeate c+,c su | |c+ cu|tu|+|, +|u
aeat+adc ue |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+ |a+|aeate es +,ea+, d|sc||a|a+,
u|ae|+ |cs de|ec|cs ,, scc|e tcdc, ac e|a|te |+ |e|+c|||t+c| a , |e
cue|+c| a de| ccaua+||c:
|-)-a4- 4-| .: / /a-r: aa: |)/:: ::o )r/o-r :| rr-
/4r )-r / -| .: - -/ :r:::a4 -| rr-/4r a ||:o: :
a/r : aa: r-aa/ a /a/a.- a r-aa/o /4: |: :a/r/4:
4- ; 4- :.a-r4 : - 4-./4/o ; a-4:o -a aa :.a-r4 ):r:
|:.-r aa: ::o||-: ; -| )a-|| o/o 4-/-ro/a: ; :a/r/:: :|
.:./a- !a /4:: : - )a-4- |a./a:r /a/-ra:o-a/- | .://
a .o |: a:.: \ | o:a4:o : |: /|/. : )ra- :||
|- )/4-a )|:/: ; / |- o:a4:a : /:|o:|: a -a/r: -a aa )r.-
4- r-|:|/|//:./ a /a o |/-a - 4:r|- |a:r ):r: a- :a-|:: o
4-|/a.a-a/- / o:a4:o : -/: -a/- a/ a - |:.- r-)a:||-
4- a oa/-r 4- a |// r:/:o 4- |a./a:r -a /ro: /a/-ra:
)-r / a - )a-4- r-.arr/r-o : |: /a//./: r4/a:r/: (lat|e
|st+, 1|/e/e,
la |+ |ctecc| a de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es +ates ac |+c + cca||ctcs,
c|ue e| es+c|c e|+ ua c|ea cc|ect|c ue tea + ue se| +|cec|+dc
|eset+adc |+s ac|a+s. le|c, desde |+ eaet|+c| a de |cs |:r: se
|acaea aue+s | ct|c+s, ccac |+ eat+ , aecc|+dc de |cs |ecu|scs
de| ccsue.
+. XuurCi N ui MiCXNiSMu ui rkiSi N
tu+adc |cs cca||ctcs sca cca te|ce|cs, ea|es+||cs |c|est+|es c +
235 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
a+de|cs, c cca c+aes|acs, |cs ccaua+||cs +dct+a aec+a|sacs de
|es| a +|+ dea+ad+| +| lst+dc su sc|uc| a. l||ae|c, ccac es ccs
tuac|e, se |ateat+ |esc|e| e| cca||ctc de |c|a+ d||ect+ cca |+s +utc
||d+des. lcs acdcs de |esc|uc| a uedea +||+| ccas|de|+adc e| t|c
de cca||ctc, e| |ecu|sc, e| t|c de +ctc|, sus c+|+cte| st|c+s, sus |c|a+s
de |e|+c|ca+a|eatc. le +cue|dc + est+s ccas|de|+c|caes, |+s ceat|+|es
dete|a|a+| a |+s aed|d+s, |+s est|+te|+s , |cs acdcs de |esc|uc| a.
+.1. Xcciones legales
l| uec|c u+|+,c, ea de|eas+ de su te|||tc||c , ea e| a+|cc de| |c
cesc de s+ae+a|eatc , t|tu|+c| a, |+ |ate|uestc +cc|caes c| |+ +
|e+|. h+ |+ate+dc ccse|+c|caes + |cs |esu|t+dcs de este |ccesc,
e\||eadc ue ac se |eccac:c+a |+s cses|caes ||e+|es ue +|ect+a
+| te|||tc||c c |cs ++s+||+a|eatcs. 1+ac| a |+ |ate|uestc +cc|caes
|e+|es scc|e +suatcs |c|est+|es ea ccat|+ de ||+te|cs , ea|es+||cs
ue |+cea t+|+ ||e+| ea e| te|||tc||c. lstc sucae ue |+s +utc||d+des
|eccaccea |+ |ate|eac| a de |+s |ast+ac|+s de| lst+dc , ue cueat+a
cca +cc+dcs ue |cs +sesc|+a , +cca+ +a. lcs +sesc|es se |+a
|ec|c |a|esc|ad|c|es , |cs |ad ea+s u+|+,cs |es t|eaea auc|c |es
etc, + t+| |+dc ue |a|u,ea auc|c ea sus dec|s|caes c| a|c+s.
\ |:.- /:|/: aa :|:4 )ra- /a :|:4 a )4-o
4-/-a4-ra (lat|e|st+, 1/e/e,
+.2. loqueos
l| c|cuec de c+a|acs ccac |c|a+ de |es| a ac e|+ | ct|c+ de
|cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s. l||cs, a s c|ea, scstea +a
ue sca |cs uec|cs de Occ|deate |cs ue ut|||:+a cca ||ecueac|+
este aec+a|sac. le|c ea |uac| a + |cs +cue|dcs cca |+s |ast|tuc|caes
c |c+s de |+ |c|ac|+, |+a +dct+dc est+ |c|a+ de |ctest+ , |es| a
+ |+s +utc||d+des de| l\k- +|+ ||ea+| |cs ++s+||+a|eatcs de t|e||+s:
!a -a 6a:r:; |: .a|/ar: - /r: )-r /:o|/ a -/:o a-
r/-a4 .)/:r )-r a /:a/ /-a- a- |:|-r 4/ | .a -|
|/-ra ; .a |: :a/r/4:4- a- .rr-)a4:a ):r: - -/ a |:
r:a/::./a- )ra- / |:.-o ||a- o:r.|: - - /:|/:
4- r-)-/ (lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
236 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
+.3. uenuncia
:e |+a |ec|c deauac|+s +ate |+s +utc||d+des de| lst+dc, e| le|easc|
de| luec|c, |+ le|e+c| a l|es|deac|+| -at|cc||uc| a +|+ ue est+s
+utc||d+des |ate|ca+a sus c|c|cs.
+.+. Comit de uefensa
l| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c |+ s|dc +|te |ate|+ate de este tca|t ,
|c|a+dc ea +||+a:+ cca +utc||d+des |c|ac|+|es +|+ de|eade| |+s
t|e||+s:
- |: .a/ro:4 aa o// : /r:: 4- . :/. |: :a/r/4:4 /r:
4/./a:| :a:4-r ):r: a- )4:o )r/--r -| /-rr//r/ ; a
/-a:o ::::||:o/-a/ (lat|e|st+, !/]/e,
+.5. Cabildo abietto
lesu s de ua+ a+|c|+ c| e| uec|c, ue cueat+ cca |+ +|t|c|+c| a
de tcdcs |cs c|ud+d+acs de |+ |c|ac|+, se |+ce ua c+c||dc +c|e|tc
+|+ |ctest+| c| |cs cca||ctcs c| |+ t|e||+.
5. iXS SXNCiuNiS
l+s s+ac|caes c c+st|cs c| ac|a+, sca |cc|c|ca+|es + |+ |a||+cc| a
c cca||ctc. 1|eaea ccac |a+||d+d e| |eccacc|a|eatc de |+ |+|t+, e|
+||eeat|a|eatc , |+ |e+|+c| a de| d+ c + t|+ s de |+ |eccac|||+c| a
de +|tes, ccacae| + |+ e|sca+ , |ecue|+| |+ +|aca + ccaua+|
(l|c|es, !|: 1!|,.
l+s s+ac|caes uedea se|:
Motal: tu+adc +|u|ea uec|+at+ |+ ac|a+ est+c|ec|d+, |ec|ce e|
|e|cc|e de |+ cc|ect||d+d , |+ descca|+a:+.
Matetial: l+|+ |e+|+| e| d+ c cc+s|ca+dc, se uede |acae| ua
t|+c+,c ea c|ea de |+ ccaua|d+d.
icon mica: Mu|t+ ea d|ae|c ue es +||c+d+ eae|+|aeate c| e|
tc||e|dc|.
la |+ | |c+ a|s|ca+|, e| c+st|c | s|cc + |cs |ad ea+s ccac ua+ aed|d+
|eeat|+ , educ+t|+ ac est+c+ ea d|scus| a, ,+ ue |cs a|s|cae|cs
237 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
se uc|c+c+a |dec| |c+aeate ea |cs esuea+s ccc|deat+|es. l| | t|c
e|+ usu+| ea |+s M|s|caes ||+ac|sc+a+s , |cs c+st|cs | s|ccs e|+a +|te
eseac|+| de |+ educ+c| a de |cs +d|es (k|este|, :u+:a c+|, 1)):
,. la |+ aeac||+ cc|ect|+ |+, |e|e|eac|+s + est+s |c|a+s de c+st|c
+da|a|st|+d+s c| |cs cu|+s cca ||ecueac|+, ccac se +|ec|+ ea e|
s|u|eate |e|+tc:
!a/- -| .:// -r: r::- l o- :.a-r4 oa; |/-a (aa: )-ra:;
.o-/ : :| a -rrr - |: -a.-rr:|: - .://:|: -a |: /./a: -a
-| .-) ; |- 4:|:a a:.: aa 4/-: ./o|ra- ` ! -r: -|
.:// 4- |: -a/- ; 4- :| | |:r:|:a : /r:|:/:r !a/- -r:a |
/r:/|- a/-a- r4-a:|:a ; | a- |:. :a -r:a .:./a- |
.:|/|4:a/- -|| -r:a | /a-r/- a- o:a-/:|:a |: -a/- o:a/-
a :a |: -4a.:./ a a- a .o-/:a a:4: -|| ://|:|:a :| )a-
|| /a - : a - .a. : |: /|/. : / -r: -a I| )r :|
(lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
le|c t+ac| a se +|+a ue |+ u+sc+ ac s |c e|+ ua+ |c|a+ de s+ac| a
educ+t|+ s|ac t+ac| a de scaet|a|eatc, de |ua|||+c| a, de d|sc||
a|a+c| a. l| +t| a tea + de|ec|c + u+sue+| + |cs t|+c+,+dc|es ue
suuest+aeate ac cua| +a |+s t+|e+s +s|a+d+s:
/a -| r /o-a |/|-r:| 4:|:a a:.: ):r: a- /r:|:/-a ; o:/:|:a
: a:.: : | -o)|-:4 -o)|-:4: : | a- /r:|:/:a ):r: |
):/ra- :a |:| : -| .-) | 4-/:|:a /4: |: a.|- :|| 4ro :
(lat|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
l+ |e|s|+c| a cc|||+a+ |eccacce + |+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s , c+a
es|a+s ccac su,etcs cc|ect|cs de de|ec|c , |es |+cu|t+ |+ +da|a|s
t|+c| a , e| e,e|c|c|c de |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ ccac sc|uc| a +|te|
a+t|+ de cca||ctcs +| s|stea+ c|d|a+||c, ea cca|c|a|d+d + sus uscs
, ccstuac|es, s|ea|e ue ac se+a ccat|+||cs + |+ tcast|tuc| a , |+s
|e,es. l+ |e, cca+t|c|||:+ est+s |uac|caes cca |+s +t||cuc|caes de |cs
cde|es de| lst+dc (-|t cu|c 11, +| |+|cs l, ll , lll de| t d|c de
l|cced|a|eatc lea+|,. lste +|uaeatc |ue +sua|dc c| |+s +utc||
d+des +|+ |ad|c+| ue ,+ ac se dece +||c+| |+s |c|a+s de s+ac| a
dea||+ates , ue |c|+a |cs de|ec|cs |ua+acs. -s , +|ua+s |c|a+s
de s+ac| a, ccac e| cec, est a des+|ec|eadc. la c+ac|c, cu+adc
se |+ce |e|e|eac|+ + |+ u+sc+, +|uacs eat|e|st+dcs a+a||est+a ue
238 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
se |+ ut|||: |+st+ |cs + cs ), e|c ue desu s se |ue e|d|eadc,
|cductc de |cs c+ac|cs ea |+ |e|s|+c| a , de |+ d|a a|c+ ||st ||c+:
!a/- - .://:|: : |: )-ra: a- .o-/ : aa 4-|// r::- /| .:
./a- -r: -| a- 4-/-ro/a:|: ; 4-. : |a-a : -/- - r |:; a-
a:a-:r| -a .:4: -a/a: 4- |: )|::: /-r |:.- aa ./a.
-/ : /a- |: |//o: a:a-:4: a- - |-.| : aa oa.|:.|
a- )- : a ):4r- /-r 4-4- -- -a/a.- |:/: :|r: |: :a/
r/4:4- a .a./-a/- 4- a- -\//-a |-;- ):r: .://:r : |: )-r
a: /a/r:./r: a- .o-/:a :| a 4-|// ; )r-/-r-a a- -:a
-/: /a/:a./: |: a- )r--r:-a -| r4-a (lat|e|st+, 1]/e/e,
-uaue auc|cs eat|e|st+dcs +||a+a ue se |+ e|d|dc est+ |c|a+
de s+ac| a, |+, ct|cs ue se +|+a ue ea c+scs e\cec|ca+|es se
|+ +||c+, scc|e tcdc ea cc|+c|caes +|e,+d+s de |+ c+||ete|+, dcade
tcd+ + e|s|stea |+s |c|a+s cu|tu|+|es. lc ue s se uede +||a+|
es ue |+ u+sc+ ac se +||c+ ea |cs cca||ctcs de eat+ de |ecu|scs
a+tu|+|es.
l+s s+ac|caes sca d|a a|c+s, se +dct+a , |ec|e+a aue+s |c|a+s,
deead|eadc de |cs c+scs , |+s aeces|d+des, e|c s|ea|e tea|eadc
ea cueat+ ue |+, ue |eeac+u:+| +| |e|a+ac + |+ |d+ ccaua+|:
/a| -| .: 4- aa - r a- a | |/: )ra- a/ |:.-r| /a
)ra- -/:|: |rr:.| /| a/ -/:|: 4aro/-a4 -a aa: |:o:
.: -a/a.- -| |rr:.| :/a ; - -a/ ; | :)|:/ | o:/ /a
/a.- .a:a4 |: :a/r/4:4- /a/-r:/a/-ra a-r :a )::r| : |:
/a//./: r4/a:r/: )-r -a |: r-aa/ a - .a./-a//: : |: -a/- 4-
a- | a | |/: 4- o:a-r: .a./-a/- -| |o|r- a | .o-// -a
a ./a. -a//4 /a -: ::o||-: - 4-/-ro/a a- - .://a-
:| - r a- a :|: 4- |: .oaa/4:4 4ar:a/- ./a. : ; a
)a-4- /r : /r |:4 : /r:|:/:r ; .a:a4 a-.-//-a o:a 4- |r:
-a |: .oaa/4:4 |: :a/r/4:4- 4-/a:a : -/: )-ra: ):r: a-
r-:|/.- /r:|:/ /:|- .o |/o)/-:: 4- |: )|::: 4- |: |:aa: :|
aa: .:||- /| rr-/4r - a/-a |:.- .ao)|/r -| .:// (la
t|e|st+, 1+/e/e,
!a |a| aa .: |- )a/-ra aa ):| .o |- )a-a : | |a-
;- ; :/ . o |- |/./-ra 4:r :-/a/- :a-|/: -a |: )|::: / /a- -|
239 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
:a/-: )::4 a |:.- oa.| //-o) / /a- )r a- |- 4:|:
oa.| : a oa/-r )ra- |: a-r : o:/:r )-r :|r: ;: - /a-
ra : :a/: ra: | 4 (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
/a| aa .: 4- aa //) a- |:| : :)a :|:4 : /r ; -| .://
4- |: .oaa/4:4 /a- a- | a|/-ra -a./o: 4- aa /arr/| -a o-4/
4-| | ):r: a- - -/ :| /4 -| 4 : / a - r//a:r/ )ra-
- a /-a :a | a:r:; (lat|e|st+, 1|//e,
l+ tOl\-t cueat+ cca est+tutcs ue de|aea su c+| cte| c|+a|:+t|c.
l+s s+ac|caes ue est+c|ece sca:
l+s s+ac|caes +| d||ectc||c de |+ tOl\-t sca |auest+s c| |+
|+a +s+ac|e+ eae|+|, |+ +s+ac|e+ ccasu|t|+ , +s+ac|e+ |ate|cc
aua+|.
-acaest+c| a e|c+| c esc||t+.
:useas| a t|+as|tc||+ de |uac|caes.
:useas| a de |uac|caes.
:| |+ +cc| a +ae||t+, |ea|s| a + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+.
l+ |ea|s| a + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+ es ua+ s+ac| a ue |+st+ e| acaeatc
ac se |+ +||c+dc.
l+s ua|d+des ccaua+|es de |cducc| a, ue sca ua|d+des ded|c+d+s
+ |+ +ct||d+d |c|est+|, cueat+a cca ac|a+s ue est+c|ecea |+|t+s ,
s+ac|caes. lat|e |+s |+|t+s |+es se se +|+ e| |ccc, s+cct+,e , ||+te
| + eat|e ct|cs, , t+ac| a |+, |+|t+s |ees. l+s s+ac|caes sca ||+a+d+
de +teac| a, suseas| a de| t|+c+,c , |ea|s| a + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+.
tcac |c se +|+ e| +|t cu|c 1): -ue||+s |+|t+s ue |e|eseatea ua
e|,u|c|c ecca a|cc +|+ |+ ccaua|d+d , ue |a|esea +| c+ac de|
c|dea c||cc se| a deauac|+d+s +| a|a|ste||c c||cc c |ate|uest+s
+ate |cs t||cua+|es c|d|a+||cs.
240 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
M todo uatvatd (MXkC)
Modos otiginatios de
tesoluci n de conictos
(MukC)
lcs a tcdcs +|te|a+t|cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs acs
c||ad+a |+ cc| a de aecc|+| de a+ae|+ ccce|+t|+
d||e|eates cca||ctcs ea dete|a|a+dcs a|e|es ,+ ue, c|
e,ea|c, |+s d|sut+s ea e| |e+ ea+| ac sca suscet|c|es
de aecc|+c| a + t|+ s de |+ + de |cs M-kt.
l| d| |cc est ccatea|+dc ccac ua+ |c|a+ de
aecc|+c| a s|a +c,c, es dec||, cu+adc |+s +|tes
se s|eatea |e+|+d+s +|+ |esc|e| sus cca||ctcs
s|a |+ +,ud+ de ua te|ce|c (|+c|||t+dc|, aed|+dc|,
ccac|||+dc|,. lc |ate|es+ate de| d| |cc es e| a+,c|
|+dc de |ate|eac| a de |+s +|tes , e| aeac| |+dc de
|ate|eac| a de ua te|ce|c ea e| cca||ctc.
l+ aecc|+c| a dece + +|t|| de |ate|eses |cc+|es , ac
de cs|c|caes |eccacec|d+s.
lste a tcdc |+ate+ ue se dece se| du|c cca e|
|cc|ea+, ea t+atc se tea+ ue |c|+| cc,et|cs se dece
se| ||ae. le|c cca |+ e|sca+ |+, ue se| su+e, ac
|+|t+||e +| |esetc , dece |+ce| ua+ ccaua|c+c| a |u|d+,
cca+|t|eadc |a|c|a+c| a, cusc+adc ua+ ea+t + +|+
s+t|s|+ce| +| ct|c +| t|eac ue se +|c+a:+a |cs |ate|eses
|+ate+dcs.
lste a tcdc |+ce |e|e|eac|+ eae|+| + |+ cu|tu|+, e|c
ac |c|uad|:+ este e|eaeatc, ac ccas|de|+ |+ d|e|s|d+d
cu|tu|+| , ue c+d+ uec|c |ad ea+ t|eae sus acdcs
de |esc|e| cca||ctcs ue se c+s+a ea |cs uscs ,
ccstuac|es.
la e| c+sc de| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c,
a s ue |+c|+| de ua a tcdc |+c|+acs
de acdcs c aec+a|sacs de |esc|uc| a de
cca||ctcs ue t|eaea ue e| cca | ct|c+s
cu|tu|+|es.
lcs acdcs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs
sca d|e|scs, s| c|ea ||a+a e| d| |cc , e|
ccaseasc, e\|stea ct|cs aec+a|sacs ue
t|eaea ue e| cca |cs ||ac||cs, ac|a+s,
+|c|es, s acc|cs , ||tu+|es de| uec|c
u+|+,c.
lcs ccaseascs ac s |c se cusc+a + a|e|
|ate|ac s|ac cca |cs d|e|scs +ctc|es sc
c|+|es , e| lst+dc. :| c|ea + eces +dct+a
aec+a|sacs de |es| a, ccac |+ a+|c|+,
ea tcdc e| |ccesc de aecc|+c| a est
|eseate e| d| |cc.
la e| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c, s| c|ea de
cea ||a+| |cs |ate|eses cc|ect|cs, ccac
e| |eccacc|a|eatc ||st ||cc + ccat+| cca
ua te|||tc||c, + eces se scc|ecaea |cs |a
te|eses e|sca+|es. :|a eac+|c, e\|ste |+
| |c+ de ue |cs ||ac||cs ac se aecc|+a,
c| e,ea|c, e| te|||tc||c, ue es e| de|e
c|c + |+ |d+.
la e| uec|c u+|+,c |c ue se cusc+
cca |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs es ue
se a+atea+ |+ +|aca + ccaua+|, ue
se |ecue|e +| |e|a+ac, de a+ae|+ ue
u|ea +ae se+ |+ ccaua|d+d, es dec|| |cs
|ate|eses cc|ect|cs.
l+|+ e| uec|c u+|+,c, ua e|eaeatc |t+|
+|+ +|+at|:+| |+ ccaua|c+c| a |u|d+
es e| |d|ca+, ue e|a|te + |+ e|sca+
e\|es+|se cca a s ||ce|t+d.
l| uec|c u+|+,c |ec|+a+ ue ea |+
|esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs se dece teae| ea
cueat+ |+ d|e|s|d+d cu|tu|+| , |+s d||e|eac|+s
decea se| t|+duc|d+s ea |+ +cet+c| a ,
|esetc de| acdc de se| de| ct|c.
la |e|e|eac|+ + |+s s+ac|caes, cdeacs se +|+| ue +|ec|e|+ ue se
|+ e|d|dc e| ccat|c| scc|+|, |+ ceasu|+ cc|ect|+ , ue tcdc est e|
a|t|dc. :| c|ea |cs ccaua+||cs a+a||est+a su ac|est|+ c| +|ua+s
+cc|caes, ac se |+ce a+d+ c| seat+| |ecedeates. -| a|sac t|eac,
s| c|ea se est a e|+cc|+adc |e|+aeatcs ue +,udea + ac|a+| e| usc
de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es cca +c,c de +sesc|es e\te|acs, se e|dea
c|+ ue se d+ ||c||d+d +| de|ec|c c|d|a+||c, |a|s|c|||:+adc |cs ||a
c||cs , ac|a+s cu|tu|+|es de| uec|c |ad ea+ u+|+,c.
6. uiiikiNCiXS SiMiii1iuiS iN1ki ii M 1uuu
uXkvXku iuS MuuuS uki6iNXkiuS ui
kiSuiiCi N ui CuNiiiC1uS (MukC)
1. ikX6iiiuXu uk6XNi2X1ivX
O/\!6 /aa./a: .a ):4r/a:: )| //. a- //-a-a /a/-r--
)-ra:|- /a/a.- |: |:- -a a/ a :: : .a/:r ! a/ a -
:: : a-/:r //- //) 4- )r-/ a a -/ -a |: | /.: 4- |: .a|/ar:
a:r:;:
h+, ua+ e||te d|||eac|+| |ad ea+ ue se |e|+c|ca+ cca |cs |ucs de
cde| c| t|cc , ecca a|cc de |+ |e| a + t|+ s de +d||a+:cs, es
t+c|ece cca estcs |ucs +||+a:+s ea |uac| a + |+ |ecead+, +ctcs de
cc||uc| a, t| |cc de t|e||+s , |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. lst+ e||te |ad ea+
c:+ de ||||e|cs ue |e e|a|te +|+at|:+| su e|a+aeac|+ de |+ctc
ea |+ c|+a|:+c| a. -dea s, est a+|c+d+ c| e| |est||c de| ccacc|
a|eatc , e| s+ce|, |cductcs de |+ c++c|t+c| a, ue |cs ut|||:+a ccac
|ast|uaeatc de scaet|a|eatc + su uec|c. 1|eae ccat|c| scc|e |+s
c+ses, ac e|a|te ue se |a|c|aea scc|e |cs +ctcs de cc||uc| a ,
CXr 1iiu v
impacto de los conictos
en la 1Cu
242 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
eat+ de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es ea e| te|||tc||c, |a|de, |ac|usc, ue
|+s |ast|tuc|caes t|+c+,ea ea |+ :ca+. lstcs e\ d|||eates t|+c+,+a ea
ccc|d|a+c| a cca |cs |ucs de cde|, a+ae,+a |cs se||cs c|+a|:+t|
cs +|+ ++|+| dccuaeatcs de eat+ de t|e||+ c |+ce| +||+a:+s.
h/r- |-o /-a/4 o:| 4/r/-a/- ; - a |:.- )r||-o:
.a//./ )ra- : -):|4: 4- a/r -|| |:a .-r///.:4 aa-
/r: //-rr: /r -/-o)| - |:a ||-::4 | ):)-|- : /: /:: .a
ao|r- 4- | a- -/ a :/|/:4 ; )r -a./o: 4- - -/: //-rr:
a- -/ a : ao|r- 4- |: .oaa/4:4 | o:| 4/r/-a/- |: |:a
a-./:4 : -):|4: 4- |: )-ra: a- -/ a :/|/:4: (lat|e
|st+, 1+/e/e,
lese + |cs |ec|cs deacst|+dcs de cc||uc| a c+s| a+d+ se |+ |ec|c
+|+ s+ac|ca+||cs, c|ue |cs e\ d|||eates, scc|e tcdc |cs |uad+dc
|es de |+ tOl\-t, t|eaea auc|+ |e|t|a|d+d ea |+ c+se scc|+|. :e |es
d+ auc|+s cc|tua|d+des, c|ue e\|ste |+ | |c+ de ue |+, s+|+|
+| |e|a+ac , ac e|de||c. lst+ |s| a t|eae ue e| cca e| |e+dc de
|+s M|s|caes, c| |+ d||e|eac|+ eat|e e| c|ea , e| a+|.
l| cuest|ca+a|eatc + |cs d|||eates |eae de |+s +utc||d+des , de |cs
ccaua+||cs. :|a eac+|c, ea auc|cs c+scs, ese + ccat+| cca |ue
c+s ue deauest|+a ue |+a ccaet|dc +ctcs ue +|ect+a e| c|ea cc
a a, es dec|| e| te|||tc||c , |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es, |+s +s+ac|e+s ac
|cs |ate|e|+a ea |cs es+c|cs ue cc||escade, ued+adc es+s |+|t+s
ea |+ |aua|d+d.
lstcs |ec|cs de cc||uc| a, +dea s, |+a eae|+dc ua+ |c|uad+ d|
|s| a |ate|a+ ea e| uec|c u+|+,c. l+ tOl\-t |uac|ca+ +||e+d+ +
|cs a+ad+tcs de| tllO, ue s|ea|e |+ tea|dc ua+ cs|c| a ||ae
||eate + est+s deauac|+s. la +|uacs c+scs, se |+a +||+dc + |cs |ucs
de cde|. la c+ac|c, ct|+ ||+cc| a se |+ +||+dc + |+ tll:t, ue |+ te
a|dc ua+ cs|c| a a s ccatuadeate ea cu+atc + deauac|+| e| t| |cc
de a+de|+.
/r /r |:4 a )4-o o-a//r -a |: .oaa/4:4- -a |: o/o:
r:a/::./ a |:; -- 4/://a/o aa a/-r-a -| |/-a .o a ;
/r a/-r-a -r:/r- 4- |: O -r:/r- 4- |: |-; /a/-r)r-/:r |:
|-; : a o:a-r: )-r .a :); 4- /r: -a/- -| )4-r -.a o/.
243 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
-| )4-r )| //. - - -| )r||-o: -| .a//./ a- |:; -a |:
.oaa/4:4- (lat|e|st+, 1|/e/e,
-ctu+|aeate, s|uea |cs cca||ctcs c|+a|:+t|cs, ue auc|+s eces
se |eteade |esc|e| ccacc+adc + dcs +s+ac|e+s +|+|e|+s dcade se
|ateat+ tca+| e| cde| aed|+ate aec+a|sacs de ||+cc|ca+a|eatc de
|+s ceat|+|es, cc+s|ca+adc a s d||s| a , cca||ctcs eat|e |+s |+a|||+s
u+|+,+s. l| ||esc es ue +ate este +| a, +|uacs ac dud+a ea cusc+|
+c,c de |ast|tuc|caes , +utc||d+des |cc+|es, dec|||t+adc + a a s |+
|| || c|+a|:+c| a u+|+,+.
2. rikCirCiuNiS uii 1ikki1ukiu
/- 4; -| -/-o)| 4- :|:://-rr: !a/- a/-4 :- : -a :|:://-rr:
)| /:a o:4ar /-a :a a :||/a//: a |:| : a-.-/4:4 4- ||-::r
|a-: 4- :. 4- |: ./a4:4 a/ :rr: !|r: -a :-: 4- a- : aa-/r:
-a/- |- -a- -o : /r:|:/:r ; a- - :a/:|:/-:.:a a- -||
o/o o:a-/-a a r-.ar -/:o a//:a4 |: ):|: 4- a
o:a )ra- -)-r:o a- | )|:a- 4- o:a-/ a |-a-/./-a
; a /r:/:a )|:/: a- - |-a-/./-a o-aa:|o-a/- /-r a
-a- :o .a -/ | r-./|-a )|:/: ; /4: |: o-r.:4-r : ):r: a
.aao ||-::a 4- |: ./a4:4 4- :. 4- |: .:)//:| 4- 6a:r:; !
o .o a:r:; a o- ):r-.- |/-a )ra- -/:r :o /a.a|.:a4
: |: -a/- /r: /ro: 4- :/4: (lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
!a/a/ /r:a. (//6!!///; o:a//-/ 6a:r:; - )a-4- .a
:-r//r -a aa: //-rr: 4- a:4/- 4a4- /o)-r- |: |-; 4-| o /a-r/- |
a- -/ )::a4 -a -| |a:r //-a4- : .a:-r//r- -a )-|/r /r-
./:o-a/- -a -| )::4 /ao-4/:/ - |:a 4:4 .: 4- r::-4:4
.o -| a.-4/4 -a |: .oaa/4:4 \a-:: |-ra:| a 4/)a/:4: )r
):r//.a|:r- a- /a.|a aa 4- -|| /r:|:4 :|aa a/-/ :a//
./:|- ):r: |r:r -| 4-:|/ 4-| /r a- - .r- : )r)/-/:r/ 4-
-- |a:r (/| |-|-r, !+,
-dea s, |cs te|ce|cs a+a||est+a ue |cs cca||ctcs se d+a c|ue |cs
u+|+,cs sca |cs ue t|+|c+a sus t|e||+s, , ue |+ dea+ad+ ac dece
|ccede| c|ue es auc|+ t|e||+ +|+ |cs |ad ea+s, ue ac |+ |cdu
cea, ac |+cea usc ccae|c|+| de| ccsue, a| cueat+a cca +|te|a+t|+s
de des+||c||c.
244 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
|r- -| /-o: 4- | .a//./ -a -| )a-|| a:r:; |:; :-r/a-
4- a/r .o a:r:; ; |: :-r/a- 4- ./-r/: )-ra: .o
| /-r.-r / )r)/-/:r/ 4/.-a a- | a:r:; |:o-a/- //-
a-a a 4-o:a4: a O ):r: .r/:r oa// )ra- a - -/ a
4:a4 a : | |a- (lat|e|st+, !/]/e,
lcs cca||ctcs ea e| te|||tc||c |cducea c+ac|cs ea |cs +t|caes de
usc , a+ae,c de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es, dcade ||a+ |+ | |c+ ae|
c+at|| +ates ue e| c|ea ccaua+|. \ dcade e| te|||tc||c es usu||uctu+
dc c| uacs cu+atcs a+|cs ccaua+||cs ue e|+a c| sus |ate|eses
|ad||du+|es de,+adc de |+dc |cs ||ac||cs , +|c|es cu|tu|+|es:
// -r: ):r: |-a-/./:r : /4: |: -a/- r//a:r/: -)-./:|o-a/-
-a |: //-rr: )-r |: |:|/4 o:| 4/r/-a/- a- |:a -\/r/a:4
|: |a-a: /- 4- | /a4 -a: ; |:a |-.| | a- |:a a-r/4 .a |:
//-rr: |-a-/./:a4 : aa .a:a/ ; 4-/:a4 4- |:4 : |: -a/-
)|r- a- a-.-//: (lat|e|st+,
l| t| |cc ||e+| de t|e||+s, ea e| ue est a |ac|uc|+dcs e\ d|||eates
, |uac|ca+||cs de| l\k-, |+ |ccc+dc ue e| te|||tc||c se+ |stc c|
|cs |:r: ccac ua es+c|c cca ua due c ue ac +|c|+ su te|||tc||c,
ue ac se +|c|+ a| t|eae ua seat|dc de e|teaec + , ue ac |eas+
ea e| |utu|c de sus ||,cs. lc| e||c es ccas|de|+dc ua |e+ dcade ||
a+ |+ |e, de| a s |ue|te, |cs |ate|eses ecca a|ccs , c| t|ccs. lstc
uede teae| ccasecueac|+s ae|+st+s s| |+ c|+a|:+c| a ac cae ua
+|tc , ccast|u,e +|t|c|+t|+aeate est|+te|+s de ccat|c| te|||tc||+|,
est|+te|+s +|+ |ate|ea|| ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs , s| ac |a|c|+
ua |ccesc de |eest|uctu|+c| a de su d|||eac|+.
3. CuNuiCiuNiS rXkX iX kiSuiiCi N ui CuNiiiC1uS
Que |+s +utc||d+des ccac:c+a , |esetea |+ cu|tu|+ u+|+,+.
keset+| e| |d|ca+ u+|+,c, c|ue e|a|te e\|es+|se ||c|eaeate.
/| a:r:; a- a :|- .:/-||:a - / o/4 a - :a/o: :
.a/-:r :| 4-aaa./:r :| -a .:o|/ -| a:r:; a- :|-
aa ). 4- .:/-||:a )r o a- | |a|/-r: |-.| -| 4-|//
-| -rrr - :4-|:a/: ; 4-aaa./: : |: : .//o: ; r-a|/: a- |:
: .//o: :|- .o |: )-ra: a- .o-// -| 4-|//
tca|eade| ue e| d| |cc es ua +|c| |ac|t+ate +|+ |esc|e|
cca||ctcs , ue |cs u+|+,cs |c ut|||:+a |+st+ +ct+||c.
245 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
Que |+s +utc||d+des +,+a + d|+|c+| +| |u+| de |cs cca||ctcs.
tcacce| |+ |cc|ea t|c+ de| te|||tc||c u+|+,c.
:+ce| ue c| ||stc||+, e| u+|+,c es c+t ||cc , c|e,eate.
tcacce| , |eset+| + |+ c|+a|:+c| a , sus |ast+ac|+s de tca+ de
dec|s|caes , ccasu|t+ + |+s c+ses.
tcacce| |+s |e,es , de|ec|cs ue |cteea + |cs uec|cs |ad e
a+s, ccac e| tcaea|c 1e) de |+ Ol1 , |+ tcast|tuc| a lc| t|c+.
+. rkuriiS1XS
/ra- :|r: |: -a/- - o 4-)/-r/: ; //-a- /a/-r -a a //-rr:
\ .o :a/- a- -| |:r: a //r:|: aa .:r:/:: ; a-4 |:o
|ao/||:4 /r - - a-.-//: .:):.//:r- |r- /4 -a 4-r-.|
4-| /a4 -a: (lat|e|st+, 1!/e/e,
lat|e |+s +|te|a+t|+s de sc|uc| a ue |+ate+a |cs d|||eates, ,
ccaua+||cs eat|e|st+dcs |es+|t+a:
keeac+u:+| e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc ea e| te|||tc||c, e,e|c|eadc
ccat|c| scc|+|.
hcaest|d+d , t|+as+|eac|+ de +|te de |+ d|||eac|+ ea |+ |esc|u
c| a de cca||ctcs.
l+ |e+||:+c| a de ua c+c||dc +c|e|tc cca +|t|c|+c| a de tcdcs
+|+ cusc+| sc|uc|caes + |+ |cc|ea t|c+ te|||tc||+|.
-|te|a+t|+s de des+||c||c |ate|+| +ut acac ue tea+a ccac
c+se |+ |deat|d+d cu|tu|+| ccast|u|d+ +|t|c|+t|+aeate , ue s||
+a +|+ ae,c|+| |+ c+||d+d de |d+ , e| c|eaest+| de |+s |+a|||+s
u+|+,+s.
lacc|c|+c| a + |+ eccaca + |e|ca+|, ue |es e|a|t+ ccaet||
ea e| ae|c+dc ea ae,c|es ccad|c|caes.
:eu|| +cst+adc c| |cs |+aes de a+ae,c |c|est+| aet+aeate
a+de|+c|es, +uaue |+ e\ect+t|+ de |+ -scc|+c| a es +c+|c+|
t+ac| a e| +|cec|+a|eatc de |ecu|scs ac a+de|+c|es.
la|eade| |ccescs de c++c|t+c| a d||||dcs + |+ |esc|uc| a de
cca||ctcs.
l|cace| |+ cu|tu|+ u+|+,+, esec|+|aeate eat|e |cs , eaes,
+|+ ue ccac:c+a |+ e|d+de|+ |e+||d+d de sus uec|cs , |e+||
aea su |deat|d+d cu|tu|+|.
k+t||c+| ue e| aec+a|sac a s +ce|t+dc +|+ ccace|t+| , sc|uc|c
a+| |cs |cc|ea+s es e| d| |cc.
l+ e|+cc|+c| a de ac|a+s +|t|c|+t|+s ea e| te|||tc||c, |esc+t+a
dc |cs ||ac||cs , +|c|es de| uec|c u+|+,c.
lc|t+|ece| |+s e\e||eac|+s scc|e a+ae,c |c|est+| cca c++c|t+c| a
+|+ ue |+s ccaua|d+des +da|a|st|ea sus ea|es+s.
lc|t+|ece| |+ tOl\-t, |eest|uctu|+adc |+ d|||eac|+ cca e|sc
a+s a s |escas+c|es ue +ct ea cca t|+as+|eac|+ , ue e|ea
c| |cs |ate|eses de tcdcs.
la |+ | |c+ de| uec|c u+|+,c, e| es+c|c a|s|ca+| es +|c|+dc , e\|s
te ua seat|dc de e|teaeac|+, e|c ac ccu||e |c a|sac cca e| |e+
dea+ad+d+. \c |+, ua |ccesc de +|c|+c| a te|||tc||+| c| +|te
de |cs |ad ea+s.
l+ ke|c|a+ -|+||+ |ue ua |+ctc| de desest|uctu|+c| a de |+ te|||tc||+
||d+d. 1uc ua |a+ctc ae+t|c ea |+ :ca+, |acc|c| +|es|+aeate
ea |+ | |c+ |ad ea+ |+ +|ce|+c| a , ae|c+at|||:+c| a de |+ t|e||+,
scc|eca|eadc |+ |s| a |ad||du+| + |+ cc|ect|+. -s|a|sac, ccasc||d
|+s |+ades |+c|ead+s , +c|| |+ ue|t+ de eat|+d+ + |+ cc|ca|:+c| a.
l+s cc+s eces ue |ate||ac e| lst+dc ea |+ |cc|ea t|c+ de| te|||tc
Conclusiones y
tecomendaciones
248 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
||c, cc+s|ca |+ desest|uctu|+c| a c| t|c+, c|+a|:+t|+ , cu|tu|+| de|
uec|c u+|+,c. l| a|sac lst+dc e|+ ua+ |ast+ac|+ cc||ut+ ue |a|
c| |+ ea+,ea+c| a de| te|||tc||c e|a|t|eadc |+ eat|+d+ + |cs |:r: .
tca |+ eat|+d+ de |cs +a+de|cs, ea|es+||cs a+de|e|cs , cc|cacs,
e| te|||tc||c se cca||t| ea ua+ ae|c+ac +, de |+ cu+| |cs |ad ea+s
ac t|eaea seat|dc de +|c|+c| a , se s||ea de | +|+ |ac|eaeat+|
sus |a|escs, ead| adc|c + |ec|c de +|||a+ aue|t+ +|+ ue ct|cs
ued+a s+c+| ae,c| |cec|c , usu||uctc.
l+ 1tO tu+|+,cs es ua c+sc +|+d|a t|cc ue auest|+ ea tcd+ su
e\teas| a |+ |cc|ea t|c+ de| +ccesc + |+ t|e||+ , |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+
|es. lst+ |cc|ea t|c+ t|eae ue e| cca |+ cca|e,|d+d de |cs |+ctc
|es ||st ||ccs , |+ d|e|s|d+d , ||ue:+ de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es ue
se cca|e|tea ea |+ ||ac|+| act|+c| a de |cs te|ce|cs, ue e,e|cea
|es| a c| |+ dea+ad+ de ae|c+dc de |cs |ecu|scs, des|+:+adc
c+d+ e: a s + |cs due cs de| |u+| de| usc , +ccesc + |cs |ecu|scs
a+tu|+|es.
la |+ ccacec| a de| uec|c u+|+,c, e| |acua||a|eatc c descce
d|eac|+ de ac|a+s esc||t+s (|e,es, est+tutcs, |e|+aeatcs, , ac es
c||t+s (ac|a+s ac|+|es, cu|tu|+|es, |e|||cs+s, es e| ||ac|+| |+ctc|
deseac+dea+ate de cca||ctcs. \c ccedece| c ac +c+t+| |+s ac|a+s
de| eatc|ac |+a|||+|, ccaua+|, scc|+| c c| t|cc,u| d|cc eae|+ desc|
dea , +|es| a eat|e u|eaes cca|ea c+,c es+s ac|a+s.
lcs ||ac|+|es cca||ctcs ea e| te|||tc||c sca e| t| |cc de t|e||+s, |+
e\|ct+c| a ||e+| de a+de|+ , |+ c+ce| + ||e+| de +a|a+|es s||est|es,
+ct||d+des ue sca +t|cc|a+d+s c| |ate|eses ecca a|ccs , c| t|
ccs ue ac se uedea deauac|+| a| s+ac|ca+|.
lcs cca||ctcs ea |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs |cducea c+ac|cs cu|tu|+|es |e|+
c|ca+dcs cca |+s ac|a+s , |+s |e|+c|caes |at|+ccaua+|es. l+ |es| a ,
e| |+dc de +|t|cu|+c| a cca e| ae|c+dc ue se eae|+ c| e| +ccesc
, +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es |cs e\cae + |ate|+ctu+|
cca +eates e\te|acs ea ccad|c|caes de deseat+,+. l| uec|c u+|+
,c tcd+ + ac t|eae ua+ |esuest+ +|+ |+ce| ||eate + est+s ccad|c|c
aes de deseat+,+ , +dct+ aue+s | ct|c+s, +,ea+s + su cu|tu|+, ccac
|+ eat+ de t|e||+s.
249 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
lu|+ate e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc se |+a |cduc|dc |ec|cs ue
+teat+|ca ccat|+ |cs |ate|eses de| uec|c |ad ea+, ea |cs ue |+a
est+dc |ac|uc|+dcs e\ d|||eates de |+ tOl\-t , |uac|ca+||cs de|
l\k-, u|eaes + c+ac|c de d|ae|c ccac|||+|ca cca suuestcs |c|e
t+||cs ue ac cua| +a cca |+ |uac| a ecca a|ccscc|+| , ue, ea
+|uacs c+scs, tea +a |cc|ea+s de sue|cs|c| a cca e| |e+ de |e
se|+ |c|est+|.
lese + ccacce| |cs +ctcs de cc||uc| a de estcs d|||eates, au, ccc
c a+d+ se |+ |ec|c +|+ s+ac|ca+||cs. l+ e\||c+c| a ue eaccat|+
acs +|+ este |ec|c es ue ea |+ |s| a |ad ea+ se d+ auc|+s cc|
tua|d+des +|+ |eeac+u:+| + |cs |e|a+acs ue |+a ccaet|dc ua+
|+|t+.
la |e|e|eac|+ + |+s ac|a+s , +|c|es ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs,
ccse|+acs ue se est a e|d|eadc c| |+ |acc|c|+c| a de | ct|c+s
+,ea+s + |+ | |c+ de| uec|c u+|+,c. lst+s | ct|c+s +,ea+s est a es
t|ec|+aeate |e|+c|ca+d+s +| ac|tc ecca a|cc , +| ae|c+dc c + |+s
ac|a+s de| de|ec|c cs|t|c ccac |uad+aeatc de| |e|+c|ca+a|eatc
cca |+ scc|ed+d.
tca e| |a de |eea|| cca||ctcs, |cs u+|+,cs |+a ccaea:+dc + esc||
c|| est+tutcs , |e|+aeatcs |ate|acs, d||||dcs scc|e tcdc +| a+ae,c
|c|est+|. lstcs est+tutcs , |e|+aeatcs |acc|c|+a auc|cs e|eaeatcs
de| de|ec|c cs|t|c , ac |esc+t+a |+s ac|a+s , +|c|es cu|tu|+|es |c
|cs, e|deac| adcse c+d+ e: a s e| +ec + |+s |e,es de| lst+dc.
l| d| |cc ccac | ct|c+ cu|tu|+| es e| ||ac|+| aec+a|sac ||dc
+|+ |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs |ate|acs , +|+ |esc|e| |cc|ea+s
ue t|eaea ue e| cca e| |eccacc|a|eatc de |cs de|ec|cs ||st ||ccs
, cu|tu|+|es.
laccat|+acs ac|a+s , | ct|c+s cu|tu|+|es ue d|st|auea , c+|+cte
||:+a +| uec|c u+|+,c. lc| e,ea|c, sca |eccacc|dcs , tea|dcs c|
| ct|c+s de c|u,e| + c| ct|cs uec|cs |ad ea+s, + |+s ue +cudea
cca ||ecueac|+ +|+ |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
l+s +s+ac|e+s, ccac |ast+ac|+s de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, |uac|c
a+a ea |+s ccaua|d+des +|+ |+ tca+ de dec|s|caes. :|a eac+|c,
250 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
est+s +s+ac|e+s se est a des|e|t|a+adc + a|e| de |+s c|+a|:+c|c
aes ta|c+s , c| t|c+s ccac |+s ceat|+|es, c| |+s |uc|+s c| e| c
de| , c|ue |cs +cue|dcs , |esc|uc|caes + |+s ue se +|||c+a ac se
cua|ea est||ct+aeate. -dea s, auc|+s eces sca ut|||:+d+s ccac
aec+a|sacs +|+ ++|+| + c|e|t+s d||ect|+s ue |uec se +t||cu,ea |+
|e|eseat+t||d+d.
la e| uec|c u+|+,c, |cs aec+a|sacs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs
ac sca |cac aecs, t|eaea d||e|eac|+s de ua+ ceat|+| + ct|+, dec|dc
+ |+ctc|es ||st ||ccs ,/c + |+ ce|c+a + cca |+ c+||ete|+ :+at+ t|u:
1||a|d+d, ue t|eae ua |a+ctc ea |+ +dcc| a de auecs +|c|es. lc|
e,ea|c, ea \ct+ , e| s|stea+ de +utc||d+des , | ct|c+s cu|tu|+|es es
a s e|deate ue ea -sceas| a, dcade eae|+|aeate |cs cca||ctcs
se |esue|ea +cud|eadc + |+s |ast+ac|+s de| lst+dc.
l+s s+ac|caes sca d|a a|c+s , |e\|c|es. la+s, ccac e| cec, |+a des+
+|ec|dc c| cca|etc. l+ u+sc+, ue e|+ +||c+d+ cca ||u|cs|d+d
c| |cs ||+ac|sc+acs , ue e|+ |+ |e, ccaua|t+||+ de |cs u+|+,cs, ,+
ac se +||c+ c s |c, ccac +|uacs se +|+a, ea c+scs e\t|+c|d|a+||cs.
l|a+|aeate, se +|+acs ue e| c+sc de |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs es ua c+sc
+|+d|a t|cc, scc|e tcdc ea cu+atc se |e|e|e + |+ |cc|ea t|c+ de|
usc , +ccesc + |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es, dcade |+ | |c+ de| ae|c+dc se
|acae , |+ce ue +ae |+ |e, de| a s |ue|te ea t |a|acs de |e|+c|c
aes de cde| c| t|cc , ecca a|cc. - estc se sua+a |cs |cc|ea+s de
|acce|a+c|||d+d ea |+s ceat|+|es, dcade +cc|caes |ad||du+|es d|sc
aea de| c|ea cc|ect|c.
-ate estc, se |+ce aeces+||c |ate|ea|| scc|e tcdc ea |+ cuest| a c|
+a|:+t|+ , +da|a|st|+t|+ de| te|||tc||c, ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs
ue +seu|ea ua ccat|c| , e,e|c|c|c de te|||tc||+||d+d +|+ ccast|u||
ua a+ae,c +|t|c|+t|c, deacc| t|cc , cca eu|d+d ea |+ d|st||cuc| a
de |cs ceae|c|cs, ccas|de|+adc ue e| te|||tc||c es ua c|ea cca a.
ls |ac|t+ate |e+|c||:+| |cs acdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca
||ctcs, scc|e tcdc ac|a+s , +|c|es, ccac s acc|cs de |+ |deat|d+d
cu|tu|+| , de |+ +da|a|st|+c| a de ,ust|c|+, |e|+c|ca+dcs cca e| e,e|c|c|c
de| cc|e|ac ea |+ tca+ de dec|s|caes , +||c+c| a de |+s ac|a+s.
la ua te|||tc||c t+a eaa+|+ +dc ccac e| u+|+,c, e| |c|t+|ec|a|eatc
c|+a|:+t|c es ua+ de |+s +cc|caes |uad+aeat+|es, ccac |c a+a|
|est+a |cs ccaua+||cs. \c se uede ea|eade| |ccescs de est| a
te|||tc||+| s|a ua cc|e|ac |c|t+|ec|dc. lc| e||c, es aeces+||c t|+c+,+|
desde |+s c+ses ea |+ |c|a+c| a de auecs ||de|+:cs ue d|||,+a |+
|uc|+ te|||tc||+| |+c|+ e| c|ea cc|ect|c.
lc| |+ cca|e,+ s|tu+c| a de| uec|c u+|+,c, es aeces+||c |ad++|
a s scc|e |+ |cc|ea t|c+ te|||tc||+| , |cs cca||ctcs ue t|eadea +
eaec|+| c+d+ e: a s. \+ se |+a |eseat+dc |ec|cs de |c|eac|+,
ccac |+ uea+ de c+s+s de |+a|||+s c+aes|a+s. ls u|eate t|+c+,+|
ea este tea+ de |c|a+ |ate|+|.
-lt-ll - Ml\ltll-l ll -:tl\:lO\ ll tl-k-\O:
!e l|+a de les+||c||c Mua|c|+| llM +,ust+dc !e!1.
-l-kk-t \, \+|dc
!] la|c|ae de| le|easc| de| luec|c de c|||+ scc|e e|
|ccesc +|+||c , e| s+ae+a|eatc de |+ 1|e||+ tcaua|t+||+
de O||ea (1tO, tu+|+,cs. 1~ de +cstc de !].
-lllk1 de \||es
1))~ -rr//r/ |a4 -a: -a |: //-rr: |:/: 4- ||/:/: /a
ibliogtaf a
252 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
:a |// 4- a -/:4 : I. tllOtl1l:\\.
tl\1kO ll l:1lllO: -lllt-lO: -l ll:-kkOllO :Otl-l
!+ h:a-/ /r-/:| .oaa//:r/ -a |: O 6a:r:;. lu|
c de laest|+c| a: tust+c :ctc, l|ete| k cs, M|ue|
\ sue:. :+at+ t|u:.
tl-ll:
!| a|/ar: 4-o.r //.: -a oaa/./)/ /a4 -a: /ra|/
.| ; 6a// rr-:. :+at+ t|u:: tl-ll:l|+|ca +.
t-kll:, }cs
1~~e /: h//a- /r:a./.:a:. +|ce|ca+, ls+ +.
lOklt\\, -|c|des
1))) \/:/- )r //-rr: .ra.- :. :e|ecc| a , estud|c
lat|cductc||+: -|c|des l+|e,+s. :+at+ t|u:: ll:-.
l l/, |+|c, MlklllO, l+|d
1))~ /a-|| /a4 -a: 4- //-rr: |:/: :r:./-r //.: )r/a
./):|-. l+ l+:: M|a|ste||c de les+||c||c :cstea|c|e , l|+
a||c+c| a.
llOkl:, l|c+
!+ l+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ ua e|d+de|c s|stea+. la: |a//
./: oaa//:r/: -a | )a-|| /a4 -a: 4- ||/:/:.
l+ l+:: lll1-\l}.
llOkl:, l|c+
!] Mcdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs ea ue
c|cs |ad ea+s , c|||a+||cs de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s de c|||+
tcasu|t+| + l\lklll.
t-kt -, led|c
!1 |a/r4a../ a : |: :4o/a//r:./ a 4- /a//./: .oaa:|
/a/-r.a|/ar:| h:aa:| ):r: .:):.//:4r- /a4 -a:.
l|a+: tca|s| a de lae|eac|+ -s| a|a|+.
hlkMO:- \lkkllk-, \+|te|
1)] / )a-|| a:r:;. l+ l+:.
253 MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos
M-k1 \l/, }cs
1)) la|c|ae de c+|+cte||:+c| a |e||a|a+| de |+ dea+ad+ de
1|e||+ tcaua|t+||+ de O||ea (1tO, de| luec|c lad ea+
tu+|+,c. M+,c 1)).
Mllt-k, 1+a|+
!! late|c+ac|cs a+t||aca|+|es , |e|+c|caes |ate| ta|c+s ea
|+ ccaua|d+d u+|+,+ de \+|+a,|tc. la: h:/r/oa/
/a/-r /a/. /-)r4a../ a 4- | ra) /a/. ; r-|:
./a- 4- a-r -a | ||:a 4- h/. l+ l+:: lll.
Ml\l:1lklO ll ll:-kkOllO :O:1l\lll \ ll-\lllt-tl \, \l
tlMl\l:1lklO ll -:l\1O: l\l tl\-: \ llllO: l\l tl\-:
Okltl\-klO:
//a4/ 4- a-.-/4:4- /):./:|- O 6a:r:; -c|||,
1))).
l-thltO, l., l-lMO\l1/, l.
1))~ haa/./)/ ; -// a /r-/:| -a -| /r )/. ||/:/:a. l+
l+:: tllOk, tlll-, 1llkk-, OllOk, tll/l|u|+| ld|tc
|es.
l-thltO, l+c|c
1))~ ///| 4- 4-:rr|| 4-/r-/:./ a ; 4-r:4:./ a 4- |
|a- -a |: //-rr: |:/: 4- ||/:/:. l+ l+:: tllOk,
tlll-, 1llkk-.
lO\tl, l.
!] \+|c|+c| a de a|e|es de +|t|c|+c| a de |+s ccaua|d+
des de |+ 1tO tu+|+,cs, c|||+, ea +ct||d+des de a+
ae,c |c|est+| scstea|c|e. lccuaeatc t|eat |cc l|c,ectc
lOM-O \
c
. 1. tcc|+c+ac+: l|c,ectc lOM-O.
kll:1lk, } |ea, :l-/\ -k, e|t|+
1)) l|+a st|cc de| |e+ lll de :+at+ t|u: luec|cs -,c|ec
t||u|t+actu+|+,c.
:-\l \-l, \+a|+
!+ :cc|e |+ suuest+ +|c|+c| a de +|t|cu|+| de |+ l+ua+
tc|+: a uc|c+d+ ea |+ l|c|ac|+ de tu+|+,cs. la|c|ae
254 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
l c||cc \ +/!], | de a+|:c de !]. :+at+ t|u::
le|e+c| a l|es|deac|+| -at|cc||uc| a :+at+ t|u:.
:-\l \-l, \+a|+
!+ :eu|a|eatc scc|e suuest+s |||eu|+||d+des ccaet|d+s
ea e| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc de| lc| cac ! , | 1tO
tu+|+,cs. la|c|ae l c||cc \ |/!], ! de a+|:c de
!]. :+at+ t|u:: le|e+c| a l|es|deac|+| -at|cc||u
c| a :+at+ t|u:.
:ltkl1-k - \-tlO\-l ll -:l\1O: 1\ltO:
1)) la|c|ae de c+|+cte||:+c| a |e||a|a+| de |+ dea+ad+ de
1|e||+ tcaua|t+||+ de O||ea (1tO, de| uec|c |ad ea+
u+|+,c. tcasu|tc|: }cs M+|t ae:.
:\\
!1 ldeat||c+c| a de est|+te|+s +|+ |+ est| a de |ecu|scs
a+tu|+|es de| ccsue l|uc|c|
1-Mlkl\l, leca+|dc
! Otc|+a|eatc de ccaces|caes |c|est+|es ea te|||tc||cs
|ad ea+s ea c|||+. la: !r/ .a| /r/o-r, \ ~, eae|c
cctuc|e !, ke|st+ de dec+te scc|+| , ,u| d|cc.
1lktlkO:, le|a+adc
1))~ la|c|ae de |deat||c+c| a de aeces|d+des es+c|+|es de|
luec|c lad ea+ tu+|+,c: 1tO tu+|+,c. :+at+ t|u:,
|ec|e|c de 1))~.
l\l\lk:ll-l l-k- l- l-/, -:-Mll- tl\lk-l O\l
1))) M+ae,c de cca||ctcs ea |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. Meac||+ de|
cu|sc |e+||:+dc ea :+a }cs , tcst+ k|c+ de| 1! +| !~ de
cctuc|e de 1))~, c|ud+d tc| a.
lklO:1l, M|ue|, l-thltO, l|ec
! /: //-rr: |:/: 4- ||/:/: : /a- 4-| /| \\. l+ l+::
lll.
\llk, }utt+
1))e /a-|| /a4 -a: 4-| 4-):r/:o-a/ 4- :a/: ra:.
\e|s| a |a+|, d|c|eac|e 1))e. :+at+ t|u:: :\\.
inttevistas
Notmas y documentos
Oll\l-, le,es, lec|etcs, etc.
1)e) lec|etc :u|eac \ ~ee. kese|+ lc|est+| de |+ \+
c| a. 1! de |ec|e|c de 1)e).
1)+~ lec|etc :u|eac \ 1!1. !! de eae|c de 1)+~.
1)|) lec|etc ke|+aeat+||c. 1+ de ,ua|c de 1)|).
tlt\
!1 l|+a eae|+| de a+ae,c |c|est+| \ct+ . le| cdc !1
!|1.
!1 l|+a eae|+| de a+ae,c ccaua|t+||c tu|uc , 1tO
tu+|+,cs !1!|.
tOl\-t
l|+a de est| a te|||tc||+| |ad ea+. 1|e||+s tcaua|t+||+s
de O||ea tu|+,u. :+at+ t|u:.
!] lst+tutc teat|+| de O|+a|:+c|caes de |cs luec|cs tu+
|+,cs tOl\-t. :+a l+c|c, !~ de cctuc|e de !].
t-:1kO, O||+adc (\|ce|es|deate tll:t,
| de ,ua|c de !e.
ll-/, l cc|+ (-cc+d+, tl}l: l|c|+a+ 1e|||tc||c,
1] de ,u||c de !e.
ll- ll-/-, l+t||c|+ (tcasu|tc|+,
256 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
1 de ,u||c de !e.
\O:1-:, Me|cedes. (tcasu|tc|+,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
lOl l, :ca|+. (l\ :ec|et+||+ de :+|ud de |+ tll:t,
1 de ,ua|c de !e.
/-t , |eea|dc. (l||ectc| \+c|ca+| de 1tO,
1] de ,u||c de !e.
XSCiNSi N ui 6iXkXuS (kealizadas pot Mat a kenee
Maldonado)
-ltl-/l lkl\l, l+a|e| (:uc|e|ectc tu+|+,cs,
-lO\1l, laa+ lc|+ (l|es|deate de| tca|t t |cc leaea|ac,
-sceas| a,
-kltO\, t|ec||c (tcaua+||c |e|eseat+ate de |+ te|ce|+ ed+d,
1+ de ,u||c de !e.
tl-kO:, -|ce|tc (kescas+c|e c|c|a+ |e|ca+| OllOk ll,
tl -\thlkO, }+|ae (l|es|deate tca|t t |cc,
1| de ,ua|c de !e.
tl-kl:1\, l+c|c (tcace,+| Mua|c||c de -sceas| a,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
M-:-l lMll, t+||cs (l|es|deate tca|t de \|||+ac|+,
1! de ,u||c de !e.
MOkO-\thl, \ea+ac|c (tcace,+| Mua|c||c de l|uc|c| ,
MOlkl\l-, l+stc| (l|es|deate tll-,
MO\1lkO, led|c. (kescas+c|e la|d+d lc|est+| Mua|c|+|
-sceas| a,
MOklMO\thl, l|+ac|scc (l||ectc| l,ecut|c t:l1t\t,
Okl\-l, \||||edc (\|ce|es|deate tOl\-t,
1+ de ,ua|c de !e.
llkllO, \ ctc| (l|es|deate -scc|+c| a de t+a+de|cs de tu+|+,cs,
kl\lkO \-th \, l|ed+des (\|ce|es|deat+ de |+ -scc|+c| a e de
lae|c Me|c+dc , \|ce|es|deat+ de 1|+asc|tes,
1! de ,u||c de !e.
kO}-: lk-ll\, 1ca+s+ (kescas+c|e de lccaca + tll-,
:-\lO\-l, l|edd, (te|eate -llt,
1-1 \, 1ca s (:ec|et+||c de kecu|scs \+tu|+|es , Med|c -ac|eate
tOl\-t,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
ikiiCu (kealizadas pot koxana utellana)
-ltl-/l -Ml\l-l , l+scu+|+. (l|es|deate teat|+| de Mu,e|es
lad ea+s de tu+|+,cs,
tl -\tllk-, t+|aea (\|ce|es|deate de |+ le|easc|+ de |+ Mu,e|
l+s \+| ,
thl\th , -ase|ac (}e|e de /ca+ -|+||+,
tl/M \, M|||+a (l|es|deate de |+ tlMtl|c|ac|+|,
}l:1l\l-\O, Osa+a (l\ \|ce|es|deate de |+ tOl\-t !|!],
1! de ,u||c de !e.
M-l , -|casc (tc||e|dc| de |+ lc||c +,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
MO\l, h||dece|tc (t+c|ue M+,c|, e\ ,e|e de |+ }uat+ lscc|+|,
tc||e|dc|, t+c||dc , t+c|ue,
1+ de ,ua|c de !e.
kO}-: \-kt-:, ld+| (-|c+|de de l|uc|c| ,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
lk- - \lkOQl , luc||+ (l|c|esc|+ de ||a+||+,
1! de ,u||c de !e.
lk- - \lkOQl , }cs (tcc|d|a+dc| de| tca|t de le|eas+ de
l a|tes , 1tO, luad+dc| de |+ tllO, l|es|deate de tOlt- + a|e|
MoDos DE rEsolUCIn DE ConFlICTos En la TCo GUaraYos 257
258 Elba FlorEs GonzlEs
|ate|a+c|ca+| , -|c+|de de l|uc|c|+ de| !!+,
\l:lk-: :-l\-1llkk-, l|c|+ (l|es|deat+ de| tca|t de \|||+ac|+,
1] de ,ua|c de !e.
X6iXk (kealizadas pot }uan Catlos iauta)
l:thOl, leca+|d+ (he|a+a+,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
MO\l, ld+| (:ec|et+||c 1|e||+ , 1e|||tc||c tlt\,
1+ de ,u||c de !e.
M-ll, le||e (O1tlt\,
1+ de ,u||c de !e.
OkltO, M|ue| (-||cu|tc| de e + cs,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
Ok1l/, M+t||de (-ac|+a+ de )] + cs,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
lO l/, Mcdestc (l|c|esc| de |c| a, e\ +eate c+atca+| 1)~e/1)),
1| de ,u||c de !e.
lO l/, \e|d+ (:ec|et+||+ O1,
1+ de ,u||c de !e.
kO}-:, 1|cu|c|c (l|es|deate de| tca|t t |cc,
1! de ,u||c de !e.
lk-ll -, kuc a (tc||e|dc|, e\ :uc+|c+|de 1))e1))),
1! de ,u||c de !e.
lk-lO1- --t-l, -suat+ (tcaua+||+ de e+ + cs,
1| de ,u||c de !e.
\-M-, l|aestc (tca|t de \|||+ac|+,
1! de ,ua|c de !e.
ANEXOS
Anexo I
1. ANtEcEdENtES
1.1. Deladial cticahist ricaalempatecatastr fco:el
confictocomoproblema
l+ |ectu|+ a+|\|st+ de |+ ||stc||+ +utc||: , du|+ate +||+s d c+d+s (u|
: s du|+ate tcdc ua s||c,, ua+ |ate||et+c| a c+st+ate ct|a|st+
de| cca||ctc: |+ |uc|+ de c|+ses, ccac actc| de |+ ||stc||+, |ccc+c+
ea||eat+a|eatcs , aue|tes e|c e|+ e| |ec|c ue se dec + ++| c|
|+ ||ce|+c| a. l+ aet |c|+ de |+ ||stc||+ ccac au,e| +|tu||eat+ acs
dec + ue |cs cca||ctcs scc|+|es e|+a ccac |cs |ae|t+c|es dc|c|es de|
+|tc , ue |+c + ue +u+at+||cs c ae,c| +ud|:+||cs c|ue d+| +a
+ |u: ua+ scc|ed+d +| |a ,ust+ e |u+||t+||+. l+ ++|eate |adust||+||:+
c| a de| + s aed|+ate |+ a|ae| + (||ae|c ||+d+ , |uec est+t+|, ,
|+ cca|c|a+c| a de cde|cscs s|ad|c+tcs cc|e|cs (|+ lede|+c| a :|a
d|c+| de 1|+c+,+dc|es M|ae|cs de c|||+ l:1M , |uec |+ teat|+|
Oc|e|+ c|||+a+ tO, e|+a |ad|c|cs de ue e| |ccesc de a+du|+
c| a ||st ||c+ de |+ scc|ed+d cc|||+a+ |c+ + deseac+dea+| ua |ccesc
|ec|uc|ca+||c. l| cste||c| c|e||e de |+s a|a+s, e| desac|ca+a|eatc
de |+ tO ,, |uec, |+ c+ d+ de| c|cue sc| t|cc us|e|ca ea dud+
|+ |eac|+ de est+ |ate||et+c| a, + es+| de ue +|uacs d|||eates
s|ad|c+|es (scc|e tcdc ea e| sectc| de| a+|ste||c, c+|||c+dcs ccac
t|cts||st+s s|uea +cst+adc c| |+ |ec|uc| a e|a+aeate, es dec||,
c| |+ e\+ce|c+c| a de |cs cca||ctcs.
l| |ct+ca|sac +sua|dc +ctu+|aeate c| |cs ac|a|eatcs c+ae
s|acs, c|||a+||cs e |ad ea+s, desde ct|+ | |c+ , desde ct|+ |ectu|+
Modos Originarios de resoluci n de
confictosenlazona
andina de Bolivia.
Unbalancedelainvestigaci n
\|aceat \|cc|+s
de |+ ||stc||+, |+ ccat||cu|dc + cca|c|a+| ua auec escea+||c c|
t|cc ea c|||+. lcs c|cuecs de| + c ! us|e|ca de a+a||estc e|
cca||ctc ta|cc |+teate ea e| + s. lst+s ac|||:+c|caes se eaa+|c+
c+a e\|es+aeate ea |+ ccat|au|d+d ||st ||c+ de |+s suc|e+c|caes
|ad ea+s de |+ cc+ cc|ca|+| , |euc||c+a+. ls +s ue, se a le||e
Qu|se, escs c|cuecs |etead +a |eed|t+| e| ce|cc de l+ l+: de 1u
+, l+t+||. \ | se cca+| + aeaudc cca e| | de| |ad ea+ de 1~1,
ea su +acaest+c| a + |cs a|a|st|cs de| eatcaces l|es|deate +a:e|,
d|,c e\|es+aeate:
/ : a):/ /:/:r/ a/-4- |:a 4-.a:r//::4 .a .a:/r .:|:|| :
o o- 4-.a:r//::r a .a .a:/r /:aa- / a .a .a:/r ::/
a- (c|t+dc ea l+t:|, !|: !!1,.
l|e| + est+ |de+ de l+c|+|ut|, le||e Qu|se |uad e| Mc|a|eatc la
d ea+ l+c|+|ut| (Mll, ea le +s, |u+| dcade |ue e,ecut+dc 1u+,
l+t+||, e| d + de| +a|e|s+||c de |+ aue|te de| | de| +,a+|+. la e| d|s
cu|sc de lc Mc|+|es eaccat|+acs aeacs |e|e|eac|+s +| a||ea+||sac
, a+c|ca+||sac +,a+|+, e|c ea |+s | ct|c+s de |uc|+ de |cs ccc+|e
|cs, eaccat|+acs t ct|c+s , t ca|c+s de ac|||:+c| a |c|+s de |cs
uec|cs c|||a+||cs.
:|a eac+|c, + es+| de c|acc + cs de cca||ctcs | ct|c+aeate e|
a+aeates, ac se d|cu,+ ua+ s+||d+ (ua+ sc|uc| a, + |cs cca||ctcs. l|
cca||ctc, +| +|ece|, ac uede |cduc|| ua+ s ates|s d|+| ct|c+ de |+s
tes|s ea||eat+d+s. ls |c ue |cs +a+||st+s (eat|e ct|cs, |+|c t+|c +
l|ae|+, c+|||c+|ca ccac ea+te c+t+st| |cc. l+ scc|ed+d cc|||+
a+ se eacueat|+ c+d+ e: a s c|+||:+d+ scc|+|aeate (eat|e ||ccs ,
cc|es,, ta|c+aeate (eat|e :r: e |ad|cs, , |e|ca+|aeate (eat|e
Occ|deate , O||eate,, s|a ue a|auac de |cs c|cs ued+ eace| +|
ct|c
1
. la ct|+s +|+c|+s, |+ |de+ de ue e| cca||ctc |cduc + de c| s
su |esc|uc| a se + e|d|eadc , se t|eae |+ seas+c| a de ue e| cca
1
l| |eseate te\tc |ue |ed+ct+dc ea !], du|+ate e| cc|e|ac de t+||cs Mes+. l+s
ccatuadeates |ctc||+s e|ectc|+|es de| M-: ea !] , !e c+ac|+|ca ea +|te e|
+ac|+a+, e|c ac de| tcdc, ,+ ue ua+ e|ecc| a ac s||e +|+ |esc|e| cca||ctcs
s|ac sc|+aeate +|+ aed|| , |ed|st||cu|| |+s |e|+c|caes de |ue|:+s eat|e |+s +|tes
ea cca||ctc. lc| |c t+atc, e| des+| c de lc Mc|+|esl|es|deate es aecc|+| desde
e| tcc|e|ac ua+ sc|uc| a + |cs cca||ctcs.
Vincent nicOLAS 262
||ctc se |+ |ast+|+dc +|+ ued+|se ea |+ scc|ed+d. l+s+acs de ua+
e|sect|+ ||st ||c+, ea |+ ue e| cca||ctc e|+ |stc ccac ua |+ctc|
de c+ac|c, + ua+ e|sect|+ scc|c| |c+, ea |+ ue e| cca||ctc (c +|
aeacs su e|s|steac|+, es e|c|c|dc ccac ua |+ctc| de +t|+sc, de suc
des+||c||c, de cc|e:+. l| cca||ctc ,+ ac es |stc ccac sc|uc| a + |+s
ccat|+d|cc|caes ||st ||c+s s| ac ccac ua |cc|ea+. le +| e| |ate| s
ea |cs acdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, uestc ue |cs
uec|cs c|||a+||cs, +dea s de se| uac de |cs +ctc|es de |cs cca||c
tcs +ctu+|es, t|eaea ua+ |+|+ t|+d|c| a , ua ccacc|a|eatc +cuau|+dc
ea |c ue se |e|e|e + |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
1.2. Lasreformasjudiciales:integrandom todosalternativos
deresoluci ndeconfictosenelderechopositivo
la auc|cs + ses, e| s|stea+ ,ud|c|+| acde|ac |e|ed+dc de| de|ec|c
|ca+ac |+ ccacc|dc ua+ se||e de +d+t+c|caes dest|a+d+s + |esca
de| + c|e|t+s c| t|c+s: |+ ,ust|c|+ se| + |eat+, ac |+c|ece| + |+ |e|ase|
c| a de |cs de||acueates ,, ec| + a, ac |e+|+| + |cs d+ cs c+us+dcs
+ |+s ct|a+s. la este a+|cc, c|||+ +dct , ccac auc|cs ct|cs +
ses, ua+ |e|+aeat+c| a +|+ |cs a tcdcs +|te|a+t|cs de |esc|uc| a
de cca||ctcs (M-kt,, |+ le, 1, +|cc+d+ e| 1 de a+|:c de 1)),
|e|+aeat+ |+ | ct|c+ de| +|c|t|+,e, e| +|c|t|+,e |ate|a+c|ca+| , |+ cca
c|||+c| a. :| c|ea est+ |e, ac aeac|ca+ ea a|auac de sus +|t cu|cs
+ |cs uec|cs c|||a+||cs, ac es aeacs e|deate ue, ea c|||+, |cs
uec|cs c|||a+||cs e |ad ea+s sca |cs ue t|eaea ua+ |+|+ t|+d|c| a
, ua +a||c ccacc|a|eatc de |+ ,ust|c|+ de ccac|||+c| a. l| de|ec|c
ccasuetud|a+||c se eacueat|+, +dea s, |es+|d+dc c| e| +|t cu|c 11
de |+ tcast|tuc| a lc| t|c+ de| lst+dc (tll, ue est|u|+:
/: :a/r/4:4- a:/ar:|- 4- |: .oaa/4:4- /a4 -a: ; .:o
)-/a: )4r a -/-r.-r /aa./a- 4- :4o/a//r:./ a ; :)|/.:./ a
de normas propias como soluci n alternativa de confictos, en con
/ro/4:4 : a ./ao|r- ; )r.-4/o/-a/ /-o)r- a- a -:a
.a/r:r/: : -/: a///a./ a ; |: |-;- /: |-; .o)://|/|/::r -
/: /aa./a- .a |: :/r/|a./a- 4- | )4-r- 4-| //:4 (tll,
+|t cu|c 11, ||+|c |,
l| tcaea|c 1e) de |+ O|+a|:+c| a late|a+c|ca+| de| 1|+c+,c (Ol1,,
e|e+dc + |+ac de |e, ea c|||+ e| 11 de ,u||c 1))1, |+t||c+ t+ac| a
e| de|ec|c de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s , t||c+|es +:
AnexO i 263
.a-r::r a ./ao|r- - /a///a./a- )r)/: /-o)r- a- /:
no sean incompatibles con los derechos fundamentales defnidos
)r -| //-o: /ar 4/. a:./a:| a/ .a | 4-r-.| |ao:a /a/-r
a:./a:|o-a/- r-.a./4
l| |c,ectc de ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ de| M|a|ste||c de }ust|c|+ ++a:
c+st+ate, c+,c |+ d||ecc| a de }u+a -atca|c t|+ a, cu+adc ste e|+
M|a|st|c de }ust|c|+ , le|ec|cs hua+acs, ea ua+ |cuest+ de |u
|+||sac ,u| d|cc ea c|||+, s|a eac+|c, |+st+ |+ |ec|+ ac e\|ste ua+
|e, ue |e|+aeate |+ cca+t|c|||:+c| a de |uac|caes + |+ ue |+ce
|e|e|eac|+ e| +|t cu|c 11 de |+ tll. ls a s, |+s |+ades d||e|eac|+s de
c||te||cs eat|e +accs s|stea+s de ,ust|c|+ eae|+|ca auc|cs |cc|e
a+s , cca||ctcs ea |+ +||c+c| a de |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+.
lst+s |e|c|a+s ,ud|c|+|es, +|t|cu|+d+s + |+ a+tu|+|e:+ au|t| ta|c+ ,
|u||cu|tu|+| de| + s, |+a act|+dc t+ac| a |+ |e+||:+c| a de |aest|
+c|caes scc|e |cs a tcdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
-|c|+ c|ea, +|e |+ ea+ act+| ue |cs dcs ac|tcs desde |cs cu+|es
se |ate|e|+ + |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ (|+ c sued+ de a tcdcs de es
t| a de |cs cca||ctcs scc|+|es , e| |eccacc|a|eatc |e+| de |+ ,ust|c|+
ccaua|t+||+, |+cea a|+s|s ea |+ c++c|d+d de |cs uec|cs c|||a+||cs
+|+ |esc|e| sus cca||ctcs aed|+ate |+ ccace|t+c| a , |+ aecc|+c| a,
+e|+a + a tcdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs (MOkt, su
ca|eadc ue sca ua+ +||ed+d deat|c de |cs a tcdcs +|te|a+t|cs
de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs (M-kt,. :|a eac+|c, de |a|c|c, teaeacs
dcs ccse|+c|caes + este ea|cue:
1, h+c|+| de a tcdcs c|||a+||cs es, + auest|c eateade|, ua+ e\+e
|+c| a ues ua a tcdc sucae +|c |+a||c+dc , s|stea+t|:+dc,
u|: s se+ a s +|c|+dc |+c|+| de aec+a|sacs c acdcs de |e
sc|uc| a de cca||ctcs ea uec|cs |ad ea+s u c|||a+||cs.
!, lcs aec+a|sacs + |cs ue se |+ce |e|e|eac|+ cu+adc se |+c|+ de
MOkt sca |+ ccace|t+c| a , |+ aecc|+c| a, s|a eac+|c, ac sca
|cs a|ccs ue ea|e+a |cs uec|cs c|||a+||cs +| acaeatc de
|esc|e| sus cca||ctcs.
2. cONcEpcI N dEl cONflIctO EN lOS ANdES
l+ +|+c|+ ue sue|e us+|se +|+ t|+duc|| cca||ctc ea uec|u+ es
.|:o):. l+ e\|es| a cca a .|:o):;)/ |::;|a se t|+duce c|
Vincent nicOLAS 264
est+acs ea cca||ctc. la e| a+au+| c|||a e de est| a de cca||c
tcs uc||c+dc c| |+ t1/, eaccat|+acs ue |+ +|+c|+ cca||ctc es
t|+duc|d+ ccac .|:\.:. le|c |+ +|+c|+ .|:\.: deact+ a s c|ea |+
e|e+ , |+ cu||+. |:\.::a|a: est a |+c|eadc cu||+. l+ .|:\.:
(|+ e|e+, se| + a s c|ea ua+ e\|es| a cs|c|e de| cca||ctc , ac e|
cca||ctc ea s .
tcasu|t+adc cca +,a+|+ |+c|+ates, eaccat| ue ea +,a+|+ |+ +|+
c|+ .|:\.: t|eae ua+ c||sea|+ ue ac se eacueat|+ ea e| uec|u+
, es, e|ect|+aeate, e| t |a|ac ue escat ae+aeate s||e +|+ t|+
duc|| cca||ctc:
|:\.:a|:)/.:: cca||ctc e|a+aeate, |+teate.
|:\.:/)/.:: acs |eacs e|e+dc.
|:\.:a|/.:: est ea ||t||c.
|:\.: ar:/: te||eac ea ||t||c.
la |cs -ades, e| cca||ctc es +|c ue +aea+:+ ac s |c + |+ +|aca +
de |+ scc|ed+d s|ac t+ac| a |+ +|aca + cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+. lcs s|stea+s
,ud|c|+|es acde|acs t|eaea ccac |a e| |est+c|ece| |+ +|aca + scc|+|
+| c+st|+| |cs de||tcs , c| aeaes , +| |eteade| cc||e|| + |cs de||a
cueates
!
. lcs s|stea+s ,ud|c|+|es c+s+dcs ea |e,es d||a+s (|+ .|:r/:
c| e,ea|c, est+c|ecea c+st|cs +|+ |+|t+s ccat|+ |cs a+ad+a|eatcs
de l|cs , su e,ecuc| a cusc+ ccaseu|| e| e|d a d||ac. lcs s|stea+s
,ud|c|+|es t|+d|c|ca+|es ea |cs -ades |eccaccea ue e| cca||ctc +ae
a+:+ ac s |c |+ +: scc|+| s|ac t+ac| a |+s |e|+c|caes cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+.
l+s scc|ed+des +ad|a+s sca scc|ed+des ||tu+||st+s: ccat|au+aeate |+,
ue ed|| e|a|sc + |+ l+c|+a+a+, ed|||e e|d a, etc. l+s ac|a+s ,
c d|cs scc|+|es +|+at|:+a |+s cuea+s |e|+c|caes eat|e |cs |cac|es ,
eat|e |cs |cac|es , |+ a+tu|+|e:+. la+ |a||+cc| a + |+s ac|a+s scc|+|es
uede deseac+dea+| ua cca||ctc ac s |c cca |+ ccaua|d+d s|ac cca
|+s |ue|:+s de |+ a+tu|+|e:+.
Ejemplo:elqhincha
l+ +|+c|+ |/a.|: se |e|e|e, se a }es s l+|+, +| |ad||duc ue t|+e
a+|+ sue|te. tca aaeate, se ccas|de|+ ue e| :c||c es +a|a+| de
!
:cc|e e| c+| cte| c|tc d|cc de |+ ||s| a, e| M. lcuc+u|t.
AnexO i 265
266
a+| + e|c, c| esc se |e d|ce |/a.|:. \c |+, ue c|u:+|se cca e|
:c||c , de se| +s |+, ue |asu|t+||c +|+ ue ac acs ||eue |+ a+|+
sue|te. \|t+||+ac :c||+ aeac|ca+ e| s|u|eate test|aca|c:
:| :-r :| :rr - /-a : a- /aa|/:r 4/./ a4|- |/a.|: o:|4// ;
/r: ):|:|r: /aa|/:a/- - | -.a) : - |- :rr/:|: )/-4r:
):r: a- - :|-/-a (:c||+, !|: !,
-| |cac|e +d |te|c c + |+ au,e| +d |te|+ t+ac| a se |es d|ce |/a.|:
c|ue |+ t|+s|es| a de |+ ac|a+ ue e||cs ccaetea +|ect+ ac s |c +
|+ scc|ed+d s|ac + |+ a+tu|+|e:+. lcs a+|cs ccac|t+a|eatcs uedea
t|+e| des|+c|+s. l| |/a.|: es e| c|t+dc| de |+ a+|+ sue|te, e| |/a
.|:.|:4 es |+ ct|a+ scc|e u|ea |ec+e |+ a+|+ sue|te. -|u|ea te |+
|/a.|:.|:4, se d|ce, c| |c t+atc, |+, ua |escas+c|e. tu+adc c+e
|+ |+a|:+d+ ea |+ ccaua|d+d c cu+adc |+, |e|+d+s se |+s |ate||et+
ccac ua c+st|c de |+ a+tu|+|e:+ c| |+s |+|t+s ue se |+a ccaet|dc
ea |+ ccaua|d+d. l| +du|te||c +|ect+ + |+ ct|a+ (e| cc|audc,, + |+ sc
c|ed+d ea su cca,uatc (s| se |+ aet|dc cca ua+ au,e| c+s+d+ uede
aete|se cca |+s dea s au,e|es c+s+d+s, , + |+ a+tu|+|e:+ (e| c+cs
|at|cduc|dc ea |+ scc|ed+d +|ect+ +| c|dea a+tu|+|,. \ |c a|sac +s+
cca ua |ccc c cca ct|c t|c de de||tc.
lst+ |e|+c| a at|a+ cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+ se a+at|eae + t|+ s de |+s
a.:, + t|+ s de ua d| |cc e|a+aeate cca |cs ce||cs |ctectc
|es (|cs a;./r/, |cs :)a, |cs :.|:.|/|:, ue se |e+||:+ aed|+ate |+
ccc+ , |+ .|:||:, + t|+ s de |+s ./|:a.|:. lac |ec|ce |ctecc| a,
|ec|ce ||utcs de |+ a+tu|+|e:+ ,, +s|a|sac, c||ece , +|+dece e|a+
aeateaeate. la es+ |e|+c| a t+a de||c+d+ , t+a cu|d+dcs+aeate a+a
tea|d+, e| |/a.|: ++|ece ccac ua+ tu|cu|eac|+ a+,c|, +| |u+| ue
e| c||st|+ac e+a ||cc ue, de |catc, |cae este c|c|c de |ec||cc|
d+d ae+adc |+ e\|steac|+ de |cs se|es |acc+dcs , |ec|+:+adc tcd+
||tu+||d+d ||+d+ + e||cs. la auc|+s ccaua|d+des, |+ |at|cducc| a de|
c||st|+a|sac e+a ||cc |+ c+us+dc cca||ctcs scc|+|es. \c cd + se|
de ct|+ a+ae|+, uestc ue est+ |e||| a desc+|||c+ |+ c sued+ de
+|aca + cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+. la 1|a||+,+, se |+a |cduc|dc c+scs de
c||cct+:cs + |cs e+ae||st+s +cus+dcs de |ccc+| |+a|:+d+s. :|a
eac+|c, se act+ ue dcade e| c||st|+a|sac e+a ||cc se |+ |aues
tc de a+ae|+ de|a|t|+ se |+a c|e+dc cs|c|caes |ate|aed|+s. t|||es
k|| |e (!+, aeac|ca+, c| e,ea|c, ue |cs e+ae||st+s de :+c+,+
+cet+a +s+| c+|cs cca |+ ccad|c| a de ac |e+||:+| |cs ||tu+|es.
Vincent nicOLAS
267 AnexO i
3. El tinku y El ayni EN lA rESOlucI N dE cONflIctOS
3.1. El tinku
l| //a|a es ua+ |ast|tuc| a |uad+aeat+| ea |+ |eeac| a , |esc|uc| a
de cca||ctcs. la c|||+, se +scc|+ est+ |ast|tuc| a cca ua+ |e| a de
te|a|a+d+, e| \c|te de lctcs , e|c se eacueat|+a +||+c|caes de est+
| ct|c+ + |c |+|c de |cs -ades.
l| //a|a es ua eeatc ||tu+| ea e| ue dcs c a s |ucs |ede|aea sus
|e|+c|caes aed|+ate |+ e|e+. la M+c|+, cu+adc dcs ccaua|d+des
t|eaea +| a cca||ctc s|a |esc|e|, se s+ce ue e| //a|a eat|e +ac+s
ccaua|d+des se| au, du|c. :e a ua test|aca|c |ecc|dc ea 1|a||
+,+, |cs ccaua+||cs de ua dete|a|a+dc |u+| de M+c|+ ue tea +a
c|cac+ + ct|+ ccaua|d+d |ue|ca +| //a|a cca e| .:||:) //|:.|:4,
es dec||, ese|+c+a t|+e| +| a aue|tc c| |+ du|e:+ ue se ese|+c+
de| ea||eat+a|eatc.
l| //a|a s||e, +| aeacs es auest|+ cca|cc| a, de c+t+||:+dc| de |cs
cca||ctcs , c||ece ua escea+||c +|+ su e\|es| a (s+|e tcd+ |+ c|ca
c+ ue teaeacs deat|c, , su |esc|uc| a (e| |esu|t+dc de |+ e|e+ es
s|a||c+t|c +|+ |cs |ate|es+dcs,. l+ ccac|us| a de |+ e|e+ a+|c+, +
su e:, |+ ccac|us| a (|cc+c|eaeate |c|s|ca+|, de| cca||ctc. :e| +
+|+d ,|cc ccas|de|+| e| //a|a ua aec+a|sac de |esc|uc| a +c |
c+ de cca||ctcs, s|a eac+|c, est c|+|c ue e| //a|a c+a+||:+ ua+
|c|eac|+ ue, de |c ccat|+||c, cd| + tca+| |cc|c|caes auc|c a s
|+es. tcac ccaeat+ te|+|d, e| //a|a se| + ua |ast|uaeatc de |esc
|uc| a de cca||ctcs ea e| ue |+ ||u|+ de |ed|+s |eea|+:+ |+ ||u|+
de |de+s (ccaua|c+c| a c|+|,. l| //a|a t|eae ue e| cca e| te|||tc
||c: ccae + cc||ad+ates de ct|cs +,||us c +|c|+||d+des ea ua |u+|
c|+|t|tc ue ccadeas+ e| te|||tc||c de +accs c+adcs. l| es+c|c de|
//a|a est tct+|aeate te|||tc||+||:+dc: |cs +,||us t|eaea sus c+||es, su
|u+| ea |+ |+:+ , |cs |ate|+ates de c+d+ c+adc ac uedea c+a|a+|
c| ct|+s c+||es a| c|u:+| |+ ||cate|+ |a|s|c|e ue d||de |+ |+:+ s|a
|ec|c|| + c+ac|c ua+ +||:+.
la+ |ccs|c| a ac e|||c+c|e es ue |+ |d|d+ de |u+|es//a|a
cc+s|ca+ ue |cs cca||ctcs se cca|e|t+a ea ea||eat+a|eatcs |acca
t|c|+c|es. l+ ||stc||+ c|+| de Q++c|+|+ aeac|ca+ ue ua+ tc||e de
|+ ||es|+ de Q++c|+|+ e|+ de lu|w+t+ (Q++c|+|+ |+c| + s|dc +|te
268 Vincent nicOLAS
de lu|w+t+, , |+ ct|+ tc||e de |cs l+,a|s (-|ac|d , \+|t+, 1))e: |1],.
la 1|a||+,+, |+ ||stc||+ c|+| aeac|ca+ ue ea M+t+asu,u |+c + ua+
c+||e d||sc|+ eat|e M+c|+ , 1|a||+,+ , ue su ||es|+ +|ce|+c+ + |cs
s+atcs de +accs c+adcs. lstcs s+atu+||cs cca+|t|dcs |+a des++|e
c|dc + |+ : de |+ |eest|uctu|+c| a te|||tc||+| ue |a||c |+ c| t|c+ de
|educc|caes de l|+ac|scc de 1c|edc + +|t|| de 1]]. la M+c|+, uac
de estcs s+atu+||cs cca+|t|dcs se a+atuc |+st+ |+ce ua+s d c+d+s
ea e| uec|c de -u||++s, dcade ua+ c+||e de||a|t+c+ e| sectc| M+c|+
de| sectc| lu|w+t+ , dcade |+ a|t+d de| tec|c de |+ ||es|+ est+c+ +
c+|c de lu|w+t+ , |+ ct|+ a|t+d + c+|c de M+c|+ (\|cc|+s, !]: |,.
hc, ea d +, est+ d||s| a te|||tc||+| de| uec|c se |e|te ea tc|uec|+
c+, dcade se ce|ec|+ ua //a|a eat|e +accs c+adcs c+d+ + c auec.
Qu|: s e\|st+ ua+ |e|+c| a eat|e |+ |d|d+ de| |u+|//a|a , |+ ++||
c| a de ue||+s de ||ade|cs au, |+|+s eat|e M+c|+ , 1|a||+,+ , ea
t|e Q++c|+|+ , l+,a|. :| e| //a|a es ua aec+a|sac de |eeac| a,
e\|es| a , |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, cd| +a |esu|t+| au, +|esu|+
dcs , |+st+ d+ |acs |cs |ateatcs de |+ l|es|+ t+t ||c+ c| e||+d|c+| e|
//a|a ea est+s |e|caes.
3.2. El ayni
l| :;a/ es ccas|de|+dc ua ||ac||c |uad+aeat+| ue ||e |+s |e|+
c|caes scc|+|es e|c t+ac| a de tcdc e| ua|e|sc: :;a/ c c|e| +|
eu|||c||c. l+s c||ead+s ||tu+|es (.|:||:, a.: , ./|:a.|:, sca
ccas|de|+d+s ccac +|te de ua :;a/ cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+, ea e| seat|dc
ue se deue|e +|c (cec|d+, s+a|e, aes+s ||tu+|es, + c+ac|c de |c
|ec|c|dc (|cductcs, |ctecc| a, |d+,. l+s |++s, c| |c t+atc, sca
t+ac| a +|te de este :;a/: |+s d||a|d+des c+st|+a |cs a+|cs cca
c|t+a|eatcs de |cs |cac|es, |+s c||ead+s a+| |ec|+s, etc. l| :;a/,
eae|+|aeate t|+duc|dc c| |ec||cc|d+d, |+ ||+a+dc |+ +teac| a
de |cs +at|c |ccs seu|dc|es de M+|ce| M+uss, ea e| a+|cc de |cs
estud|cs scc|e e| dca , e| ccat|+dca. l| :;a/ c |+ |ec||cc|d+d |+
s|dc estud|+dc eseac|+|aeate ea e| ac|tc |cduct|c: +,udc cca a|
t|+c+,c ea |+ s|eac|+ de t+| e|sca+, |uec es+ e|sca+ ae +,ud+. ls
ua ||ac||c de +,ud+ autu+ c sc||d+||d+d. |t|a+aeate, |cs estud|cs
de| 1-kl (1+||e|es -c|e|tcs scc|e kec||cc|d+d e late|cu|tu|+||d+d,
|+a +a+||:+dc |+ |ec||cc|d+d ea |+ c|+a|:+c| a scc|+| , |+ |ct+c| a de
c+|cs ea |+ ccaua|d+d (1ea|e, !|,. le|c e| :;a/, ea su seat|dc
a s +a||c, es dec|e| |c ue uac |+ |ec|c|dc cca |+ |de+ de c|e|
269 AnexO i
+| eu|||c||c, , este ||ac||c se +||c+ t+ac| a + |c ue 1ea|e deac
a|a+ |+ |ec||cc|d+d ae+t|+ c |c ue cca aaeate se ccas|de|+
ccac ea+a:+, eadett+.
!;a/ ra.:aa.|/' .h++acs +,a|! ls ua |ea+ ue se escuc|+ au
c|c ea |+s e|e+s. ls |+ |de+ ue se dece ||e+| + ua eu|||c||c: e||cs
|+a a+t+dc + uac de |cs auest|cs, e| :;a/ ccas|st|| + a+t+| + uac de
e||cs. l| dec|e| e| d+ c c+us+dc es ua +sc |e|c +|+ |+ |esc|uc| a
de cca||ctcs. Muc|+s eces |cs +cue|dcs , |cs cca|ca|scs ||a+
dcs cca |+s +utc||d+des ac sca |eset+dcs c|ue, ||ae|+aeate,
|+, ue eu|||c|+| |+s aue|tes de +accs |+dcs ,, desu s, +||e|+|.
- eces, ua+ de |+s +|tes ac t|eae a| |+ c++c|d+d aua ||c+ a| | s|c+
+|+ |+ce| e| :;a/, eatcaces cusc+ +c,c ea ct|cs +,||us aed|+ate |+
o/a|:. l| cca||ctc Q++c|+|+l+,a|}u|ua+a| se |a|c| eat|e }u|u
a+a| , l+,a|, |uec |cs |+,a|s se o/a|:ra + |cs ++c|+|+s cca e|
|a de +a+| + |cs ,u|ua+a|s, e|c ac ud|e|ca. luec, e| cca||ctc se
des+t eat|e l+,a| , Q++c|+|+ , |cs |+,a|s ||c|e|ca +||+a:+ cca |cs
,u|ua+a|s.
lstcs cca||ctcs, ccac se +|+ M+|ce|c le|a ade:, s| c|ea t|eaea ua
ccacaeate te|||tc||+| ac se c||cuasc||cea + este ac|tc. t ac ea
teade| ue ua+ ua+ c| uacs aet|cs de te|||tc||c ued+ des+t+|
ua+ |c|eac|+ |accat|c|+c|e: l+|+ e| a tcdc h+|+|d est c|+|c ue
|cs +,||us est a ea ua+ aecc|+c| a de cs|c|caes ,, c| |c t+atc, |+
c| + ue d||||| |+ aecc|+c| a |+c|+ sus |ate|eses, ue +a +|| de
|cs aet|cs e|d|dcs c +a+dcs. :|a eac+|c, e| cca||ctc de ||ade|cs
dece eateade|se se a |+ | |c+ de| :;a/ , ac |+ | |c+ de |+ cecc||+:
c+d+ ++ace dece ++|se cca ct|c ++ace , c+d+ aue|te cca ct|+
aue|te
|
.
4. lA AdMINIStrAcI N dE juStIcIA
-ates ue e| c+st|c de| |a||+ctc|, |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ c cca+a+|
cusc+ |+ |e+|+c| a de| d+ c, |c ue -atca|c le + }ua+ ||+a+ t+a
|
:cc|e |+s e|e+s de ||ade|cs ccac acdc de aecc|+c| a, e| ea est+ a|sa+ u
c||c+c| a e| estud|c: tca||ctcs de ||ade|cs , s+ae+a|eatc de t|e||+s ea |cs +,
||us. Mcdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs e |ate|eac| a de |cs +eates
e\te|acs.
270 Vincent nicOLAS
c| a |+ |ecs|c| a: |ecae| |c d+ +dc c |c sust|+ dc e|a|t|| |es
t+u|+| e| eu|||c||c. M|eat|+s |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+ se |eccu+ de c+st|
+| +| |a||+ctc| de,+adc + eces + |+ ct|a+ s|a ua+ |e+|+c| a s+t|s|+c
tc||+, |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ se ccu+ de |e+|+| e| d+ c cc+s|ca+dc
s|a cusc+| aeces+||+aeate ua cu|+c|e. la e| c+sc de ua+ e|e+, c|
e,ea|c, se cusc+ |e+|+| |cs d+ cs cc+s|ca+dcs (||+ctu|+s, etc., s|a
|ac|t+| u| a |+ |ccc+dc |+ e|e+. ke+|+| e| d+ c se |eseat+
ccac ua+ +|te|a+t|+ +| :;a/: |e+|+acs e| d+ c cc+s|ca+dc +| ct|c
+|+ e|t+| ue | acs deue|+ e| d+ c ea |c|a+ de :;a/.
l+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s t|eaea |+ |uac| a de +||e|+| |cs cca||c
tcs, +|+ e||c |aest|+a |cs |ec|cs, cca||cat+a + |+s +|tes, ||+a+a +
|cs test|cs ,, ,uatc cca |+ ccaua|d+d, cusc+a ccac|||+| + |+s +|tes ,
eeatu+|aeate est+c|ece| s+ac|caes. l+ |a+||d+d de |+ +da|a|st|+c| a
de ,ust|c|+ es e| e|d a autuc eat|e |+s +|tes ea cca||ctc, su |ecca
c|||+c| a de|a|t|+, |+ |eccast|ucc| a de| |+:c scc|+| a+|t|+t+dc c| e|
cca||ctc, |+ ||tu+||d+d est c||eat+d+ |ec|s+aeate + esc: + |eccac
ae| e| te,|dc scc|+|. le|c ac s|ea|e se |c|+ ua +cue|dc, eatcaces,
|+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ uede |ccede| c| c+st|c , se+|+c| a: es
dec||, + deste,e| c| cca|etc e| acu|c scc|+|, ccac |c e|eacs a s
+de|+ate.
lcs cca||ctcs uedea c|+s||c+|se se a su |+ed+d, ccac |c |+ce
M+|ce|c le|a ade: (//|: ,ust|c|+ c /:.|: ,ust|c|+,, se a e| ac|tc
de |esc|uc| a, ccac |ccae -atca|c le + }ua+ (|+a|||+| c ccau
a+|,, c se a +| act|c de| cca||ctc, ccac ea e| estud|c de| tlkl:
ea 1++c+|| (cca||ctcs scc|e c|eaes, c| e| |cac|, c| c|u,e| +,
etc.,. -u acs |ate|es+a |cs acdcs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, c|
|c ue e|eacs c|eeaeate |cs t|cs de cca||ctcs ue su|ea ea |+
ccaua|d+d ,, |uec, |+s |ast+ac|+s , |cced|a|eatcs ue |ate||eaea
ea su |esc|uc| a.
4.1. Confictosintracomunales
4.1.1. Confictosintrafamiliares
lcs cca||ctcs eat|e |+a|||+|es sca cct|d|+acs , su a+ae,c ac |eu|e
|e, eae|+|aeate, |+ |ate|eac| a de a|a a +ctc| e\te|ac. l+s e|e+s
eat|e escscs c eat|e |e|a+acs se |esue|ea de c| s , s|a |ate|ea
c| a. -| aeacs st+ es |+ s|tu+c| a ac|a+|, e|c + eces ccu||e ue
271 AnexO i
c|e|t+s +|e,+s c |e|a+acs e|e+a ccat|au+aeate s|a |c|+| sc|uc|c
a+| sus |cc|ea+s. la este c+sc, |ate||eaea |cs +||eates a+,c|es
cca ua |+dc de +utc||d+d |eccacc|dc c| +accs +|+ aed|+| ea e|
cca||ctc. la e| c+sc de +|e,+s c+s+d+s, |cs +d||acs sca |cs d||ec
tcs eac+|+dcs de +cuea+| + |+ +|e,+ , |||+| ue |+a c|ea. :|
dcs |e|a+acs e|e+a c| te||eacs, e| +d|e (s| est |c, c |cs t cs
|ate||eaea ccac aed|+dc|es +|+ +|||c+| + ua +cue|dc , |uec ||
|+a su cua||a|eatc. la estcs c+scs, |+s +utc||d+des, |ec+|c+ -atca|c
le + }ua+, |ate||eaea s |c +|+ |c|a+||:+| e| +cue|dc +| ue se |+
||e+dc , ac e\|ste |ate|eac| a de |+ ccaua|d+d: ea cu+atc + |cs
cca||ctcs +|t|cu|+|es, |+ |uac| a de |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es, c|
|c eae|+|, ac es |+ de +utc||d+des |esc|utc||+s, cc||+d+s + +||e|+|
c ccac|||+| + |cs |e|t|st+s (ccac s |c es de |cs |+acs |+a|||+|es,.
( , l+s +|tes de| cca||ctc +|t|cu|+| cca aaeate +||e|+a +ate |cs
|+acs |+a|||+|es , se |eseat+a +ate e| |+ac de |+s +utc||d+des
ccaua+|es s |c +|+ |c|a+||:+| u c|c|+||:+| ea +ct+s e| +||e|c |e
|c (le +, 1))~: !~,.
:|a eac+|c, uede sucede| ue ua+ de |+s +|tes +e|e + |+ +s+ac|e+
ccaua+| +|+ ue dec+t+ su c+sc , tcae ua+ |esc|uc| a +| |esectc.
-atca|c le + }ua+ aeac|ca+ e| c+sc de ua+ au,e| c|e+d+ ue se
ue, +ate |+ +s+ac|e+ ccaua+| +|+ ue ||+ae |+ +teac| a + su a+||
dc , |e cc||ue + c+ac|+| de +ct|tud. tu+adc ua+ +|e,+ |e a+|, |+s
+utc||d+des, desu s de |+ce| |+s +e||u+c|caes aeces+||+s, uedea
ccacc+| + |cs escscs , + sus +d||acs +|+ |e |||es, ea e| c+sc de
ua+ +|e,+ ,cea, |cs +d||acs |ec|c|| a a s |e|cc|es ue |cs |c
|cs escscs ue sca ccas|de|+dcs ccac u+u+s. l| cca||ctc eat|e
c a,ues dece se| |esue|tc ea e| seac de |+ +|e,+ cca |+ +,ud+ de |cs
+d||acs, s| e| cca||ctc se |+ e\tead|dc + |+ ccaua|d+d, u|e|e dec||
ue |cs +d||acs ac cua||e|ca cca su |c| ,, c| e||c, |ec|cea ua+
||+a+d+ de +teac| a au, |ue|te c| +|te de |+s +utc||d+des.
l+ ccaua|d+d t|eae t+ac| a |+ |+cu|t+d de |ate|ea|| ea ua cca||ctc
|+a|||+|, +uaue a|aua+ de |+s +|tes se |c |d+, s| ccas|de|+ ue e|
|cc|ea+ +|ect+ + |+ cca|eac|+ ccaua+|. kecc|deacs ue |cs a+|cs
ccac|t+a|eatcs (+du|te||c, +cc|tc c e|e+ cca de||+ae de s+a|e,
|ccc+a des|+c|+s, ccac |e|+d+s , |+a|:+d+s, ue sca |ate||et+
d+s ccac c+st|cs de |+ a+tu|+|e:+. tu+adc ccu||e +|ua+ de est+s
des|+c|+s, |+ ccaua|d+d sue|e +e||u+| u c u| a |+ s|dc e| c+u
272 Vincent nicOLAS
s+ate , |uec se s+ac|ca+ + |cs cu|+c|es. :e a |e|+t+ -atca|c le +,
ea t+|+|u,c, s| |+ +s+ac|e+ scsec|+ de ua +cc|tc c |a|+at|c|d|c,
uede a+ad+| + ua+ a+t|ca+ + |e|s+| e| e: a de |cs seacs de |+s
au,e|es. l+s s+ac|caes sca +||+c|es, e|c e| |est+c|ec|a|eatc de |+
+|aca + +s+ s|ea|e c| c|e|tc cu|d+dc ||tu+|: ea este c+sc, -atca|c
le + aeac|ca+ |+ aeces|d+d de d+| c||st|+a+ seu|tu|+ +| |etc ue |ue
+cc|t+dc , ue cca seu||d+d |ue eate||+dc c|+adest|a+aeate. le
|+ a|sa+ a+ae|+, M+|ce|c le|a ade: +act+ ue s| c|ea e| +cc|tc es
ccadea+dc c| e| cca a de |+ eate de| +,||u l+,a| s |c es c+st|+dc
cu+adc |cs |a||+ctc|es ac |+a cua||dc cca e| ||tu+| de| des+c|c,
c| +ue||cs a+c|dcs ue ac +|c+a:+|ca e| c+ut|sac. lstc u|e|e de
c|| ue ac se s+ac|ca+ e| |ec|c ccac t+| s|ac |+s ccasecueac|+s ue
+c+||e+ (!: |1e,.
tcac |+ s+ac| a uede se| de c|dea scc|ea+tu|+|, |+ sc|uc| a t+a
c| a uede ea|| c| ese |+dc: |cs escscs a+|||eates uedea sc
||c|t+| |+ +,ud+ + +| a s+atc, eaceade| e|+s c, |a+|aeate, |+ce|se
cu|+| cca ua cu|+ade|c. 1+atc +|+ |esc|e| |cs cca||ctcs ccac
+|+ |eea|||cs , +seu|+| ua+ cuea+ cca|eac|+ deat|c de |+ |+a|
||+, es cca a |+ce| |s+| |+ |c+ c| e| + stc| :+at|+c, esec|+|aea
te e| de cacc||.
la |esuaea, se ese|+ ue |cs cca||ctcs |+a|||+|es se |esue|+a ea
ese ac|tc, |+s +utc||d+des eae|+|aeate |ate||eaea s |c +|+ |c|
a+||:+| +| a +cue|dc. :| e| cca||ctc s+|e de| ac|tc |+a|||+|, ,+ se+ +
ed|dc de +|te c c| |+ ++||c| a de +|ua+ des|+c|+, |+ ccaua|d+d
uede |a|c|+| ua+ |aest|+c| a , cste||c|aeate est+c|ece| ua+ s+a
c| a +|+ |cs cu|+c|es.
4.1.2. Confictosinterfamiliares
l| cca||ctc cca|caete |+ cuea+ cca|eac|+ ea |+ ccaua|d+d ,
cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+, c| e||c |cs +ctc|es cusc+a |esc|e||c de a+ae|+
escat ae+ s|a ue a+d|e |es +,ude c |es cc||ue + |+ce||c. ls au,
cca a ue dcs e|sca+s, desu s de |+ce|se e|e+dc | s|c+aeate
c e|c+|aeate, se d|scu|ea , de |aaed|+tc se |d+a autu+aeate
e|d a +|+ |ese|+| |+ cuea+ cca|eac|+ eat|e e||cs. le|c, + eces,
e| cca||ctc se |+ce a s |+ade , |+ |ate|eac| a de |+s +utc||d+des se
ue|e aeces+||+. la estcs c+scs, |+s +|tes decea cca|caete|se +
273 AnexO i
ac ac|est+|se a s , se +s|a+ + c+d+ ua+ de e||+s ua +|+ate. :| ue|
ea + e|e+|, se |e ccc|+ |+ au|t+ d||ect+aeate +| +|+ate.
lcs cca||ctcs a s ||ecueates ea e| ac|tc |ate||+a|||+| sca c| te
||eacs c c| d+ cs c+us+dcs + |cs cu|t|cs c| |cs +a|a+|es. la es
tcs c+scs, |+s +utc||d+des |ate||eaea ccac |c|t|cs +|+ est+c|ece|
s+ac|caes , ac sc|+aeate ccac eedc|es +|+ |c|a+||:+| +cue|dcs.
la |+ ccaua|d+d, e\|ste ua+ +utc||d+d eac+|+d+ de |||+| |cs te||e
acs (cca d|st|at+s deaca|a+c|caes se a |cs |u+|es: |:.:/r/ ea e|
\c|te de lctcs , +eate ccaua+| ea 1|a||+,+ c +|c+|de de c+ac ea
1++c+||,. l||+ est+c|ece s+ac|caes + |cs |c|et+||cs de +a|a+|es ue
d+ +a |cs cu|t|cs, aed|+ate e| d| |cc cca |+s +|tes |ate|es+d+s,
|+ +utc||d+d est+c|ece |+ ccaeas+c| a ue dece| ++| e| due c
de| +a|a+|. lst+ ccaeas+c| a sue|e |,+|se ea |cductcs c (ea cc
aua|d+des a s ||+d+s +| ae|c+dc,, ccac |c aeac|ca+ e| estud|c
de| tlkl: ea 1++c+||, ea d|ae|c c aed|+ate e| t|+c+,c de| +a|a+|
|a||+ctc|.
Compensaci n en trabajo del animal: sta es la forma espec fca
; o /r-.a-a/- -a.a/r:4: -a .oaa/4:4- 4- :|/ar: 4a4- -|
)r)/ :a/o:| - -| a- ):: .a a /r:|:/ -| 4: a- |: .:a
:4 -| 4a- 4-| :a/o:| | )r-/: :| 4a- 4- | /-rr-a :/-.
/:4 ):r: a- /r:|:/- .a | )r aa 4 : o 4- :.a-r4 : |:
o:a//a4 4- | 4: /::4 )r -| :|.:|4- // - :)|/.: : |
:a/o:|- o:;r- .o |arr ::.: .:|:|| -| a- r-./|- -|
:a/o:| -a )r /:o - .o)ro-/- : .a/4:r| ; :|/o-a/:r| (tl
kl:, 1))): ~,
:| e| cca||ctc es c| te||eacs, |+s +|tes, c| |a|c|+t|+ |c|+, ue
dea ed|| |+ |ate|eac| a de |+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s, cu,+ ||ac|
+| ccaeteac|+ es |ec|s+aeate e| te|||tc||c. l+ +utc||d+d, desu s
de escuc|+| + +ac+s +|tes, |ccede + de||a|t+| e| te||eac ea ||t||c
+seu| adcse aed|+ate ua +ct+ ue |+s +|tes |eset+| a e| +cue|dc
||a+dc. la tcdcs |cs c+scs, se |eteade ue |cs +cue|dcs +|c+a:+dcs
tea+a c+| cte| de|a|t|c. l+|+ e||c, |+s +utc||d+des |ecca|ead+a +
|+ +|te dea+ad+ate ue, desu s de| +||e|c, ,+ ac dece| tcc+| e|
tea+ a| seu|| ac|est+adc + |+ e|sca+ dea+ad+d+ c+,c a|a a ac
t|c. -dea s, sue|e |ed+ct+|se ua +ct+ de cca|ca|sc ea e| l|c|c de
-ct+s de |+ ccaua|d+d ea e| ue se est+c|ecea |+s s+ac|caes ea c+sc
274 Vincent nicOLAS
de c|e| + |acu|||| ea |+ a|sa+ |+|t+. t+d+ ua+ de |+s +|tes ++ +
|+ +utc||d+d ua cc|de|c, ea +|+dec|a|eatc c| su aed|+c| a, este
+c uede eateade|se t+ac| a ccac ua+ sue|te de au|t+ +|+ d|
su+d|| |cs |e|tcs.
4.1.3. Confictoscomunales
lcs de||tcs a s |+es sca de ccaeteac|+ de |+ ccaua|d+d ea |eac
, su |esc|uc| a |eu|e|e |+ +|t|c|+c| a de tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs. lcs
de||tcs de |ccc, |ca|c|d|c, |c|+c| a , +du|te||c e|teaecea +| ac|tc
de |c ue M+|ce|c le|a ade: |+ deaca|a+dc /:.|: ,ust|c|+. la este
c+sc, |+ +utc||d+d ac uede |esc|e| e| cca||ctc cca |+s +|tes |ac
|uc|+d+s, |c dece |+ce| ea +s+ac|e+, cca |+ +|t|c|+c| a de tcdcs
|cs ccaua+||cs, u|eaes est+c|ecea |+ |+ed+d de |cs |ec|cs , |+
s+ac| a + +||c+|. l+ +utc||d+d t|eae |+ |uac| a de ccaduc|| e| dec+te,
d+| |+ +|+c|+ + |+s +|tes, +c+||+||+s s| |uese aeces+||c, |+st+ ||e+| +
ua+ dec|s| a ue se| tca+d+ ea ccaseasc c| e| cca,uatc de |cs
+s|steates.
la c+sc de |ccc, cu+adc se t|+t+ de |+ ||ae|+ e:, |+ ccaua|d+d
sue|e se| ceaec|eate , +||c+ e| ||ac||c de |e+|+c| a: e| |+d| a
dece dec|e| |c |cc+dc , +dea s uede se| su,etc + +| a c+st|c
+d|c|ca+| dest|a+dc + d|su+d|||c de tcdc |ateatc |utu|c. la c+sc de
aue|tes c+us+d+s c| e|e+s, |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ se a+at|eae |e|
+ su | |c+ de |e+|+c| a de| d+ c: ac cusc+ c+st|+| +| |ca|c|d+ s|ac
ccaeas+| + |+ |+a|||+ de| d||uatc. l+ au|t+ c| ua |ca|c|d|c se c+|
cu|+ se a + |+ ed+d de| d||uatc: s| |+ ct|a+ e|+ ua |cac|e ,cea
cca +||cs ||,cs aeac|es, |+ au|t+ se| au, e|e+d+ , se ++| + |+
|ud+ +||cs cue,es +dea s de ua+ sua+ de d|ae|c, e|c s| e| |ca
c|e e|+ ua +ac|+ac, cca seu||d+d |+ au|t+ se| auc|c a s |educ|d+.
la \u||a+ (aua|c||c de 1|au|+,+,, e| 1] de cctuc|e de !1, ls
tec+a +ut|st+ a+t + su t c, ua |cac|e +ac|+ac (t+a+:+, !!,. lc|
t|+t+|se de ua |cac|e |e,c, |+s +utc||d+des de| +,||u |c ccadea+|ca
+ ++| ua+ ce,+, e|c e| ,cea se |e|us + ++| ccse|+adc ue su
t c e|+ au, |e,c, |+ eate ea|u|ec|d+ c| su des+c+tc u|sc a+t+||c,
e|c se s+| eat|e adcse + |+ lc||c +. -| cc|+| +s , |a|es +| s|stea+
,u| d|cc c|c|+|, dcade e| +ses|a+tc ac se t|+as+ cca +a|a+|es.
lcs c+scs de |c|+c|caes |ec|cea ua t|+t+a|eatc au, d|e|sc se a
|+s c||cuast+ac|+s: +|uacs se s+ac|ca+a sc|+aeate cca ua+ ||+a+d+
275 AnexO i
de +teac| a c ua+ ccaeas+c| a ecua|+||+ +|+ |+ ct|a+ (tlkl:,
1))): e],, a|eat|+s ct|cs uedea se| c+st|+dcs cca |+ ea+ de aue|
te, esec|+|aeate s| |+ ct|a+ es ua+ au,e| c+s+d+. la cu+atc +| +du|
te||c, se d|ce ue +at|u+aeate e|+ c+st|+dc cca |+ aue|te de |cs
+a+ates e|c ea |+ +ctu+||d+d |cs c+st|cs ac +|ecea t+a d| st|ccs.
le|a+adc t+a+:+ aeac|ca+ e| c+sc de ua+ ea+ de aue|te +||c+d+
ea 1|a||+,+, ea e| +,||u Q+ +, + dcs +a+ates +d |te|cs e|c e| c+sc
se |eacat+ + 1)~~. :cc|e e| +|t|cu|+|, M+|ce|c le|a ade: ccaeat+
ue, +ates de 1)]!, ea e| +,||u l+,a|lu|+|+, |+ au,e| +d |te|+ e|+ ea
t|e+d+ +| cu|+ c + |e,cs sc|te|caes , ue, ea |+ +ctu+||d+d, se +||c+
|+ s+ac| a de| dest|e||c.
la c+sc de e|e+s au, |+es, ue |a||c+a |e||d+s ccas|de|+c|es ,
ue |ac|uc|+a + +||+s |+a|||+s, |+ ccaua|d+d dece tca+| c+|t+s ea
e| +suatc: ||ae|c se dece cusc+| ua +ce|c+a|eatc cca |+ +,ud+ de
|+s +utc||d+des +|+ ue cesea |+s e|e+s , +|+ ue |+s +|tes ea||ea
t+d+s +cetea +||e|+| sus d||e|eac|+s c| |+ + +c |c+. lesu s de
|+ce| e\uestc |+s +|tes |ac|uc|+d+s |cs |ec|cs ue se susc|t+|ca,
|+s +utc||d+des |ccedea + e+|u+| |cs d+ cs c+us+dcs c| |+ e|e+ ,,
|uec, se est+c|ecea de cca a +cue|dc |+s ccaeas+c|caes + ++|
c| |+s |e||d+s c+us+d+s , |+s cu|+c|caes |eue||d+s. la estcs c+scs,
est c|+|c ue |+s +utc||d+des sca |ac++ces de |acae| ua +cue|
dc uestc ue |+ ccaua|d+d, ue es |+ ue dece |+ce| |eset+| |+
dec|s| a de |+ +utc||d+d, se eacueat|+ d||d|d+. lc| |c t+atc, |+s +utc
||d+des decea cusc+| + ccac d |u+| ua+ ccac|||+c| a ,+ ue, de |c
ccat|+||c, |+s e|e+s ccat|au+| a.
\c es e\t|+ c, t|+s ua+ e|e+ |at|+ c |ate|ccaua+|, cusc+| |+ +s|steac|+
de |+ lc||c + s |c +|+ ue est+c|e:c+ c| esc||tc ua ||st+dc de |+s |e
||d+s: |+ c+at|d+d de d|eates |ctcs, |+s ||+ctu|+s, etc. lste dccuaeatc
s||e, |uec, +|+ cc||+| +| |escas+c|e c |cs |escas+c|es + ++| |c
est+c|ec|dc c| |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es, de ac cua|||se +ue||c,
se |cs +aea+:+ cca +s+| e| c+sc + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+. -| , e| +e|
de |+ +utc||d+d c||c|+| se |asc||ce deat|c de| |ccesc de aecc|+c| a
ccaua+|. l| t|+s|+dc de| c+sc + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+ es ua+ +aea+:+
ue se a+ae,+ ccast+ateaeate +|+ ue |cs +|esc|es +cetea ua
+||e|c ,ustc.
-u , |+ |+ed+d de |+ e|e+ es |+ ue e\|e |+ |ate|eac| a de |+ cc
aua|d+d, e|c e\|stea ct|+s |a||+cc|caes ue +utca t|c+aeate eae
276 Vincent nicOLAS
|+a ua cca||ctc ccaua+| , decea se| t|+t+d+s + este a|e|: |cs |cccs,
|cs |ca|c|d|cs , |+s |c|+c|caes. lstcs de||tcs |e|eseat+a ua+ +ae
a+:+ d||ect+ +|+ |+ ccaua|d+d , decea se| +tead|dcs cca |+ +|t|c|
+c| a de tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs. l+s +|tes |ac|uc|+d+s ac uedea
+||e|+| c| s sc|+s, a| s|u|e|+ cca |+ +|t|c|+c| a de |+s +utc||d+
des, aeces+||+aeate decea +|t|c|+| tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs, u|eaes
est+c|ecea |+ |+ed+d de |cs |ec|cs , |+ s+ac| a + +||c+|.
4.2. Confictosintercomunales
le |+ a|sa+ a+ae|+ ue ua+ e|e+ eat|e dcs e|sca+s uede c|
e|se ua |cc|ea+ +|+ tcd+ |+ ccaua|d+d s| ac se |esue|e |catc,
ua+ e|e+ |at|+ccaua+| uede |e|eseat+| ua |cc|ea+ +|+ tcdc
e| +,||u c +|+ +||cs +,||us s| se +ud|:+. lc| e||c, |cs +,||us uedea
c|+a|:+| ua+ |eua| a ea |+ ccaua|d+d ea cca||ctc +|+ cae| |a
+| ea||eat+a|eatc ,+ se+ + ed|dc de |cs ce||e|+ates c c| |a|c|+t|+
|c|+. la estcs c+scs, |+s +utc||d+des a+,c|es, succeat|+| , ceat|+|
|c|ac|+|, + a|e| s|ad|c+|, , |u|+|+s + a|e| de +,||us, sca u|eaes ea
c+ce:+a e| t|+c+,c de ccac|||+c| a. :|a eac+|c, es au, |ac|t+ate
act+| ue ac |+ce |+|t+ |+ |eseac|+ de ua+ +utc||d+d sue||c| +|+
aed|+| ea ua cca||ctc. l+s +utc||d+des de |+s +|tes ea cca||ctc
t+ac| a uedea eat+c|+| ua d| |cc , ua |ccesc de aecc|+c| a.
la auc|cs cca||ctcs de ||ade|cs, ac e\|stea +utc||d+des sue||c|es
|eccacc|d+s, c| |c ue |+ aecc|+c| a es ea|ead|d+ d||ect+aea
te c| |cs cc||ad+ates aed|+ate sus +utc||d+des. -uaue se+a de |+
+|te ccat|+||+, |+s +utc||d+des |as||+a |esetc , +t|ce||+||+s c e
+||+s es ccas|de|+dc ua de||tc sua+aeate |+e. l+s +utc||d+des,
a|eat|+s du|+ su c+|c, |stea s|acs d|st|at|cs ue e|a|tea su | c||
|eccacc|a|eatc e |as||+a e| |esetc de tcdcs: e| cac|c, e| c|+| a ,
|+ .|a):, ea e| c+sc de 1|a||+,+. l| cac|c ||ust|+ e| |c| |ctectc|
de |cs |u|+|+s ea +scc|+c| a cca |cs ce||cs, ea 1|a||+,+, +| |u|+|+
se |e d|ce 1+t+ :cac|+ c|ue ctc|+ scac|+ , |ctecc| a +| +,||u,
ccac |+ acat+ +. l+ +utc||d+d c|||a+||+ c|c|+ ea |+ |esc|uc| a de
cca||ctcs cca e| +| a de |eest+c|ece| |+ +|aca + cca |+ l+c|+a+a+,
ed|||e e|d a ,, c| e||c, s|ea|e dece +ad+| cca su cac|c. lca
luc|+ac a+a||est+ ue s|a estcs +t||cutcs, e| |u|+|+ cd| + |+ce|se
e+| ccac cu+|u|e| ;.:||: (\|cc|+s , ct|cs, !+: ~e~,.
l+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s, c| |c t+atc, sca ccaeteates +|+ +||e
|+| cca||ctcs cca |cs +,||us ec|acs, ,, de se| aeces+||c, uedea sc
277 AnexO i
||c|t+| |+ |eseac|+ de ct|cs +,||us ec|acs + t tu|c de test|cs , +|+a
tes. -s ccac ua +,||u uede o/a|:r- + ct|c +|+ |+ e|e+, uede
t+ac| a, +| acaeatc de |esc|e| +c |c+aeate sus cca||ctcs cca su
cc||ad+ate, ed|| |+ +|t|c|+c| a de ct|cs +,||us. l+ |ate|eac| a de
ua te|ce| +,||u +|+ +|+at|:+| e| des+||c||c de| d| |cc, |es|ca+| +
ua+ |esc|uc| a , +|+at|:+| e| +cue|dc (||a+s, t|eae ue e| cca |+
t|+d|c| a de |cs |/o: ac,caes ue +a+||:+acs ea e| estud|c scc|e
cca||ctcs de ||ade|cs. tu||cs+aeate, |cs +,||us ac sue|ea |ecu|||| +
su c|+a|:+c| a a+t||: (tca|ede|+c| a :|ad|c+| a|c+ de 1|+c+,+dc
|es t+aes|acs de c|||+ t:l1t c tcase,c \+c|ca+| de -,||us
, M+||+s de Qu||+su,c tO\-M-Q, +|+ aed|+| ea sus cca||ctcs.
tu+adc ac |c|+a +cue|dcs, |e|e|ea +e|+| + |+s |ast+ac|+s de| ls
t+dc: }ue:, lc||c +, last|tutc \+c|ca+| de ke|c|a+ -|+||+ (l\k-,, l|e
|ectu|+, se a e| c+sc. l+s sc||c|tudes de |ate|eac| a de| lst+dc ea
|cs cca||ctcs de ||ade|cs se decea + ue e| lst+dc es |stc ccac ua
te|ce|c c++: de |+ce| |ac||a+| |+ c+|+a:+ |+c|+ uac de |cs ce||e|+a
tes: ac se ese|+ ue +ct e ccac ua ,ue: |a+|c|+| s|ac ue |ate|
ea+ cca |ue|:+ su|c|eate +|+ |acae| ua+ sc|uc| a , +c+||+| + |+s
+|tes ea cca||ctc.
5. INStANcIAS y prOcEdIMIENtOS pArA
lA rESOlucI N dE cONflIctOS
5.1. Instancias
la ||ae| |u+|, |cs |c|cs +ctc|es t|eaea |+ cc||+c| a de |esc|e|
sus cca||ctcs, +|+ e||c uedea ed|| +,ud+ + sus +d||acs c +d|es.
la seuad+ |ast+ac|+, estcs cca||ctcs uedea se| +tead|dcs c| |+
+s+ac|e+ ccaua+|. lcs cca||ctcs , de||tcs a s |+es +s+a d||ect+
aeate + ccas|de|+c| a de |+ +s+ac|e+, a|eat|+s |cs cca||ctcs |ate|
ccaua+|es decea se| |esue|tcs ea ||ae| |u+| c| |+s ccaua|d+des
ea cca||ctc, |+s cu+|es uedea se| |es|ca+d+s c| ct|+s ccaua|d+
des c +,||us +|+ ||e+| + ua +cue|dc.
5.1.1. Laasamblea
l+ +s+ac|e+ es |+ |ast+ac|+ ea |+ ue se +a+||:+a , d|scutea tcdcs |cs
cca||ctcs ue +|ect+a + |+ ccaua|d+d. la |+ +s+ac|e+, tcdcs uedea
tca+| |+ +|+c|+ , |+ce| ccacce| su c|a| a , |+s dec|s|caes sca tc
a+d+s ea c+se +| ccaseasc. lst+ |c|a+ de cce|a+| se ,ust||c+ c|
278 Vincent nicOLAS
|+ aeces|d+d de |ese|+| |+ ua|d+d de |+ ccaua|d+d. :| se ct+|+, |+
eate ue ac est de +cue|dc cca |+ a+,c| + ued+| + d|scca|c|ae
,, c| |c a|sac, se| + ua |+ctc| de desua| a. le|c tca+| dec|s|caes
c| ccaseasc c ua+a|a|d+d ac es ua+ t+|e+ | c||: sucae |+|+s |c
|+s de d|scus|caes, de,+| ue c+d+ uac e\ca+ su uatc de |st+,
est+| d|suestc + cede|, etc. la |+ +s+ac|e+, se +cet+ ue tcd+s |+s
e|sca+s |+c|ea, +ua s| |e|tea |c ,+ d|c|c, c|ue ac se uede d+|
c| scc|eeatead|d+ a|aua+ cs|c| a. :e ese|+ de |+ +utc||d+d ue
d|||,+ , c||eate |cs dec+tes, ue |+c|e cca se|ea|d+d , |esetc ,, +ate
tcdc, ue cu|de |+ ua|d+d de |+ ccaua|d+d. la+ +utc||d+d ac dece
c|eade| + a+d|e cca sus +|+c|+s, dece cusc+| ue |+s cs|c|caes ea
ccat|+d+s se +ce|uea , ccast|u|| ccc + ccc ua+ cs|c| a de cca
seasc. la s ates|s, |+ +utc||d+d dece s+ce| |+c|+| c|ea , |+c|+| c|ea
ea |cs -ades es |c ccat|+||c de |+ c|+tc||+, se t|+t+ de ua d|scu|sc s|a
e|eaeac|+ a| +s| a, ua d|scu|sc se|eac, ++c|u+dc, ue cusc+ e|
ccaseasc.
5.1.2. El ampliado
la 1|a||+,+, +|+ +||e|+| cca||ctcs eat|e ccaua|d+des, |cs d|||ea
tes s|ad|c+|es , |+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s sue|ea ||+a+| + ua +a||+
dc dcade se |e|cducea |cs |cced|a|eatcs de |+ +s+ac|e+. - es+|
de ue |+ | |c+ s|ad|c+| es d|st|at+ (+da|te e| ctc , c|e|t+ deacc|+c|+
|e|eseat+t|+,, |cs +a||+dcs s|ad|c+|es s |c |c|+a +||e|+| +| a
|cc|ea+ cu+adc se |acae ua ccaseasc.
la e| c+sc de \u||a+, |+s ccast+ates e|e+s eat|e e| |+ac|c de +|||c+
, e| de +c+,c c+us+|ca |+ |ate|eac| a de +||cs +,||us. :e a he|a
eaes \|a+, de d|c|+ ccaua|d+d, |+ e|e+ du| ua aes, d + , acc|e,
cca |ed|+s, |cad+s, a+c|etes, +|cs , d|a+a|t+s. l+|+ sc|uc|ca+| e|
+suatc, |+s +utc||d+des de |cs +,||us Qu||+a+ la+||, :u|||+ la+||, Qu||+
a+ +,+ , Q+a+s+ +,+ ccacc+|ca + ua +a||+dc ea \u||a+. :e ||c|e
|ca |eseates |+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s , s|ad|c+|es , |+s c+ses de |cs
cu+t|c +,||us, |+c| adcse ua tct+| de |] e|sca+s. l+ |eseac|+ de
t+at+ eate ccast|tu + ua aec+a|sac de |es| a +|+ cc||+| + ||e+|
+ ua +cue|dc ,+ ue, a|eat|+s du|+c+a |+s aecc|+c|caes, |+ ccaua|
d+d tea + ue +||aeat+| + tcdcs |cs |eseates. lesu s de dcs d +s
, ua+ acc|e, |cs ccaua+||cs de \u||a+ ||e+|ca + ua +cue|dc. t+d+
279 AnexO i
ua+ de |+s +|tes ea cca||ctc tuc ue ++| ua cue,, cu,+ c+|ae |ue
|e+|t|d+ eat|e |cs cu+t|c +,||us |eseates.
5.2. procedimientos
l+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ t|eae |+ |a+||d+d de a+ateae| c |eest+c|ece| |+
ua|d+d de |+ ccaua|d+d. lc| e||c es t+a |ac|t+ate |+ |eccac|||+c| a
eat|e |+s +|tes ea cca||ctc. lcae| uatc |a+| + ua cca||ctc, |+ce|
|+s +ces, de,+| +t| s |cs |asu|tcs, |eccast|u|| |+ +|aca + eat|e tcdcs
|cs a|eac|cs de |+ ccaua|d+d sucae ua+ se||e de |cced|a|eatcs ,
cu|d+dcs ||tu+|es ue +cca+ +a |+ +da|a|st|+c| a de ,ust|c|+.
5.2.1. procedimientos investigativos
la |+ ccaua|d+d, e| |ccesc ,ud|c|+| se c+s+ c+s| e\c|us|+aeate ea
|+s dec|+|+c|caes. tcac |c |ad|c+ -atca|c le + }ua+ (1))~: !|,,
ac |+, aeces|d+d de |uec+s, |+ +|+c|+ de |+s +|tes , de |cs tes
t|cs es eae|+|aeate su|c|eate. lc| e||c, e\|stea |cced|a|eatcs ||
tu+|es ue +seu|+a |+ e|+c|d+d de |cs test|aca|cs. l| ||ac|+| es
e| ,u|+aeatc. - |cs scsec|cscs se |cs |+ce ,u|+| scc|e |+ +|+ de
a+adc de |+ +utc||d+d c|||a+||+ +|+ ue dec|+|ea |+ e|d+d. lst+
+|+, sua+aeate s+|+d+, es t+ac| a deaca|a+d+ s+as|au (s+at s|
ac, ea |e|e|eac|+ + su cde| d||ac. ls de ccacc|a|eatc c||cc ue
u|ea ccaet+ e|,u||c scc|e e| s+at s|ac |+ de ac||| c| e| c+st|c
de |+ +|+. l+ +|+ de |+s +utc||d+des dece est+| t+ac| a ,u|+aea
t+d+, +|+ e||c, |+s +utc||d+des eat|+ates |e |+cea escuc|+| a|s+
de ke,es. M+|ce|c le|a ade: aeac|ca+ t+ac| a, ea e| +,||u l+,a|,
|+ |eseac|+ de ua+ aes+ ||tu+| de ,u|+aeatc ccauest+ c| :+atc
t||stc (ua+ c|u:,, |c+ de |utc c |ead+s de cc|c| ae|c, dcs cue|acs
de +c+, ua cuc||||c, dcs e|+s |ead|d+s, s+|, ua a+ac,c de +, es ea
te|cs , |+ +|+ +|+ (le|a ade:, !: |],.
-dea s de| ,u|+aeatc, es cca a ||e+| +| +cus+dc +| ceaeate||c +|+
ue +se |+ acc|e +t+dc de |es , a+acs. le est+ a+ae|+ se ccas|ue
+teac||:+||c +|+ ue +| d + s|u|eate dec|+|e tcd+ |+ e|d+d. :e a
M+|ce|c le|a ade:, e| eace||+| c| ua+ c +||+s acc|es +| +utc| de
+| a de||tc ea e| ceaeate||c es t+ac| a ua c+st|c ue s||e +|+
|+ce||c |ec++c|t+|. lste c+st|c, deaca|a+dc o//r |a;r: ea e| +,||u
l+,a|, de,+ + |+s +|a+s e| cu|d+dc de d|sc|||a+| +| |a||+ctc|.
280 Vincent nicOLAS
:| c|ea |+s dec|+|+c|caes sca e| susteatc ||ac|+| de |cs |ccescs
,ud|c|+|es ccaua+|es, |+ c sued+ de |uec+s ac es tct+|aeate +,ea+
+ est+ | ct|c+. ls +s ue -atca|c le + aeac|ca+ ue, ea c+sc de
+c|e+tc, |+s +utc||d+des uedea seu|| |+s |ue||+s de,+d+s c| |cs
+a|a+|es +|+ eaccat|+| e| |u+| dcade |ue|ca ||e+dcs (1))~: !11, ,,
ea c+sc de |ccc, e| eaccat|+| |cs cc,etcs |cc+dcs ea |+ c+s+ de| scse
c|csc es ccas|de|+dc ccac ua+ |uec+. l+ aeac|ca+d+ |asecc| a
de |cs e:caes cc||escade t+ac| a + |+ c sued+ de |uec+s.
:| ac se t|eae |uec+s a+te||+|es a| test|cs ccu|+|es, |+s +utc||d+des
sue|ea |ecu|||| +| ,+t|||. | uede e| ea ccc+ d ade se eacueat|+a |cs
cc,etcs |cc+dcs. tu+adc des++|ece +| a cc,etc de +|c| , se des
ccacce |+ |deat|d+d de| |+d| a, se uede d+| ua |+:c (c| e,ea|c,
!+ |c|+s, +|+ ue ++|e:c+ e| cc,etc ea ua |u+| dete|a|a+dc c+,c
+aea+:+ de |ecu|||| +| ,+t||| +|+ descuc||| , c+st|+| +| |+d| a. lst+s
+aea+:+s sue|ea su|t|| e|ectc ,+ ue se s+ce ue e| c+st|c scc|ea+
tu|+| ue |+ de ||e+| aed|+ate e| ,+t||| es auc|c ec| +| ue cd| +
dete|a|a+| |+ ccaua|d+d.
5.2.2. procedimientos para la reconciliaci n
El akulliku
l| ||ac|+| , a s cde|csc |ast|uaeatc +|+ |+ (|e,ccac|||+c| a es e|
:|a||/|a. l+ ccc+ acs |at|cduce + ua |e|st|c de| |+c|+ d|st|atc, |+, ua
|+c|+ de |+ ccc+. l| |ec|c de )//.|-:r cu+adc |+c|+acs, acs e|a|te
a+ce|+| auest|+s |de+s, eas+||+s ae,c| +ates de |ccae||+s, acs
|aduce + ua |eau+,e a s |e|e\|c, a s |at|csect|c, a s s+c|c. lc|
esc es t+a |ac|t+ate ue |+s +utc||d+des )//.|--a. Med|+ate |+ ccc+
, |+ .|a): acs ccaua|c+acs cca |cs ce||cs, c| |c t+atc, |cs ce||cs
sca ccacc+dcs ea auest|+s d|scus|caes. lstc se ||+a+ .|a)/;:;,
ea uec|u+, , ccas|ste ea sc|+| cca |+ .|a): |+c|+ |cs ce||cs. l+
ccc+, +dea s, se cca+|te, c| |c t+atc, cc||+ + |e+aud+| |+s |e|+
c|caes ue e| cca||ctc |cc+c|eaeate |+ |ctc: e| |ate|c+ac|c de |+s
.|a): (e| ar//r/;, |a||c+ ,+ ua |eccacc|a|eatc autuc. t|+c|+s +
|+ ccc+, ,+ ac scacs dcs e|sca+s (c dcs ccaua|d+des, ea||eat+d+s
|+ ua+ cca |+ ct|+, |+, ua te|ce| e|eaeatc ue aed|+ eat|e acsct|cs
, este e|eaeatc es |+ ccc+. :| ,c ae +|te|c, ac ae +|te|c s |c ||eate
+ est+s e|sca+s s|ac ||eate + |+ ccc+ , ||eate + |+ l+c|+a+a+ cca |+
281 AnexO i
cu+| ae |acu|+ |+ ccc+. la |cs |ccesc de aecc|+c| a, se e|deac|+,
a s +|| de |cs d|scu|scs c| t|ccs, e| c+| cte| s+|+dc de |+ |c,+ de
ccc+. la sus uscs ||tu+|es, |+ ccc+ es deaca|a+d+ /a:| o:o:, t+atc
ea uec|u+ ccac ea +,a+|+, |c ue su|e|e ue es auest|+ a+d|e.
:e+ cu+| se+ e| t+a+ c de| cca||ctc, ac |+, |ccesc de aecc|+c| a
ue ac ea|ece cca ua )//.|a. :| |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua+| cusc+ |e+aud+|
e| acu|c eat|e +|tes eaea|st+d+s, e| |ate|c+ac|c de |+s .|a):
s|acc||:+ c|e| + te,e| e| |+:c scc|+|.
la merienda
l| |ate|c+ac|c de .|a): uede |c|c+|se ea ua |ate|c+ac|c de
cca|d+s , de .|:||:. lu|+ate |cs +||e|cs de ||ade|cs, se uede cc
se|+| ue |cs +,||us |e+||:+a ae||ead+s ea |cs ac,caes a s |ac|t+a
tes, dcade se |a|t+a autu+aeate cca|d+. l| |a|t+| cca|d+ s|a||c+
t+ac| a |e+aud+| |+s |e|+c|caes de cuea+ +a|st+d eat|e +,||us. luede
ccu|||| ue e| |ate|c+ac|c de cca|d+ se+ |auestc +|+ cc||+| + |+s
+|tes + |eccac|||+|se. la +s ue ea e| aeac|ca+dc +a||+dc de \u||
a+, |cs ce||e|+ates tu|e|ca ue ccc|a+| ua+ |+u+ de t||c ue |uec
cca|e|ca ,uatcs eat|e eaea|cs, de dcs ea dcs, c+d+ ccaua+||c |+
c + ccae| +| ct|c. - |cs ue se |es|st +a, |es d|e|ca c||cct+:cs. -| |a+|,
tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs cca|e|ca |+ |+u+ d|scu| adcse , |e|t|eadc:
est+acs su|||eadc c| e|e+| (he|a eaes \|a+, eat|e|st+ |e+||
:+d+ ea a+,c de ! c| 1e|es+ Qu|at+a|||+,. lste |cced|a|eatc
||tu+| e\|es+ |+ aeces|d+d de |eccacae|, +uaue se+ + |+ |ue|:+, e|
|+:c scc|+| eat|e |+s +|tes.
5.3. la disyuntiva de la reconciliaci n y la separaci n
5.3.1. los castigos
- t|+ s de |cs +||e|cs c +cue|dcs, |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ cusc+
+ate tcdc |+ |eccac|||+c| a de |+s +|tes ea cca||ctc ,, de est+ a+ae
|+, |+ |ese|+c| a de |+ ua|d+d de |+ ccaua|d+d. le|c |+ |esc|uc| a
de |cs cca||ctcs ac +s+ s|ea|e c| ua+ ccac|||+c| a eat|e +|tes,
t+ac| a uede +s+| c| su se+|+c| a. \ |cs c+st|cs e|teaecea +
est+s dcs | |c+s: +|uacs sca +|te de| |ccesc de ccac|||+c| a a|ea
t|+s ct|cs (|cs a s see|cs, +uat+a + ua+ |esc|uc| a c| se+|+c| a.
l+s au|t+s, |cs c||cct+:cs , |+ ||+c| a teac|+| de c|e|tcs de|ec|cs
sca +|te de |+ aecc|+c| a. lcs +:ctes, c| e,ea|c, cusc+a cc||e||
282 Vincent nicOLAS
+| |a||+ctc|, c| |c t+atc, sca +||c+dcs +|+ e|a|t|| ua+ |e|ase|c| a
tct+| , cca|et+ de| |ad||duc + |+ ccaua|d+d. l| dest|e||c , |+ ea+
de aue|te, c| e| ccat|+||c, ac cusc+a |eccacae| e| |+:c scc|+| cca
e| |a||+ctc| s|ac d|sc|e||c de|a|t|+aeate. lst+s s+ac|caes se +||c+a
cu+adc |+ |eccac|||+c| a es |acs|c|e.
5.3.2. las multas
le |+ a|sa+ a+ae|+ se ++ ua+ |e+|+c| a + |+ ct|a+ +|+ ccaeas+|
e| d+ c ue se |e |+ c+us+dc, se ++ ua+ au|t+ +|+ ccaeas+| e|
d+ c |ccc+dc +| c|dea ac|+| , a+tu|+| de |+ ccaua|d+d, , e| +c
+ ea ceae|c|c de |+ cc|ect||d+d (le +, 1))~: !)e,. lc| e||c, |+s au|t+s
ccat||cu,ea + |+ |eccast|tuc| a de| acu|c scc|+| , + |+ |e|ate|+c| a
|ea+ de| |a||+ctc| + |+ ccaua|d+d.
5.3.3. Loschicotazos
l| c||ccte ue |+s +utc||d+des +,a+|+s sue|ea ||e+| c|u:+dc ea e|
ec|c |as||+ |esetc , t+ac| a s||e +|+ c+st|+|. l| c||ccte de |+
+utc||d+d, +| |u+| ue |+ +|+, dece se| ,u|+aeat+dc. \c uede se|
+||c+dc + |cs a| cs, +|+ esc est e| c||ccte |+a|||+|: e| |/a: ):||
:, ea uec|u+, c |/o: .|:r:a/, ea +,a+|+. l+s |aest|+c|caes et
ac| |c+s |e+||:+d+s c| M+|ce|c le|a ade: +|ecea acst|+| ue e|
c||ccte de |+ +utc||d+d t|eae |+ c++c|d+d de u|t+| e| a+| +| |a||+ctc|,
e|c t+ac| a uede u|t+||e |+ |ue|:+ |t+| + |+ +utc||d+d. la este
c+sc, c||ccte+| + ua+ e|sca+ |e|eseat+ ua |ccesc +|ec|dc + ua+
cu|+c| a c + ua c+ac|c, ea e| ue se |e u|t+ e| a+| +| ea|e|ac e|c
e| cc,etc ea e| ue se |+ ued+dc e| a+| uede ccat+|+| + ct|c. lc|
esc se ccas|de|+ ue e| usc de| c||ccte de |+ +utc||d+d ea |cs a| cs
|cs c|e| + de|a|t|+aeate |c|cscs , a+|c||+dcs.
M+|ce|c le|a ade: aeac|ca+, ea su estud|c de c+sc de |+ a+||+
\+|u, ue |cs c||cct+:cs sca +da|a|st|+dcs ea c+at|d+d dete|a|a+d+
se a + |+ |+ed+d de| de||tc ue s+ac|ca+a , aeac|ca+ e| test|ac
a|c s|u|eate:
/:r: | 4-|// o-ar- .rr-)a4- :)|/.:r aa: |/|r: 4- .|/./:
: | 4-|// o-4/:a a :a./a:4 .a aa: :rr|: 4- .|/.
/:: -a .:o|/ | 4-|// o:;r- a .://:4 .a aa a/a/:|
4- .|/./- (M+|ce|c M+a+a|, c|t+dc ea le|a ade:, !: !!+,
283 AnexO i
la+ ||c|+ eu|+|e + t|es c||cct+:cs, |+ cu+|t|||+ + se|s, |+ aed|+ +||cc+
+ dcce , |+ +||cc+ + !+ c||cct+:cs. la este ccate\tc, |+ +||c+c| a de
c||cct+:cs t|eae |+ |uac| a de cc||e|| +| |a||+ctc| , e|a|t|| su |e|a
te|+c| a t|a+ ea |+ scc|ed+d.
:|a eac+|c, se a |+s eat|e|st+s |e+||:+d+s + e\ +utc||d+des de |cs
+,||us de 1|a||+,+, e| c+st|c deeade a s de |+ +ct|tud de| |a||+ctc|
ue de |+ |+ed+d de |+ |a||+cc| a. :e |ecu||e + |cs c||cctes cu+a
dc e| |a||+ctc| deauest|+ ua+ +ct|tud a+c|u a+c|u c |ecteate:
cu+adc |ec|+:+ |+ |ate|eac| a de |+s +utc||d+des, se cu||+ de |+ c
t|a+ c +aea+:+ cca |eet|| |+ |a||+cc| a. :| e| |a||+ctc| deauest|+
|ua||d+d, |eccacce sus e||c|es, deauest|+ su c|uat+d de |e+|+| +
|+ ct|a+ , se cca|caete + ac c|e| + |acu|||| ea seae,+ates +ctcs,
cca tcd+ seu||d+d e| c+st|c se| auc|c aeac| c ac |+c| c+st|c.
latcaces, |+ +||c+c| a de c||cct+:cs es |st+ ccac ua aed|c +|+
+ce|c+| + |+s +|tes , cc||+||es + +cet+| ua +cue|dc.
5.3.4. la restricci n de derechos
l+ ccaua|d+d uede dec|d|| |est||a|| |cs de|ec|cs de ua+ |+a|||+
ue |+ |acua||dc c|e|t+s cc||+c|caes. l+ s+ac| a sue|e est+c|ece|se
t|+s ccast+t+|se ue ua+ e|sca+ se eac+||c|+ , |ec|+:+ |+s dete|a|
a+c|caes de |+ ccaua|d+d. la +s+ac|e+, |+ eate uede dec|d|| ae
+||e e| +ccesc + c|e|t+s t|e||+s ccaua+|es (le +, 1))~: ||, c +| usc
de| +u+ de ||ec. lst+s s+ac|caes s||ea, +ate tcdc, +|+ |es|ca+| +
|+ |+a|||+ + ue +sua+ su |escas+c|||d+d , se |e|ate|e |ea+aeate +
|+ ccaua|d+d. lc| |c t+atc, |+ s+ac| a es ccacec|d+ ccac ua+ aed|d+
t|+as|tc||+ ue es |e+at+d+ ea cu+atc |+ +|te ea cca||ctc +cete |+
|esc|uc| a de |+ ccaua|d+d.
5.3.5. El destierro y la pena de muerte
lcs c+st|cs de dest|e||c , ea+ de aue|te, +| ccat|+||c de |cs +ate
||c|es, t|eaea |+ |uac| a de |cae| e| acu|c scc|+| cca e| de||acuea
te, u|ea es ++|t+dc de|a|t|+aeate de |+ ccaua|d+d. lst+s s+ac|c
aes se +||c+a + |cs |a||+ctc|es ue |e|ac|dea ea e| de||tc + es+| de
|+s +de|teac|+s |ec|c|d+s +ate||c|aeate +|+ |ect||c+| su ccac|
t+a|eatc. tu+adc ua |+d| a |e|ac|de ea |cc+|, se |c uede e\u|s+|
de|a|t|+aeate de |+ ccaua|d+d. :e a e| tlkl:, est+ ea+ se +||c+
ea 1++c+|| cu+adc |+ e|sca+ ea cuest| a e|tu|c+ |+ cca|eac|+
284 Vincent nicOLAS
de |+ ccaua|d+d c |e|eseat+ ua ||esc +|+ |+ seu||d+d de sus |+c|
t+ates (tlkl:, 1))): )],. l| dest|e||c es ccas|de|+dc |+ |t|a+ ea+
+|te|a+t|+ + |+ ea+ de aue|te: |+ e|sca+ ccadea+d+ ac dece| c|
e| auac+ + |+ ccaua|d+d sc ea+ de se| |aaed|+t+aeate cc|+d+.
l+ ea+ de aue|te s |c uede se| +||c+d+ c| dec|s| a ua a|ae
de tcd+ |+ ccaua|d+d, de |c ccat|+||c c|e+| + d||s|caes |ate|a+s ,
se| + ccat|+|cduceate. lc| e||c, auc|+s eces t|eae e| c+| cte| de
||ac|+a|eatc. la +||cs c+scs |ec|t+dcs c| M+|ce|c le|a ade:, |+
ccaua|d+d cc||+ + |cs +d|es de| de||acueate + e,ecut+| + su ||,c.
lste |ec|c uede se| |ate||et+dc de dcs a+ae|+s: ccac ua+ s+a
c| a + |cs +d|es c| ac |+ce| s+c|dc educ+| c|ea + su ||,c, ccac |c
|ccae M+|ce|c le|a ade:, c, c| e| ccat|+||c, uede eateade|se
c| |+ aeces|d+d de |cae| e| |+:c scc|+| ue ua + e| de||acueate cca
su +|eate|+. :| |+ |+a|||+ ac |cae |+ sc||d+||d+d cca e| de||acueate,
|+ cu|+ cd| + |ec+e| scc|e e||+ , de est+ a+ae|+ e| cca||ctc e|du
|+| + eat|e |cs ccaua+||cs.
:e a la||ue M|e| tuetc, |+ ea+ de aue|te ac se +||c+ |c, ea d +
ea |+s ccaua|d+des +,a+|+s (M|e|, !|: e,. lst+ +see|+c| a, s|a
eac+|c, est ea cca|et+ ccat|+d|cc| a cca |c ue d|ce |+ |eas+,
ue |ec|t+ e|| d|c+aeate t+|es |ec|cs, c+|||c adc|cs eae|+|aea
te ccac ||ac|+a|eatcs. l| aes de cctuc|e de !], 1] ccaua+||cs de
1u||:+ |ue|ca |acu|+dcs de| +ses|a+tc de dcs e|sca+s (dcs |+d|caes
ue |ue|ca sc||ead|dcs ea |+ ccaua|d+d,, |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+ |cs
seateac| + 1e + cs de ||s| a (/| // !+ de cctuc|e de !],. lste
s|a|e |ec|c deauest|+ ue |+ ea+ de aue|te s|ue s|eadc +||c+
d+ ea |+s ccaua|d+des , ue su +||c+c| a es ea+d+ c| |+ ,ust|c|+
c|d|a+||+.
5.3.6. la separaci n por mutuo acuerdo
tu+adc ||+c+s+a |cs |ateatcs +|+ ||e+| + ua+ ccac|||+c| a ea |+s d||e
|eates |ast+ac|+s de |+ ccaua|d+d, |+s +|tes uedea |+ate+| ua+ se
+|+c| a de|a|t|+ c| autuc +cue|dc, se+ cu+| se+ e| a|e| ea e| ue
se |eseat+ e| cca||ctc: |+ +|e,+, |+ |+a|||+, |+ ccaua|d+d c e| +,||u. :|
|cs |ateatcs +|+ +cuea+| , |eccac|||+| + |+s +|tes ||+c+s+a, se cca
s|de|+ ue |+ se+|+c| a es |+ ae,c| sc|uc| a. -s , ua+ +|e,+ c+s+d+
uede se+|+|se , |+ce||c ccast+| ea |cs ||c|cs de +ct+s de |+ ccaua|
285 AnexO i
d+d. la+ |+a|||+ ue t|eae ccast+ateaeate |cc|ea+s cca |+s dea s
|+a|||+s de |+ ccaua|d+d uede dec|d|| || + ||| + ct|+ ccaua|d+d, e|
|cced|a|eatc es e\cec|ca+|, e|c ea 1|a||+,+ se |+ d+dc e| c+sc
de ua+ |+a|||+ cca au, a+|+s |e|+c|caes cca |+s dea s ue |d| se|
+dct+d+ c| |+ ccaua|d+d ec|a+, |+ cu+| |+ +cet . l| ||esc de est+
sc|uc| a es ue e| cca||ctc se e\t|ead+ , +se de| ac|tc |ate||+a|||+|
+| ac|tc |ate|ccaua+|. lc |c|c ccu||e cca ccaua|d+des eate|+s:
ea 1|a||+,+ se s+ce ue |+ ccaua|d+d de 1c|cc|| u|e|e e|teaece|
+ |+ |c|ac|+ t|+,+at+ c| |cs |cc|ea+s ue t|eae cca |+s dea s
ccaua|d+des de su +,||u. :|a eac+|c, |+s ct|+s ccaua|d+des ac |e
ccacedea e| e|a|sc, c| |c ue e| cca||ctc s|ue ea /:/a a. 1+a
c| a es cs|c|e ue ua +,||u dec|d+ se+|+|se de |cs dea s , e|te
aece| + ct|+ |c|ac|+ +|+ |cae| cca|et+aeate |+s |e|+c|caes cca
sus +at|ucs |e|a+acs. l| a|cc c+sc de este t|c ue |eacs cd|dc
|deat||c+| es e| de| +,||u :u|||+w+a+ de t+|u+,c ue t|+s ua cca||ctc
cca |cs +,||us de |+ |c|ac|+ -+|c+ +s + e|teaece| + |+ |c|ac|+
1ca s l| +s, c+at a l|a|||, acd||c+adc, c| |c t+atc, c| dec|s| a
|c|+ e| | a|te eat|e |cs de+|t+aeatcs de O|u|c , lctcs . la tc
dcs estcs c+scs, |+ se+|+c| a es ccas|de|+d+ ua acdc de |esc|uc| a
de cca||ctc +|te|a+t|c + |+ |eccac|||+c| a. l| |+:ca+a|eatc es: ccac
ac cdeacs teae| cuea+s |e|+c|caes, ae,c| ac teae| a|aua+ |e|+
c| a. lst+ sc|uc| a es cs|c|e + a|e| scc|+| e|c ac ea |cs cca||ctcs
de ||ade|cs: e| +,||u uedc escce| cca u|ea se |e|+c|ca+ e|c ac
cca u|ea cc||ad+. lc| e||c, |+ |esc|uc| a de |cs cca||ctcs de ||ade|cs
dece +s+| aeces+||+aeate c| |+ |eccac|||+c| a , |+ ccast|ucc| a de
+cue|dcs. \ |+ ||tu+||d+d ea |cs ac,caes s|acc||:+ |+ |eua||c+c| a de|
te,|dc scc|+| eat|e |cs +,||us
+
.
6. lOS cONflIctOS cON El EStAdO BOlIvIANO
heacs |stc ue |+s c|+a|:+c|caes a+t||ces (tO\-M-Q c t:l1t,
+|t|c|+a au, ccc c a+d+ ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs |cc+|es, |cs
ue sca eate|+aeate a+ae,+dcs c| |+s +utc||d+des |cc+|es (s|ad|c+
+
lstcs +sectcs sca +a+||:+dcs ea det+||e ea e| estud|c tca||ctcs de ||ade|cs ,
s+ae+a|eatc de t|e||+s ea |cs +,||us. Mcdcs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||c
tcs e |ate|eac| a de +eates e\te|acs.
286 Vincent nicOLAS
|es u c|||a+||+s,. \ cu+adc st+s ac uedea sc|uc|ca+| ua cca||ctc,
|e|e|ea |ecu|||| + |+s |ast+ac|+s est+t+|es , ac + su c|+a|:+c| a a+
t||:. ls ue |+s c|+a|:+c|caes cua|ea ct|+ |uac| a: |+ate+| |e||a
d|c+c|caes +ate e| lst+dc , cs|c|ca+| + |cs uec|cs c|||a+||cs , cc
aua|d+des c+aes|a+s ea e| escea+||c c| t|cc a+c|ca+|. l| +e| ue
cua|ea est+s c|+a|:+c|caes es, +ate tcdc, c| t|cc , su |ct+ca|s
ac ++|ece ea |+ est| a de |cs cca||ctcs cca e| lst+dc cc|||+ac.
la |+ t:l1t eaccat|+acs ua+ est|uctu|+ ||+a|d+|: |cs d|||ea
tes uedea +sua|| ccc + ccc c+|cs c+d+ e: a s |ac|t+ates,
+ a|e| |e|ca+| ||ae|c, |uec de+|t+aeat+| , |uec a+c|ca+|, de
est+ a+ae|+ eaccat|+acs ua+ |e|+t|+ ccat|au|d+d eat|e e| d|||eate
ccaua+| , e| e,ecut|c a+c|ca+|. la e| tO\-M-Q, +| ccat|+||c, es
a+a||est+ |+ c|ec|+ eat|e |+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s , |cs a+|||us
de |cs tcase,cs de -,||us. -uaue |cs a+|||us de| tO\-M-Q |+,+a
s|dc +ate||c|aeate +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s ea sus +,||us, ac e\|ste ua
acu|c c|+|c eat|e e||cs , |+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s de tu|ac, ,+ ue
st+s ac sue|ea +|t|c|+| ea |+s +ct||d+des de |cs tcase,cs de -,||us.
M|eat|+s |cs d|||eates s|ad|c+|es decea, cc||+tc||+aeate, +s|st|| +
+a||+dcs , cca|escs +|+ |a|c|a+| |uec + sus c+ses, |+s +utc||d+
des c|||a+||+s ac t|eaea eat|e sus +t||cuc|caes +s|st|| + |cs c+c||dcs
de| tcase,c de -,||us. - |+ : de e||c, e| tO\-M-Q se |e|+c|ca+ cca
|cs +,||us , ccaua|d+des a+,c|aeate + t|+ s de |cs deaca|a+dcs
| de|es , ac + t|+ s de |+s +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s.
M s +|| de est+s d||e|eac|+s c|+a|:+t|+s, e| tO\-M-Q , |+ t:l1t
e|s|uea |c,ectcs c| t|ccs d|st|atcs. l+ t:l1t a+c| , ea 1)),
de |+ c|uat+d de |cae| cca e| s|ad|c+||sac c|c|+||st+ , de c|e+|
ua+ c|+a|:+c| a s|ad|c+| |adeead|eate de |+s |a|ueac|+s de| lst+
dc. l+ |e|e|eac|+ e|a+aeate + 1u+, l+t+|| |asc||ce + |+ t:l1t ea
ua+ ||stc||+ de |es|steac|+ , suc|e+c| a. lesde e| acaeatc de su
|uad+c| a |+st+ |c,, |+ t:l1t deauest|+ ua+ |+a c++c|d+d de
ac|||:+c| a e|c cc+ c++c|d+d de aecc|+c| a. :| c|ea, ea 1~1,
ac |+c + a+d+ ue aecc|+|, se t|+t+c+ de e||a|a+| | s|c+aeate + |cs
es+ c|es , de||cc+| +| cde| cc|ca|+|, |c, ea d + |cs ac|a|eatcs |a
d ea+s ac |+ate+a |+ e||a|a+c| a de| lst+dc cc|||+ac a| |+ a+s+c|e
de tcdcs |cs :r:. lc| |c t+atc, ,uatc + |+s est|+te|+s de suc|e+c| a,
ue s|uea s|eadc au, e|c+ces, |+|t+a est|+te|+s de aecc|+c| a.
287 AnexO i
l| tO\-M-Q, c| su +|te, ++|ece ea |cs + cs ) ea ua ccate\tc
de |ac|us| a de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s + |+s c| t|c+s de lst+dc , de
|eccacc|a|eatc |ate|a+c|ca+| de sus de|ec|cs cc|ect|cs (tcaea|c
1e) de |+ Ol1,. l+|+ e| tO\-M-Q, |+ |e|e|eac|+ ac es 1u+, l+t+|| a|
|+ suc|e+c| a eae|+| s|ac |cs se c| cs +,a+|+s. usc+ |eccast|
tu|| |+s a+c|caes +,a+|+s cca sus a+|||us, +utc||d+des c|||a+||+s ue
|ue|ca |ac|u|d+s ea e| lst+dc |ac+ , |uec ea e| lst+dc cc|ca|+| cca ua
|c| esec |cc. lc| e||c, e| tO\-M-Q e\|e |+ +|t|c|+c| a de |+s +u
tc||d+des c|||a+||+s ea e| lst+dc cc|||+ac , |+ate+ |+ aeces|d+d de
ua+ -s+ac|e+ tcast|tu,eate ue s|eate |+s c+ses de ua lst+dc |u||
a+c|ca+|. :|eadc su |e|e|eate |+ +utc||d+d c|||a+||+, ccac|||+dc|+ c|
a+tu|+|e:+, , ac e| c+ud|||c ue|||||e|c, e| tO\-M-Q t|eae ua+ |e
d|scs|c| a a+,c| ue |+ t:l1t + |+ aecc|+c| a , ua+ c++c|d+d
a+,c| de ccac|||+c| a. lst+ |ed|scs|c| a, s|a eac+|c, ac s|ea|e
es c|ea |st+ c| |+s c+ses a| c|ea a+ae,+d+ c| |cs a+|||us, u|eaes
ea +||+s cc|tua|d+des |ue|ca +cus+dcs de c|c|+||st+s. l+ +ctu+c| a
de| -u M+|||u \|ceate t|cuet|c||+, ea set|eac|e de !, ue u|
sc aecc|+| cca e| |es|deate huc +a:e| :u |e: ea aed|c de |cs
c|cuecs, des|est|| ea |+a aed|d+ +| tO\-M-Q , usc ea dud+
su c|ed|c|||d+d ccac c|+a|:+c| a.
-s ccac t|eaea |c,ectcs c| t|ccs d|st|atcs, e| tO\-M-Q , |+ t:l
1t +dct+a t+ac| a d|st|at+s |c|a+s de |uc|+. la tcdc e| +c+a|cc
de aed|d+s de |es| a e\|steates ea c|||+ (+|c, |ue|+ de |+ac|e,
c|uc||\| a, t+|+dc, ccstu|+ de |+c|cs, c|cuec, tca+ de c|c|a+s,, |+s
c|+a|:+c|caes c+aes|a+s , c|||a+||+s |+a |ecu|||dc eseac|+|aeate
+ dcs de e||+s, e| c|cuec , |+ a+|c|+, , de a+ae|+ au, e\cec|ca+| +
|+ |ue|+ de |+ac|e. l| c|cuec es e| t|c de ac|||:+c| a a s us+dc
c| |+ t:l1t. h+, ue |ecc|d+| ue est+ c|+a|:+c| a |ct+ca|:
e| a|sac + c de su |uad+c| a e| ||ae| c|cuec a+c|ca+| de c+a|acs
(k|e|+, !|: +]+e,. lste |ast|uaeatc de |uc|+ |+ s|dc, +| ccat|+||c,
ccc c a+d+ us+dc c| e| tllO , c| e| tO\-M-Q u|eaes |e|e
|ea |ecu|||| + |+s a+|c|+s. l+s a+|c|+s de |+|c +|c+ace, ue |a||c+a
|ecc||e| d|st+ac|+s au, |+|+s, t|eaea ua esc s|ac ||cc au, |+ade
, t|eadea + se| ua |ecu|sc de |uc|+ de c+| cte| a s c|ea e\cec|c
a+|: se |+s sue|e |ecc|d+| ccac ||tcs ||st ||ccs |ac|t+ates, ccac |+
a+|c|+ c| |+ |d+ de |cs a|ae|cs (1)~],, |+ a+|c|+ c| e| te|||tc||c
, |+ d|a|d+d de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de| O||eate (1)),, |+ a+|c|+
288 Vincent nicOLAS
c| |+ +s+ac|e+ tcast|tu,eate |e+||:+d+ c| e| tllO , e| tO\-M-Q
(!!,, |+ a+|c|+ c| |+ scce|+a + , |+ d|a|d+d |ct+ca|:+d+ c|
|+s au,e|es ccc+|e|+s (!!,. -ac+s |c|a+s de ac|||:+c| a t|eaea
e| cc,et|c de e,e|ce| ua+ |es| a scc|e e| tcc|e|ac +|+ eat|+| + |+
aecc|+c| a, e|c e| c|cuec cca||cat+ + cc|+c|caes c|cue+d+s ,
c|cue+dc|+s a|eat|+s |+s a+|c|+s cusc+a seas|c|||:+| + |+ cc|+c| a
, + |cs cce|a+ates.
l+ teadeac|+ + |+ aecc|+c| a de| tO\-M-Q es |ae|s+aeate |c
c|c|ca+| + su c++c|d+d de ac|||:+c| a, |+st+ e| acaeatc, au,
|educ|d+. l+ a|c+ ac|||:+c| a |c|+d+ c| e| tO\-M-Q ue +|e |+
ea+ aeac|ca+| es |+ a+|c|+ c| |+ -s+ac|e+ tcast|tu,eate, e| + c
!!, ue +|ut|a + |e|eseat+ates de auc|cs +,||us, |ac|u|dcs +,
||us ue, |+st+ eatcaces, a+atea +a au, cc+ |e|+c| a cca e| tO\-
M-Q, cca||a adcse |+ |de+ de ue ua+ ac|||:+c| a s||e +ate tcdc
+|+ |e|c|:+| + |+ c|+a|:+c| a.
l|ect|+aeate, se a -|ac|d , :edd|a, |+ ac|||:+c| a dece se|
eatead|d+ ccac ua eeatc ccaua|c+t|c:
/a :)-./ /a/-r-:a/- 4- aa: o:/|/::./ a - |: a-.-/4:4 a- //-
a-a | o/-o|r 4- |: r:a/::./ a a- |: .a:.: 4- 4-o/r:r
a /a-r:: a o-r ; .:):./4:4 4- :./a:r -a .a/aa/ ; 4- -/: o:
a-r: /r/:|-.-r : |: r:a/::./ a o/o: ; |:.-r|: .:):: 4- -a/r
.ao)|/-a4 .a a /aa./a- .//4/:a: - |a.: 4-o/r:r -/:
.:):./4:4 : | |-r::4r- -\/-ra -:a :|/:4 r-:|- )/-a
./:|- (/r: r:a/::./a- ))a|:r-; :4:-r:r/ (-| //:4 a
/r: /a///a./a-; ):r: a- - | r-)-/- o -a -| /a/ar |-4-
-/- )aa/ 4- ://: |: 4-o:a4: a- |-::a/:a |: r:a/::./a-
a a -| o-|| 4-| :aa/ /a.|a/:- : :-.- a /o)r/: / a .ao
)|/4: a ; /:o). -a :|aa .: - .a.- a a:/ar:|-::
-\:./: / /o)r/:a/- - | a- - :)r-a4- 4- |: -\)-r/-a./: 4- |:
o:/|/::./ a -a a- /r:- o |/-a .o aa: -)-./- 4- -:-a/
.oaa/.://: (-|ac|d , :edd|a, !]: ]1,
la |+s ac|||:+c|caes de c+| cte| a+c|ca+| e\|ste ccc ccat|c| de |+s
c+ses scc|e |+s aecc|+c|caes. -uaue |cs d|||eates d|+a ue ac
uedea |e+at+| e| c|cuec s|a ccasu|t+| + sus c+ses, ea |cs |ec|cs
|+s c+ses auc|+s eces se eate|+a c| |+d|c ue decea |e+at+| |cs
289 AnexO i
c|cuecs. l+ |es| a ue +cca+ + e| |ccesc de aecc|+c| a |ate|
+,||us se |e|te , se +a| + ea |+s ac|||:+c|caes ccat|+ e| cc|e|ac
cca e| cc,et|c de +|esu|+| |+ |esc|uc| a de| cca||ctc e|c, ea este
c+sc, e| c|cuec t|eae ue se| |e+at+dc s|a ue se se+ e\+ct+aeate
|cs |esu|t+dcs de |+ aecc|+c| a. le tcdcs acdcs, se s+ce ue |cs
+||e|cs cca |cs cc|e|acs de tu|ac sca s|ea|e |ec+||cs , cca cc+
|ue|:+ de cua||a|eatc , ue, c| |c t+atc, |eue||| a de aue+s ac
|||:+c|caes. lcs |esu|t+dcs de |+s aecc|+c|caes sca eae|+|aeate
decec|ca+ates, scc|e tcdc cu+adc |+s |e||ad|c+c|caes ac sca ua
tu+|es s|ac de c|dea est|uctu|+|. :| ac se ccas|ue a+d+, |+ scsec|+
de cc||uc| a |ec+e| scc|e e| d|||eate. :| se ccas|ue +|c (+uaue
ac se+ e| /:.|:|a//,, e| d|||eate s+|d| |e|c|:+dc. l| cde| de cca
cc+tc||+ de le||e Qu|se ea e| +|t||+ac +ce c |ue des+st adcse
+ aed|d+ ue sus c|cuecs ac |c|+c+a a|a a ceae|c|c +|+ su sec
tc|. l| est||c de ||de|+:c de| d|||eate s|ad|c+| |c |+ce au, |ue|te ea
|+ cca||cat+c| a (es e| c+sc de le||e Qu|se, e|c d c|| + |+ |c|+ de
aecc|+|. l+|t+ s+ce| s| e| est||c de ||de|+:c ue |ccae e| tO\-
M-Q |e e|a|t|| +ccede| + ua+ a+,c| c++c|d+d de aecc|+c| a ,
c| |c t+atc de |esc|uc| a de |cs cca||ctcs.
7. cONcluSIONES y rEcOMENdAcIONES
lcs uec|cs c|||a+||cs a+ae,+a ua +c+a|cc de |cced|a|eatcs ,
aec+a|sacs +|+ |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs ue +a a s +|| de |cs
a tcdcs de aecc|+c| a , ccace|t+c| a t+| ccac se |cs ccacce. la
t|e estcs aec+a|sacs est e| //a|a (e| ea||eat+a|eatc ||tu+|,, e| :;a/
(|+ dec|uc| a de |cs d+ cs su|||dcs, ,, +ua cu+adc se cusc+ ua+
sc|uc| a aecc|+d+, |+s +aea+:+s de :;a/ , |+ |c|eac|+ uedea d+|se
ccac +|te de |cs |ccescs de aecc|+c| a.
l| //a|a ,ue+ ua +e| eseac|+| ea |+ |eeac| a, e\|es| a , |esc|u
c| a de |cs cca||ctcs.
l\|stea |cced|a|eatcs ||tu+|es ue +,ud+a + |+ |eccac|||+c| a eat|e
+|tes, eat|e e||cs se dest+c+a e| usc de |+ ccc+ , e| |ate|c+ac|c de
|+s .|a):, |+ ae||ead+ , e| |ate|c+ac|c de |+tcs. l\|stea t+ac| a
|cced|a|eatcs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs c| se+|+c| a de |+s +|
tes eaea|st+d+s.
l+ |de+ de +e|+| + ua te|ce|c aeut|c ac c+ce ea |cs +,||us dcade se
sue|e ||+a+| + ua te|ce|c e|c +|+ |ac|uc|+||c ea e| cca||ctc c ea
290 Vincent nicOLAS
su sc|uc| a. Ot|cs +,||us uedea se| ||+a+dcs + ,u+| e| +e| de|
te|ce|c, e|c t+ac| a |ast+ac|+s est+t+|es ccac e| l, |c|tc, e| l\k-,
|+ l|e|ectu|+, etc.
lcs cca||ctcs scc|+|es e\|es+a ||ust|+c|caes +cuau|+d+s , |+s |e|+
c|caes de |ue|:+s eat|e +ctc|es de |+ scc|ed+d e|c, + es+| de |+ cca
tuadeac|+ de |+s ac|||:+c|caes, |+s |e||ad|c+c|caes sca eae|+|aea
te ccc c|+|+s , |cs |esu|t+dcs de |+ aecc|+c| a decec|ca+ates.
la |cs aec+a|sacs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs eaccat|+
acs ue se d+ auc|+ |ac|t+ac|+ + |+s +ct|tudes tca+d+s c| |+s
+|tes ea cca||ctc ea |cs |ateatcs de +ce|c+a|eatc.
lc| tcdc |c e\|es+dc +ates, cdeacs dest+c+| +|ua+s | ae+s de |a
est|+c| a |asu|c|eateaeate t|+c+,+d+s |+st+ |+ +ctu+||d+d.
+, lcs cca||ctcs de ||ade|cs , sus |c|a+s de |esc|uc| a. ll l\k- |+
|a|c|+dc +||cs |ccescs de s+ae+a|eatcs ea |cs +,||us, auc|cs
de stcs se eacueat|+a |c, ea d + +|+||:+dcs. la a+,c| ccacc|
a|eatc de |cs aec+a|sacs c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs
, su d||us| a eat|e |cs t ca|ccs de| l\k- +,ud+| + + ||e+| + cuea
|a |cs s+ae+a|eatcs.
c, l| //a|a , e| :;a/. l+ ||te|+tu|+ +at|cc| |c+ scc|e e| //a|a ac
ccas|de|+ e| ea||eat+a|eatc ||tu+| ccac ua aec+a|sac de |e
eac| a, e\|es| a, c+a+||:+c| a , |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, ea
este seat|dc, este ||tu+| +ad|ac dece| + se| estud|+dc c| su |a
c|t+ac|+ , su |c| ea |+s |e|+c|caes |ate| +,||us , ea e| a+ae,c de|
te|||tc||c.
c, lcs cca||ctcs scc|+|es , sus aec+a|sacs de aecc|+c| a. 1+atc
|cs ac|a|eatcs scc|+|es ccac |cs |e|eseat+ates de| lst+dc, +|
+|ece|, c+|ecea de est|+te|+s +decu+d+s +|+ aecc|+| cca e|
ct|c. la a+,c| ccacc|a|eatc de c+d+ ua+ de |+s | |c+s ea ,uec
cd| + |esu|t+| ceae|c|csc +|+ +ac+s +|tes.
d, l+ ea+ de aue|te. la auec t|c de cca||ctc ++|ece cu+adc
|+s +utc||d+des ,ud|c|+|es e|s|uea ccac + de||acueates + u|e
aes +da|a|st|+|ca |+ ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ ea su e\|es| a a s
d|+a t|c+: |+ ea+ de aue|te. lcs c|cuecs , ac|||:+c|caes ue
act| e| c+sc 1u||:+ ea lctcs cd| +a s |c +at|c|+| ua auec
t|c de cca||ctc eat|e e| lst+dc , |+s ccaua|d+des +ad|a+s.
-l , \+|e|
!! /a-|| /a4/ -a |: )| //.:. l+ l+:: l|u|+|tllt-.
-k\Oll, lea|se, :lllll\t, -||sca
!] ha/-r- -a | o:/o/-a/ ./:|-. l+ l+:: llt-
-k\Oll, lea|se, \-ll1-, }u+a de l|cs
1))e h:4r- o-||/:: ; a .r : |):|| o:o: .:.:o)/.
!a/| : 4- |: ):):. l+ l+:: hl:Olllt-.
t-\-/- O-kl\, le|a+adc
!! :|stea+ ,u| d|cc ea |+ ,u||sd|cc| a de 1|au|+,+. lctcs :
1es|s de |+dc l-1l.
tlkl:
1))) |a//./: .oaa//:r/:. / a-.|a: 4- :):.:r/ )r
:/a./: :):.:r/ 4-| 4-):r/:o-a/ 4- .|:|:o|:. l+
l+:: M|a|ste||c de }ust|c|+ , le|ec|cs hua+acs
llk\ \ll/ O:tO, M+|ce|c
1))~ \eccc|ca|+||sac: ,ust|c|+ |ad ea+ |a+s|a||+c|e, cca
cec|caes de c+st|c. la: h/// !a:|- 4- |: r-aa/ a
:aa:| 4- -/a| :. l+ l+:: Ml:ll.
! /: |-; 4-| !;||a. /r .//.: 4- /:.|: /a//./: ; //|: /a//
./: (|a//./: h:;r ; |a//./: h-ar; -a .oaa/4:4-
:;o:r:. l+ l+:: lll.
Bibliograf a
292 Vincent nicOLAS
ll:hlk, kce|, lk\, \||||+a, l-11O\, |uce
1))~ O|/-a: -| . /| :r/- 4- a-./:r /a .-4-r. +|ce|ca+:
test| a !.
t-kt - ll\lk-, |+|c, lk-l- -ltOkl/-, k+ |, 1-ll- Ml-ll-, lu|s
!+ h-or/: 4- ./a|r-. l+ l+:: Mue|+ de| l|+c|c.
tO:l, lete|
!1 !a: or/ /-r: ; .-rr |:o|r/-a/ /// :r:r/ ;
/ro:./ a 4- .|:- -a aa )a-|| :a4/a. l+ l+:: M+a+
|u+cc.
Ml\l:1lklO ll }l:1ltl- \ llklthO: hlM-\O:
!1 ///r/: ; o-or/: 4- |: |:\.:. l+ l+:: M|a|ste||cs
de }ust|c|+ , le|ec|cs hua+acs
Mllk tll1O, la||ue -.
!| l+s | ct|c+s ,u| d|c+s +,a+|+s desde ua+ e|sect|+ |a
te|cu|tu|+|. la: last|tutc de |+ }ud|c+tu|+, |a//./: .oa
a//:r/:. :uc|e: last|tutc de |+ }ud|c+tu|+ de c|||+.
MOk-ll: llk \, -ust a
1)~ r a/.: )|/./:|- 4- .r o-a- -a ||/:/:. l+ l+:: ls|+.
\ltOl-:, \|aceat (ccc|d.,, lO/O, M|ue| , /lt-kk-, :+ad|+
!] / :;||a 4- /a|/):;: //a4/ -/a|// r/. 4- a
r:a/::./ a ./:| ; /-rr//r/:|. !d+. ld. l+ l+:: lll/
l:-ll/llt\1 .
\ltOl-:, \|aceat (tcc|d.,, /lt-kk-, :+ad|+ , llM-, -|||edc
!+ !a/| : 4- |//r/: r:|- 4- /a|/):;: !;||aa/a
.|/o:a/: ):r|:r/):. l- l-/: lll.
l-lll/t1/ c|||+
!] Gu a biling e para la gesti n de confictos. l+ l+:: t1/.
l-1/l l-tO, l ||\
!| kece|| a |ad ea+ ccat|+ |+ cc|ca|+||d+d , |+ t|+asa+
c|ca+||:+c| a de |+ eccaca +: t||ua|cs , |c|s|tudes de|
ac|a|eatc |ad ea+ desde ! + !|. la: l-1/l ,
ct|cs, l: - /r //-o) -| )r--a/-. a:/r oo-a/
4- /aar-a./: /a4 -a:. l+ l+:: Mue|+ de| l|+c|c.
293 AnexO i
l-1/l l-tO, l ||\
!] l+ |eue|t+ |ad ea+ ea de|eas+ de| +s , e| de||cc+
a|eatc de tca:+|c : ac|e: de lc:+d+. la: lll- /:r//
./):./ a )| //.: 4-o.r:./: ; o:/o/-a/ /a4 -a:
-a | !a4-. l+ l+:: lll-lll.
ll - }lMl-. -atca|c
1))~ |a//./: .oaa:| -a | !a4- 4-| /-r . /| .: 4- :|:
|a;. l|a+: lcat||c|+ la|e|s|d+d t+t ||c+ de| le| .
lkO-
1)) |a//./: .oaa//:r/: / :;o:r: 4- h:.|:.:. /r
:/a./: |a::/:a/ a |- 4- h:.|:.:. oaa/4:4-
a|||://// /|a||. l+ l+:: M|a|ste||c de }ust|c|+ , le
|ec|cs hua+acs.
kl\lk- tl:lt-\Qll, :|||+
!| O)r/o/4 )-r a :-a./4. l+ l+:: \+c|+,w+s|.
kl\l kl, t|||es
!+ l| eateccst+||sac ea |+ scc|ed+d +,a+|+ de| -|t||+ac.
la: :lllll\t (cca.,, 6r:./: : |/ ; : | :.|:.|/|:.
l+ l+:: l|u|+|l:l-1.
:-\}l\ : l., lstec+a
!] :a-:o/-a/ /a/-ra -a aa-/r: .oaa/4:4-. l+ l+::
luad+c| a 1|e||+.
:Okl-, \|t+||+ac
!| l+s |ed|cc|caes , |+ es|||tu+||d+d de| +c|+. la: 1l
tO\-, lstec+a (cca.,, / !a4- 4-4- | !a4-.
l+ l+:: \+c|+,w+s|
1lMlll, lca|a|ue
!| /: -/ra./ar: -|-o-a/:|- 4- |: r-./)r./4:4. l+ l+::
l|u|+|1-kl lM:-.
l| cc,et|c de| |eseate estud|c es |deat||c+| |cs a tcdcs c|||a+||cs
de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs ea |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s
c+,+s de c|||+. :us |esu|t+dcs se||| a +|+ ae,c|+| |cs |ccescs de
d| |cc , aecc|+c| a cca |uac|ca+||cs de| lst+dc , ct|cs +ctc|es.
ls ua ||ae| +ce|c+a|eatc, ccas|de|+adc |+ esc+s+ c|c||c|+| + scc|e
e| tea+ , |+ d|e|s|d+d de uec|cs ue e\|stea ea auest|c + s. \c
|+, dccuaeatcs e\c|us|cs scc|e |+ |cc|ea t|c+, s|a eac+|c, ea-
ccat|+acs +|uacs estud|cs scc|e ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ |e+||:+dcs c|
e| M|a|ste||c de }ust|c|+ , e| teat|c de lstud|cs e laest|+c| a :cc|+|
(tl}l:, ea uec|cs |ad ea+s de| l:c:c, t+c+a+s, c||u|t+acs , ac,e-
cs |a+c|+acs. l| tea+ t+ac| a |ue +cc|d+dc c| /u|ea+ le|a ea
h:/r/oa/ /a/-r /a/. (!!, , 6-// a /-rr//r/:| -a -| )a-||
/r/a (!], + +|t|| de |cs cca||ctcs |at|+ e |ate||+a|||+|es , de |+
ac|a+t||d+d +|+ e| usc , +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|sc a+tu|+|es
ea |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s ,u|+c+| s, ac,e cs, u+|+,cs , s|||ca s. l|
tllO, |+ a \|a+ |ast+ac|+ c|+a|:+t|+ de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de
|+s t|e||+s c+,+s, +cc|d e| tea+ |etca+adc |cs ea|cues , a tcdcs
de |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs cca ea|es+s et|c|e|+s ea uec|cs
|ad ea+s.
la |+ ||ae|+ +|te de |+ |aest|+c| a |+ceacs ua+ c|ee c+|+cte||:+-
c| a de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s de c|||+ , e| |cce-
sc ||st ||cc, d|st|au|eadc |cs sucescs ue |a|u,e|ca ae+t|+aeate
ea |+ ccu+c| a de su es+c|c, |cs c+ac|cs de +t|caes cu|tu|+|es ,
|ccescs de d|sc||a|a+c| a , e\c|us| a ue |+a ||dc.
Anexo II
Estado de la investigaci n de
los modos originarios de resoluci n de
confictos en pueblos ind genas
y originarios de las tierras bajas
l|c+ l|c|es tca: |es
296 Elba FlORES GONZlES
la |+ seuad+ +|te se desc||ce |+ t|c|c + de cca||ctcs: c ac sca
+sua|dcs desde su |s| a, ccsac|s| a, ||ac||cs , | ct|c+s ac|-
a+t|+s. ldeat||c+acs |cs cca||ctcs |ate|acs ue se d+a t+atc ea e|
ac|tc ||+dc ccac c||cc +|ect+adc |+ +|aca + ccaua+| ,, s|a
|caceae|:+|, |+ceacs |e|e|eac|+ + sus d|e|s+s |ast+ac|+s c|+a|:+-
t|+s, sus |cced|a|eatcs ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs |ate|acs , cca
+ctc|es e\te|acs +|+, |a+|aeate, +cc|d+| |+s ccad|c|caes +|+ su |e-
sc|uc| a. 1e|a|a+acs cca |+s ccac|us|caes , |eccaead+c|caes.
lc| |+:caes aetcdc| |c+s, |cs e,es tea t|ccs se ceat|+|ca ea |+ t|c-
|c + de |cs cca||ctcs, |cs cca||ctcs |ate|acs , e\te|acs, |ast+ac|+s ,
|c|a+s de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, +ctc|es de| cca||ctc , ccad|c|c-
aes +|+ su |esc|uc| a.
l+ ||ae|+ |+se de| d|+a st|cc |ue |+ |e|s| a , s|stea+t|:+c| a de
|+ |a|c|a+c| a c|c||c| |c+ e\|steate ea ceat|cs de |aest|+c| a ,
c|c||ctec+s esec|+||:+d+s. lcdeacs se +|+| ue |+, auc|+s tec| +s,
ea|cues , teadeac|+s scc|e este tea+, ||utc de |+s e\e||eac|+s de |+
ccce|+c| a |ate|a+c|ca+|.
1
l+|+ cca|eaeat+| |cs d+tcs, se |e+||:+|ca eat|e|st+s + |uac|ca+||cs
de |ast|tuc|caes ||+d+s, d|||eates de c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s cca
|e|eseat+c| a de+|t+aeat+| , |e|ca+| , ccasu|tc|es |adeead|ea-
tes scc|e |+ e|cec| a de| a+ae,c de cca||ctcs ea uec|cs |ad e-
a+s, |c|a+s de |esc|uc| a , +ctu+c| a de| lst+dc.
2
1. BREVE HISTORIA dE lOS puEBlOS
Ind gEnAS AmAz nIcOS
l+s t|e||+s c+,+s cuc|ea a s de dcs te|ce|+s +|tes de| te|||tc||c a+-
c|ca+|, cca e,| a|||caes de |ect |e+s. -c+|c+a e| ac|te de| de+|t+-
1
:e ccasu|t+|ca |+s |ueates c|c||c| |c+s de |ast|tuc|caes ccac tl}l:, -ltO,
tllll\l, he|eac|+, tllO , tl-ll:. 1+ac| a se ccasu|t+|ca dccuaeatcs
c| a|ccs, aeac||+s de t+||e|es, est+tutcs , |e|+aeatcs de c|+a|:+c|caes |ad -
ea+s ccac tlk-O , |+s ceat|+|es c||u|t+a+s.
2
l+s eat|e|st+s se +||c+|ca c| late|aet , e|sca+|aeate (1~ ea tct+|,: c|acc ea
1||a|d+d, t|es ea l+adc, dcs ea k|ce|+|t+ , cc|c ea :+at+ t|u:.
297 aNExO II
aeatc de l+ l+:, |+ tct+||d+d de |cs de+|t+aeatcs de l+adc, ea| ,
:+at+ t|u:, e| este de| de+|t+aeatc de tcc|+c+ac+ , de |cs de+|-
t+aeatcs de 1+||,+ , t|uu|s+c+. le |+ sue||c|e tct+| de| + s, se
c+|cu|+ ue ua e (ee a|||caes de |ect |e+s, e|teaece + |+s t|e||+s
c+,+s , ua + (++ a|||caes de |ect |e+s, cc||escade + |+s t|e||+s
+|t+s.
l+ a+,c| +|te de |+ |e| a est |cc+||:+d+ + aeacs de ] aet|cs sc-
c|e e| a|e| de| a+| , |+ sue||c|e cca ccsue cuc|e ce|c+ de ++.
||| aet|cs cu+d|+dcs, c se+ e| ] de |+ sue||c|e tct+| (l||cste ,
l+c|ecc, !1,. l\|ste d|e|s|d+d de |c|a+c|caes a+tu|+|es t|c|c+|es
, suct|c|c+|es ue, + su e:, ccat|eaea ua+ e\t|+c|d|a+||+ ||ue:+
de |d+ s||est|e, e| sucsue|c es ||cc ea |ecu|scs ||d|cc+|cu| |e|cs ,
a|ae|+|es.
lu|+ate e| e| cdc |e cc|ca|+|, |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s est+c+a +|u-
+dcs ea +|c|+||d+des c ua|d+des scc|ccu|tu|+|es d||e|eates: c+d+
+|c|+||d+d tea + ua s|stea+ de c|+a|:+c| a scc|+|, su |c|+ |eau+
, |c|a+s de eccaca + , es+c|cs d||e|eac|+dcs. lstcs es+c|cs e|+a
d|sut+dcs c| e| ccat|c| , +ccesc + |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es, cc+s|c-
a+adc ue||+s , e| scaet|a|eatc de uacs uec|cs + ct|cs. -dea s, se
d+c+a cca||ctcs eat|e c|+aes eae|+dcs c| |+ d|sut+ de| cde|.
l| e,e|c|c|c , |+ +|t|cu|+c| a de cde| ea |+s cc|+c|caes |ad ea+s se
+seat+c+a ea |+ est|uctu|+ de |+ scc|ed+d, ue |eu|+c+ |+s |e|+c|caes
scc|+|es, e| ccat|c| scc|+| , e| e,e|c|c|c de cde| de |cs ,e|es de |+s
+|c|+||d+des. lcs ,e|es , c+c|ues tea +a ua ccacc|a|eatc es|||tu+|
, a |cc, estcs +t||cutcs |es e|a|t +a +sua|| +utc||d+d |ea+ s |c
ea dete|a|a+d+s cc+s|caes, eae|+|aeate ea |+ ue||+ eat|e +|-
c|+||d+des , ea |+s e\ed|c|caes de c+ce| + cc|ect|+, dcade e| ,e|e
c c+c|ue tea + ue deacst|+| su +|eat +, dest|e:+ , ccacc|a|eatcs
(tl}l:, !|: !ee,. -|uacs ,e|es e|+a e|e|dcs s|u|eadc |+ suces| a
|e|ed|t+||+ c| | ae+ a+scu||a+.
la auc|cs c+scs |+c + du+||d+d ea e| e,e|c|c|c de| cde|: e| ,e|e de
|uc e|+ + |+ e: c|+a a, es dec||, +sua + e| |c| c| t|ccscc|+| ,
e| a st|cc|e|||csc. la ct|cs uec|cs, ccac |cs ac,e cs, se a Me-
t|+ \ (c|t+dc ea le|a, !!: |)),, e\|st + ua+ sue|te de s+ce|dcc|c.
la |+ tc|ca|+, auc|cs uec|cs |ue|ca d|e:a+dcs c| |+s ea|e|aed+-
des, ct|cs scaet|dcs ccac a+ac de cc|+ ct|cs, , ct|cs e|ec|e|ca
298 Elba FlORES GONZlES
ea |+s a|a+s. l| |ccesc de |educc| a d||||dc c| |cs ,esu|t+s , |cs
a|s|cae|cs ||+ac|sc+acs tuc ccac cc,et|c |+ e+ae||:+c| a. l+s
a|s|caes |ast+u|+|ca ua+ |c|a+ de c|+a|:+c| a scc|cc| t|c+, e| t+-
c||dc, e |ast+u|+|ca ua auec +t| a ecca a|cc: |+ sedeat+||:+c| a.
t|+du+|aeate, ||c|e|ca des++|ece| +|uacs d|+|ectcs |aca|eadc
|+ |eau+ de |+ +|c|+||d+d a s |ue|te , est|a+t|:+|ca e| |c| de |cs
c|+a+aes cc|| adc|cs + ||| ea |+ c|+adest|a|d+d. la +|uacs c+scs,
|cte|e|ca + |cs |ad ea+s ue est+c+a s|eadc d|e:a+dcs , c+:+dcs
c| |cs ea+ac|+dc|es.
lcs a|s|cae|cs +da|a|st|+c+a ,ust|c|+ e|+adc c| e| cua||a|eatc
de |+s ac|a+s , +|c|es c||st|+acs de| c|ea , e| a+|. - |+ |c|+ de |a+|-
t|| ,ust|c|+, e||cs tca+c+a |+s dec|s|caes ,, ea +|uacs c+scs, +||c+c+a
e|sca+|aeate |+s s+ac|caes, ccac |+ c |ce|, |+ |csc||c| a, e| +:cte
, e| cec.
l+ tcau|st+, ea su ||ae|+ |+se, +|s| + |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s eat|e
s , se +seat ea |+s cc|+c|caes uc|c+d+s ea |cs te|||tc||cs aeacs
|| ||es ecc| |c+aeate, +|| dcade e|+ cs|c|e |cduc|| e\cedeates
, +|c|+|se de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. l+s a|s|caes ac dest|u,e|ca
e| s|stea+ ecca a|cc |cduct|c ea e| O||eate e|c |aus|e|ca ua
ccat|c| c| t|cc scc|e |+ |ue|:+ de t|+c+,c.
la e| lst+dc |euc||c+ac, |cs de|ec|cs ta|ccs , de c|ud+d+a + de |cs
uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s |ue|ca |ac|+dcs. l+s c| t|c+s
se d||||e|ca + |ate|+||cs + |+ scc|ed+d, +s|a adc|es e| tute|+,e de
|+ ||es|+ c de |+s a|s|caes +|+ c||||:+||cs. l| lst+dc ccas|de|+c+
+ |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s scc|ed+des a+||a+|es ue aeces|t+c+a se|
|acc|c|+d+s + |+ scc|ed+d + t|+ s de | ct|c+s de e+ae||:+c| a.
lcste||c|aeate, ea |+ cc+ de| +ue de |+ ca+, auc|cs |ad ea+s
|ue|ca ||e+dcs + |cs ca+|es de :+a la+c|c de \e|+scc , +| \c|te
-a+: a|cc, k|ce|+|t+. lue|ca des|+:+dcs de su es+c|c t|+d|c|ca+|
c| |+ |ue|:+ c| ea+ac|+dc|es c c| ea+ cs de c++t+ces, cc||e-
|dc|es , +da|a|st|+dc|es de |+s a|s|caes. lu|+ate este e| cdc, |cs
|ad ea+s |ue|ca esc|+|:+dcs , scc|ee\|ct+dcs, t|+c+,+c+a s|a |ec|-
c|| a|a a +c , ea ccad|c|caes |a||+|ua+a+s ue |es |ccc+c+a
ea|e|aed+des ue se +|++c+a c| |cs c+st|cs ue |es d+c+a |cs
+t|caes. lcs |ad ea+s e|+a ccat|+t+dcs c+,c e| s|stea+ de| |+c|||-
299 aNExO II
tc, ue ccas|st + ea dct+||es de +|t cu|cs , ease|es cca scc|e|ec|c,
+ c+ac|c, e||cs se eadeud+c+a de c| |d+. lste s|stea+ + a e|s|ste.
Muc|cs |ad ea+s e|ec|e|ca, e|c ct|cs esc++|ca , se esccad|e|ca
ea |u+|es |a+cces|c|es +|+ scc|e|||, ccac |cs +|+ca+s de| \c|te
-a+: a|cc , |cs c||u|t+acs de lcae| c.
tca |+ +cc||c| a de |+s |educc|caes, cuea+ +|te de |cs |ad ea+s
ue dec|d|e|ca ued+|se |ue|ca des|+:+dcs +u|+t|a+aeate c| |cs
c|+accs , aest|:cs de| ceat|c de |+s a|s|caes ,, |a+|aeate, de| ue-
c|c. stcs, + |+ +|, ccaea:+|ca + e\+ad|| sus t|e||+s , + +|c|+|se
de| +a+dc de |+s a|s|caes |uad+adc est+ac|+s.
lc| ct|c |+dc, |cs |ad ea+s |ue|ca scaet|dcs + |c|a+s de ea+t|c-
a+a|eatc |c|:csc cca +|cc+c| a de| lst+dc. l| se| ec|ac, d+c+ de-
|ec|c + |cs c|+accs + teae| ua c|e|tc a ae|c de |ad ea+s e, |ac|usc,
+ eade| sus |c|ed+des ,uatc cca e| e|sca+| ue ea e||+s t|+c+,+c+.
Ot|cs uec|cs |ad ea+s |ue|ca succ|d|a+dcs +| tute|+,e de a|s|cae-
|cs |ctest+ates, ue |a|es+|ca cca ++| de| lst+dc. lste ccat+ctc
+|te| |cs +t|caes de |deat|d+d cu|tu|+|: |ue|ca sedeat+||:+dcs, se
||a|t su +ccesc + |cs d|e|scs eccs|stea+s, se |es |c||c| |+ c+:+, |+
esc+ , |+ |ecc|ecc| a , se s+t+a|: |+ aed|c|a+ t|+d|c|ca+|. lat|e es-
tcs uec|cs est a |cs lse l,,+, |cs -,c|ecs , |cs :|||ca , eat|e ct|cs.
l+ ke|c|a+ -|+||+ de 1)]| ac tuc |a+ctc ea |+s t|e||+s c+,+s, cca-
sc||d |+s |+c|ead+s ea desaed|c de |+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s ue,
ea +|uacs c+scs, cca +c,c de |+ l|es|+, +cced|e|ca + |+ t|tu|+c| a de
t|e||+s ea c+||d+d de +|ce|+s c ccaua+|aeate. :e |ausc ua+ aue-
+ |c|a+ de c|+a|:+c| a, e| s|ad|c+tc, ue ccat||cu, + |+ |d|d+
de |deat|d+d c|ue +|uacs uec|cs |ad ea+s se +sua|e|ca ccac
c+aes|acs. la ++ace scc|+| |ac|t+ate |ue |+ |c||c|c| a de |+ es-
c|+|tud ue e|a|t| + |cs |ad ea+s s+||| de |+s |+c|ead+s , ccast|tu||
aue+s ccaua|d+des.
- +|t|| de 1)~, dec|+|+dc lecea|c de |cs luec|cs lad ea+s, ccaea-
: e| t|+c+,c de |+s c|+a|:+c|caes ac uce|a+aeat+|es cca |cs ue-
c|cs |ad ea+s. lst+s |ast|tuc|caes +c,+|ca e |au|s+|ca |+s ||ae-
|+s c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s. la este ccate\tc, |cs
|ad ea+s se c|+a|:+|ca +|+ |ec|+a+| sus de|ec|cs ta|ccs, |uad+-
aeat+|aeate e| de|ec|c +| te|||tc||c ccac |ueate de |d+ , |e|cduc-
300 Elba FlORES GONZlES
|
l+ a+|c|+ +|t| de |+ c|ud+d de 1||a|d+d, c+|t+| de| ea|, e| 1] de +cstc de
1)), cca ~ a+|c||st+s, |c|+adc e| |eccacc|a|eatc aed|+ate dec|etcs su|e-
acs de| 1e|||tc||c lad ea+ :|||ca (1l:,, 1e|||tc||c lad ea+ Mu|t| ta|cc (1lM,,
1e|||tc||c lad ea+ l+|ue \+c|ca+| ls|cc|c : cu|e (1ll\l:, , 1e|||tc||c lad ea+
t||a a1s|a+ae (1lth,.
c| a de su |deat|d+d cu|tu|+|. la+ de |+s ||ae|+s +cc|caes de |es| a
+| lst+dc |ue |+ ||st ||c+ M+|c|+ c| e| 1e|||tc||c , |+ l|a|d+d ea
1)), ue |c| e| |eccacc|a|eatc de cu+t|c te|||tc||cs |ad ea+s
3
.
2. cOncEpcI n dEl cOnflIcTO En lOS puEBlOS
Ind gEnAS ORIgInARIOS dE lAS TIERRAS BAjAS
l+ cuest| a ta|c+ ccast|tu,e ua |+ctc| |ac|t+ate ea |+ a+,c| +|te
de |cs cca||ctcs +ctu+|es de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s, e|c t+ac| a es
aeces+||c se +|+| ct|cs |+ctc|es, eat|e e||cs |cs de c|+se, ae|c , |e-
||| a.
lcs |ad ea+s |e||ad|c+a e| de|ec|c + su te|||tc||c +acest|+| , + |cs
|ecu|scs ue se eacueat|+a ea |, + su cu|tu|+ e |deat|d+d , + su ||c|e
dete|a|a+c| a, ue ccast|tu,ea e|eaeatcs c s|ccs +|+ +|+at|:+| su
|d+ , su des+||c||c |ate|+|.
tu+adc |+cea |e|e|eac|+ + |cs cca||ctcs, ut|||:+a |+s +|+c|+s |c-
c|ea+s c d+ cs. lcs cca||ctcs se d+a cu+adc ua+ e|sca+ de |+
ccaua|d+d |c|+ c uec|+at+ |+s ac|a+s ue |eu|+a |cs a s d|e|scs
+sectcs , ccaduct+s de |+ cca|eac|+ ccaua|t+||+, +|te|+adc de est+
|c|a+ e| c|dea est+c|ec|dc c| tcdcs.
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s ||st ||c+aeate |+a |esue|tc sus |cc|ea+s |a-
te|a+aeate, cca c+se ea su |s| a , ||ac||cs de su |e|+c| a cca e|
eatc|ac. -dct+a |c|a+s , a tcdcs |e\|c|es, d|a a|ccs ea e| t|eac
, ea e|a+aeate ccast|ucc| a. l| |a es a+ateae| |+ +|aca + ccau-
a+| ,, ||ac|+|aeate, |ecue|+| +| |a||+ctc|, d adc|e cc|tua|d+d de
|ect||c+| su +cc|ca+| , |e+|+| e| d+ c.
-s|a|sac, cdeacs se +|+| ue e\|stea cca||ctcs c| e| |aed|aea-
tc de| e,e|c|c|c |eac de sus de|ec|cs cc|ect|cs: e| usc de su |eau+,
|+ | ct|c+ de su |e||| a, |+ |eac|+ de su s|stea+ de +|eatescc ,
301 aNExO II
c|+a|:+c| a scc|+| , su +ccesc +| te|||tc||c. tcast|tu,ea cca||ctcs
|ac|t+ates ue caea ea ||esc |+ |+c|||d+d de su s|stea+ de |d+ ,
cu|tu|+ (eat|e|st+: /c|e::|, |/)/!],.
2.1. Cosmovisi n ind gena
h+, ua+ |+a |ete|ceae|d+d ea |cs |+ uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e-
||+s c+,+s, ea t |a|acs de c|+a|:+c| a scc|+|, +da|a|st|+c| a de ,us-
t|c|+ , |eau+. le|c t+ac| a |+, +sectcs ccauaes ue |cs |deat||c+a
, est a susteat+dcs ea su |c|a+ de e| e| auadc , |+ |e|+c| a de|
|cac|e cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+: se s|eatea +|te |ate|+ate de| eatc|ac
ue |cs |cde+ , |edca|a+ |c cc|ect|c scc|e |c |ad||du+|. 1cdcs |cs
se|es |cs se |e|+c|ca+a uacs cca ct|cs. keccacce| |+ |ate|ccae\| a
, deeadeac|+ |ec |cc+ eat|e tcdcs |cs e|eaeatcs de |+ a+tu|+|e:+,
e|a|te eateade| su |s| a de |+ scstea|c|||d+d de |cs |ecu|scs , su
|c,ectc de |d+.
l+ ccsac|s| a de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s |e|+aeat+ e| ccac|t+-
a|eatc |ua+ac , cae de a+a||estc |cs ||ac||cs cu|tu|+|es scc|e
|cs cu+|es se susteat+ |+ |d+. :ca |ac|t+ates |cs es ||tus de |+ a+-
tu|+|e:+, ccacc|dcs ccac ,|c|| c| |cs c||u|t+acs e |c||a|c||c|+-
a+ c| |cs ac,e cs. lcs es ||tus de| acate , de |cs +a|a+|es, + |cs
ue ||+a+a due cs c +acs, se eac+|+a de a+ateae| e| eu|||c||c de
|+ a+tu|+|e:+. lc| e,ea|c, cu+adc s+|ea de c+s+ |dea |ctecc| a +
d|cs +|+ sus |d+s, , + |cs +acs de |cs +a|a+|es |es |dea e|a|sc
+|+ c+:+|. -s ccac|a+a su a|tc|c + cca |+s c|eeac|+s c||st|+a+s.
l+ |e|+c| a de cca|eaeat+c| a |ec |cc+ , +|aca|cs+ eat|e |c sc-
c|+| , |c ecca a|cc es |+ 1|e||+ s|a a+| (l|a+| +,. l+ 1|e||+ s|a a+|
es e| lst+dc e||ectc ue e| uec|c u+|+a |+ cusc+dc ea e| +s+dc
|e,+ac , ue seu|| cusc+adc ea e| |utu|c ce|c+ac. l+ 1|e||+ s|a a+|
de |cs u+|+a es t|eae dcs d|aeas|caes: es |+ t|e||+ de| a s +|| , des-
t|ac de |+s +|a+s, , es t+ac| a ua+ t|e||+ au, ccac|et+ , +cces|c|e,
+u , +|c|+, aed|+ate | ct|c+s ||tu+|es (d+a:+s, +,uacs, , aed|+ate
|+ a||+c| a |+c|+ e||+ (kcs , ct|cs, !1: |e,.
la e| c+sc de |cs c||u|t+acs, ||| c|ea s|a||c+ cca||| cca |cs |e-
cu|scs a+tu|+|es, ac de|ed+||cs s|ac ccase|+||cs. le |+ |eseac|+
de |cs ||+a+dcs ,|c|| se deducea |+s |e|+s ue dete|a|a+a e| cca-
c|t+a|eatc ||eate + |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. tu+adc ua c||u|t+ac
302 Elba FlORES GONZlES
+ + c+:+|, ||ae|c |e |de +| due c de |cs +a|a+|es ue |e |e+|e ua
+a|a+| c|ue |c aeces|t+ +|+ e| susteatc de su |+a|||+, |c a|sac
|+ce cu+adc + + esc+| c cu+adc + + cusc+| a|e|. tu+adc |+, |ua+
aue+ ac se uede cc|t+| a|aua+ c|+se de a+de|+ du|+ate t|es d +s
(l|atc, !+: e],.
2.2. Principios y valores
l| s|stea+ de +|c|es , ac|a+s es t|+asa|t|dc c|+|aeate ccac ua+
|c|a+ de |e|eac|+ scc|+| , cu|tu|+| , se |uad+ ea |+ sc||d+||d+d, e|
t|+c+,c ccaua|t+||c, |+ ccce|+c| a, |+ |ec||cc|d+d, |+ +|t|c|+c| a,
|+ cca|eac|+, |+ ua|d+d, e| ccaseasc, |+ sc||d+||d+d , |+ c sued+
d|a a|c+ de |+ +|aca + +|+ a+ateae| |+ cca|eac|+ ccaua+|. -|
|esectc, led|c l|atc a+a||est+: 1eaeacs ua+ |aaeas+ ||ue:+
a+tu|+| , auc|+ e\e||eac|+ | ct|c+ scc|e |+ a+tu|+|e:+ , |+ sc||d+||-
d+d, ua|d+d , |ec||cc|d+d eat|e acsct|cs. \uest|+ eccaca + se c+s+,
a+,c|aeate, ea e| t|+c+,c cca,uatc, ua|dc, de |+s t|e||+s ccaua+|es
+ t|+ s de |e|+c|caes de +|eatescc, +a|stcs+s , de cca+d|+:c.
lc |ac|t+ate ac es e| |ad||duc, s|ac |+ +|aca + de |+s |e|+c|caes
scc|+|es deat|c de |+ |+a|||+ , |+ ccaua|d+d. l+ c+se de |+ cca|eac|+
es e| s|stea+ de |ec||cc|d+d, de |ate|c+ac|c de se||c|cs (a|a+, ,
|cductcs, de d+| , |ec|c||. ls+ es auest|+ a+ae|+ de ||| e| |c|e-
sc (l|atc, !+: e,.
l| seat|dc de |+ |ec||cc|d+d (o|r-r-|a:, se cca|eade ac ccac
|+ cc||+c| a de d+| s|ac ccac e| dca de d+| , cca+|t||. - |cs +,c-
|ecs |es ust+ +|u+|se +|+ te,e|, ccae|s+|, c+at+|, |+c|+|, tca+|
te|ete|e, |ecc|d+| e| +s+dc, ccat+|se ||stc||+s, |ate|c+ac|+| ccse-
u|cs ccac |c|a+ de a+a||est+| +|ec|c, +a|st+d , cua||| cca +|u-
a+ cc||+c| a (:u+:a c+|, 1))]: 11,.
l+|+ e| uec|c u+|+a de| l:c:c, e| seat|dc de| |esetc ( o|-/-,
ccas|ste ea |+ de||c+de:+ de cca|eade| ea u aed|d+ ac estc,
+|ect+adc |+ |e||c|d+d , |+ t|+au|||d+d de a|s seae,+ates c de +| a
|uc ea +|t|cu|+|. tu+adc ua |uc de| Mc|a|eatc s|a 1|e||+
u|sc cses|ca+|se de |+s t|e||+s de |+ ccaua|d+d u+|+a , |+ ccau-
a|d+d ac|||: tcd+ su c++c|d+d de d| |cc |+st+ ccaeace||cs ue
dec +a |et||+|se de |+ :ca+. lcs d|||eates dec +a ):| ro|;-r
::;- (|cs |eacs |ec|c |etc|a+|,. lst+ e\|es| a es au, d||e|eate
303 aNExO II
+ |+ e\u|s| a. l+ ccat|ead+ c| |+ t|e||+ ccac|u, cca ua+ c|u||+s-
ue+d+ , ua+ cc|d|+| desed|d+ (t+a+|c, !+: !,.
lcs ||ac||cs de +utcaca + e|sca+|, eae|cs|d+d , u\c|||cc+||d+d
sca +|c|es ue ccast|tu,ea ua+ +|te eseac|+| de |+ |deat|d+d ta|c+
de |cs +,c|ecs. lcs |ucs de |es|deac|+ a+t|||cc+| sca |+s ua|d+des
scc|cecca a|c+s a s |ac|t+ates , |+s eat|d+des c| t|c+s |uad+-
aeat+|es de |+ scc|ed+d +,c|e+. -s|a|sac, sca es+c|cs de aecc|+-
c| a dcade |+s au,e|es t|eaea ua a+,c| cde| de dec|s| a ue |cs
|cac|es (:u+:a c+|, 1))]: |~,.
l+s |c|a+s de c|+a|:+c| a scc|+| , c| t|c+ , e| e,e|c|c|c de +utc||d+d
|e|e,+a |cs ||ac||cs de +|aca +, eu|||c||c , ccaseasc. l+ deacc|+-
c|+ |ad ea+ ac es e\c|u,eate, es +|t|c|+t|+, , ea|+t|:+ |+ aeces|d+d
de| d| |cc , ccaseasc + |+ |c|+ de tca+| dec|s|caes ue +|ectea + |+
ccaua|d+d.
2.3. normatividad
l+s ac|a+s ccaua+|es sca |e|+s de|a|d+s, ccacc|d+s , +cet+d+s
c| tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs , est a d||||d+s + +|+at|:+| |+ cca|eac|+
+c |c+ , |+ +|aca +. lcdeacs |deat||c+| ac|a+s de c|dea ac|+|,
de |ctecc| a de |cs |ecu|scs, cu|tu|+|es, scc|+|es , |e|||cs+s, ea tc-
dcs |cs c+scs sca |e\|c|es, se |ec|e+a , +decu+a e|a+aeateaeate
+ |+s aue+s s|tu+c|caes. laccat|+acs t+ac| a ua s|ac|et|sac eat|e
c|eeac|+s de |ctectc|es de |+ a+tu|+|e:+ cca e| c||st|+a|sac.
t|t+acs + ccat|au+c| a +|ua+ |c||c|c|caes ccauaes est+c|ec|d+s
ea |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s: eac|u,+| c |+ce| e| a+|, e|e+| eat|e cc-
aua+||cs, eade| |+ t|e||+, |+|t+| + |+s |eua|caes , +| t|+c+,c ccaua+|,
ccae|c|+||:+| |cs |ecu|scs de| ccsue s|a +utc||:+c| a, |cc+|, d+ +| |cs
cu|t|cs de| ccsue c |cs |ecu|sc de| acate, c||sae+|, ccaete| +ctcs
|aac|+|es. lat|e |cs a+,c|ecs e\|ste ua+ |e|+ ue d|ce ue ua |ca-
c|e ac dece aete|se ea |cc|ea+s eat|e au,e|es, s| |c |+ce, se |e
d|ce ue +|ece au,e|.
t+d+ uec|c c ccaua|d+d |ad ea+ est+c|ece sus ac|a+s , |c||c|-
c|caes de +cue|dc + sus aeces|d+des, c| e,ea|c, |+ ccaua|d+d e-
||+ ||s+ de| 1e|||tc||c Mc,e c est+c|ece |+s s|u|eates |c||c|c|caes:
304 Elba FlORES GONZlES
:+c+| a+de|+, t+cu+|+, |c,+s , ct|cs |ecu|scs s|a e|a|sc de |+
|eua| a ccaua+|.
1|+c+,+| ea e| te||eac de |+ ccaua|d+d s|a e|a|sc.
tcae|c|+||:+| |+ a+de|+ ea |+a esc+|+.
t|+ue+| , ac cu|t|+|.
l+ +| |cs cu|t|cs , |u+|es ea ue ct|cs ec|acs de |+ ccaua|d+d
|ecc|ect+a ||utcs , ct|cs |ecu|scs.
t+:+| +|+ aecc|c.
\eade| t|e||+s de |+ ccaua|d+d (lst+tutc e||+ ||s+, 1))~: 1],.
-|uacs uec|cs |ad ea+s, cca e| +c,c e |ast|tuc|caes |cc+|es, se
eacueat|+a ea |ccesc de ccast|ucc| a +|t|c|+t|+ de sus |e|+-
aeatcs , ac|a+s, d||||dcs scc|e tcdc +| usc , +|cec|+a|eatc de
|cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es de| ccsue.
3. TIpOS dE cOnflIcTOS/RESOlucI n
3.1. Confictos internos y formas de resoluci n
3.1.1. Tipos de confictos
le +cue|dc + |+ |c|a+ de ea|cc+| |cs cca||ctcs ea |+s ccaua|d+des
|ad ea+s, |ateat+acs c|dea+||cs c+,c |+ s|u|eate t|c|c +:
Confictos tico-morales: teae|+|aeate, t|eaea ue e| cca | c-
t|c+s de ccaduct+, ccac|t+a|eatc , +ct|tudes ue uec|+at+a e| c|-
dea est+c|ec|dc , ue sca ceasu|+dcs c| |+ cc|ect||d+d. 1|eaea |e-
|+c| a cca |cs ||ac||cs , +|c|es de| uec|c , |cs +|c|es |auestcs
c| |+s ||es|+s t+t ||c+ , l+a ||c+. lc| e,ea|c, ea +|uacs uec|cs,
|+ c||+a|+ es tcd+ + ua+ | ct|c+ +cet+d+, c|ue +acest|+|aeate
se e|a|t + + |cs ,e|es ccat+| cca a s de dcs au,e|es. lstcs cca||ctcs
uedea c|||a+|se c| teas|caes eat|e |edes de +|eatescc, c|+aes,
||a+,es, etc. :ca |esue|tcs c| |+ |+a|||+, e|c t+ac| a sca t|+t+dcs
c| |+s +utc||d+des.
Confictos de conservaci n comunitaria: l\|stea |cc|ea+s de
cca|eac|+ eat|e ccaua+||cs, de |ed|st||cuc| a de c|eaes |cduc|-
dcs c| |+s |+a|||+s ,/c ccaua|d+des, t+ac| a se |eseat+a |cc|e-
a+s c| e| usc, +ccesc, +|cec|+a|eatc , ccat|c| de |cs |ecu|scs a+-
tu|+|es, ue sca de a+tu|+|e:+ cc|ect|+. la estcs c+scs, |+s +utc||d+-
305 aNExO II
des |ad ea+s t|eaea ccaeteac|+ +|+ +da|a|st|+| ,ust|c|+, , cueat+a
cca e| |es+|dc , |e|t|a|d+d de |+ ccaua|d+d c| |+ce| s|dc e|e|d+s
deacc| t|c+aeate. kesue|ea |cs cca||ctcs cca e| |a a+ateae| |+
cca|eac|+ +c||c+ de |+ ccaua|d+d, |e+|+| e| d+ c , |e|ate|+| + |+
ccaua|d+d + |cs |a||+ctc|es.
Confictos de origen sobrenatural: :ca |cs cca||ctcs |e|+c|c-
a+dcs cca |cs c|u,cs ue c+us+a e| d+ c c a+| + |+s e|sca+s. l| |-
c|+|e c|ee|essu u cccc|s ea e| c+sc c||u|t+ac, e| ,+e+ea|e c
t|u,, ea e| c+sc ac,e c|a+c|+ac, e| ac+e|u+ |et+ ea e| c+sc de
|cs u+|+a es, e| |+,e ea e| c+sc u+|+,c, +|+ c|t+| +|uacs e,ea-
|cs, sca e|sca+ ue cseea ccacc|a|eatcs , s+ce|es es|||tu+|es.
l+s +cus+c|caes ccat|+ |cs c|u,cs sca d|| c||es de |cc+| , |esc|e|.
1+ac| a |cs +acs c due cs de| acate d+a c+st|cs scc|ea+tu|+|es
c| |c|+| |+s ac|a+s, auc|+s eces c+st|+a cca |+ aue|te, scc|e
tcdc + |+s e|sca+s ue |+cea usc |ad|sc||a|a+dc de |cs |ecu|scs.
lcs ccaua+||cs c| teac| +| c+st|c +c+t+a |+s ac|a+s.
3.1.2. mbitos y actores del conficto
A nivel individual o privado: la |+ ccaua|d+d, |cs cca||ctcs, ea
ua+ ||ae|+ |ast+ac|+, +du|e|ea c+| cte| ||+dc e |ad||du+|. l+s
+utc||d+des |ateat+a |esc|e||cs d||ect+aeate, cca |cs |a||+ctc|es, s|
estc ac d+ |esu|t+dc , deead|eadc de su |+ed+d, e| cca||ctc se
cca|e|te de c|dea c||cc , es t|+t+dc ea |+ +s+ac|e+ ccaua+|. -
ccat|au+c| a eauae|+acs |cs cca||ctcs ue se |cducea cca a s
||ecueac|+:
Por brujer a: la +|uacs uec|cs, |+s deauac|+s a s ||ecueates sca
c| c|u,e| +. lstcs cca||ctcs se t|+t+a |ate|a+aeate, +uaue ea +|u-
acs c+scs se +cude + |+s +utc||d+des ccac e| tc||e|dc| c |+ lc||c +.
Por la religi n: l+ |at|ca|s| a de |+s ||es|+s e+ae||st+s ea au-
c|cs c+scs |a|u,e ea |+ |deat|d+d cu|tu|+|, |c||c|eadc |+s |est+s ,
ct|+s a+a||est+c|caes cu|tu|+|es.
Por actos de inmoralidad: :e |e|e|e + s|tu+c|caes ea |+s cu+|es
se sc||eade + e|sca+s scstea|eadc |e|+c|caes +ac|cs+s s|a est+|
c+s+dcs.
Por adulterio: lstcs c+scs sca t|+t+dcs c| |+ |+a|||+ , c| |+s +utc-
||d+des. l+ c||+a|+ ac se ccas|de|+ de||tc.
306 Elba FlORES GONZlES
Por robo en la comunidad: la |+s ccaua|d+des, |cs |cccs de a+ :
, ,uc+ ea |cs c|+ccs sca ||ecueates.
Por peleas entre comunarios: :ca cca||ctcs |ccc+dcs c| e|
usc de cec|d+s +|cc| ||c+s c c| |acu|s| a de +a|a+|es ea e| c|+cc.
Por rumor o chisme: lcs |uac|es c c||saes sca |ueates de cca-
||ctc e|c t+ac| a |c|a+s de ccat|c| de| cua||a|eatc de |+s s+a-
c|caes.
Por robo de ganado: ls e| |ccc a s cca a ea +|uacs uec|cs,
ccac e| s|||ca , ac,e c, c+a|c|+a+ e |:cce c. l| de||tc es c+st|+dc
cca |+ dec|uc| a de |c |cc+dc. tu+adc e| |cc|ea+ es cca ua |c-
|et+||c, ste |c ||e+ + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+. :e |+a d+dc c+scs ea |cs
ue |cs |a||+ctc|es |+a eat|+dc + |+ c |ce|.
Por violaci n: \c es ua de||tc au, ||ecueate ea |+s ccaua|d+des.
ls c+st|+dc de d||e|eates |c|a+s: u+sc+ (+:ctes,, e\u|s| a, c es
|ea|t|dc + |+s +utc||d+des.
Por homicidio: lstcs c+scs se |cducea ccac ccasecueac|+ de e-
|e+s ea est+dc de ec||ed+d, ea |+s ue |+ c|uat+d de| +|esc| es |es|c-
a+| e|c ac a+t+| (tl}l: 1)): e|,. lcs c+st|cs +a desde e| +c de
au|t+ |+st+ |+ cc||+c| a de| |a||+ctc| de t|+c+,+| +|+ |+ |ud+.
Por robo de comida: teae|+|aeate |c ccaetea |cs +ac|+acs.
A nivel familiar: lcs cca||ctcs ea |+ |+a|||+ t|eaea ue e| cca e|
|acua||a|eatcs de ac|a+s de ccac|t+a|eatc de |cs |c|es eae|+-
c|ca+|es. lcs cca||ctcs |ate||+a|||+|es se sc|uc|ca+a ea e| a+|cc de
|+s |e|+c|caes de +|eatescc, cca+d|+:c , ec|ad+d. : |c cu+adc
|cs cca||ctcs ac uedea |esc|e|se ea este ccate\tc, , + ed|dc de
|+s +|tes, se +cude + |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es.
la uec|cs +t||+|c+|es, ccac |cs u+|+,cs, ea |cs |cc|ea+s de| |c-
+| ac |ate||eae a|aua+ e|sca+ e\te|a+, s+|c ue |+ |+a|||+ e\tea-
s+ |d+ |+ +|t|c|+c| a de |+ +utc||d+d ccaua+|. la e| c+sc de |cs t||-
a|t+||cs, e| t+c||dc |ate||eae + sc||c|tud de |+s e|sca+s ea cca||ctcs
c de |cs ec|acs de |+ ccaua|d+d.
l+ |c|eac|+ ea |+ +|e,+ se |eseat+ ccac ccasecueac|+ de +ct|tudes
c scsec|+s de ea+ c , est +scc|+d+ +| +|cc|c|. la e| c+sc de |cs
+,c|ecs, |+ a|t+d de |cs cca||ctcs eat|e |+s +|e,+s t|eaea ue e| cca
ue e| |cac|e tca+ c |eteade tca+| ccat|c| scc|e e| d|ae|c de |+
|+a|||+, eatcaces es +cus+dc de ae:u|ac (:u+:a c+|, 1))]: !,. la
307 aNExO II
e| c+sc de |cs s|||ca s, e| t+c||dc +ct + de c|c|c cu+adc se t|+t+ de
cca||ctcs ue ae||+a c ue +|ect+a + |+ au,e| c + |cs ||,cs (eat|e|s-
t+: Me|+|,. la |+s ccaua|d+des ,u|+c+| s, |cs cca||ctcs ea |cs a+-
t||aca|cs sca ccas|de|+dcs ||+dcs, ac |ate||eaea |+s +utc||d+des
ccaua+|es , |cs +d|es |e|dea +utc||d+d +|+ +ccase,+| + sus ||,cs.
lcs cca||ctcs ea |cs a+t||aca|cs |ate| ta|ccs t+ac| a sca ccas|de-
|+dcs de c|dea ||+dc. \|aua+ e|sca+ de |+ ccaua|d+d |ate||e-
ae. la +|uacs c+scs, e| +d|e de |+ escs+, s| st+ es t||a|t+||+, |c
|+ce ||+a+| +| ,e|ac +|+ +ccase,+||e.
A nivel comunal, intracomunal y entre pueblos: la |+s ccaua|-
d+des e\|stea |cc|ea+s c| | a|tes, scc|ecs|c| a de t|e||+s, +ccesc
, ccat|c| de |e+s de c+:+, esc+ , |ecc|ecc| a c + |ueates de +u+.
la estcs cca||ctcs, ||ae|c |ate||eaea |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es c
su|+ccaua+|es ,, ea seuad+ |ast+ac|+, |+s c|+a|:+c|caes c| t|c+s:
|+ teat|+|, :ucceat|+| c e| tcase,c.
lcs |ecu|scs esc+scs eae|+a |cc|ea+s ea |+s |e+s au|t| ta|c+s c
au|t|ccaua+|es. lc| e,ea|c, ea l\+|t+c| a de |cs t+,uc+c+s est
|c||c|dc c|+ue+| c cu|t|+| ea e| c+|cec|c de ct|+ e|sca+, eat|e
|cs |tca+a+s est |c||c|dc ccae|c|+||:+| e| +|a|tc.
1+ac| a se d+a cca||ctcs eat|e |cs ccaua+||cs ue t|eaea +a+dc
, |cs ue t|eaea c|+cc, eae|+|aeate e| +a+dc +||u|a+ |cs cu|t|cs.
lstcs c+scs se sc|uc|ca+a |e+|+adc e| e|,u|c|c c |aca|eadc ua+
au|t+ +| due c de| +a+dc.
-s|a|sac, e\|stea cca||ctcs |+teates eat|e 1|e||+s tcaua|t+||+s de
O||ea, t|tu|+d+s c ac, ccac eat|e |cs c||a+aes de| 1lth , e| 1lM, c
eat|e |cs |tca+a+s , |cs c+u|es c| cuest|caes de | a|tes.
la+ cuea+ +|te de |cs cca||ctcs |ate|ccaua+|es ea |cs uec|cs |a-
d ea+s de| \c|te -a+: a|cc de||+a de |+ d|st||cuc| a |ate|a+ de
|e+s ccac |esu|t+dc de| c|ec|a|eatc cc|+c|ca+| c c| |+ +da|s| a
de auecs a|eac|cs. la ct|cs c+scs, ea cc+ de :+||+, |+a|||+|es de
|cs |c|cs ccaua+||cs se +s|eat+a , +|cec|+a |cs |ecu|scs s|a de-
,+| a|a a ceae|c|c +|+ |+ ccaua|d+d. Ot|cs cca||ctcs se d+a c| e|
a+ae,c de es+c|cs deat|c de |+s ccaua|d+des , eat|e uec|cs ue
|+c|t+a e| a|sac es+c|c, es e| c+sc de |+s ccaua|d+des t+c+a+s de
lc|etc, ue se ue,+a c| |+ |a+s| a + sus |e+s.
308 Elba FlORES GONZlES
3.1.3. Formas de gobierno comunal
l+s |c|a+s de cc|e|ac de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s sca d|e|s+s, c|
|+ |a|ueac|+ de |cs |ccescs ||st ||ccs , c| |+ +dcc| a de |c|a+s
de c|+a|:+c| a |auest+s c| e| lst+dc, ue |ccc+a ea +|uacs
c+scs des|+:+a|eatc de sus |c|a+s de c|+a|:+c| a c| aue+ ac-
d+||d+des de +|t|c|+c| a c| t|c+, ccac c| e,ea|c |cs cc||e|dc-
|es, d|||eates s|ad|c+|es, , d|||eates de c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s,
+utc||d+des aua|c|+|es, suc+|c+|des, |e|eseat+ates de +|t|dcs c-
| t|ccs, etc. (eat|e|st+: /c|e::|, |/)/],. l| c+sc a s cca|e,c es |+
le, de l+|t|c|+c| a lcu|+|
4
ue c|e |+ |u|+ de |+ O|+a|:+c| a
1e|||tc||+| de +se (O1,. lu+|aeate, |+s |ast|tuc|caes ea |uac| a
+ sus aeces|d+des |acaea aue+s |c|a+s de +utc||d+d, ccac |cs
|escas+c|es de |c,ectcs.
lc| est+s |a|ueac|+s se |eseat+a cca||ctcs |ate|eae|+c|ca+|es. lcs
, eaes t|eadea + +dct+| aue+s |c|a+s , +|c|es +|+ |+ |esc|u-
c| a de cca||ctcs, ccas|de|+adc ue |+s +utc||d+des c| t|c+s ccac
e| tc||e|dc|, |cs |es|deates ccaua+|es , |+s O1 t|eaea a+,c|es
+t||cuc|caes. lstc |ccc+ ue |cs +ac|+acs, ue e|+a |eset+dcs ,
escuc|+dcs c| sus s+ce|es, se s|eat+a des|+:+dcs de |+ tca+ de
dec|s|caes ue +|ect+a + |+ ccaua|d+d.
la |cs c+c||dcs, e| tc||e|dc| c t+c|ue teae|+| es |+ +utc||d+d a \|-
a+ de |+ ccaua|d+d, |e s|uea ct|+s +utc||d+des, ccac e| t+|t a
t|+ade, |cs c+c|ues, |cs |ateadeates, e| +|| |e:, |cs |sc+|es, |cs c||-
c +s, |cs +|c+ce+s , |cs cca|s+||cs.
la |+s |c|a+s de cc|e|ac se eacueat|+a t+ac| a |u|+s ccac e|
t+|t a t|+ade: +c+ecu+| +|+ |cs t+c+a+s, Mcu|||s|+ +|+ e|
uec|c u+|+a , l|e|u+ +|+ |cs s|||ca s. lst+ +utc||d+d, s|a se| es-
t||ct+aeate |e|ed|t+||+, se a+at|eae t|+d|c|ca+|aeate deat|c de |+
a|sa+ |+a|||+. l| t |a|ac t+|t a |ue ea|e+dc desde |+ tc|ca|+
+|+ t|+duc|| e| t |a|ac u+|+a Mcu|u|s|+. t+d+ teat+ c ccauai-
+
lst+ le,, |cau|+d+ ea 1))+, |eccacce + |+s c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s ea su
|e|+c| a cca e| lst+dc |+ e|sca+||d+d ,u| d|c+ , de|ec|cs +|+ |ccae|, e,e|ce|
ccat|c| scc|+| , +|t|c|+|.
309 aNExO II
d+d u+|+a t|eae su |c|c d|||eate e|e|dc ea +s+ac|e+ ccaua+|.
l| cca,uatc de +||+s teat+s ec|a+s |c|a+ e| 1eat+ tu+su c t+|t+a +
t|+ade, eac+ce:+d+ c| e| Mcu|u|c|+ tu+su c t+|t a t|+ade (|cs
uec|cs c+|ae c , ese e,,+ t+ac| a cueat+a cca su t+|t a,.
la +|uacs uec|cs, |+s a \|a+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es sca e| l|e-
s|deate, e| t+c|ue c e| l|es|deate de O1, +cca+ +d+s de sus
seu|dc|es, ccac |cs deaca|a+a |cs c||u|t+acs: \|ce|es|deate,
sec|et+||cs de -ct+s, de O|+a|:+c| a, de lccaca + , cc+|es. -s|-
a|sac, e\|stea ct|+s c|+a|:+c|caes |e|eseat+t|+s ccac |cs cca|t s
ccaua+|es, |+ }uat+ lscc|+|, e| c|uc dec|t|c, |+s ccce|+t|+s , e| t|uc
de M+d|es.
-|uacs uec|cs est a ea |ccesc de ccast|ucc| a de aue+s est|uc-
tu|+s de cc|e|ac eac+|+d+s de est|ca+| e| te|||tc||c, es e| c+sc de|
uec|c c||u|t+ac ue |ec|eateaeate |+ c|e+dc e| tca|t de test| a
1e|||tc||+|.
lcdeacs t+ac| a acac|+| +utc||d+des c| t|c+s |eccacc|d+s, ccac
e| tc||e|dc|, |u|+ |at|cduc|d+ c| |cs es+ c|es , |eccacc|d+ c|
|+ tcast|tuc| a lc| t|c+ de| lst+dc. ls des|a+dc c| e| :uc|e|ectc
de |+ |c|ac|+ , +t|eade cca||ctcs de||+dcs c| |+s +utc||d+des cc-
aua+|es. l| :uc+|c+|de es t+ac| a ua+ +utc||d+d c| t|c+ |eccacc|d+:
se eac+|+ de |acc|c|+| ea e| lO- |+s aeces|d+des de |+s ccaua|d+-
des , +|t|c|+| ea |eua|caes ue ccacc+ e| Mua|c||c.
3.1.4. M todos de resoluci n de confictos
l+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es sca |+s eac+|+d+s de |esc|e| |cs cca-
||ctcs cca +c,c de |cs +ac|+acs, test|cs, ccaua+||cs , c|+a+aes c
c|u,cs, u|eaes ccast|tu,ea +ctc|es de |eu|+c| a , aec+a|sacs de
ccat|c| scc|+|. lat|e |cs |cced|a|eatcs , a tcdcs ue ut|||:+a |cs
uec|cs |ad ea+s ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs teaeacs:
El consejo de ancianos o pasados: la |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s se
dest+c+ cca ||ae:+ e| |c| de |cs +ac|+acs, u|eaes cca su ccacc|-
a|eatc , su s+c|du| + |a|u,ea ea |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs, +ccase-
,+adc , +||c+adc |+ s+ac| a.
La asamblea comunal o consejo ind gena: ls |+ |ast+ac|+ de de-
|a|c| a scc|cc| t|c+ de |+ ccaua|d+d, es e| ac|tc de ccasu|t+ +|+
310 Elba FlORES GONZlES
|+ tca+ de dec|s|caes. l+|t|c|+a tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs, tcdcs t|eaea
de|ec|c + dec|| su +|+c|+ , + se| escuc|+dcs |+st+ +ct+| e| d| |cc
, ||e+| + ua ccaseasc. l+s +utc||d+des se eac+|+a de |+ce| cua|||
e| a+ad+tc.
Los chamanes o brujos: :ca |u|+s |uad+aeat+|es , de auc|c
|est||c ea |+ ccaua|d+d, +uaue +|uacs |es t|eaea teac|. :u |c|
es +c,+| +| esc|+|ec|a|eatc , |esc|uc| a de |cs cca||ctcs. luedea
dec|d|| u| a |+ ccaet|dc ua+ |+|t+.
La calavera: la +|uacs uec|cs, ccac e| ac,e c, ua+ |c|a+ de
|esc|e| |cs cca||ctcs es e|+adc + |+ c+|+e|+: :e dece e|+| + |+
c+|+e|+ cca e|+s |ec|+s c| e||+ a|sa+ tcd+ |+ acc|e, cu+adc se
due|aea, |+ c+|+e|+ |c ac|est+ , ac de,+ dc|a|| +| ue | cc (tl}l:
, ct|cs, !|: !]e,.
Las actas comunales: ls ccstuac|e de +|uacs uec|cs |ad ea+s
ccat+| cca ua ||c|c de +ct+s, e| a|sac ue ccast|tu,e |+ aeac||+
cc|ect|+ dcade se |e|st|+a |cs |ec|cs , cca||ctcs a s |ac|t+ates.
la |+s +ct+s se est+c|ecea |cs +cue|dcs c +||e|cs + |cs ue se |+a
cca|caet|dcs |cs |a||+ctc|es.
Justicia ordinaria: lcs de||tcs a s |+es, ccac c| aeaes, |c|+-
c|caes c |ccc de aeac|es, sca deauac|+dcs +ate |+s +utc||d+des
ccaeteates. l+ ccaua|d+d se ccast|tu,e ea +|te c||| |+st+ ue se
esc|+|e:c+a |cs c+scs , |cs +utc|es se+a s+ac|ca+dcs.
El control social: l| ccat|c| scc|+| cc|ect|c es ua+ aed|d+ de cce|-
c| a ue e|a|te +|+at|:+| e| cua||a|eatc de| c+st|c.
3.1.5. la sanci n
l+s |+|t+s sca ccas|de|+d+s ua+ |+a e| ea:+. tca |+ +||c+c| a de
|+ s+ac| a, |+s +utc||d+des , |+ ccaua|d+d cusc+a e| |eccacc|a|eatc,
e| +||eeat|a|eatc, |+ |e+|+c| a de| d+ c, |+ |eccac|||+c| a de |+s
+|tes ,, scc|e tcdc, |+ |ecue|+c| a de| |a||+ctc|. l+s s+ac|caes sca
+||c+d+s c| |cs +ac|+acs, |cs +d|es, |+s +utc||d+des ccaua+|es ,
c| t|c+s. l+s |c|a+s de s+ac| a |+a c+ac|+dc ea e| t|+ascu|sc de|
t|eac. -|ua+s ea+s cc|c|+|es |auest+s c| |cs ,esu|t+s, ccac e|
cec, |+a des++|ec|dc, +uaue |+ aue|te c| |ec||ce| + es +||c+d+
cc+s|ca+|aeate.
311 aNExO II
l| ccase,c: :e +||c+ cu+adc se ccaete ua+ |+|t+ c| ||ae|+ e:.
ls +cet+dc cca auc|+ +teac| a , |esetc c| |cs ccaua+||cs.
tcaeas+c| a: tuc|e |cs +stcs ea esec|es c d|ae|c de |cs d+-
cs c+us+dcs. teae|+|aeate se d+ cu+adc |cs +a|a+|es +||u|a+a
e| c|+cc c ea c+scs de |cccs c e|e+s eat|e ccaua+||cs ue cc+-
s|ca+a e|,u|c|cs c |es|caes.
l+ t+|e+ ccaua+|: l| t|+c+,c ccaua+| ccas|ste ea cc|t+| cstes,
||a|+| |+ |+:+, |+ce| +dcces, +|+ac|+|, etc. :e +||c+, scc|e tcdc,
+ |cs cc||+c|cs , e|e+dc|es.
l+ au|t+: ls +||c+d+ c| e| tc||e|dc| c+atca+| ea tcdcs |cs c+scs
ue |e tcc+ +teade|. lc| e,ea|c, c| |+|t+ de |esetc + |+ +utc||d+d
ccc|+ de 1 + | cc|||+acs. lc| e||c, |cs ccaua+||cs |e|e|ea
+||e|+| |cs |cc|ea+s |ate|a+aeate cca sus +utc||d+des.
l\u|s| a de |+ ccaua|d+d: lst+ s+ac| a es +sua|d+ c| |+ +s+a-
c|e+ ccaua+|. :e +||c+ ea c+scs ccas|de|+dcs c| |+s +utc||d+des
ccac |+|t+s |+es: c|u,e| +, a+| ccac|t+a|eatc c aue|te.
l| cue|c de acc|c, led|c Mc|eac c cc|+ de e,|: ls |+ u+sc+
(+:ctes, ue se +||c+ cu+adc e| ccase,c , ct|+s |c|a+s de s+ac| a
ac |+a |ec|c e|ectc. la +|uacs c+scs e| c+st|c se +||c+ s |c cca
|eseac|+ de |+s +utc||d+des de| t+c||dc , ea ct|cs ea c||cc. la
e| uec|c t+c+a+, e| +:cte c u+sc+ es ccs+ de| +s+dc, , s|a||c+
ua+ +|es| a ,+ ue |cs ccaua+||cs |c +scc|+a d||ect+aeate cca
|+ c|ue| |c|a+ de c+st|+| ue +||c+c+a |cs c+||+ue|cs,
-||estc: ls +||c+dc, eae|+|aeate, c| e| tc||e|dc|.
3.1.6. Pasos para la resoluci n de los confictos
lcs +scs ue se s|uea +|+ |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs cca |+s +utc-
||d+des de| t+c||dc , |cs dea+ad+ates sca |cs s|u|eates:
l||ae|c: leauac|+ e|c+| +ate e| t+c||dc. l| t+c||dc ccacc+ +
|cs dea+ad+dcs , +| dea+ad+ate. la c+sc de ue e| cca||ctc
se+ c| ua+ |+|t+ |ee ue ac +ae||t+ s+ac|caes, e| ||ae| +sc
est+c|ec|dc es +c|+|+| |+ s|tu+c| a.
:euadc: l+s |eua|caes sca + ue|t+ ce||+d+, ac eat|+ a|aua+
e|sca+ e\t|+ +, s |c |+s +utc||d+des +ctu+|es, |cs +s+dcs, |+s
|+a|||+s de |cs dea+ad+dcs , dea+ad+ates , |cs test|cs.
1e|ce|c: l+s |eua|caes se ||e+a + c+cc ea |c|+s de |+ a+d|u+d+,
c| |c eae|+| + |+s cu+t|c de |+ a+ +a+, de ese acdc ac se t|e-
aea |ate||uc|caes.
312 Elba FlORES GONZlES
tu+|tc: lst |c||c|dc ue |cs a| cs , |cs , eaes |eseac|ea |+s
ses|caes de| t+c||dc +|+ e|t+| ue |+ a+|d+d c+st|+d+ se |a-
|eae ea e| cue|c de stcs.
l|a+|aeate, |uec de |+s de||ce|+c|caes se |ccede +||c+| |+ s+a-
c| a, ue ea auc|cs c+scs sca +:ctes.
lcs c+scs ue +|ect+a |+ +|aca + de |+ ccaua|d+d sca t|+t+dcs c|
tcdcs |cs ccaua+||cs ea |+ +s+ac|e+ ccaua+| ccac a \|a+ |ast+a-
c|+ de dec|s| a:
l||ae|c: leauac|+s e|c+|es +ate |+s +utc||d+des.
:euadc: l+s +utc||d+des |ateat+a |esc|e| e| cca||ctc, s| ea
ue es de |+ed+d , +|ect+ |+ +|aca + ccaua+| es t|+s+s+dc + |+
+s+ac|e+ ccaua+|.
1e|ce|c: l+s +utc||d+des ccacc+a + |cs dea+ad+dcs, +| dea+a-
d+ate, + |cs test|cs , + |cs ccaua+||cs + |+ +s+ac|e+ eae|+|.
tu+|tc: :e |a|c|+ |+ +s+ac|e+ , se +act+ ea ua ||c|c de +ct+s tcdc
e| |ccesc. l+s +utc||d+des cedea |+ +|+c|+ + |cs dea+ad+ates.
l+ |+a|||+ es |+ ue |de e| c+st|c , +ate es+ s|tu+c| a se |caua-
c|+ |cs ccaua+||cs, dete|a|a+adc ea ccaseasc |+ s+ac| a ue es
+cet+d+ c| tcdcs. la +|uacs c+scs, |+ +s+ac|e+ ccaua+| dec|-
de +cud|| + |+s +utc||d+des de| uec|c.
Qu|atc: :e +||c+ |+ s+ac| a ,, |a+|aeate, |+ e|sca+ se cca|c-
aete + ac |e|ac|d|| , ||a+ e| +ct+ de cca|ca|sc. :| |+ s+ac| a
es |+ e\u|s| a, se d+ ua |+:c +|+ ue |+ e|sca+ +c+adcae |+
ccaua|d+d, + eces se |e e|a|te |ecce| su ccsec|+.
:| |+ -s+ac|e+ |+ dec|d|dc |ea|t|| e| c+sc + |+ ,ust|c|+ c|d|a+||+
sca |+s +utc||d+des |+s ue |+cea |+ deauac|+ |esect|+ c |+s ue
||e+a +| dea+ad+dc.
3.1.7. Condiciones para la resoluci n de los confictos
l+ ||ac|+| ccad|c| a +|+ |+ |esc|uc| a de |cs cca||ctcs es ccacce|
, |eset+| |+ d|e|s|d+d ta|c+ , |cs de|ec|cs est+c|ec|dcs ea |+
|e|s|+c| a.
Que |cs cca||ctcs se |esue|+a ea e| |u+| de |cs |ec|cs, c|ue
|cs ccaua+||cs |e d+a ua +|c| s|ac ||cc: |e|eseat+ e| |esetc
, |+ |u+|d+d de ccad|c|caes. lc| e,ea|c, ea |+ a+|c|+ de 1)),
e| | de| |ad ea+ s|||ca 1ca s 1|cu+sc |e a+a||est +| eatcaces
313 aNExO II
l|es|deate de |+ ke c||c+, }+|ae l+: /+ac|+, ue ue| + aec-
c|+| ea e| |u+| de |+ a+|c|+ , de ,e|e + ,e|e.
keset+| |+s |c|a+s de ccaua|c+c| a, |cs a|e|es , c d|cs de
|ate||et+c| a de |+s cu|tu|+s. (- |cs +,c|ecs |es ust+ |+c|+| , se|
escuc|+dcs.,
tca|eade| |+ ccsac|s| a de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s, sus a|tcs,
c|eeac|+s , ccstuac|es.
lateade| |+s ,e|+|u +s.
tcacce| sus |c|a+s de c|+a|:+c| a scc|+| , c| t|c+.
tcacce| |cs |+dcs de +cu|tu|+c| a de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s.
ldeat||c+| + |cs ccaua+||cs cca c++c|d+des , e\e||eac|+ ea |+
|esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
tcacce| |cs +t|caes |ae|+ates: a+t||||ae+| c +t||||ae+|. la e|
c+sc de |cs +,c|ecs , s|||ca s, es |ac|t+ate ue e| aecc|+dc| c
e| aed|+dc| de ua cca||ctc se+ ua+ au,e|.
tcacce| |+s |e|+c|caes |ate|ea ||c+s e |ate|eae|+c|ca+|es.
Que |cs ccaua+||cs se e\|esea ea su |d|ca+ ccac |ueate de
s+c|du| + , ccacc|a|eatc de |+ aeac||+ ||st ||c+.
keset+| |+ |e||| a, ue uede |a|u|| ea su |c|a+ t|+d|c|ca+| de
|esc|e| |cs cca||ctcs. la e| c+sc de lcae| c, |cs ccaua+||cs
est a d||d|dcs eat|e c+t ||ccs , e+a ||ccs , estc |a|u,e ea su
cu|tu|+ , ea su |s| a de |+s s+ac|caes , |c||c|c|caes scc|+|es.
3.2. Confictos con otros actores y formas de resoluci n
3.2.1. Tipos de confictos
lesde ue se c|+a|:+|ca, + +|t|| de |+ c|e+c| a de |+ tca|ede|+-
c| a de luec|cs lad ea+s de| O||eate t|+cc , -a+:ca + de c||-
|+ (tllO, ea cctuc|e de 1)~!, |+ ||ac|+| |e||ad|c+c| a ta|c+
de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s |ue e| |eccacc|a|eatc
de sus de|ec|cs ccac cc|ect||d+d d||e|eac|+d+, ||ac|+|aeate |+
|ecue|+c| a de sus te|||tc||cs, ue ccast|tu,ea |+ +|+at + +|+ su
|e|cducc| a ta|c+. l| |eccacc|a|eatc de sus de|ec|cs ac |+ s|dc
ua |ccesc | c||, |+ eae|+dc cca||cat+c|caes cca +ctc|es e\te|acs,
ccac |cs +a+de|cs, c+||+ue|cs, et|c|e|cs , a|ae|cs, c cca |cs c-
de|es de| lst+dc, |cs aua|c||cs , |cs cc|e|acs de+|t+aeat+|es.
Confictos por la tierra: la |+s t|e||+s c+,+s de c|||+, |+ t|e||+ se
eacueat|+ ccaceat|+d+ ea cc+s a+acs, |cs a|e|es de |cducc| a
314 Elba FlORES GONZlES
, |cduct||d+d est a au, |e,cs de s+t|s|+ce| |+s e\ect+t|+s a+c|c-
a+|es, se a+at|eae |eates |cs s|stea+s de e\|ct+c| a |+cc|+| ea
ccad|c|caes |ec+|t+||st+s, e\|ste auc|+ e\c|us| a scc|+|, cca||ctcs
de |c|ed+d , cses| a, |c|eac|+ , ct|cs (kcae|c, !|: ]+,. l|
||ac|+| cca||ctc ue ea||eat+a |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s es |+ |uc|+
c| e| te|||tc||c. lcs |cc|ea+s se d+a cca |c|et+||cs |e+|es e
||e+|es, c| ||ade|cs, scc|ecs|c| a, ++s+||+a|eatc, c c|ue |cs
|ed|cs |+a su|||dc |ecc|tes , des+|c,cs du|+ate e| s+ae+a|eatc. l+
+|cc+c| a de |+ le, de| :e||c|c de ke|c|a+ -|+||+ (:\k-, d|c |a|-
c|c +| |ccesc de s+ae+a|eatc , t|tu|+c| a de |+ |c|ed+d +|+||+. :|a
eac+|c, ea auee + cs de +||c+c| a de |+ |e,, |cs cca||ctcs c| |+
t|e||+ se |+a +ud|:+dc c| |+ +|c|+||:+c| a de |+s +utc||d+des, |+ |+|t+
de c|uat+d c| t|c+ , |+ |e+cc| a |c|eat+ de |cs |c|et+||cs. l\|stea
t+ac| a cca||ctcs c| |+ eat+ de t|e||+s c| d|||eates, +utc||d+des
, ccaua+||cs + cca|+dc|es a+c|ca+|es , e\t|+a,e|cs, ccac ea e|
c+sc de| uec|c u+|+,c. - eces, se eade t|e||+ + a+c|ca+|es , |uec
stcs |+ eadea + ae,c| |ec|c + c|+s||e cs , aeaca|t+s.
Confictos por recursos naturales: l| +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs
|ecu|scs a+tu|+|es a+de|+c|es , ac a+de|+c|es +|+ usc dca st|cc
, |+ c+:+ , esc+ +|+ ccasuac |+a|||+| ac |eu|e|ea +utc||:+c| a
e\|es+. :e uede |+ce| ||c|eaeate s|ea|e , cu+adc se ccase|e
|+ |+c|ca+||d+d. la c+ac|c, e| +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs a+-
tu|+|es cca |aes ccae|c|+|es dece teae| e| ++| de tcdcs |cs ccau-
a+||cs , dece |+ce|se de |c|a+ cc|ect|+ , scstea|c|e. la e| c+sc de
+|cec|+a|eatc de |+ a+de|+, auc|+s ccaua|d+des cca +c,c de
|ast|tuc|caes e|+cc|+a |+aes de a+ae,c |c|est+| ue sca +|cc+dcs
c| |+ :ue||ateadeac|+ lc|est+|.
Confictos por la madera: l| +ccesc, usc , +|cec|+a|eatc de
|cs |ecu|scs |c|est+|es |ccc+ cca||ctcs cca ea|es+s ue t|eaea
ccaces|caes |c|est+|es deat|c de |+s ccaua|d+des e |aducea + |cs
ccaua+||cs + |+ eat+ ||e+| de a+de|+. lstcs cca||ctcs |ccc+a,
+ su e:, d||s| a ea |+s ccaua|d+des: +|ua+s |+a|||+s se ded|c+a +
est+ +ct||d+d ea +cue|dc cca ||+te|cs , cu+|tcae|cs, ea desaed|c
de |cs |ate|eses cc|ect|cs. lcs cca||ctcs se +||e|+a, eae|+|aeate,
decca|s+adc |+ a+de|+ , |e||+a|eat+s c d+adc +|te + |+s +utc||d+-
des ccaeteates.
315 aNExO II
confictos por las reas de casta a: lstcs cca||ctcs sucedea ea
e| \c|te -a+: a|cc, dcade e| ccsue , sus d|e|scs |cductcs ccas-
t|tu,ea |+ ||ac|+| |ueate de |+ eccaca +, ea esec|+| |+ |ecc|ecc| a
de |+ c+st+ +. l| +|cec|+a|eatc de |+ c+st+ + eae|+ cca||ctcs
eat|e |cs |ad ea+s, |cs c+||+ue|cs , |+s ccaua|d+des c+aes|a+s
c|ue ac se |eset+a |cs des||ades +at|ucs c c| scc|ecs|c| a
de |+s |e+s de +|cec|+a|eatc. l+s ccaua|d+des tca+a cses| a
de d|c|+s |e+s ccac +|te|a+t|+ de +|c|+c| a , ccasc||d+c| a de|
te|||tc||c, es e| c+sc de |+ ccaua|d+d t+c+a+ tcat|++||c|+, ue ccu
| s|c+aeate t|es ceat|cs c+st+ e|cs de |+ |c|ed+d :+a led|c. lcs
cca||ctcs se +||e|+a ||a+adc +cue|dcs cca |cs c+||+ue|cs , cca
|+s |+a|||+s, e|c estcs +cue|dcs ea auc|cs c+sc ac se cua|ea c
s |c se |eset+a ea |+ cc+ de :+||+ (tlk-O1lMtl}l:, !+: ~|,.
Confictos con las empresas petroleras: la+ c+|+cte| st|c+ de|
cca||ctc eat|e ea|es+s et|c|e|+s , uec|cs |ad ea+s es e| |ue|te
deseu|||c||c de cde|. l| cde| ecca a|cc , c| t|cc de |+s et|c-
|e|+s d||cu|t+ |+ +e|tu|+ de escea+||cs de d| |cc eat|e |u+|es. :us
+ct|tudes de ccct+c| a de d|||eates , ccaua+||cs de c+se |cc-
c+a descca|+a:+, ccac ccasecueac|+, |cs +cue|dcs c+|ecea de ua
susteatc ea e| t|eac , ac sca eu|t+t|cs. la e| a+|cc de estcs cca-
||ctcs se uede d|st|au|| dcs t|cs de +||+a:+s, |+s est|+t |c+s , |+s
t ct|c+s. l+s et|c|e|+s t|eaea ua+ +||+a:+ est|+t |c+ cca e| lst+dc
ea tc|ac + |ate|eses ecca a|ccs ccauaes. l+ scc|ed+d c|||, c| su
+|te, |e+||:+ +||+a:+s de |es|steac|+ + |+s et|c|e|+s de c+| cte| cc,ua-
tu|+|. lcs |ucs ue cca|c|a+a est+s +||+a:+s sca |ete|c aecs: |a-
d ea+s, c+aes|acs, cc|cacs, ccae|c|+ates, etc. (-|+ a e latu||+s,
!+: ))1,. l+ est|+te|+ ut|||:+d+ |+st+ +|c|+ c| |cs u+|+a es , |cs
weea|+,e| |+ s|dc |+ aecc|+c| a /a //a, cca +cc|caes , +||+a:+s |c-
c+|es. tca|c|a+|ca eu|cs aecc|+dc|es ue |+ate+c+a est|+te|+s
, |cuest+s + |+ ea|es+ de|a|d+s ea +s+ac|e+s e\t|+c|d|a+||+s. ls-
t+s aecc|+c|caes se |+a t|+duc|dc ea ccaeas+c|caes ecca a|c+s
ue ac |esue|ea e| |cc|ea+ de |+ |ed|st||cuc| a de |ecu|scs.
Confictos con empresas mineras: la e| te|||tc||c |ad ea+ e\|s-
tea ccaces|caes a|ae|+s ue cc+s|ca+a se||cs |a+ctcs +ac|eat+|es.
l+s ccaua|d+des ue est a scc|e |+s a |eaes de| | c M+d|e de l|cs
t|eaea d||cu|t+des c| |+ e\t|+cc| a de c|c +|u|ca+| ue |e+||:+a te|-
ce|+s e|sca+s (c+|se|cs c +||ae|cs, ue ccat+a|a+a |cs | cs cca
316 Elba FlORES GONZlES
|es|ducs u a|ccs , +|ect+a |+ s+|ud de |cs |+c|t+ates de |+s ccaua|-
d+des ue ut|||:+a es+s +u+s +|+ ccasuac |ua+ac (tlk-O1lM
tl}l:, !+: ~~,.
Confictos por el agua: :e eae|+a cca||ctcs c| e| +ccesc +| +u+,
scc|e tcdc ea cc+s sec+s. l+s ccaua|d+des u+|+a es , c||u|t+a+s
de lcae| c +cudea +| Mua|c||c +|+ |esc|e||cs. Ot|cs cca||ctcs +a-
c|eat+|es ea |cs cue|cs de +u+ (| cs, +||c,cs , |+cs, sca |ccc+-
dcs c| e| |a|esc de esc+dc|es +|t|cu|+|es ue ut|||:+a |+st|caes
+|+ e\t|+e| tcdc t|c de esec|es +cu t|c+s, de,+adc ea desccacs|-
c| a +ue||+s ue ac t|eaea |ate| s ecca a|cc. -s|a|sac, ccac |c-
ductc de |+ c+:+ |ad|sc||a|a+d+ e ||e+| de |++|tcs +|+ |+ e\t|+cc| a
de cue|cs, |e+||:+d+ c| te|ce|+s e|sca+s, ued+a |cs |estcs de estcs
+a|a+|es ea desccacs|c| a + c||||+s de |+cs , +||c,cs.
Confictos con el municipio: 1+ac| a e\|stea cca||ctcs cca |cs
aua|c||cs ue se a|e+a + ctc|+| e|sca+||d+d ,u| d|c+ + |+s cc-
aua|d+des, +|uaeat+adc ue ea st+s ac |+, |ad ea+s. lc| ct|c
|+dc, |cs aua|c||cs ac |acc|c|+a ea e| lO- |+s aeces|d+des de |+s
ccaua|d+des, ue dea+ad+a a+,c| +teac| a, +|t|c|+c| a , ccat|c|
scc|+|.
3.2.2. Actores de los confictos
Estado (instituciones nacionales): l+s +utc||d+des c| t|c+s de|
lst+dc |+a s|dc cuest|ca+d+s c| su +|c|+||:+c| a, |+ |at|ca|s| a c-
| t|c+ +|t|d+||+, |+ |es| a de |cs |ucs de cde| , |+ |+|t+ de c|ua-
t+d c| t|c+. -dea s, |+s +utc||d+des ac escuc|+a, ||a+a +cue|dcs
ue ac se cua|ea, |c ue eae|+ |+ descca|+a:+ de |+s c|+a|:+c|c-
aes |ad ea+s.
El INRA: lst+ |ast|tuc| a de| lst+dc +t|eade cca||ctcs |e|+c|ca+dcs
cca |+ cses| a , |+ |c|ed+d de |+ t|e||+ e,e|c|eadc e| +e| de ae-
d|+dc|. la |+s e||c|+s de c+ac, s| ac se ||e+ + ua +cue|dc + t|+ s
de |+ ccac|||+c| a, se cc|cc+a est+c+s |c,+s ea |u+| de ac,caes. lue-
c e| l\k- tca+ |+ de|a|c| a |a+| scc|e e| cca||ctc.
Ganaderos: leaca|a+dcs t+ac| a te|ce|cs, sca |c|et+||cs c c-
seedc|es +|t|cu|+|es de ua |ed|c uc|c+dc deat|c de| te|||tc||c de-
a+ad+dc c| |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s. - aed|d+ ue ++a:+ e| |ccesc
317 aNExO II
de s+ae+a|eatc , t|tu|+c| a de |+s 1tO, |cs +|||+dcs + |+ tca|ede-
|+c| a de la|es+||cs -|cecu+||cs (tca|e+|c, |e+||:+a +cc|caes
de |es| a, +aea+:+s, |c|eac|+, secuest|c de d|||eates , t ca|ccs ,
ct|+s +cc|caes ue u|ae|+a e| c|dea+a|eatc ,u| d|cc. h+a c|+a|-
:+dc cca|t s de +utcde|eas+ de |+s t|e||+s ||+d+s, |+a ccct+dc
+ |uac|ca+||cs de| l\k- , |+|s||c+dc dccuaeatcs. 1+ac| a |e+||:+a
c+a+ +s de des|a|c|a+c| a scc|e |cs e|d+de|cs +|c+aces de |+ |e,
+|+||+ (-|+ad +, !|: ),.
Patrones/barraqueros: :ca |cs due cs de |+s c+||+c+s, ue +ates
e\|ct+c+a |+ ca+ , +ctu+|aeate se ded|c+a + |+ |ecc|ecc| a de c+s-
t+ +. lst a c|+a|:+dcs , |e|eseat+a ua |uc de cde| ecca a|cc
de |+a |a|ueac|+ ea |+ |e| a. h+a dea+ad+dc +| lst+dc |+ |cau|-
+c| a de dec|etcs, |e,es , ct|cs |ast|uaeatcs ,u| d|ccs +|+ ccasc-
||d+| |+ades e\teas|caes de t|e||+ , |ecu|scs a+de|+c|es , ac a+de-
|+c|es, cc+s|ca+adc ccast+ates cca||ctcs cca |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s
c| |+ t|tu|+||d+d de |cs de|ec|cs. :us |ast|uaeatcs de |acs|c| a
de sus dea+ad+s sca |+ |c|eac|+, |+s +aea+:+ , |+ tca+ , uea+ de
c|c|a+s.
Madereros: :ca due cs de ea|es+s ue t|eaea ccaces|caes a+de-
|e|+s ue, ea auc|cs c+scs, se scc|ecaea + |cs te|||tc||c |ad ea+s.
laceat|+a |+ e\|ct+c| a ||e+| de a+de|+ ++adc c+,cs |ec|cs. l\-
|ct+a |+s a+de|+s de ||ae|+: ea e| ccsue c||a a +c+c+|ca cca |+
a+de|+ a+|+, ua+ esec|e de +|tc +|c| ccae|c|+| ea e| ae|c+dc.
Comerciantes: lcs ccae|c|+ates sca |ate|aed|+||cs de| ae|c+dc:
cca|+a |cs |cductcs + |cs ccaua+||cs (a+de|+, c+st+ +, +|a|tc ,
ct|cs, + c+,cs |ec|cs. l+s ccaua|d+des t|eaea |e|+c|caes de deea-
deac|+ cca |cs ccae|c|+ates c|ue ac eacueat|+a cc|caes +|+
|+ ccae|c|+||:+c| a de sus |cductcs , te|a|a+a scaet| adcse + |+s
ccad|c|caes de |ec|c , c+||d+d ue stcs |es |acaea.
Contratistas: leaca|a+dcs t+ac| a |ae|s|ca|st+s. :ca |cs |ate|-
aed|+||cs eat|e |+ ccaua|d+d , e| +se||+de|c +|+ |+ eat+ de a+de|+
++adc ea e|ect|c.
Colonizadores/migrantes: lcs cc|cacs sca a||+ates ue |+a ccu-
+dc t|e||+s ea e| O||eate, ea +|uacs c+scs c| c| t|c+s de cc|ca|:+-
c| a d||||d+s desde e| cc|e|ac , ea ct|cs escat ae+aeate. la |cs
318 Elba FlORES GONZlES
uec|cs |ad ea+s ,u|+c+| s , ,uu|ses, ea e| t| |cc de tcc|+c+a-
c+, , t+c+a+s ea e| \c|te de l+ l+:, |+, cca||ctcs c| |+ ccu+c| a
de t|e||+s , c| e| +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs.
3.2.3. M todos originarios, estatales y de otros
actores de resoluci n de confictos
tca e| |a de +|+at|:+| e| e,e|c|c|c de sus de|ec|cs, |cs uec|cs |a-
d ea+s |ecu||ea + t|es est|+te|+s: |+ ||ac|+| es e| d| |cc, |+st+
+ct+||c , ||e+| + +cue|dcs cca c+se ea ccaseascs, |+ seuad+ es |+
|es| a + |+s |ast|tuc|caes de| lst+dc , e| l\k-, |a+|aeate, e| d|se c
de est|+te|+ ue e|a|t+a ccat|c|+| su es+c|c te|||tc||+| +|+ e|t+|
e| +t|ce||c de |cs te|ce|cs. lcs cca||ctcs se |esue|ea ea sus |ast+a-
c|+s c| a|c+s: eacueat|cs de cc||e|dc|es, |eua|caes, cca|escs.
l+ a+|c|+ es ua+ aed|d+ de |es| a ue c+|+cte||:+ + |cs uec|cs
|ad ea+s. lue ut|||:+d+ desde |+ ++||c| a de |+ c|+a|:+c| a |ad e-
a+ ea e| escea+||c a+c|ca+| ccac ua+ |c|a+ de |s|c|||:+|se , |+ce|
escuc|+| sus dea+ad+s. lste a tcdc +du|e|e ua c+| cte| s|ac ||cc
, cu|tu|+| |e|+c|ca+dc cca |+ c sued+ e|a+aeate de |+ 1|e||+ s|a
a+|, |+ lca+ :+at+ c e| +|+ sc.
la su de||ce|+c| a cca e| lst+dc, |cs |ad ea+s +dct+a auecs ae-
c+a|sacs de |es| a, eat|e |cs ue se dest+c+a:
\ecc|+c| a: lcs |ad ea+s est a +c|e|tcs + |+ aecc|+c| a cca
te|ce|cs , cca e| lst+dc. l+|+ e||c cusc+a est+c|ece| +cue|dcs |c|-
a+|es ue +seu|ea |+ |ac|us| a de sus dea+ad+s , +|+at|cea sus
de|ec|cs.
lac|deac|+ c| t|c+: :e |+ ut|||:+ ea tcdc |ccesc de cca||ctc +|+
|es|ca+| c| t|c+aeate + |+s +utc||d+des +|+ +|+at|:+| |+ |ac|u-
s| a de sus dea+ad+s.
|cuecs: -|uacs uec|cs |ad ea+s |+a c|cue+dc c+a|acs
ccac |c|a+ de |ctest+ , |es| a + |+s +utc||d+des de| l\k-.
1ca+ de c:cs et|c|e|cs: lcs u+|+a es |+a +dct+dc est+ ae-
d|d+ ccat|+ de |+s ea|es+s et|c|e|+s +|+ dea+ad+| e| de|ec|c
+ |+ ccasu|t+ , ae,c|es ccad|c|caes de |adeaa|:+c| a , |e+|+-
c| a de| d+ c +ac|eat+|.
319 aNExO II
lecca|sc: :e decca|s+a |+s |e||+a|eat+s, eu|cs, etc. + |cs |-
|+te|cs , + |cs ac|ad ea+s ue e\|ct+a ||e+|aeate |cs |ecu|scs
a+tu|+|es.
luestcs de ccat|c|: :ca aec+a|sacs ut|||:+dcs c| |cs c||u|t+-
acs de Mcate \e|de +|+ |aed|| e| |a|esc de |cs |c|et+||cs
||e+|es + su te|||tc||c.
\||||+: M tcdc de |a|ueac|+ c||st|+a+ ut|||:+dc ccac aed|d+ de
|es| a +|+ |+ +|cc+c| a de| t tu|c de de|ec|cs |ad ea+s ea e|
+ate|c,ectc de |+ le, de h|d|cc+|cu|cs.
l|t||c: la +|uacs c+scs, |cs |ad ea+s |eseat+a dea+ad+s cca-
t|+ +a+de|cs ue |+a |c|+dc sus de|ec|cs.
-||+a:+s cca ct|cs +ctc|es: lcs |ad ea+s |e+||:+a +||+a:+s , +c-
tcs cca ct|cs +ctc|es scc|+|es, c+aes|acs, c+aes|acs s|a t|e||+,
cc|cacs , ct|cs cca e| |a de |+ce| |ue|:+ , eu|||c|+| e| cde| , |+
+|c|+||:+c| a de| cc|e|ac.
t+a+ +s de deauac|+: :e |e+||:+a c+a+ +s +|+ |a|c|a+| ,
seas|c|||:+| + |+ c|a| a c||c+ a+c|ca+| e |ate|a+c|ca+| scc|e |+
|c|+c| a de sus de|ec|cs.
late|cs|c| a de |ecu|scs: :e |ate|caea |ecu|scs +ate c|+a|s-
acs |ate|a+c|ca+|es de de|ec|cs |ua+acs +|+ deauac|+| |+ |c-
|+c| a de de|ec|cs.
3.2.4. Pasos para la resoluci n de confictos
l||ae|c: -s+ac|e+ ccaua+| c |ast+ac|+s de dec|s| a +|+ de|a||
+cc|caes , est|+te|+s +|+ ea||eat+| e| cca||ctc.
:euadc: l| |cc , aecc|+c| a cca |+ +|te ccat|+||+ (c+|t+s,
ccat+ctcs, etc.,.
1e|ce|c: leauac|+ de| c+sc +ate |+s +utc||d+des ccaeteates (|-
s|t+s, c|+||+s, c+|t+s, ccat+ctcs, etc.,.
tu+|tc: keua|caes de ccace|t+c| a eat|e |+s +|tes , |+s +utc||-
d+des ccaeteates |+st+ +ct+| e| d| |cc c |+s aed|d+s |e+|es
|ate|uest+s.
320 Elba FlORES GONZlES
Qu|atc: Med|d+s de |es| a.
:e\tc: kesc|uc| a de| cca||ctc teac|+| c de|a|t|+aeate.
3.2.5. Condiciones para la resoluci n de confictos
keccacc|a|eatc de |+s est|uctu|+s , a|e|es de tca+ de dec|s|c-
aes. -ates de tca+| ua+ dec|s| a ua||+te|+|, |+s +utc||d+des cca-
su|t+a cca sus c+ses. la |+ a+|c|+ de 1))e c| |+ +|cc+c| a de
|+ le, l\k-, a|eat|+s M+|c|+| l+c||c+ac, l|es|deate de| tllO,
aecc|+c+ cca |+s +utc||d+des ea |+ c|ud+d de l+ l+:, |+s c+ses
|c|a+|ca ua cca|t de a+|c|+ + |+ c+ce:+ de }cs +||+c+ , }u+a
tu+||a+ , dec|d|e|ca a+|c|+| + |+ sede de cc|e|ac |ec+s+adc +
sus d||ecc|caes ue ac |ecc|e|ca sus dea+ad+s.
tcacc|a|eatc de |+s |e,es , de|ec|cs ue |cteea + |cs uec|cs
|ad ea+s, ccac e| tcaea|c 1e) de |+ Ol1, |+ tcast|tuc| a lc| t|-
c+ de| lst+dc , ct|+s |e,es.
keset+| sus |c|a+s de eat+c|+| aecc|+c|caes, ccac e| d| |cc,
|+ |e|e\| a, |+ ||+a+d+ de +teac| a + |+s +utc||d+des , ct|+s |as-
t+ac|+s ue |+a |+|t+dc + su +|+c|+ , cca|ca|scs.
keset+| su dec|s| a de des|a+| + sus +sesc|es , +cet+| e| +cca-
+ +a|eatc de stcs ea tcdcs |cs es+c|cs de aecc|+c| a.
\+|c|+| sus |c|cs a tcdcs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
\c sucest|a+| |+ c++c|d+d de d| |cc , ccace|t+c| a de |cs ue-
c|cs |ad ea+s.
4. mEdIAdORES
Asamblea de Derechos Humanos: last|tuc| a |eccacc|d+ c| |+
scc|ed+d cc|||+a+ , c| e| ac|a|eatc |ad ea+ + |+ ue ste +cu-
de ccast+ateaeate +|+ deauac|+| |+ |c|+c| a de sus de|ec|cs + |+
t|e||+ , |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es , +|+ ed|| su aed|c+c| a +ate |+s
+utc||d+des ccaeteates.
Defensor del Pueblo: l| ac|a|eatc |ad ea+ +cude + est+ +utc-
||d+d +|+ deauac|+| |+ +|c|+||:+c| a de |+s +utc||d+des est+t+|es +
|+c| de |cs |ucs de cde| , e| |acua||a|eatc de sus |uac|caes.
321 aNExO II
leauac|+a t+ac| a c+scs de |c|+c| a de de|ec|cs |ua+acs, cu+a-
dc |+s +utc||d+des |+cea usc |adec|dc de sus |uac|caes, +||est+adc
||e+|aeate + |cs d|||eates , ccaua+||cs |ad ea+s.
Iglesia: l+ +utc||d+d de |+ l|es|+ es |eccacc|d+ c| |+ scc|ed+d cc-
|||+a+. lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s +cudea + est+ |ast|tuc| a +|+ ue ae-
d|e ea |cs cca||ctcs cca e| lst+dc , cca te|ce|cs.
Organizaciones no gubernamentales: la |+ aed|d+ ea ue est+s
|ast|tuc|caes |esetea |+ dea+ad+ de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s, su |ate|-
eac| a es aeces+||+. tua|ea e| |c| de |+c|||t+dc|es , aed|+dc|es ea
|cs cca||ctcs.
5. cOncluSIOnES y REcOmEndAcIOnES
l| cca||ctc +|+ |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s es |+ |c|+c| a de |+s ac|-
a+s est+c|ec|d+s |ate|a+aeate ea |+ ccaua|d+d ue +|te|+a |+
cca|eac|+ ccaua+|.
lcs cca||ctcs ue se |eseat+a ea |+ ccaua|d+d sca |esue|tcs
| |d+aeate , s|a a|a a ccstc ecca a|cc c| sus +utc||d+des.
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s cueat+a cca |c|a+s de
|esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs |c|cs, +dct+dcs , +|c|+dcs.
l+s +utc||d+des |ad ea+s cueat+a cca auc|+ |e|t|a|d+d , |es-
etc +|+ |esc|e| |cs cca||ctcs , s+ac|ca+| + |cs |a||+ctc|es.
l\|stea e|eaeatcs |ac|t+ates, ccac |+ |s| a cu|tu|+| de| cca-
||ctc, ue ea auc|cs c+scs ac sca ccas|de|+dcs du|+ate |+ ae-
cc|+c| a.
lcs |+dcs de +|t|cu|+c| a de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s cca e| ae|c+-
dc |cs e\caea + |ate|+ctu+| cca +eates e\te|acs ea ccad|c|c-
aes de deseat+,+ , + +sua|| ac|a+s +,ea+s + su t|+d|c| a.
l| ccacc|a|eatc de |+ |deat|d+d cu|tu|+| de |cs uec|cs |ad e-
a+s, de sus s|stea+s c|+a|:+t|cs, |c|a+s de ccaua|c+c| a, ,e-
|+|u +s, +t|caes de ccu+c| a, etc., es |uad+aeat+| + |+ |c|+ de
+c,+| |ccescs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
l| |d|ca+ ccast|tu,e |+ s+c|du| +, |+ |s| a +acest|+| de estcs ue-
c|cs , su |deat|d+d, c| t+atc, es |ac|t+ate ue se |es e|a|t+
|+c|+| su |d|ca+ + |+ |c|+ |esc|e| |cs cca||ctcs.
l| ||ac|+| cca||ctc es e| de|ec|c + |+ t|e||+, +| te|||tc||c , |cs
|ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. tcac ccasecueac|+ de su |uc|+ c| |+ ccaso-
322 Elba FlORES GONZlES
||d+c| a de este de|ec|c, |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s estu|e|ca ea||+s-
c+dcs ea cca||ctcs cca |c|et+||cs, e| lst+dc , ct|cs +ctc|es.
l| lst+dc dece ace|se deat|c de |cs | a|tes de su ccaeteac|+,
t|+t+adc de dct+| de ccatea|dcs cu|tu|+|aeate +|c|+dcs + sus
|cced|a|eatcs cca a||+s + ccat||cu|| +| des+||c||c de| lst+dc
|u||cu|tu|+| eauac|+dc ea |+ tcast|tuc| a lc| t|c+ de| lst+dc. la
|etc |eseate es |ccede| cca ua c||te||c de |ate|cu|tu|+||d+d,
+|+ |c cu+| es aeces+||c ccast|u|| |cced|a|eatcs , des+||c||+|
ccatea|dcs +c|e|tcs + |+s d||e|eates cu|tu|+s de| + s (eat|e|st+:
/c|e::|, |/)/],.
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s c+,+s, + a|e| |ate|ac , e\te|-
ac, ea su |ate|e|+c| a +| lst+dc , + |cs +eates e\te|acs, a+ae-
,+a sus cca||ctcs ut|||:+adc ccac |ast|uaeatc ||ac|+| e| d| |c-
c. 1|eaea ua+ |+a c++c|d+d de escuc|+|, de||ce|+|, aecc|+| ,
ccaseasu+| |+st+ ||e+| + +cue|dcs.
lcs |uac|ca+||cs de| lst+dc |ate||eaea ea |cs cca||ctcs cca
ccacetcs , ccacec|caes +|e,+dcs de |+ |e+||d+d , +dct+dcs de
ea|cues acde|acs , cca |e,u|c|cs |+c|st+s.
l+s c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s +dct+a |c|a+s , aec+a|sacs de
|es| a +,eacs + su cu|tu|+.
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s sca |esetucscs de |+s |e,es, c| |c ue
+ct+a tcd+s |+s |ast+ac|+s |e+|es. : |c +ct+d+s est+s |ast+ac|+s
+suaea aed|d+s de |es| a.
l+s +ct|tudes de |cs |uac|ca+||cs de| lst+dc, |+s +s|aet| +s de cde|
, e| |acua||a|eatc de |cs +cue|dcs cc+s|ca+a descca|+a:+ de
|+s c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s.
:e dece |ecue|+| , |e+|c||:+| |cs a tcdcs de |esc|uc| a de
cca||ctcs |ate|acs , e\te|acs ue +||c+a |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s.
:e dece |cace| e| |esetc , e| |eccacc|a|eatc de |cs a tcdcs
c|||a+||cs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs , d||uad|||cs ea |+ scc|ed+d
c||| , eat|e |+s +utc||d+des.
lcs eu|cs de aecc|+dc|es decea se| |ate|d|sc|||a+||cs, de
|c|a+ ue +c|tea ae,c| + |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs.
:e dece +c,+| , |c|t+|ece| |+s c++c|d+des de |cs uec|cs
|ad ea+s +|+ ea||eat+| ea ae,c|es ccad|c|caes |+s +ct||d+des
et|c|e|+s, a|ae|+s, |c|est+|es etc. ea sus te|||tc||cs.
:e dece |cace| e| |ate|c+ac|c de e\e||eac|+ scc|e |c|a+s de
|esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs eat|e uec|cs |ad ea+s, +|+ est+c|ece|
323 aNExO II
est|+te|+s cca,uat+s ue e|a|t+a ea||eat+| ea ae,c|es ccad|-
c|caes |cs |cc|ea+s cca +ctc|es e\te|acs.
- ccat|au+c| a dest+c+acs +|ua+s | ae+s de |aest|+c| a +|+ +cc|-
d+| |+ |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs:
kesc|uc| a de cca||ctcs , ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ ea uec|cs |ad e-
a+s. lstcs tea+s decea se| +cc|d+dcs ccas|de|+adc |+ d|e|s|d+d
ta|c+ de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s , |cs cccs estud|cs esec |ccs
scc|e e| tea+.
tca||ctcs c| e| usc, +ccesc, +|cec|+a|eatc de |cs |ecu|scs
a+tu|+|es. l+dc e| c+| cte| cc|ect|c de| te|||tc||c, se eae|+a
cca||ctcs deat|c , eat|e ccaua|d+des. -|uacs uec|cs |ad e-
a+s |+a ccaea:+dc + |e|e\|ca+| scc|e |+ ac|a+t||d+d.
l+ c|u,e| + , e| |c| de |c c|+a+aes. la c|e|tcs uec|cs sca |cs
||ac|+|es cca||ctcs ue, ea +|uacs c+scs, sue|+a e| a|e| cc-
aua+|. ls |ac|t+ate |ad++| a s scc|e sus a|tcs, ||tu+|es, s+a-
c|caes, |ac|deac|+ ea |+ |d+ ccaua+|.
la+ctc de |+ cc|ca|:+c| a , |+ a||+c| a ea |cs uec|cs |ad e-
a+s. l+dc ue |ccc+a cca||ctcs, esec|+|aeate de |d|d+ de
es+c|cs, es |ac|t+ate |ad++| sus c+us+s , e|ectcs, su |ac|deac|+
cu|tu|+|, c|+a|:+t|+ , scc|+|
tca||ctcs |ate|acs c| |+ eat+ de t|e||+. Qu ||e+ + |cs |ad e-
a+s, desu s de + cs de |uc|+ , ccau|st+ de de|ec|cs, + eade|
su t|e||+: Qu cca||ctcs |cduce |+ eat+ de t|e||+: t ac +|ect+
|+ |d+ ccaua+| e |ate|ccaua+|:
l\e||eac|+s de aecc|+c| a , ccace|t+c| a cca ea|es+s et|c-
|e|+s , a|ae|+s. :e dece |esc+t+| |+s e\e||eac|+s de |cs uec|cs
|ad ea+s, |cs a tcdcs ut|||:+dcs, |cs +scs, |cs |c|cs , |+s d||-
cu|t+des.
tca||ctcs c| |+ |uc|+ te|||tc||+|. t ac se |+ des+||c||+dc e|
|ccesc: tu | |+ s|dc |+ +ctu+c| a de |+s +utc||d+des , |+s c|+-
a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s: Qu a tcdcs de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs
se |+a ut|||:+dc:
l||us| a de e\e||eac|+s de |esc|uc| a de cca||ctcs ea uec|cs
|ad ea+s. ls |ac|t+ate ue |+s ccac:c+a |cs |e|eseat+ates de|
lst+dc , |+s c|+a|:+c|caes |ad ea+s +|+ ae,c|+| su +ctu+c| a
ea estcs c+scs.
Bibliograf a
-ltOOlth
:/- +ses +|+ ua+ susteat+c| a de de||a|t+c| a te|||tc||+|.
(lcadc ||st ||cc , s|tu+c| a +ctu+|,.
-k-t \, M|ue|, l\1lkl-:, M||a+
!+ Manejo de confictos socio-ambientales en torno a la
:.//:/4:4 4- -o)r-: )-/r|-r: -a O /a4 -a:.
a/ra../ a 4- .: 6:-4a./ l:.a/|:/ 6r:a4-.
t:-lkt 1tO \|ea+,e|.
-k-\ll-, M+|ce|c
!| -uates +|+ ua +a ||s|s de |+ s|tu+c| a de |+ teaeac|+ de
|+ t|e||+ ea e| t|+cc cc|||+ac. lcaeac|+. :+at+ t|u:.
-ktl, ldd,, tl1l kkl/, k+a||c, tl1l kkl/, l a, \lll/, k+a||c
!| //r:/-/: 4- |r-:/:/-a./: -a/r- | /:)/-/- 4-| 6r:a
|:.. l+ l+:: luad+c| a lll.
t-M-ktO, la||ue
!+ l| ccacetc de |c|esc ea |+ cu|tu|+ u+|+a . la: !
4 a4- ::o /rr- -a 4//-r-a/- .a|/ar:. l+ l+::
t1/last|tutc tcet|elll.
tl-ll:
!+ M+|cc ccacetu+| +|+ |+ |||+ac|+ scc|+| de |+ |adust||+
e\t|+ct|+.
326 Elba FlORES GONZlES
tl}l:
1)) |a//./: oaa//:r/: ` / 6a:r:a/- 4-| |:: (/r
:/a./: r4/||-r::a/: ra:;. l+ l+:: M|a|ste||c de }us-
t|c|+ , le|ec|cs hua+acs+acc Muad|+|.
!| Meac||+ cc|cu|c scc|e ,ust|c|+ ccaua|t+||+ ea uec|cs
|ad ea+s de |+s t|e||+s a+,+s 1+c+a+ Mc,e cla+c|+ac
t||u|t+ac. :+at+ t|u:.
tl}l:tltttll:-tltOltlk-OOl1-1lMl
tk-\ t-lllO ll :-\ lt\-tlO ll MO\O:
!| :|stea+ }u| d|cc lad ea+. l|+a st|cc ea ccaua|d+des
de |cs uec|cs t||u|t+ac, Mc,e cla+c|+ac , 1+c+a+.
tl}l:tlk-O
!+ /r||-o //.: /-rr//r/:| -a -| ha|// /a/. || (/- ///:
:.:a:::/a- ;. :e+|+t+ \ 1+ !r/ .a| /r/o-r.
ke|st+ de lec+te :cc|+| , }u| d|cc.
tlkl:ll-lO\ -
2000 Manual para el facilitador en la resoluci n de confictos.
tcc|+c+ac+.
tllO
!+ l| |c|t+|ec|a|eatc de |+s c++c|d+des de |cs uec|cs |a-
d ea+s +|+ ea||eat+| |+s +ct||d+des et|c|e|+s ea sus
te|||tc||cs. t+|t|||+ aetcdc| |c+ ed|t+d+ c| M||a+ la-
tu||+s , M|ue| -|+ a.
tlk-O1lMtl}l:
!+ 1|+:+adc |+s sead+s de auest|+ +utcaca + te|||tc||+|. \|-
s| a , |cuest+ de ||ae+a|eatcs est|+t |ccs de| 1lM ll.
luec|cs lse l,,+, 1+c+a+, t+|ae c.
llOkl:, l|c+, tl/M M, lsa+e|, l-/, \+|te|
2002 /| a/r| ./.a|/ar:| ; //-o: aro://: -a a
4- | r-.ar /r-/:|- -a | /-rr//r/ /a4 -a: 4-|
|-a/ h/- - |/a:o:. l+ l+:: lll.
327 aNExO II
llhM, /u|ea+, Mllt-k, 1+a|+, l-k-, l+atut+, \O:1-:, Me|cedes
2002 h:/r/oa/ |a/-r /a/. /-)r4a../ a 4- | ra)
/a/. ; r-|:./a- 4- a-r -a | ||:a 4- h/. l+
l+:: lll.
llhM, /u|ea+, 1O\:l\l, \ead,, :-l-:, huc, l-k-, l+atut+
2005 ||/:/: //r:/-/: ; 4-:/ -a |: -// a 4-| -rr//r/
|a4 -a: /r/a . :+at+ t|u:: tlllll\l l\tl-.
ll\1O :lllll, led|c
!+ l+ 1tO Mcate \e|de: l+ c+s+ |+ade de| uec|c t||-
u|t+ac. la: ! 4 a4- ::o /rr- -a 4//-r-a/-
.a|/ar:. l+ l+:: t1/last|tutc tcet|elll.
k-l-, -|||edc
!] :cc|e t|e||+ , te|||tc||c. lcaeac|+. :+at+ t|u:: tl}l:.
kOMlkO, t+||cs
!| l+ ke|c|a+ -|+||+ ea |+s t|e||+s c+,+s de c|||+. la:
ke|st+ !r/ .a| /r/o-r \ 1+, ke|c|a+ -|+||+ ] + cs.
:+at+ t|u:: tl}l:, ]|~].
kO:, }cs , tOM :, ls+ce||e, thl-ll, l|a,c, -kl-:, l+t||c|+,
:OkltO, M||t|+
!| / /a4 -a: |:/4:4 / a:ra .|/r/a:a ar|:
a ; )-r/ar|:a. :+at+ t|u:: lll.
:l-/\ -k, e|t|+
1))] ha/-r :;r-:. 1|+ducc| a +| +,c|ec de :us+a+ l|c+ae| .
:+at+ t|u:: -ltO.
lklO:1l, M|ue|, l-thltO, l|ec
2001 Las tierras bajas de Bolivia a fnes del siglo XX; tenencia,
a ; :..- : |: //-rr: ; | |a-. l+ l+:: lll.
2005 h-or/:. 1+||e| tcaua|d+d t+c|ue||t+, 1e|||tc||c t| -
ccccl+c+|u+|+, k|ce|+|t+, 1~1) de +cstc.
2005 h-or/:. 1+||e| tcaua|d+d \ue+ la| a 1e|||tc||c
lad ea+ t| ccccl+c+|u+|+. k|ce|+|t+,
1)! de set|eac|e.
2005 h-or/:. 1+||e| de \+||d+c| a cca |+s teat|+|es. \c|a+s
ea e| usc de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es. :+a }+|e|,
11) cctuc|e.
tcaua|d+d lad ea+ e||+ ||s+ 1e|||tc||c |ad ea+ Mu|t| ta|cc
1))~ //:/a/ r a/..
tcaua|d+d :+a lc|ea:c 1tO lcae| c
!| //:/a/ r a/..
1tO lcae| c
!| /-|:o-a/ /a/-ra 4- |: .oaa/4:4 /a4 -a: /aa/
r// /-;.
2002 oaa/4:4 /a4 -a: h:|:a:/- (O ha/- \-r4-;.
documentos
Entrevistas
Trinidad
\ll- MO\1- O, he|a a (:cc| |cc tl}l:,
+ de cctuc|e de !]. (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| :|||+ \+c+,
l-klt-\O kOM \, :||||e, (l|es|deat+ de |+ teat|+| de Mu,e|es
lad ea+s de| ea| tMl, uec|c ac,e ct||a|t+||c,
| de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| :|||+ \+c+,
}l:1l\l-\O tl}l\, keace|tc (l|es|deate de |+ teat|+| de luec|cs
lad ea+s de| ea|, uec|c |ad ea+ ac|a+,
| de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| :|||+ \+c+,
Mllt-k, 1+a|+ (h|stc||+dc|+, scc| |c+ tllll\l,
| de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| :|||+ \+c+,
ll - tl-}l, M|ue| (:ec|et+||c de 1|e||+ , 1e|||tc||c tlllM,
e de cctuc|e de !] ( lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| :|||+ \+c+,.
Santa cruz
-k-M-\O t--lllkO, }+|e| (-cc+dc tl}l: :+at+ t|u:,
| de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| l|c+ l|c|es,
lO:-ll\, M+aue| (l|es|deate de |+ tcc|d|a+dc|+ de luec|cs ta|-
ccs de :+at+ t|u:, uec|c +,c|ec,
!) de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| kc\+a+
O|e||+a+,
330 Elba FlORES GONZlES
ll- ll-/- tO11llk, l+t||c|+ (tcasu|tc|+ |adeead|eate,
!) de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| l|c+ l|c|es,
\ l/, lu|c|c (laea|e|c +| acac tllt-,
+ de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| l|c+ l|c|es,
:ll-\-l, -a+c|etc (:ec|et+||c de 1|e||+ , 1e|||tc||c tll:,
] de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| kc\+a+ O|e||+a+,
\-t-, \||sca (1tO +,c l+|+ +,
| de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| kc\+a+ O|e||+a+,
/Oll//l t|+c|e|+ (-at|c |c+, ccasu|tc|+ |adeead|eate,
| de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| l|c+ l|c|es,
Riberalta
-Ml1-kl thlQll, kue|tc (:ec|et+||c de 1|e||+ , 1e|||tc||c ,
kecu|scs \+tu|+|es tlk-O,
! de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| /u|a+ :ctc,
ll-\Qll, sc+| (l||ectc| de| last|tutc de laest|+c| a lkOM-,
!) de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| /u|a+ :ctc,
Cobija
kO}-:, -|ce|tc }u||c (la|e|s|d+d -a+: a|c+ de l+adc,
1 de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| les|, le +|||et+,
kl\l:, }u+a le|a+adc (l||ectc| de hlkl\tl-,
| de cctuc|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| les|, le +|||et+,
1OkO kOlk tll/, M+aue| (:ec|et+||c de 1|e||+ , 1e|||tc||c
tllO-l,
11 de set|eac|e de !] (lat|e|st+ |e+||:+d+ c| les|,
le +|||et+,
Vincent nicolas
\+c| ea |use|+s, ||c+, |es|de ea c|||+. ls ||ceac|+dc ea l||csc-
| + , -at|cc|c +. -ctu+|aeate es dcceate ea |+ c+||e|+ de lduc+-
c| a late|cu|tu|+| |||a e de |+ la|e|s|d+d -ut aca+ 1ca s l| +s
, dcceate |a|t+dc de |+ la|e|s|d+d +|+ |+ laest|+c| a lst|+t |c+
ea c|||+ (llll,. ls |aest|+dc| ea e| c+ac de |+ ||stc||+ c|+| ,
|+ ||stc||c|+| + |ad ea+. h+ uc||c+dc, eat|e ct|cs ||c|cs, / :;||a
4- /a|/):;: //a4/ -/a|// r/. 4- a r:a/::./ a ./:| ; /-
rr//r/:| (!!,.
Marcelo Fern ndez
late|ectu+| +,a+|+. :cc| |cc (la|e|s|d+d M+,c| de :+a -ad| s,,
+at|c |cc (l+cu|t+d l+t|ac+ae||c+a+ de t|eac|+s :cc|+|es, l|c|+-
a+ Qu|tclcu+dc|,, +ctu+|aeate c+ad|d+tc l|.l., kca+ace :tud|es,
lu|e la|e|s|t,. -utc| de |cs ||c|cs: /: /-; 4-| !;||a (!1/!+,,
///r/: ; h-or/: 4- |: |:\.: (!,, , ua+ se||e de +|t cu-
|cs uc||c+dcs ea |e|st+s a+c|ca+|es e |ate|a+c|ca+|es scc|e ccacc|-
a|eatc |ad ea+, ,ust|c|+ |ad ea+ , ac|a|eatcs scc|+|es , c| t|ccs
ea |cs -ades. l|c|esc| de |+ la|e|s|d+d M+,c| de :+a -ad| s , de|
l|c|+a+ lu|e |a t|e -ades, l+ l+:c|||+.
Sobre los autores
332 Elba FlORES GONZlES
Elba Flores
lstud| 1|+c+,c :cc|+| ea |+ l+cu|t+d de t|eac|+s :cc|+|es de |+ lM:-.
tu|s+ ua+ a+est| + de laest|+c| a ea t|eac|+s :cc|+|es +|+ e| le-
s+||c||c, ea |+ la|e|s|d+d +|+ |+ laest|+c| a lst|+t |c+ ea c|||+.
ls +utc|+, eat|e ct|cs te\tcs, de a/r| ./.a|/ar:| ; //-o: ar
o://: -a -| a 4- | r-.ar /r-/:|- -a | /-rr//r/ /a4 -
a: 4-| |-a/ (!!,. -ctu+|aeate se deseaue|e ccac |aest|+dc|+
de| teat|c de lstud|cs }u| d|ccs e laest|+c| a :cc|+| (tl}l:,.
Fundacin UNIR Bolivia