) (

) lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0
x x0

f x 0

) f lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 x 0
x x0
>
) f lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 x 0
x x0
<
f f x 0 x 0

f [ ]a, b f []a, b
f ] [a,b f []a, b

a b
:
f g I k
kf , f g , f + g I

f 1
g I
g g

x a x +

f I g Jf ( I ) J :
g 0f : I

: f I
) f ( I

] [a,b
[[a,b
] ]a,b
[]a,b
[[a,+
[]a, +
]]-,a
[]-,a

) f ( I
f I
f I
f ( b ) ;f ( a )
f ( a ) ;f ( b )

lim- f ( x ) ;f ( a )
f ( a ) ; lim - f ( x )
x b
x b

f ( b ) ; lim+ f ( x )
lim+ f ( x ) ;f ( b )
x a

x a

lim
f
x
;
lim
f
x
lim
f
x
;
lim
f
x
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)

x a +
x b x b
x a +

lim f ( x ) ;f ( a )
f ( a ) ; lim f ( x )
x +

x +

lim f ( x ) ; lim+ f ( x ) lim+ f ( x ) ; lim f ( x )

x +
x a
x +
x a

lim
f
x
;f
a
f
a
;
lim
f
x
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
x -

x -

lim- f ( x ) ; lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) ; lim- f ( x )

x -
x a
x a
x -

lim f ( x ) ; lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) ; lim f ( x )

x +
x -
x -
x +

:
f ] [ a,b b ) f ( a ) f ( b
a ] [ a,bf ( a ) = b :
:

f ] [ a,b f ( a ) f ( b ) < 0

f ( x ) = 0 a ][a,b
f ] [ a,b f ( a ) f ( b ) < 0
f ( x ) = 0 a ][a,b
:
f ] [ a,bf ( a ) f ( b ) < 0 :
a f ( x ) = 0 ][a,b
a + b
a + b
:
:
f (a ) f
< 0
< 0
2
2
b-a
a+b
b-a
a+b

< a < a
:
< a < b :
2
2
2
2
a + b
a + b
2 ; b
a; 2
a
a
: a
f (b ) f