Maria Bernyi

Romni n Buda i n Pesta Romanians in Buda and Pest Romnok Budn s Pesten

Povetile caselor Tales of houses Mesl hzak

Publicaie a Societii Culturale a Romnilor din Budapesta i a Institutului de Cercetri al Romnilor din Ungaria Published by the Cultural Society of Romanians in Budapest and by the Research Institute of Romanians in Hungary
Kiadja a Budapesti Romnok Kulturlis Trsasga s a Magyarorszgi Romnok Kutatintzete

Sub naltul patronaj al Excelenei sale Ireny Comaroschi, Ambasador Extraordinar i Plenipoteniar al Romniei n Republica Ungar Under the high patronage of Her Excellency, Ireny Comaroschi, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to the Republic of Hungary Fvdnk: excellencija Ireny Comaroschi, Romnia Rendkvli s Meghatalmazott Magyarorszgi Nagykvete

Redactor / Editor / Szerkeszt: Emilia Martin Lector / Reader / Lektor: Mihaela Bucin, Tiberiu Herdean Traducere / Translation / Fordts: Vajna Tnde (romn / Romanian / romn), Ana Scarlat (maghiar/ Hungarian / magyar), Bucin Barna, Vlad Marinescu (englez / English / angol) Fotografii / Pictures / Fotk: Emilia Martin, Maria Bernyi, Szl Zsolt Coperta / Cover / Bort: Emlia Nagy

Editor responsabil / Responsible of edition / Felels kiad: Maria Bernyi Maria Bernyi Tehnoredactare / Editing / Nyomdai elkszts: Kovcs Sndor Tiparul / Print and Bookbinding / Nyoms, kts: Drer Nyomda Kft., Gyula
ISBN: 978-963-08-1267-2

Maria Bernyi

Povetile caselor
Romni n Buda i n Pesta

Tales of houses
Romanians in Buda and Pest

Mesl hzak
Romnok Budn s Pesten

Budapesta Budapest, 2011

3

Cuvnt nainte de poveste

Vieile noastre trectoare dobndesc trinicia idealurilor i a aciunilor noastre care le mplinesc. Astfel, ne prelungim vieuirea, ne proiectm peste timp visele, eforturile, ateptrile, n parte realizate, n parte transmise motenire generaiilor viitoare. La temelia neamurilor stau oamenii. Un neam se ncheag din vieile efervescente trecute, prezente i viitoare, aflate ntr-o convieuire subtil i sublim, ale celor care i asum nceputurile, greutile parcursului, euforia mplinirilor i inefabilul idealurilor. Un neam, ca i un om, depete derularea cronologic, nu se msoar n timp, i nici mcar n spaiu, ci n infinitezimale transformri i relaionri care l structureaz i l definesc. Un neam devine mai puternic i mai bogat la rscrucile interferenelor cu alte neamuri, pe care istoria i le hrzete. Un neam puternic nva generozitatea i convieuirea cu alii, mulumind destinului i recunoscndu-le celor cu care interfer contribuia acestora la propria devenire. Sunt fericit s constat faptul c neamul romnesc a avut de-a lungul istoriei sale prilejuri nenumrate, chiar dac de foarte multe ori dramatice, de a se raporta la culturi, civilizaii, forme de organizare statale i sociale diferite de ale sale, dar, n egal msur, nelepciunea de a le prelucra, asimila i integra, evolund i ntregindu-i astfel caracterul i proiectele n conformitate cu propriile trsturi i interese.

Foreword
A nations foundation is its people their ideals and actions, their dreams and expectations, whether achieved during a lifetime or passed along to future generations. People make their nation. A nation is born through those who assume responsibility from the beginning; they live through the inevitable hardships, enjoy the euphoria of their accomplishments, and never let go of their enduring ideals. A nation, as does the individual, defines itself beyond time and space, by the infinitesimal transformations and connections that structure and shape it. A nation becomes stronger and richer because of its interactions with others; it learns about generosity and coexistence, and recognizes that it is those interactions that contributed to its ability to become what it is today. Throughout its turbulent history, Romania has had the opportunity often through dramatic events to be influenced by other cultures, civilizations, and forms of statehood, and I am proud that Romanians time and again welcomed change, adapting and integrating, ultimately developing their own unique culture, one reflective of new influences yet consistent with their heritage. Traditionally, Romanians have valued the Hungarian capital as a significant intellectual and cultural center. Romanians living in Hungary, or coming to Hungary from Romania or the Balkan Peninsula, all benefited from the advancements and opportunities offered by Buda and Pest as a result of their

Elsz a meshez
Mland letnk elnyeri eszmnykpeink s tetteink szilrdsgt, maradandsgt miltal beteljesl. Ltezsnk gy folytatdhat. lmaink tugorjk az idt, fradozsaink, elvrsaink, rszben teljestve, rszben rksgknt tadva a jvend generciknak. A nemzetek alapjt az emberek kpezik. Minden nemzet az elmlt, a jelenkori s jvbeli pezsg letekbl ll ssze, mint egy kifinomult, sszetett s magasztos egyttlse mindazon embereknek, akik felvllaljk a kezdeteket, a folyamat nehzsgeit, a beteljeslsek eufrijt s ideljaik kimondhatatlansgt. Egy nemzet, akr egy ember, tllp a kronolgin. Nem lehet sem idben, sem trben lemrni, csak a vgtelenl apr vltozsokban s kapcsolatokban, amelyek felptik s meghatrozzk. Egy nemzet ersebb s gazdagabb vlik ms, a trtnelem ltal neki rendelt nemzetekkel val klcsnhatsok kereszttjn. Egy ers nemzet megtanulja a msok irnti nagylelksg s msokkal val egyttls mvszett, megkszni sorsnak, s elismeri mindazok hozzjrulst nnn ltezsnek fejldshez, akiknek klcsnhatsban rszeslt, rszesl. rmmel llapthatom meg, hogy a romn nemzetnek trtnelme sorn szmtalan alkalma volt mg ha ezek sokszor drmai korszakok is voltak sajtjtl klnbz kultrkhoz, civilizcikhoz, llami s trsadalmi berendezkedsekhez vonatkoztatnia nmagt. Blcsen feldolgozta, magv tette

Tradiional, romnii s-au raportat la capitala ungar ca la un centru cultural intelectual de prim rang. Acetia, fie c era vorba despre romnii tritori n Ungaria, cei venii din Peninsula Balcanic sau din Romnia, au beneficiat de progresele i posibilitile pe care le ofereau Buda i Pesta pentru creterea lor cultural, tiinific, economic, social, religioas. Ei au constituit o comunitate puternic, strns n jurul Bisericii Ortodoxe, cu un rang social recunoscut i integrat organic timpului su i societii multiculturale, multiconfesionale, multietnice i cosmopolite caracteristice Ungariei i capitalei sale. Disponibilitatea lor pentru comunicare i aculturaie, respectul pentru societatea ungar n ansamblul su, implicarea lor civic semnificativ au fcut ca muli dintre acetia s devin reprezentani de seam ai comunitii budapestane, iubii, respectai, ascultai i comemorai peste timp. Albumul monografic de fa este un omagiu dedicat convieuirii culturilor i aduce n atenie pe romnii care au trit sau au trecut prin Budapesta. Acetia au ridicat ctitorii culturale, spirituale i arhitecturale care nfrumuseeaz i mbogesc patrimoniul acestui ora. n egal masur, ei au contribuit la transmiterea ctre Romnia a unor elemente de progres tiinific i social, acumulate ntr-o capital european emancipat, deschis, aflat mai la vest, deci mai aproape de alte centre recunoscute ca modele de cultur, civilizaie i progres ale continentului, fa de care romnii, oriunde s-au aflat, au tnjit i s-au strduit s le cunoasc i s le asimileze. Trecnd dincolo de splendoarea exterioar i ptrunznd prin zidurile frumoaselor cldiri care stau i azi mrturie, albumul spicuiete doar cteva dintre povetile acestor romni i descrie momente semcultural, scientific, economic, social and religious progress. They built a strong community around the Orthodox Church, which, held in high esteem, was organically integrated into Hungary and its capitals multicultural, multi-denomination, multiethnic, and cosmopolitan society. The Romanians openness to communication and acculturation, their respect for the Hungarian society and its people, and their remarkable civic involvement turned many of them into important representatives of the Budapest culture, people who were, respected, beloved, admired and revered over time. This monographic album is a tribute to the coexistence of these cultures and features Romanians who have lived in or passed through Budapest. Over time, they created cultural, spiritual, and architectural foundations that enriched the patrimony of this great city, while bringing to Romania the scientific and social progress that characterized this emancipated, open, European capital, similar to other famous European centers as cultural models of civilization and progress, which Romanians, wherever they were, had dreamed of and had tried to know and absorb. Beyond the exterior splendor of the stunning buildings that stand as proof till today, the album presents merely a few stories of these Romanians and talks about special moments in their lives, showing, once again, the identity in interests and endeavors of all those who have lived here, in this stimulating cultural diversity. Their example inspired us and will continue to inspire new generations today, who

s integrlta e hatsokat, fejldtt ltaluk, kiegsztvn jellemt s terveit sajt vonsainak s rdekeinek megfelelen. E hagyomnyok szellemben a romnok elsrang kulturlis szellemi kzpontknt tekintettek a magyar fvrosra. Akr Magyarorszgon szlettek, akr a Balknrl menekltek vagy Romnibl rkeztek, haszonlvezi voltak mindannak a haladsnak s lehetsgnek, amelyet kulturlis, tudomnyos, gazdasgi, trsadalmi, vallsi fejldsk s gyarapodsuk rdekben Buda s Pest felknlt szmukra. Ers kzssget alkottak, szorosan az Ortodox Egyhz kr tmrlve, elismert trsadalmi ranggal s szervesen beplve a korba s annak multikulturlis, tbb felekezet s etnikum, Magyarorszgra s fvrosra jellemz kozmopolita trsadalmba. A prbeszd s akkulturci irnti nyitottsguk, tiszteletk a magyar trsadalom egsze irnt, jelents trsadalmi szerepvllalsuk tette lehetv, hogy sokan kzlk fontos szemlyisgei legyenek a budapesti kzssgnek. A budapesti kzlet fontos, szeretett, tisztelt, meghallgatott s az idkn tnyl emlkezetben rztt kpviseliv vltak. A jelen album a kultrk kzti egyttlsnek llt emlket, azokat a romnokat ajnlva az Olvas figyelmbe, akik Budapesten ltek vagy csak tutazban jrtak itt. Szmos alapt egynisget tallunk kzttk, kulturlis, szellemi, ptszeti ltestmnyeik szptik, gazdagtjk e vros rksgt. Mindannyian hozzjrultak az eurpaibb, emancipltabb, nyitottabb, nyugatiasabb, s ez ltal ms, a kontinens kulturlis, civilizcis s progresszv modellknt elismert kzpontjaihoz kzelebbi fvrosban

nificative din viaa lor, demonstrnd, nc o dat, identitatea de interese i de eforturi a tuturor celor care au trit aici n diversitate cultural autentic i stimulatoare. Exemplul lor ne-a inspirat i va continua s ne inspire pe noi, cei de azi, pentru care traiul n diversitate i libertatea de expresie a identitii trebuie s reprezinte singura i naturala opiune a spaiului comun european. Adresez gratitudinea mea romnilor din Republica Ungar pentru delicata, dar ferma exprimare a identitii lor culturale, etnice, lingvistice i religioase, n calitate de ceteni demni, loiali i apreciai ai rii lor, constituind astfel o punte de legtur statornic ntre Romnia i Republica Ungar. Salut activitatea deosebit a Institutului de Cercetri al Romnilor din Ungaria, a Societii Culturale a Romnilor din Budapesta, felicitndu-le n mod special pe doamna Maria Bernyi, Director al Institutului de Cercetri al Romnilor din Ungaria i pe doamna Emilia Martin, Director al Muzeului Ferenc Erkel din Giula, pentru devotamentul i contribuia determinant la cunoaterea istoriografiei romnilor din Ungaria, n rndurile comunitii, n Romnia i n relaia cu concetenii lor. Le adresez mulumiri speciale pentru eforturile foarte mari depuse prin implicarea personal la scrierea i editarea acestui album monografic, fr de care lucrarea de fa nu ar fi existat. Transmit admiraia i recunotina mea dasclilor care se ocup de educaia n limba romn la toate nivelurile la care activeaz i i invit s continue s fac educaie n limba romn, despre limba, cultura i civilizaia romneasc tuturor romnilor care triesc aici. Aduc un cuvnt cald de mulumire doamnei Mihaela Bucin, efa Catedrei de Limba Romn din cadrul Universitii din Seghedin, care are living in diversity and freedom of expression, both of which can be the only natural status quo for our common European space. I would like to address my gratitude to the Romanians living in Hungary for their gentle but firm expression of their cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious identity, in the role of loyal citizens of their country. It is they who constitute the unyielding connection between Romania and the Republic of Hungary. I applaud the considerable activity of the Research Institute of Romanians in Hungary, that of the Cultural Society of Romanians in Budapest, and I would like to specially congratulate Mrs. Maria Bernyi, Director of the Research Institute of Romanians in Hungary and Mrs. Emilia Martin, Director of the Museum Ferenc Erkel in Gyula, for their devotion and significant contribution to showing the historiography of Romanians from Hungary among their community, in Romania and in relation to their co-citizens. I would like to recognize them for their tremendous efforts undertaken through their personal involvement in writing and editing this monographic album, without which this album would not have come to fruition. My admiration and gratitude goes to all educators, at all levels, teaching subjects in Romanian and I encourage them to continue to educate all Romanians living in Hungary about the Romanian language, culture, and society. A warm thank you goes to Mrs. Mihaela Bucin, Head of the Romanian Language

felhalmozd tudomnyos s trsadalmi fejlds elemeinek amely elemek irnt a romnok, akrhol is legyenek, svrogtak, s amelyeket megismerni s elsajttani trekedtek tovbbtshoz Romnia fel. Az impozns pletek pomps klssgein tlhaladva, s belpve mig a mltrl tanskod falaik kz, az album nhny mest vlogat e romnok vallomsaibl, ismertetve letk fontosabb momentumait bizonytvn ismt azon rdekek azonossgt s mindazok erfesztst, akik megltk itt ezt a vals, autentikus s sztnz kulturlis soksznsget. Pldjuk ihletett s ihletni fog bennnket, mai embereket, akiknek lte az identits kifejezsnek szabadsgban s soksznsgben az egyetlen s termszetes vlasztst kell, hogy kpviselje a kzs eurpai trsgben. Elismersemet fejezem ki a Magyar Kztrsasgban l romnok, kulturlis, etnikai, nyelvi s vallsi identitsuk finom, de hatrozott kifejezse irnt, melyet hazjuk mlt, lojlis, rtkelt llampolgri minsgben tesznek, szilrd hidat kpezvn Romnia s a Magyar Kztrsasg kztt. Kszntm a Magyarorszgi Romnok Kutatintzetnek, a Budapesti Romnok Kulturlis Trsasgnak kivl munkssgt, kiemelvn itt fleg Bernyi Mrit, az Intzet igazgatjt s Martyin Emlit, a gyulai Erkel Ferenc Mzeum igazgatjt. Ksznm odaadsukat s meghatroz hozzjrulsukat a magyarorszgi romn trtnetrshoz, ennek megismertetshez a kzssg soraiban, Romniban s honfitrsaik kztt. Kln ksznm szemlyes hozzjrulsukat, komoly erfesztsket az album megrshoz s megjelentetshez. Nlklk ez a kiadvny nem ltezne.

a efectuat traducerea literar n limba romn a textului acestui album. Adresez recunotina mea distinsului profesor Gheorghe Petruan pentru carierea prestigioas de ef al Catedrei de Limba Romn din cadrul Universitii din Seghedin, dar mai ales pentru menirea pe care i-a asumat-o de peste 40 de ani, i anume aceea de mentor al intelectualitii romneti din Ungaria, pe care a format-o i pe care o cluzete n continuare. Cunoaterea are nevoie de comunicare, de aceea am bucuria s mulumesc partenerilor notri media, i anume domnului Tiberiu Boca, Redactorul ef al emisiunii Ecranul Nostru, magazinul cultural n limba romn a Televiziunii Publice Maghiare, doamnei Eva Iova, Directorul Revistei Foaia Romneasc, sptmnal al romnilor din Ungaria i doamnei Iulia Kaupert, Redactorul ef al emisiunii n limba romn O voce romneasc a Radiodifuziunii Maghiare. Dincolo de filele acestui album, ei vor vorbi mereu despre aceast motenire preioas a caselor povestitoare din Budapesta. Adresez recunotina mea Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne din Ungaria pentru statornicia sprijinului i ndrumrii sale. Mulumesc i pe aceast cale autoritilor maghiare pentru sprijinul acordat publicrii acestui album. Un cuvnt de apreciere se ndreapt ctre sponsorii i binefctorii care au susinut acest album, care i-au exprimat i n acest fel opiunea pentru diversitatea cultural i o convieuire mbogit. Nu n ultimul rnd, sunt onorat s transmit admiraia mea locuitorilor frumosului ora Budapesta, capitala Republicii Ungare, oamenilor minunai pe care i-am ntlnit n drumurile mele cotidiene i section at the Szeged University, who was responsible for the translation of the text in this album into Romanian. I would also like to convey my admiration to the distinguished professor Gheorghe Petruan for his outstanding career as the Head of the Romanian Language department at the Szeged University. For the past 40 years, he has mentored and guided Romanian intellectuals living in Hungary. Knowledge needs communication, which is why I have the pleasure of thanking our media partners, Mr. Tiberiu Boca, Chief Editor of the Ecranul nostru show, a cultural show in Romanian airing on the Public Hungarian Television, Mrs. Eva Iova, Director of Foaia Romneasc, weekly magazine of Romanians in Hungary and Mrs. Iulia Kaupert, Chief Editor of O Voce romneasc, a radio show in Romanian on the Hungarian Radio. Beyond the pages of this album, they will continue to dedicate their work to talking about this precious heritage of the story-telling houses in Budapest. I extend my special thank you to the Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary for their enduring support and advice. I take the opportunity to once again thank the Hungarian authorities for the support given in publishing this album. A word of deep appreciation goes to the sponsors and benefactors of this album, who expressed also in this way their allegiance to cultural diversity and enriched coexistence. Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere respect and thank you, to the wonderful people

Kifejezem csodlatom s elismersem azon tanrok irnt, akik az oktats minden szintjn romn nyelvi nevelsben rszestik a dikokat, s krem ket, hogy nevel munkjukat folytatva minden itt l romnnak adjk t a romn nyelvtudst, kultrt s a romn civilizcit. Hls ksznetem fejezem ki Bucin Mihaelnak, a Szegedi Tudomnyegyetem Romn Tanszke vezetjnek, aki az album szvegnek irodalmi romn fordtja volt. Petrusn Gyrgy tanr rnak szeretnm kifejezni elismersemet, hlmat a Szegedi Tudomnyegyetem Romn Tanszkn kifejtett nagyszer munkjrt, s klnsen a tbb mint 40 esztend alatt a magyarorszgi romn rtelmisg mentoraknt, alaktjaknt s irnytjaknt tanstott elhivatottsgrt. Az ismeret ignyli a kzlst, ezrt rmmel ksznm meg mdia-partnereink, nevezetesen Boka Tibor, a Magyar Televzi romn nyelv kulturlis magazinja, az Ecranul Nostru fszerkesztjnek, tovbb Jova va, a Foaia Romneasc magyarorszgi romn hetilap igazgatjnak s Kaupert Jlia, a Voce Romneasc romn nyelv rdiads fszerkesztjnek munkjt. Az album lapjain tl k sokszor fogjk bemutatni a budapesti mesl hzak becses rksgt. Elismersemet szeretnm kifejezni a Magyarorszgi Romn Ortodox Egyhznak llhatatos tmogatsrt s irnytsrt. Ezton szeretnm megksznni a magyar kormnyzati szerveknek az album megjelentetshez adott tmogatst.

celor pe care i-am cunoscut personal n activitatea desfurat, pentru amabilitatea i afeciunea pe care mi le-au artat mie i culturii romne. i felicit pentru capacitatea i talentul cu care au ridicat acest ora care se bucur de aprecierea tuturor vizitatorilor, pentru ospitalitatea locuitorilor i pentru splendoarea construciilor, mreie la care au contribuit, din loc n loc, i romnii tritori aici. Doresc s le mulumesc locuitorilor Budapestei pentru deschiderea, bucuria i interesul cu care au primit i n trecut i primesc i n prezent cultura romneasc. Budapesta, 11 iulie 2011 Ambasador Ireny Comaroschi Ambasador Extraordinar i Plenipoteniar al Romniei n Republica Ungar ntre anii 20052011

of the beautiful city of Budapest, whom I had the honor of meeting through my professional activity and my personal encounters. Thank you for your kindness and the affection you have shown me and the Romanian culture and people. I congratulate you for your ability and talent with which you have built this world renowned city, your hospitality and the splendor of the architecture, to which also Romanians calling this city their home have contributed. I would like to thank you, the people of Budapest, for your openness, joyfulness and interest with which you welcomed the Romanian culture and people in the past and today. Budapest, 11 July, 2011 Ambassador Ireny Comaroschi Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to the Republic of Hungary, 20052011

Mly ksznet illeti az album szponzorait s tmogatit is. Tmogatsukkal egyttal kifejeztk elktelezettsgket a kulturlis sokflesg s az ltala gazdagtott egyttls irnyban. Nem utols sorban, megtisztel szmomra, hogy kifejezhetem csodlatomat e szpsges vros, Budapest, Magyarorszg fvrosa lakosainak, azon nagyszer embereknek, akikkel htkznapi tjaimon tallkoztam, s akiket munkm folyamn szemlyesen megismerhettem. Ksznm mindazt a kedvessget s gyngdsget, melyet irntam s a romn kultra irnt mutattak. Gratullok nekik ahhoz a hozzrtshez s tehetsghez, melynek segtsgvel felptettk ezt a vrost, amely minden ltogatja csodlatt kivvja, gratullok lakosai vendgszeretethez s az pletek pompzatossghoz, nagyszersghez, melyhez helyenknt hozzjrultak az itt l romnok is. Ksznetemet szeretnm kifejezni Budapest lakinak nyitottsgukrt, rmkrt s rdekldskrt, amellyel a mltban s a jelenben is fogadtk s fogadjk a romn kultrt. Budapest, 2011. jlius 11. Ireny Comaroschi Nagykvet Romnia Rendkvli s Meghatalmazott Magyarorszgi Nagykvete 20052011 kztt

Macedoromni i romni la Buda i la Pesta n secolele al 18-lea i al 19-lea

Nu e exagerat afirmaia conform creia, din punct de vedere etnic, Ungaria istoric a fost statul cel mai pestri din Europa. Diversitatea etnic reprezenta o caracteristic i pentru cele dou orae gemene de pe cele dou maluri ale Dunrii, Pesta i Buda. Acest caracter multietnic persist constant i dup constituirea capitalei Ungariei, prin unificarea acestora. Alturi de unguri, i-au constituit aici comuniti cultural-religioase germanii, srbii, slovacii, grecii i romnii. Grecii i comercianii macedoromni de cultur greceasc au venit n numr mare n Ungaria n secolul al 18-lea, cei mai muli din Moscopole (azi, Voskopoje, n sudul Albaniei), din Kozani, din Bitolia. Membrii familiilor Grabovschi, Derra, Naco, Arghir, Manno, Lica aduceau cu lepurile la Pesta cereale din regiunile sudice ale Europei, dar fceau comer i cu piei, pnzeturi, argint i tot felul de alte mrfuri i articole de bazar. La Pesta, pe atunci, vlahii macedoneni (inari) erau denumii cu etnonimul de greci, deoarece greaca reprezenta pentru ei limba de afaceri. n familie, ns, foloseau aromna (limba matern a macedoromnilor), prin acest lucru ei nsii se delimitau de greci. Centrul economic i comercial al acestei comuniti era Pesta. n secolele al 18-lea i al 19-lea, la Buda i Pesta viaa romneasc cultural, artistic, eclesiastic era deosebit de intens. n capitala ungar, romnii i alte minoriti au editat ziare literare i culturale, au fondat asociaii, societi literare, au sprijinit trupe de actori amatori.

Macedo-Romanians and Romanians in Buda and Pest in the 18th and 19th Centuries
It is not an exaggerated affirmation, that from an ethnic point of view, historical Hungary was Europes most spotted state. Ethnical diversity represents a characteristic of the two twin cities on the banks of the Danube, Buda and Pest, a phenomenon that is constantly persisting even after the establishment of the Hungarian Capital, through the unification of the two. Next to Hungarians, the Germans, Serbians, Slovakians, Greek and Romanians also established here cultural-religious communities. Greek and Macedo-Romanian merchants from a Greek culture came to Hungary in large groups in the 18th century, most of them coming from Moscopole (today Voskopoje, in the south of Albania), from Kozani and from Bitolia. Members of the Grabovschi, Derra, Naco, Arghir, Manno, and Lica families would bring with them barges of grain from the southern region of Europe to Pest. They also made commerce with leather, linen drapery, silver and all other types of bazaar merchandise and goods. In Pest, around that time, Macedonian Vlachs (also called tzantzari (mosquitoes) is what they were called with the Greek ethnonym, because Greek represented for them the business language. However in the family, they used Aromanian (the native language of Macedo-Romanians) and through this action they delimited themselves from the Greek people. The economic and commercial center of this community was Pest. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Romanian cultural, artistic and ecclesiastical life was very interesting. In the

Macedoromnok, romnok Budn s Pesten a 1819. szzadban

A trtnelmi Magyarorszg etnikai szempontbl Eurpa legtarkbb npessg orszga volt. Ez a soksznsg a Duna parti ikervrosokat, Pestet s Budt, majd a fvross egyeslt Pest-Budt, illetve Budapestet is egyarnt jellemezte. A magyarok mellett kulturlis-vallsi kzssget alkottak itt a nmetek, a szerbek, a szlovkok, a grgk, valamint a romnok is. A grg s grg mveltsg macedoromn kereskedk a 18. szzadban rkeztek nagy szmban Magyarorszgra, a legtbben Moschopolisbl (ma: Voskopoje, Dl-Albnia), Koznibl, Bitolibl. A Grabovszkyak, a Derrk, a Nkk, az Argirik, a Mannk, a Lykk szlltottk uszlyaikkal Pestre a dlvidki gabont, de kereskedtek brrel, vszonnal, ezsttel, arannyal s mindenfle egyb holmival, bazrruval. Az akkori Pesten a macedniai vlahokat (cincrokat) is grgknek mondtk, mivel grg nyelven folytattk zleteiket. Csaldi krben azonban az aromn nyelvet (a macedoromnok nyelvt) hasznltk, gy klnbztettk meg magukat a grgktl. E npessg gazdasgi s szellemi kzpontja Pesten volt. A 1819. szzadban igen gazdag romn irodalmi, egyhzi s kulturlis let folyt Pest-Budn. A magyar fvrosban a romnok s ms kisebbsgek irodalmi s kulturlis lapokat alaptottak, kulturlis egyesleteket, olvas s sznjtsz krket hoztak ltre.

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1. Alt-Sandmann: Biserica ortodox greacromn, 1853 Alt-Sandmann: The Greek Romanian Orthodox church, 1853 Alt-Sandmann: A Nemeg yeslt grg eg yhz,1853 2. Moscopole, Biserica Sfntul Nicolae, construit n 1721 Moscopole, Saint Nicholas church, built in 1721 Moschopolis, az 1721-ben plt Szent Mikls-templom 3. Moscopole, Interiorul Bisericii Sfntul Nicolae, construit n 1721 Moscopole, Interior of the Saint Nicholas church, built in 1721 Moschopolis, Szent Mikls templom bels tere 4. Panorama oraelor Pesta-Buda de pe Muntele Gellrt, 1817 Panoramic view of Pest-Buda from Gellrt mountain, 1817 Pest-Buda ltkpe a Gellrtheg yrl, 1817 5. Franz Xaver Sandmann: Panorama oraelor Pesta-Buda de pe Muntele Gellrt, 1853 Franz Xaver Sandmann: Panoramic view of Pest-Buda from Gellrt mountain, 1853 Franz Xaver Sandmann: Pest-Buda ltkpe a Gellrtheg yrl, 1853

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De la sfritul secolului al 17-lea ncoace, Budapesta a fost treptat reconstruit. Primria de astzi i majoritatea bisericilor n stil baroc dateaz din aceast epoc i tot atunci a fost renovat i Palatul Regal din Cetate. Buda a devenit centrul administrativ iar Pesta centrul industrial i comercial. n prima jumtate a secolului al 19-lea, Pesta era nucleul spiritual al rii, atunci a fost construit i Podul cu Lanuri. Dup lupta pentru independen a Ungariei, odat cu ncheierea pactului cu Austria, s-a creat Monarhia austro-ungar, lucru ce a imprimat un suflu nou pentru progresul oraului. n 1873, Buda, Pesta i buda (Buda Veche) s-au unit. n urma unificrii a nceput o dezvoltare spectaculoas, s-au construit poduri, s-au amenajat parcuri, s-au introdus canalizarea i iluminatul public, s-au construit drumuri i o linie de tren subteran. Budapesta a ajuns, la sfritul secolului al 19-lea, un ora cu opt sute de mii de locuitori, fcnd concuren Vienei, att n privina numrului de locuitori, ct i a rolului deinut. n timpul Celui De-al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, o mare parte a oraului a fost distrus i toate podurile au fost bombardate. ntre 1945 i 1949, oraul a fost reconstruit. Pn n 1950, numrul de locuitori a crescut considerabil prin anexarea de orae i comune din mprejurimi. n prima jumtate a secolului al 19-lea, centrul oraului nu mai putea face fa noilor cerine: i ndeplinea n continuare rolul important ca centru administrativ, eclesiastic i de nvmnt, dar nucleul vieii economice s-a transferat definitiv n Oraul Nou, n Liptvros. Palate lng palate, i ce stil de via, ce mai du-te-vino! exclam, plimbndu-se pe cheiul Dunrii, vestitul poet i povestitor danez, Hans Christian Andersen.
Hungarian capital, Romanians and other minorities edited cultural and literary publications, founded associations, literary societies and supported amateur actor troops. From the end of the 17th century till today, Budapest has been gradually rebuilt. The city hall of today as well as the majority of churches in the Baroque style date from this age and also the Royal Palace Citadel was renovated then. Buda became the administrative center and Pest the commercial and industrial one. Around the middle of the 19th century, Pest was the spiritual center of the country, that is when the Chain Bridge was built. After the War of Independence, after the signing of the Conciliation Pact, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was created, positively influencing the development of the city. In 1873 Buda, Pest and buda (old Buda) were united. Following the unification, there began a spectacular development, bridges were constructed, parks were managed, sewer and public lighting were introduced, roads and a subterranean train were built. Budapest became, by the end of the 19th century, a city with population of eight hundred thousand, making competition to Vienna as much in terms of population as in its obtained role. During the Second World War, a big part of the city was destroyed and all the bridges were bombed. Between 1945 and 1949 the city was rebuilt. Until 1950 the population grew considerably by means of annexation of the surroundings cities. In the first half of the 19th century, the center of the city could not keep up with the new demands: it continued to meet its important role as the administrative, ecclesiastical and educational center, but the nucleus of economic life was transferred finally to the new city of Liptvros. Palace after palace, what a life, what traffic! exclaims Hans Christian Andersen, the well known Danish poet and narrator, while walking on the shores of the Danube.

Budapest a 17. szzad vgtl fokozatosan szplt. Ebben az idszakban plt a mai vroshza s a barokk templomok tbbsge, s jult meg a kirlyi vrpalota. Buda kzigazgatsi, Pest pedig ipari s kereskedelmi kzpontt fejldtt. A 19. szzad els felben Pest lett az orszg szellemi centruma, megplt a Lnchd is. A kiegyezssel ltrejtt az Osztrk-Magyar monarchia, aminek pozitv hatsa volt a vros fejldsre is. 1873-ban Buda, Pest s buda egyeslt. A vros risi fejldsen ment keresztl: hidak, parkok, csatornk, utak pltek, valamint a fldalatti is elkszlt, s javult a kzvilgts is. Budapest a 19. szzad vgre nyolcszzezres lakos vilgvross fejldtt, vetekedve Bcs nagysgval s szerepvel. A msodik vilghbor idejn azonban nagy rsze elpusztult, illetve megrongldott, a hidakat lebombztk. 1945 s 1949 kztt a vros jjplt, 1950-ben pedig a lakossg szma a krnyez megyei vrosok s nagykzsgek hozzcsatolsval jelentsen megntt. A Belvros a 19. szzad els felben mr nemigen tudott megfelelni az j ignyeknek: fontos igazgatsi, egyhzi s iskolai centrum maradt, de a gazdasgi let kzpontja vgrvnyesen az jvrosba a Liptvrosba helyezdtt t. Palota palota mellett, s micsoda let, micsoda forgalom! kiltott fel a Duna-soron stl vilghr dn meseklt, Hans Christian Andersen.

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6. Barabs Mikls: Punerea pietrei de temelie a Podului cu Lanuri, 1842 Barabs Mikls: Laying the foundation stone of the the Chain Bridge, 1842 Barabs Mikls: a Lnchd alapklettele, 1842 7. Franz Weiss: Palatele de pe Feldunasor Franz Weiss: Palaces on Feldunasor/ Upper Danube Lane Franz Weiss: A pesti Feldunasor paloti 8. Alt-Sandmann: Alsdunasor/Lower Danube Lane Alt-Sandmann: Alsdunasor

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Romnii ortodoci sunt organizai i condui n Pesta de comunitatea puternic macedoromn. Timp ndelungat, romnii din Ungaria aproape c nici n-au avut alt burghezie, n afar de cea ridicat dintre macedoromni. Macedoromnii erau oameni srguincioi i cumptai, puneau interesele economice nainte de toate, ineau mult la credina lor ortodox i la dezvoltarea culturii. Deinnd prvlii n toate punctele frecventate ale oraului, n scurt timp i-au fcut averi considerabile, au achiziionat multe proprieti imobiliare. Cei mai ilutri locuitori din centrul Pestei aparineau acestei comuniti. Faptul c acetia au cumprat terenurile i imobilele cele mai scumpe i au construit palate n centrul i pe teritoriul din ce n ce mai extins al Pestei, sunt dovezi elocvente ale mbogirii lor. Muli macedoromni s-au stabilit n special n zona Pieei Teatrului (azi piaa Vrsmarty), a Pieei Jzsef ndor i jvsrtr (azi piaa Erzsbet), iar alii locuiau pe strzile Vci, Blvny (azi strada Oktber 6) i pe strada Kt sas (azi strada Sas). Ei nu construiau imobile numai pentru a avea unde locui sau pentru a le folosi drept spaii comerciale, ci pentru a investi. Familia Lica avea 15 case iar familia Mocioni 17 case. Familiile Nedelcu, Gojdu, Lepora, Derra, Ioanovici i Sina erau, de asemenea, proprietare ale mai multor cldiri. Numeroase dintre acestea fac i astzi parte din patrimoniul imobiliar al capitalei Ungariei.

In Pest, the Orthodox Romanians are organized and led by a strong Macedo-Romanian community. For a long time, the Romanians in Hungary almost did not have any bourgeoisie other than that risen from the Macedo-Romanian community. Macedo-Romanians were diligent and sober people, putting economic interests before all other things. They cared a lot about their Orthodox belief and about the development of culture. Operating shops in all the frequently visited places of the city, they made in short time considerable fortunes and owned a lot of real estate. They were the most illustrious residents of central Budapest. The fact that these people purchased the most expensive land and real estate on which they built palaces in the center and in the ever extending territory of Pest is an eloquent evidence of their wealth. Macedo-Romanians settled specifically in the areas of Theater Square (today Vrsmarty Square), Jzsef Ndor Square and jvsr Square (today Erzsbet Square), and some of them lived on the Vci Street, Blvny Street (today Oktber 6 Street) and Kt Sas Street (today Sas Street). They did not build real estate with the sole purpose of having a place to live or a commercial space, but rather for making investments. The Lica family had 15 houses and the Mocioni family 17. The Nedelcu, Gojdu, Lepora, Derra, Ioanovici and Sina families were also owners of numerous buildings. Today, several of these buildings are part of the Hungarian capitals real estate heritage.

Pesten az ortodox romnsg vezet ereje s szervezje a macedoromnsg volt. Hossz idn keresztl ms polgri rtege szinte nem is volt a magyarorszgi romnoknak. Szorgalmas, takarkos, az zleti rdekeket mindenek fl helyez emberek voltak, akik ragaszkodtak ortodox hitkhz, s figyelemmel ksrtk a kulturlis let alakulst is. A vros szinte valamennyi forgalmasabb pontjn voltak zleteik, s hamarosan tekintlyes vagyonra s szmos ingatlanra tettek szert. k kpviseltk Pest kzpontjnak elitjt. Vagyoni gyarapodsukat jl pldzza, hogy a belvros legdrgbb telkein s az egyre bvl Pest j terletein vsroltak ingatlanokat, illetve ptettek palotkat. A Sznhz tr (ma Vrsmarty tr), a Jzsef ndor tr s az jvsrtr (ma Erzsbet tr) krnykre telepltek, de laktak a Vci, a Blvny (ma Oktber 6.) s a Kt sas (ma Sas) utcban is. Cljuk a hzptssel mr nem a laks s zlethelyisg biztostsa volt, hanem a pnzbefektets. A vrosban 15 hza volt a Lyka s 17 a Mocsonyi csaldnak. Tbb hzzal rendelkezett mg a Nedelk, Gozsdu, Lepora, Derra, Joanovics, Sina csald is. Ezek kzl ma is tbb plet kpezi Budapest kiemelt ptsi rksgt.

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Destinele unor oameni i ale unor cldiri

Centrul oraului Pesta Piaa Vrsmarty
n anii 1840, proprietarii irului de case din partea de est a pieei Vrsmarty de azi erau n exclusivitate macedoromni. Casa de pe col, de la numrul 2 din piaa Vrsmarty era proprietatea familiei Mocioni, pe locul casei de la numrul 3, se afla casa lui Gheorghe Sina, la numrul 4, casa lui Anastasie Lepora, la numrul 5 casa lui Constantin Grabovschi, iar n col, la numrul 6, casa lui Anastasie Lica. Familia Lica era una dintre familiile macedoromne cele mai respectabile din Budapesta n secolul al 19-lea. Fondatorul dinastiei, Dumitru Lica, s-a nscut n 1737 la Moscopole. Nu se tie precis cnd s-a stabilit n Ungaria, dar n 1789 el fusese deja unul dintre semnatarii cererii naintate de grecii i macedoromnii din Pesta, pentru a construi o biseric. i-a ales soie tot dintr-o familie macedoromn, pe Iuliana Gojdu, cu treizeci i unu de ani mai tnr dect el. Cuplul a avut mai muli copii, dintre care Anastasie, nscut n 1800, a devenit cunoscut om de afaceri, prin negustoria cu piele de care s-a ocupat. n 1830, Dumitru Anastasie Lica a devenit cetean al oraului Pesta, iar n 1833, cetean al oraului Buda. i-a investit surplusul de capital n special n cldiri, n cartierul j-Liptvros (n nordul

The destiny of some people and some buildings

Center of Pest Vrsmarty Square
In the 1840s, the owners of the rows of houses on the east side of todays Vrsmarty square were exclusively Macedo-Romanian. The house on the corner, No. 2 Vrsmarty Square was the property of the Mocioni family, on the lot from No. 3 there was the house of Gheorghe Sina, at No. 4 the house of Anastasie Lepora, at No. 5 the house of Constantin Grabovschi and in the corner, at No. 6, the house of Anastasie Lica. The Lica family was one of the most respected Macedo-Romanian families in the 19th Century. The founder of the dynasty, Dumitru Lica was born in 1737 in Moscopole. It is not known for sure when did they settle in Hungary, but in 1789 he was already one of the signatories of the petition forwarded by the Greek and the Macedo-Romanians from Pest, in order get approval to build a Church. He chose a wife also from a MacedoRomaian family, Iuliana Gojdu, who was thirty one years younger than him. The couple had many children, including Ansatasie, born in 1800, who became a well-known businessman as leather trader. Dumitru Anastasie Lica was accepted in 1830 among the Bourgeoisie in Pest, and in 1833 among the ones from Buda. He selectively invested his surplus capital into buildings from the j-Liptvros district (north of actual fifth district), and in 1844 he built a palace with three floors on the corner of Vrsmarty square and Harmincad Street following the designs made by the renowned architect Hild Jzsef.

lettrtnetek pletek
A pesti Belvros Vrsmarty tr
A mai Vrsmarty tr keleti hzsornak tulajdonosai az 1840-es vekben mr kizrlag a pesti macedoromnok kzl kerltek ki. A Vrsmarty tr 2. szm sarokhz a Mocsonyi csald volt, a 3. szm hz helyn Sina Gyrgy hza llott, a 4. szm alatt Lepora Anasztz hza emelkedett. Az 5. szm hz a Grabovszky Konstantin, a 6. szm sarokhz pedig Lyka Anasztz tulajdont kpezte. A 19. szzadi Budapest macedoromn famlii krben az egyik legtekintlyesebbnek a Lyka csald szmtott. A dinasztit alapt Lyka Demeter 1737-ben szletett Moschopolisban. Pontosan nem tudhat, mikor telepedett le Magyarorszgon, 1789-ben azonban mr szerepelt a neve azon a krvnyen, amelyben a pesti grgk s macedoromnok sajt templom ptst krvnyeztk. Felesget szintn macedoromn csaldbl vlasztott magnak: a nla harmincegy vvel fiatalabb Gozsdu Juliannt vezette oltrhoz. Hzassgukbl tbb gyermek szletett, kztk 1800-ban Anasztz, akibl ksbb zletember, hres brkeresked lett. Lyka Demeter Anasztzt 1830-ban felvettk a pesti, 1833-ban pedig a budai polgrok kz is. Fls tkjt fleg hzingatlanokba fektette, az akkor pl j-Liptvrosban (a mai V. kerlet szaki rsze),

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actualului sector V), iar n 1844 i-a construit un palat cu trei etaje la colul pieei Vrsmarty cu strada Harmincad, dup planul renumitului arhitect Hild Jzsef. Terenul din faa casei Lica unde fusese cldirea birourilor Tricesimei Regale (Harmincadvm), cldire demolat n anul 1859 a fost mprit n patru loturi i scos la licitaie, n vederea finanrii construciei noii Redute (Vigad). Partea de teren din colul pieei Jzsef ndor cu strada Dorottya a fost cumprat de Dumitru Anastasie Lica, iar restul, de croitorul Eisele Antal, de un profesor chirurg, i de ctre Banca Comercial Ungar din Pesta. (Pesti Magyar Kereskedelmi Bank). Astfel, noul complex de cldiri, care a fost ridicat aici, a i fost botezat blocul ciuntitorilor dat fiindc fiecare proprietar tia ceva: piele, ordine de plat, textile, pacieni! La parterul noilor cldiri s-au deschis magazine, printre care i cafeneaua Privorszky, denumit apoi Kugler i, mai trziu, cofetria Gerbeaud. Maestrul cofetar Kugler l-a cunoscut la Paris pe Emil Gerbeaud i l-a invitat la Pesta, s-i fie asociat i urma. Cofetarul de origine elveian a adus cu sine un important capital i, n 1892, a cumprat cofetria pe care, pn atunci, Kugler o avea doar n chirie. Dup decesul lui Kugler, ncepnd din 1908, cofetria devenit cea mai renumit din Budapesta, se va numi pn astzi Gerbeaud. n scurt timp, proprietarii vor cumpra i aripa vestic a cldirii. Imobilul primete forma actual la reconstrucia general din 1910. n jurul anilor 1870, puin a lipsit ca piaa ncadrat de aceste cldiri s primeasc numele lui Anastasie Lica. Bogatul macedoromn a observat c numele locului Sznhz Tr (Piaa Teatrului) nu mai era actual, pentru c teatrul german din Pesta, care se afla cndva n partea dinspre Dunre a
The land opposite to Licas house where the Regal Offices of Tricesima (Harmincadvm) building was located, demolished in 1859, was split up into four lots and brought to auction in view of the financing of the new Redoubts (Vigad) construction. The corner of the land, Jzsef Ndor Square with Dorottya Street was purchased by Dumitru Anastasie Lica, and the other three parts by the tailor Antal Eisele, by a professor surgeon and by the Commercial Bank of Hungary from Pest (Pesti Magyar Kereskedelmi Bank). So, the new complex of buildings that was constructed was baptized cutters building, named like this because every owner cut something: leather, legal tender, textiles or patients. Stores were opened at the street level of the building, including the caf Privorszky, later renamed Kugler, then became after a while the Gerbeaud confectionery. The Master confectioner Kugler met Emil Gerbeaud in Paris and invited him to Pest to be his associate and successor. The Master confectioner of Swiss origin brought with himself an important capital and in 1892 purchased the confectionery that was only rented by Kugler until then. After the death of Kugler, since 1908, the confectionery became the most famous in Budapest and is named till today Gerbeaud. In short time the owners purchased also the west wing of the building. The real-estate received its current form after a general reconstruction in 1910. Around the 1870s, not much was missing for the square framed by these buildings to receive the name of Anastasie Lica. The rich Macedo-Romanian noticed in 1860 that the name of the place Sznhz Tr (Theater Square) was no longer actual, because the German theater from Pest, that inspired the name of the square and was previously situated on the side towards the Danube of this square, burned down in 1847, even the last foundation stones of the theater being removed in the meantime. Nevertheless, there was an intention

1844-ben a Vrsmarty tr s a Harmincad utca sarkn pttetett magnak egy hromemeletes palott, amelyet Hild Jzsef, a neves ptsz tervezett. A Lyka hzzal szembeni telken a Harmincadvm hivatalnak plete llt. Azt 1859-ben lebontottk, telkt ngy rszre osztva elrvereztk, hogy a bevtelt az j Vigad ptsre fordthassk. A Jzsef ndor tr s a Dorottya utca sarkn lv rsztelket Lyka Demeter Anasztz vette meg, a tbbit Eisele Antal szabmester, egy sebszprofesszor s a Pesti Magyar Kereskedelmi Bank. El is neveztk a pestiek az j hztmbt a Vgk tmbjnek, mivel tulajdonosai kzl ki brt, ki szelvnyeket, ki szvetet, ki beteget vgott. Az j hzak fldszintjn zletek nyltak, tbbek kztt a Privorszky kvhz, azaz a ksbbi Kugler, majd Gerbeaud cukrszda. Kugler cukrszmester Prizsban ismerte meg a ksbbi nvadt, Gerbeaud Emilt, akit trsul s utdjul hvott Pestre. A svjci szrmazs cukrsz nagy tkt hozott magval, 1892-ben megvsrolta az addig csak brelt zlethelyisget. Kugler halla (1892) utn az zlet a Gerbeaud nevet vette fel; ekkor mr Budapest els cukrszdjnak szmtott. Nem sokkal ksbb a fldszint nyugati oldalt is hozzvsroltk, mai arculatt pedig az 1910. vi nagy feljts sorn nyerte el. 1870 tjn nem sokon mlt, hogy a tr maga is Lyka Anasztz nevt vegye fel. A gazdag macedoromn ugyanis idszertlennek tlte az akkor hasznlatos elnevezst, mert az egykor ott llt, s 1847-ben legett pesti Nmet Sznhznak 1856-ra mr az utols kveit is eltakartottk a tr Duna felli oldalrl. A tisztelet s az emlkezs azonban mg j ideig kijrt a rgen patins pletnek, alapos okot kellett

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9. Casele din partea de est a Pieei Vrsmarty Buildings from the Eastern side of Vrsmarty Square Vrsmarty tr keleti hzsora 10. Palatul Lica The Lica Palace Lyka palota 11. Casa Gerbeaud, 1890 Maison Gerbaud, 1890 A Gerbeaud-hz 1890 12. Cofetria Gerbeaud Gerbaud confectioner y Gerbeaud cukrszda

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11

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acestei piee, arsese n 1847, iar n 1856 chiar i ultimele pietre de fundaie ale teatrului fuseser evacuate. ns vechea denumire a locului s-a mai pstrat un timp, din respect i ca amintire a prestigioasei cldiri istorice. n aceste condiii, cererea de schimbare a denumirii pieei trebuia s fie foarte bine argumentat. Anastasie Lica i-a motivat iniial cererea spunnd c palatul su domin piaa. Pentru a da o mai mare prestan propunerii sale, a oferit o sum apreciabil n eventualitatea afirii numelui su i pe tbliele de marcaj ale strzii. Norocul ns nu a fost de partea lui, deoarece, odat cu cererea sa, a sosit la primrie i vestea naterii fiicei mpratului Franz Iosif, botezat Gizella, dup numele primei regine a Ungariei. Iar pentru a reaciona cum se cuvine la o astfel de onoare, n Ungaria s-a hotrt botezarea unei piee publice cu numele prinesei Gizella. Piaa Teatrului a devenit astfel Piaa Gizella, ca, dup 1920, s i se schimbe din nou denumirea, cu numele lui Vrsmarty. Anastasie Lica a murit n 1871, lsnd motenire urmailor si cincisprezece imobile n Pesta. El nsui, precum i familia sa, au subvenionat multe evenimente culturale romneti i au acordat deseori ajutor financiar studenilor romni care nvau n capitala Ungariei.

Strada Vci
Alexandru Mocioni a locuit decenii la rnd n casa de la numrul 2, din colul pieei cu strada Vci (Vrsmarty tr 2). Monograma M. S. (Mocsonyi Sndor) de pe suportul metalic al firmei din colul cldirii, ne mai amintete i astzi de numele su.
to preserve the old name of the square as a sign of respect and as a remembrance of the prestigious historical building. In these conditions, the request to change the name of the square should have been very well argued. Anastasie Lica initially handed in his request reasoning that his palace dominates the square. To strengthen his proposal even more, he offered a considerable sum in the event that his name would appear on the street signs. However, luck was not on his side, because at the time he made his request, the City Hall received the news of the birth of Emperor Franz Jozefs youngest daughter, baptized Gizella after the first Queen of Hungary. In order to properly react to such an honor, it was decided in Hungary to name a public square with the name of princess Gizella. This way, Theater Square became Gizella Square and after 1920 it was renamed again, with the name of the author of the lyrics of the Call Anthem (Szzat), Vrsmarty. Anastasie Lica died in 1871, leaving to his successors an inheritance of fifteen mansions in Pest. Alike the rest of his family members, he, subsidized many Romanian cultural events and frequently gave financial support to Romanian students who were studying in the capital.

Vci Street
Alexandru Mocioni lived for decades in the house from No. 2, on the corner of the square with Vci street (actual address: Vrsmarty tr /square/ 2). The initials M. S. from the forged iron support placed on the corner of the building to hold the company sign reminds us even today of his name.

teht adni a nvvltoztatsi krelmhez. Elszr azzal indokolta nvadsi vgyt, hogy ott ll palotja elgg meghatrozza a tr kpt. Krelmnek nyomatkot adva, tekintlyes sszeget is kiltsba helyezett arra az esetre, ha az neve kerlne az utcatblkra. Balszerencsjre, krelmvel egy idben rkezett a hr a vroshzra, hogy Ferenc Jzsefnek lnya szletett, akinek az els magyar kirlyn, Gizella nevet adtk. Ilyen megtiszteltetst pedig illett egy kzterlet elnevezssel viszonozni. A Sznhz trbl gy lett Gizella tr, majd 1920-tl Vrsmarty tr. Lyka Anasztz 1871-ben hunyt el, utdaira tizent pesti brpalott hagyott. maga s csaldtagjai tmogattk a pesti romn kulturlis rendezvnyeket, s sokszor segtettk anyagilag a magyar fvrosban tanul romn egyetemi hallgatkat.

Vci utca
A Vci u. 2. szm sarokhzban (Vrmarty tr 2.) tlttt el vtizedeket Mocsonyi Sndor. A hz sarkn a cgrtart vasllvny M. S. beti mg ma is emlkeztetnek erre.

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13 13. Franz Weiss: Cldirea Teatrului German din Pesta, 1808-1812 Franz Weiss: The building of the German Theater from Pest 1808-1812 Franz Weiss: A pesti Nmet Sznhz plete, 1808 1812 14. Cofetria Gerbeaud n zilele noastre Gerbaud confectioner y in our days Gerbeaud cukrszda napjainkban 15. Piaa Gizella, 1902 Gizella Square, 1902 Gizella tr, 1902 16. Cripta familiei Lica i a Iulianei Gojdu, n cimitirul Kerepei The grave of Lica family and Iuliana Gojdu from the Kerepesi Graveyard Lyka csald s Gozsdu Julianna sremlke a Kerepesi temetben 16

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n cldirea aflat n acest loc, funcionau multe prvlii i antreprize, printre care i atelierul fotografului Mayer Gyrgy, precum i coala de muzic a lui Joksch Anasztz, nfiinat n 1836. Cldirea care se afl astzi n acest loc, proiectat de arhitectul Kallina Mr, finalizat la nceputul anului 1877, a avut parte de multe critici, fiind considerat ca fiind mult prea simpl fa de ambiana pieei. i n aceast cldire nou s-au deschis diferite spaii comerciale. Aici se afla atelierul de gravuri i rame al lui Winkle Nndor, dar printre chiriai se aflau i Partidul pentru independen, ct i Partidul din 48 (Partidul Krolyi), al crui sediu era situat pe partea dinspre Piaa Vrsmarty, unde se vede un mic balcon deasupra intrrii. La data de 28 octombrie 1918, din acest balcona s-au rostit discursurile de instigare la revoluie, nainte de cunoscuta lupt de pe Podul cu lanuri. Neamul Mocioni a sosit n Ungaria din Macedonia, n secolul al 18-lea. Aceast familie nu s-a declarat niciodat a fi greceasc i provenea din neamul moscopolenilor, cel mai cultivat dintre cele ase neamuri romneti din Macedonia. n limba macedoromnilor (a aromnilor) porecla Mocion nseamn descins din moi. Strmoii familiei, care mai trziu s-a scindat n dou ramuri, au fost Mihai i Andrei, ei s-au stabilit n Pesta. Au fcut avere din activiti comerciale, avnd o mare influen asupra industriei, dar i-au asumat un rol important i n viaa public. O parte din capital l-au investit n imobile. Membrii familiei Mocioni deineau 17 imobile n Pesta. n 1780, urmaii lui Andrei au primit pentru merite militare i ca donaie, moia de la Foeni, din Banat, iar apoi, n 1783, diploma de nnobilare cu titlul de Foeni. Unul dintre descendenii celeilalte ramuri a familiei, Petre, urma al lui
The building that was formerly located on this lot offered room for many shops and enterprises, such as the workshop of the photographer Gyrgy Mayer and the music school of Anasztz Joksch opened in 1836. The present building, designed by architect Mr Kallina and finalized in the beginning of 1877, has been heavily criticized, being considered too simple compared to the ambiance of the square. In this new building there were opened also stores and entrepises, such as the workshop of engraving and frames of Nndor Winkle, and among the tenants, there were the Independence Party and the Party of 48 (Krolyi Party), whose offices were located on the side of Vrsmarty square, where a small balcony is visible above the entrance. On the 28th of October 1918, rousing speeches for the revolution were given from this balcony, previously to the well known fight on the Chain Bridge. The Mocioni family came to Hungary from Macedonia in the 18th century. They never declared themselves to be Greek as they were descendants of the Moscopoleans, the most cultivated out of the six Romanian branches
from Macedonia. In Macedo-Romanian (Aromanian) language , the nickname Mocion means descedants of the Moi population. The ancestors of the family, that later split in two parts, were Mihai and Andrei, who settled in Pest. They became wealthy merchants, having seriuos influence on industry, however they assumed important roles in public life as well. They invested part of their capital in real-estate. Members of the Mocioni family owned 17 estates in Pest. In 1780, the offspring of Andrei received for military merits the Foeni estate from Banat and in 1783 were awarded the diploma of ennoblement with the title de Foeni. One of the decedents of the other branch of the family, Petre, offspring of Mihai, who was already living in Tokaj, received the title of ennoblement

A telken ll korbbi hzban sok zlet s vllalkozs mkdtt, kztk Mayer Gyrgy fotogrfus mterme s Joksch Anasztz 1836-tl mkd zeneiskolja. A mai plet Kallina Mr ptsz tervei alapjn 1877 elejre kszlt el, de sok szakmai kritikt kapott, mivel a tr ptszeti arculathoz tlsgosan egyszernek tartottk. Az j pletben is helyet kaptak klnfle zletek, tbbek kztt Winkle Nndor metszet- s rmakereskedse, de a hz brli kz tartozott a Fggetlensgi s 48-as (Krolyi) Prt is, amelynek helyisge a tr azon oldaln volt, ahol ma a bejrat feletti kis erkly lthat. Errl az erklyrl hangzottak el 1918. oktber 28-n az n. lnchdi csata eltt a forradalmi lelkest beszdek. A Mocsonyiak a 18. szzadban Macednibl rkeztek Magyarorszgra. Sohasem vallottk magukat grgnek, mert a macedniai romnsg hat nemzetsge kzl a legmveltebbl, a moszkopolok nemzetsgbl szrmaztak. A macedoromnok (aromnok) nyelvben a Mocion ragadvnynv mc eredetre utal. A ksbb kt gra sztvlt csald sei Mihly s Andrs voltak, akik Pesten telepedtek meg. Vagyonos kereskedk lettek, s nagy befolyssal voltak az iparra, de a kzletben is fontos szerepet vllaltak magukra. Tkjk egy rszt k is hzingatlanokba fektettk. A Mocsonyi csald tagjai 17 hzat birtokoltak Pesten. 1780-ban Andrs utdai kaptk katonai rdemeik s pnzgyi ldozataik elismersl a bnti, foeni birtokot, majd 1783-ban nemesi oklevelet de Foeni elnvvel. A msik g se, Mihly egyik utda, az akkor mr Tokajban lt Pter, 1804-ben kapott nemessget. A kt g ksbbi egyestsbl szletett Sndor (1841) s Eugen (1844).

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17. Casa Mocioni de la captul strzii Vci, 1880 Front of Vci Street with the Mocioni residence, 1880 Vci utca eleje a Mocsonyi hzzal, 1880 18. Firma cu monograma lui Alexandru Mocioni (Mocsonyi Sndor M.S.) Company sign holder with the initials of Alexandru Mocioni (Mocsonyi Sndor M.S.) Cgrtart Mocsonyi Sndor (M.S.) monogramjval 19. Alexandru Mocioni Alexandru Mocsonyi 20. Blazonul familiei Mocioni The coat of arms of the Mocioni family Mocsonyi csald cmere 21. Palatul Mocioni The Mocioni Palace Mocsonyi palota

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Mihai, care tria deja la Tokaj, a primit titlul nobiliar n 1804. Din reunificarea celor dou ramuri ale familiei, s-au nscut mai trziu Alexandru (1841) i Eugen (1844). Alexandru Mocioni, adic Mocsonyi Sndor (18411901), a fost un politician romn din Ungaria, mare meloman dar i compozitor. A fcut liceul la piariti, tatl su l-a angajat pe Atanasie Marienescu ca ndrumtor de studii pentru fiul lui. Alexandru a urmat studii de drept la Pesta, la Viena i la Graz. De la bun nceput s-a pregtit s devin politician, a cltorit prin Belgia i Elveia pentru a cunoate statele multinaionale din vestul Europei. n 1865 a devenit deputat n parlament. Tnrul n jur de douzeci de ani, foarte pregtit i nzestrat cu deosebite caliti de orator, a ocupat repede un loc de frunte printre deputaii reprezentani ai minoritilor naionale. n 1867, el a fost autorul acelui proiect de lege pe care minoritile naionale l-au prezentat drept alternativ a proiectului lui Etvs, propunnd o reglementare a limbii statului, pe baze federative. Mocioni considera c dreptul de folosire a limbii materne este fundamental pentru destinul altor etnii dect cea maghiar. El a publicat scrieri n paginile unor ziare ca Reform, Zukunft, Politik din Praga, ct i n alte reviste. n lucrarea publicat la 15 ianuarie 1869, prin care i definea programul, Mocioni constat c n loc s fi cutat asocierea cu grupurile etnice din ar, clasa dominant ungar a ncheiat o alian nefireasc cu clasa politic german din Austria, orientat chiar mpotriva celorlalte popoare din imperiu. El declar c legea minoritilor, deja adoptat, este contrar drepturilor naturale, deoarece nu recunoate existena altor naiuni n ar, n afar de cea maghiar.
in 1804. Through the reunification of the two branches, thereafter there was born Alexandru (1841) and Eugen (1844).

federal bases. Mocioni considered the right of using ones native language being fundamental to the destiny of ethnicities other than Hungarian. He published articles in some newspapers like Reform, Zukunft, Politik from Prague, as well as in other magazines. In the work published January 15th 1869, in which he defined his program, Mocioni concludes that instead of finding a way of association with the ethnic groups from the country, the leading class of Hungary finalized a non-regular alliance with the German political class from Austria, who were actually oriented against the other ethnicities in the empire. He declares that the already adopted law of minorities is against natural rights, because it does not recognize the existence of other nationalities in the country, other than the Hungarians.

as private tutor for his sons studies. Alexandru completed law studies in Pest, Vienna and Graz. He prepared himself to be a politician from the beginning, he traveled through Belgium and Switzerland with the objective of studying multinational states from west Europe. In 1865 he became deputy in the Parliament. The young, well prepared and gifted 20-year-old man with great oratorical skills, quickly gained a leading position in the group of deputies who represented the national minorities. In 1867, he authored the legislation project which the national minorities presented as a direct alternative to the Etvs project, proposing a regulation of the state language on

Alexandru Mocioni, known as Mocsonyi Sndor (18411901), was a Romanian politician from Hungary, a great music enthusiast and composer. He graduated Piarist high school, his father hired Atanasie Marienescu

Alexandru Mocioni, azaz Mocsonyi Sndor (18411901) magyarorszgi romn politikus, zeneszerz. A pesti piaristkhoz jrt gimnziumba, apja Atanasie Marienescut fogadta mell hzitantnak. Jogi tanulmnyait Pesten, Bcsben s Grazban vgezte. Tudatosan kszlt a politikusi plyra, krutazst tett Belgiumban s Svjcban, hogy megismerje a nyugat-eurpai tbbnemzetisg llamokat. 1865ben lett orszggylsi kpvisel. Felkszltsge s kivl sznoki kpessgei a huszonves fiatalembert hamar vezrszerephez juttattk a nemzetisgi kpviselk kztt. 1867-ben megalkotta az Etvs-fle trvnyjavaslattal szembeni nemzetisgi ellenjavaslatot, amely fderatv alapon szablyozta volna a hivatalos nyelv krdst. A magyarorszgi nem magyar npek sorsnak kulcskrdst ugyanis a nyelvi jogokban ltta. A Reform, a Zukunft, a prgai Politik s ms lapok hasbjain publiklt. 1869. janur 15-n megjelent programad rsban megllaptotta, hogy a magyar uralkod osztly ahelyett, hogy az orszg npeinek szvetsgt kereste volna, termszetellenes szvetsget kttt az ausztriai nmet politikai osztllyal, amely a tbbi np ellen irnyul. A megszletett nemzetisgi trvnyrl azt tartotta, hogy ellenkezik a termszetes jogokkal, mivel nem ismeri el a nem magyar nemzetek ltt az orszgban.

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Mocioni a fost ales preedinte al Partidului Naional Romn, constituit la data de 26 ianuarie 1869, n Reduta de la Timioara. ntre 18691872, el a fost deputat n Parlament, ales n circumscripia electoral de la Lugoj, iar ncepnd din 1872 a fost ales deputat n circumscripia electoral de la Radna. n 1874 a renunat la mandatul su de deputat, pstrndu-i funcia de preedinte al partidului. ncetul cu ncetul, Mocioni a devenit adept al rezistenei pasive fa de sistemul politic maghiar. El a depus eforturi considerabile pentru separarea bisercii romne de cea srbeasc i pentru nfiinarea mitropoliei Sibiului. A fost ntemeietor i membru al multor asociaii literare i culturale din Banat, din Ardeal i din Ungaria. A acordat sprijin financiar ziarelor n limba romn din Pesta, a desfurat o important activitate de mecenat al studenilor romni de la Pesta i a finanat cu generozitate activitile Societii Petru Maior. n timpul studeniei la Viena, a studiat i muzic. Mai multe compoziii ale sale au fost chiar prezentate n concerte. n palatul din Piaa Vrsmarty de astzi, col cu strada Vci, familia Mocioni organiza adeseori matineuri i serate muzicale. Chiar i Franz Liszt a fost de multe ori n vizit la palatul Mocioni, ntreinnd relaii de prietenie cu Alexandru Mocioni. Iosif Vulcan a reuit s-l ctige pe Mocioni pentru a interveni n vederea nfiinrii unui teatru. n februarie 1870, Mocioni invit n casa lui din strada Vci pe toi intelectualii romni din Budapesta i creeaz o asociaie cu numele Societatea pentru fond de teatru romn. Societatea i-a nceput activitatea cu un capital de opt mii de forini. Sediul societii a fost n Budapesta pn n 1895, iar apoi
Mocioni was elected president of the National Romanian Party, founded in January 26, 1869, in the Redoute from Timioara. Between 1869 and 1872, he was member of Parliament, elected in the electoral circumscription from Lugoj, and starting from 1872 he was elected deputy in the electoral circumscription from Radna. In 1874 he resigned from his mandate as deputy, maintaining his function as Party president. Step by step, Mocioni became the advocate of passive resistance against the Hungarian political system. He put a lot of considerable effort into separating the Romanian Church from the Serbian one, and towards the establishing of the Metropolis of Sibiu. He was founder and member of many literary and cultural associations from Banat, from Transylvania and from Hungary. He gave financial support to Romanian language periodicals published in Pest, he ran an important activity of supporting Romanian students in Pest and he generously financed the Petru Maior Society. During his studies in Vienna, he also studied music. Many of his compositions were even presented in concerts. At the palace from present Vrsmarty Square, corner with Vci Street, the Mocioni family often organized matinees and musical evenings. Even Franz Liszt visited many times the Mocioni palace, maintaining a friendly relationship with Alexandru Mocioni. Iosif Vulcan managed to persuade Mocioni to sustain the initiative of creation of a theater. In February 1870, Mocioni invites in his Vci Street mansion all the Romanian intellectuals from Budapest and established an association named Society for the Romanian Theater Fund. The Society began its activity with a capital of eight thousand Forints. Till 1895, the headquarters of the society was in Budapest, then moved to Braov until 1914.

1869. janur 26-n a temesvri vigadban megalakult Romn Nemzeti Prt elnkv vlasztottk. 18691872-ben Lugos, 1872-tl pedig Mriaradna vlasztkerlett kpviselte az orszggylsben. 1874-ben lemondott kpviseli mandtumrl, de prtelnki tisztsgt megtartotta. Lassanknt a magyar politikai rendszerrel szembeni passzv ellenlls hvv vlt. Sokat tett a romn egyhznak a szerbtl val elvlsa s a szebeni rseksg megalaptsa rdekben. Tagja, illetve kezdemnyezje tbb bnti, erdlyi, valamint ms magyarorszgi romn irodalmi s kulturlis egyesletnek. Anyagi tmogatst nyjtott a Pesten megjelen romn jsgoknak, mecnsa volt a Pesten tanul romn hallgatknak, s a Petru Maior Kr klnbz tevkenysgeit is bkezen pnzelte. Bcsi tanulmnyi vei alatt zent is tanult. Tbb ltala szerzett zenemvet el is adtak. A mai Vrsmarty tr s Vci utca sarkn lv palotjukban a Mocsonyiak gyakran rendeztek matinkat s zenei esteket. Liszt Ferenc is gyakran volt vendg a Mocsonyi-hzban, aki bartsgos viszonyt polt Alexandru Mocionival. Iosif Vulcannak sikerlt megnyernie a sznhz-gy felkarolsra is. Mocioni 1870 februrjban Vci utcai hzba invitlta az sszes budapesti romn rtelmisgit, s egyesletet alaptottak Romn sznhzalap szerzsi trsulat elnevezssel. Mkdsket nyolcezer forintos tkvel kezdtk meg. Az egyeslet szkhelye 1895-ig Budapest, azutn pedig 1914-ig Brass volt. Mkdsk sorn vndorszntrsulatot alaktottak, amely bejrta a romn teleplseket, s vrl-vre sznmplyzatokat is kirtak.

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la Braov, pn n 1914. Societatea a constituit o echip de teatru ambulant, care s-a perindat prin localitile romneti, i a publicat n fiecare an un concurs de piese de teatru. Cldirea de la numrul 9 de pe strada Vci a fost cumprat n 1800 de Cristofor Naco, cu cincizeci de mii de forini. Cldirea era cunoscut nc din 1777, pe cnd adpostea hotelul Zu den 7 Kurfrsten. Multe baluri au fost organizate aici, iar n 1823, n sala festiv a hanului de alt dat, a dat concert i Franz Liszt, pe cnd avea doar vrsta de 11 ani. Cldirea nu mai servea drept han ncepnd cu 1840. A fost motenit de contele Alexandru Naco. Acesta cumprase deja terenul din partea de nord a cldirii, i, n 1840, a unificat cele dou terenuri ca s obin autorizaie de construcie pentru a ridica o cldire, cunoscut mai trziu pe numele de Casa celor apte palatini (Ht vlasztfejedelem-hz). Arhitectul a fost i de data aceasta Hild Jzsef. Alexandru Naco a murit n 1848. Motenitorul su a fost contele Coloman Naco, el a transformat cldirea n hotel. Din 1865, n acest imobil au funcionat Hotelul Naional, cu 160 de camere, un restaurant i o cafenea. n 1881, Banca Ungar de Ipotec i de Credit a cumprat cldirea, la preul de patru sute aptezeci de mii de forini, folosind-o un timp ca hotel, iar apoi, din cauz c lucrrile generale de ntreinere ar fi costat prea mult, i-a schimbat destinaia n imobil de locuine cu chirie. Inscripia Hotel Naional a fost nlturat de pe faada cldirii n 1902. Dup o renovare mai important n 1937, cldirea a fost reconstruit ntre anii 19641967 pentru a adposti Teatrul din Pesta (Pesti Sznhz). Casa de la numrul 16 de pe strada Vci a fost cumprat n 1818 de Ioan Mocioni. n 1833, Hild
The society established an itinerant theater company, which was very successful throughout the Romanian communities and held every year a contest of theater pieces. The building from No. 9 Vci Street was purchased in 1800 by Cristofor Naco, for fifty thousand Forints. The building was well known already from 1777, under the namre of Zu den 7 Kurfrsten Inn, hosting many balls. In 1823, in the ceremonial hall of the inn, a concert was given by Franz Liszt, around the time he was only 11 years of age. Starting with 1840, the building did not serve only as an inn. It was inherited by Count Alexandru Naco. He already purchased the land from the north side of the building, and in 1840 he unified the two properties to obtain the building authorization and raised a building, later known as the House of the Seven Palatines. Again, the architect was Hild Jzsef. Alexandru Naco died in 1848. The person who inherited the property was Count Colman Naco, who transformed the building into a hotel. From 1864, the National Hotel operated in this structure with 160 rooms, a restaurant and a confectionery. In 1881, the Hungarian Bank of Mortgage and Credit purchased the building for the price of four hundred and seventy thousand Forints, using it for a while as a hotel, then, due to the extremely high reconstruction costs that would have been necessary to keep the hotel competitive, changed its destination into housing estate for rent. The National Hotel logo was removed from the front of the building in 1902. After an important renovation in 1937, the building was finally reconstructed between 19641967 to become the Theater from Pest. The house at No. 16 Vci Street was purchased in 1818 by Ioan Mocioni. In 1833, Hild Jzsef transformed the one-storey house into a house with three floors, at the request of Ioan Mocioni. From all the houses from Vci

A Vci u. 9. alatt ll pletet 1800-ban Nk Kristf vsrolta meg tvenezer forintrt. Mr 1777-ben ismert volt a hz, Zu den 7 Kurfrsten-szll nven, sok blt is rendeztek benne. 1823-ban, az akkor tizenegy ves Liszt Ferenc hangversenyezett a fogad dsztermben. Az pletet, amelynek fogad jellege 1840-ben megsznt, grf Nk Sndor rklte. vette meg az szaki telket, s 1840-ben egyestette, hogy engedlyt kaphasson az j a ksbbi Ht vlasztfejedelem-hz felptsre. A tervez ptsz ebben az esetben is Hild Jzsef volt. Az 1848-ban elhunyt Nk Sndor rkbe grf Nk Klmn lpett, aki az pletet szllodv alaktotta t. 1865-tl 160 szobval s tteremmel, kvhzzal itt mkdtt a Nemzeti Szll. Az pletet 1881-ben ngyszzhetvenezer forintrt vsrolta meg a Magyar Jelzlog Hitelbank, amely egy ideig mg fenntartotta a szllodt, majd mivel csak teljes tpts utn lehetett volna versenykpes jbl brhzz alaktotta. A Nemzeti Szll feliratot 1902-ben tvoltottk el a homlokzatrl. Az 1937-es nagyobb talakts utn 19641967 kztt ptettk t jra a hzat a Pesti Sznhz szmra. A Vci u. 16. szm alatti hzat 1818-ban Mocsonyi Jnos vette meg, majd az egyemeletes hzat 1833-ban hromemeletesre pttette t Hild Jzseffel.

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22. Franz List Liszt Ferenc 23. Gheorghe Mocioni Gheorghe Mocsonyi 24. Strada Vci n anii 1900 Vci Street in the 1900s Vci utca, 1900 -as vek 25. Casa celor apte cpetenii, azi Teatrul din Pesta The house of the seven Palatines, in our days the Theater from Pest Htvlasztfejedelem-hz, mai Pesti Sznhz 23

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26. Hild Jzsef 27. Contele Ioan Naco Count Ioan Naco Grf Nk Jnos 28. Kuvasseg Martens: Piaa de desfacere din Pesta Kuvasseg Martens: The weekly market from Pest Kuvasseg Martens: Pesti rakpiac 29. Palatul Gresham, 1909 The Gresham Palace, 1909 Gresham palota, 1909

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Jzsef transform casa cu un etaj ntr-una cu trei etaje, la cererea lui Ioan Mocioni. Dintre casele de pe strada Vci, aceasta a rmas cel mai mult timp n proprietatea unei familii, pe care a motenit-o apoi Gheorghe Mocioni. Dup moartea acestuia, Livia, fiica sa, soia contelui Bethlen Andrs, a devenit proprietara cldirii, astfel cldirii i-a rmas numele de Casa Bethlen. Casa din strada Vci, numrul 17 era n proprietatea familiei Manno. Primul membru al familiei la Budapesta a fost Dumitru Manno, de origine din Bitolia, Macedonia. n ziua n care a depus jurmntul de fidelitate, pe data de 9 octombrie 1802, el a cumprat casa respectiv de la Neumayer Mikls. n aceeai zi i-a ctigat i dreptul de cetean, fiind proprietar de cas. Dumitru Manno a avut patru copii din dou csnicii. A decedat n 1815, la vrsta de 58 de ani. Din inventarul de succesiune se poate vedea c n aceast cas erau patru locuine la etajul nti, iar la parter erau opt camere. n anii 1830, aici au trit cei patru frai Manno. Cel mai cunoscut dintre ei era bancherul tefan, unul dintre cei mai mari contribuabili din Pesta. Familia Manno a locuit n casa de pe strada Vci pn la mijlocul anilor 1860, dup care s-a mutat n imobilul cu dou etaje din strada Kirly. Casa din strada Vci, numrul 21, avea mai muli proprietari, pn cnd, n 1782, Locotenena a autorizat pentru prima oar ca i ceteni de religie ortodox s poat cumpra case n Pesta. Prin mrinimosul ajutor financiar acordat de Dumitru Arghir, negustor de piele originar din Moscopole, grecii i macedoromnii au putut cumpra terenul pe care i-au construit biserica i Curtea greceasc. Fii lui Dumitru Naum i Constantin Arghir la 18 iunie 1812, au naintat o cerere pentru a putea moteni pe numele lor aceast cas i nc o alt cldire, lsate prin succesiune de tatl lor.
Street, this house remained for the longest period of time in the property of the same family. It was inherited by George Mocioni. After his death, his daughter Livia, the wife of Count Bethlen Andrs, became the owner of the building, that is why the house was known also as the Bethlen House. The house at No. 17 Vci Street was the property of the Manno family. The first member of the family to settele Budapest was Dumitru Manno, originating from Bitolia, Macedonia. In the day that he gave the fidelity oath, on the 9th of October 1802, he purchased this house from Neumayer Mikls. In the same day he also won the right to citizenship, being the owner of a house. Dumitru Manno had four children from two marriages. He passed away in 1815, at the age of 58. In the succession inventory, it can be seen that in his house there were four apartments on the first floor and eight rooms on the ground floor. This is where the four Manno brothers lived in the 1830s. The most well known of them was tefan, who was a banker and one of the biggest contributors from Pest. The Manno family lived in the house from Vci Street until the middle of the 1860s, then moved to a real-estate with two floors on Kirly Street. The house at No. 21 Vci Street had many owners until 1782, when the Governing Council authorized for the first time citizens from the Orthodox religion the right to buy houses in Pest. Due to the enormous financial contribution made by Dumitru Arghir, merchant of leather originating from Moscopole, Greek and MacedoRomanians were allowed to buy the land where they established the Greek Church and Garden. On the 18th of June 1812, the sons of Dumitru, Naum and Constantin Arghiron put forward a request to inherit on their name this house and another building, left by succession from their father.

A vci utcai hzak kzl, melyet aztn Mocsonyi Gyrgy rklt meg, ez maradt meg legtovbb egyetlen csald kezn. Halla utn Lvia nev lnya, grf Bethlen Andrs felesge lett az plet tulajdonosa, ezrt a hzat Bethlen-hzknt is ismertk. A Vci u. 17. szm hz a Mann csald volt. A famlia els pesti kpviselje Mann Demeter a macedniai Bitlibl szrmazott. 1802. oktber 9-n vsrolta meg a hzat Neumayer Miklstl, azon a napon, amikor letette a hsgeskt. Ugyanezen a napon, mint hztulajdonos, polgrjogot is nyert. Kt hzassgbl ngy gyermeke szletett. Mann Demeter 1815-ben 58 ves korban elhunyt. A hagyatki leltrbl tudjuk, hogy a hz t lakst foglalt magban az els emeleten, nyolc szobt pedig a fldszinten. Az 1830-as vekben a hzban a ngy Mann testvr lt. Istvn volt kzlk a legismertebb, aki bankr volt s az egyik legnagyobb pesti adfizet. A Mann csald az 1860-as vek kzepig lt a Vci utcai hzban, ezutn tkltztek Kirly utcai ktemeletes otthonukba. A Vci u. 21-es hzat tbb tulajdonos birtokolta, amg 1782-ben a Helytarttancs els zben engedlyezte, hogy grgkeleti valls is vsrolhasson hzat magnak Pesten. Argiri (Argyr) Demeter, Moschopolisbl szrmaz brkeresked bkez anyagi tmogatsa tette lehetv, hogy a grgk s macedoromnok megvsroljk azt a telket, amelyen templomuk s a Grg-udvar felplt. Fiai, Argiri Naum s Konstantin 1812. jnius 18-n krelmeztk, hogy az apjuk vgrendelete rtelmben rjuk maradt hzat (s egy msikat is) a nevkre rathassk.

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Cldirea de pe strada Vci, numrul 26 (Casa Wulpe) a fost construit n 1890, dup planurile lui Hauszmann Alajos. La nceputul secolului al 19-lea, casa Wulpe era n proprietatea lui Dumitru Vulpe. Imobilul a fost demolat n 1888. Aici a locuit Anastasia Pometa, prima soie a lui Emanuil Gojdu, care rmsese vduv foarte devreme, dup decesul primului su so, Dumitru Vulpe, care a murit de tnr. Pn la mijlocul secolului al 19-lea, la numrul 28 de pe pe strada Vci, se afla hanul Aranyhorgonyhoz (La ancora de aur). Noul proprietar al cldirii, contele Keglevich dm a demolat-o i a construit n locul ei o cas cu etaj, n stil baroc. Pe strada Vci circula mult lume, de aceea ceaprzria La cele trei fete din Pesta, amenajat cu mult gust la parterul cldirii, s-a dovedit a fi foarte profitabil. n curte funciona atelierul de heliografie al lui Simonyi Antal, poate cel mai elegant studio de fotografie din capital. Atelierul nu avea dect vreo treizeci de metri ptrai, dar aici a executat Simonyi una dintre cele mai ilustre lucrri ale sale, cea care i nfieaz pe membrii dietei ungare din 1861. n ianuarie 1864, atelierul a fost distrus de un incendiu i, pe locul acestuia, Dimitrie Lica i-a comandat n 1879 lui Steindl Imre, arhitectul Parlamentului, s ridice casa Lica, pstrat pn n zilele noastre.

Piaa Roosevelt
Hild Jzsef, proiectant al multor ansambluri de cldiri, a contribuit i la amenajarea promenadei de pe cheiul din Pesta al Dunrii, reconstruit ntre timp n stil clasicist. Acest arhitect a sistematizat i
The building on No. 26 Vci Street (Wulpe house), was built in 1890 according to the plans of Hauszmann Alajos. In the beginning of the 19th century, the Wulpe house was the property of Dumitru. The building was demolished in 1888. Anastasia Pometa lived here, the first wife of Emanuil Gojdu, who became a widow very early, after the death of her first husband Dumitru Wulpe, who died young. Until the middle of the 19th century, the building from No. 28 Vci Street hosted the Aranyhorgonyhoz Inn (At the Gold Anchor Inn). The new owner of the building, Count Keglevich dm demolished it and build in its place a two-storey house in Baroque style. Due to the crowded traffic from Vci Street, the haberdasher At the three girls from Pest, installed and managed with much taste at the ground level, proved to be very profitable. In the courtyard, there was the Heliographic workshop of Simonyi Antal, maybe the most elegant photo studio from the Capital. Despite that the workshop did not have more than thirty square meters, here Simonyi executed one of his most famous works that show the members of the Diet from 1861. The workshop was burnt down in 1864. In its place, at the order of Dimitrie Lica, in 1879 Steindl Imre, the architect of the Parliament, raised the Lica house, which still stands even today.

Roosevelt Square
Hild Jzsef, designer of numerous assemblies of buildings, contributed also to the arrangement of the promenade on the Danube coast from Pest, which was rebuilt in Classical style. This architect also systematized the municipal landscape from the Sale Square (Kirakod tr Roosevelt square of today) which was considered the

A Vci u. 26. szm plet (Wulpe Hz) 1890-ben plt fel Hauszmann Alajos tervei alapjn. A 19. szzad elejn a hz Wulpe Demeter tulajdona volt, 1888-ban bontottk le. Itt lakott Anastasia Pometa, Gozsdu Man els felesge, aki korn zvegyen maradt, mivel Wulpe Demeter fiatalon halt meg. A Vci u. 28. szm alatt llt a 19. szzad kzepig az Aranyhorgonyhoz cmzett fogad. Az pletet j tulajdonosa, grf Keglevich dm lebontatta, s barokk emeletes hzat ptett a helybe. A Vci utca mr akkor is forgalmas volt, ezrt jl jvedelmez vllalkozsnak bizonyult a hz fldszintjn ignyesen kialaktott, A hrom pesti lenyhoz cmzett rfs bolt. Az plet udvarban mkdtt Simonyi Antal fnyrdja, amely a fvros taln legelkelbb fotogrfiai mtermnek szmtott. Noha a terem alig haladta meg a harminc ngyzetmtert, a fotogrfus itt ksztette egyik leghresebb, az 1861. vi Orszggyls tagjait brzol munkjt. A fnyrda 1864 janurjban legett, helyre Lyka Dme 1879-ben Steindl Imrvel, az Orszghz tervezjvel pttette fel a mig pen maradt Lyka-hzat.

Roosevelt tr
Hild Jzsef, szmos pletegyttes tervezje, az azta tplt klasszicista pesti Duna part kialaktsban is kzremkdtt. Az akkori Kirakod (a mai Roosevelt) tren melyet az akkori Eurpa legszebb kzternek tartottak s a hozz csatlakoz utckban is tbb pletet tervezett.

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31 32 30. Simion Sina senior Id. Sina Simon 31. Academia Ungar, anii 1870 The Hungarian Academy in the 1870s Mag yar Akadmia, 1870 -es vek 32. Muzeul Naional, n jurul anului 1850 The National Museum in the 1850s Nemzeti Mzeum, 1850 krl 33. Gheorghe Sina Sina Gyrg y 34. Academia Militar Ludovika, 1913 Militar y Academy Ludovika, 1913 Ludovika, 1913 34 33

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peisajul edilitar din fosta pia de desfacere (Kirakod tr Piaa Roosevelt de astzi) care era considerat cea mai frumoas pia public din Europa de atunci. Tot el a proiectat numeroase alte cldiri pe strzile care se ntlneau n aceast pia. Aici se aflau Bile Diana (Diana-frd), ntr-o cldire care a devenit apoi Hotelul Europa, i tot aici se aflau Lloyd-ul i palatul Naco. Din pcate, aceste cldiri nu s-au pstrat pn azi. Splendidul ir de palate clasiciste din Piaa Kirakod constituia o expresie clar a tendinei de afirmare a noii pturi de negustori, industriai, bancheri. Cldirea din mijloc a fost construit de angrosistul Deron Antal. Dup ce e cumprat de Ioan Naco, n 1833, i s-au adugat n 1869 nc dou etaje, sub comanda arhitectului Pucher Jzsef, devenind astfel cel mai impozant palat privat din Pesta. Arhitecii Podului cu Lanuri au locuit n acest palat, Adam Clark nsui aici a terminat proiectul de construcie a podului. De asemenea, aici a locuit ntre 1835 1836, marele pictor al romantismului maghiar, Barabs Mikls, cel care a pictat cunoscutul portret al lui Emanuil Gojdu. La etajul nti al imobilului a avut sediu temporar i Asociaia tiinific Ungar (Magyar Tuds Trsasg). Palatul a rmas n proprietatea familiei Naco aproape patruzeci de ani. n 1880, Ioan Naco l-a vndut Societii de Asigurri Gresham. Palatul Naco a fost demolat n 1903. n locul lui s-a construit, n anul 1906, dup planurile lui Quittner Zsigmond, palatul n stil art nouveau Gresham, care exist i astzi, fiind una dintre cele mai valoroase cldiri din Budapesta. Palatul deinea cele mai vaste spaii de locuit din Budapesta (12 mii de metri ptrai), iglele unicate
most beautiful public square in Europe at that time, and he also designed many other buildings on the streets that met in this square. Here were situated the Diana baths (Diana-frd), in a building which later became Hotel Europa, and also here were situated the Lloyd and Naco palaces. Unfortunately these buildings were not kept until today. The splendid row of Classical palaces from Kirakod square was a clear expression of the affirmation tendency of the new class of merchants, industrialists and bankers. The building from the center was built by the wholesaler Deron Antal. Then it is purchased by Ioan Naco in 1833, and in 1869 there were added two levels under the surveliance of architect Pucher Jzsef, thereby becoming the most exuberant private palace from Pest. The architect of the Chain Bridge also lived in this palace, Adam Clark himself finalised the construction project of the bridge here. Between 1835 and 1836 lived here also the famous Hungarian romantic painter Barabs Mikls, who painted the well known portrait of Emanuil Gojdu. On the first floor of the building there also was the temporary headquarters of Hungarian Scientific Association (Magyar Tuds Trsasg). The palace remained in the property of the Naco family almost forty years. In 1880, Ioan Naco sold it to the English insurance society Gresham, who demolished the Naco palace in 1903. In 1906, following the plans of Quittner Zsigmond, the Gresham Palace was built in Art Nouveau style in its place, which exists also today, being one of the most valuable buildings in Budapest. The Palace was the building with the largest residential surface from Budapest (12 thousand square meters), the exclusive tiles with which it was covered came from the Zsolnay factory, and the stained glass windows

Ezen a tren volt tallhat a Diana-frd, a ksbbi Eurpa szll, a Lloyd- s a Nk-palota is. Sajnos ezek mr mind a mlt. Az j kereskedi, iparosi s bankri rteg reprezentcis ignyt fejezte ki a Kirakod tr pomps, kt-hromemeletes klasszicista palotasora. A tr hzsornak kzps plett Deron Antal nagykeresked pttette. 1833-ban vsrolta meg Nk Jnos, s miutn 1869-ben Pucher Jzsef ptsszel hromemeletesre bvttette, a palota Pest leglenygzbb magnpletnek szmtott. A Lnchd pti, maga Clark dm is a palota lakja volt, itt dolgozta ki a Lnchd vgleges terveit. Itt lakott tovbb 183536-ban a magyar romantika nagy festje, Barabs Mikls is, aki megfestette Gozsdu Man hres protrjt is. A Magyar Tuds Trsasg is e hz els emeletn tallt ideiglenes otthonra. A palota kzel 40 vig volt a Nk csald birtokban. 1880-ban Nk Jnos eladta az angol Gresham letbiztost Trsasgnak A Nk-palott 1903-ban bontottk le. Quittner Zsigmond tervei alapjn 1906-ban plt helyre a mig ll szecesszis Gresham-palota Budapest egyik legrtkesebb ingatlana, amely a vros egyik legnagyobb sszterlet lakhza volt (12 ezer ngyzetmter), egyedi burkollapjait a Zsolnaygyrban ksztettk, vegablakait Rth Miksa tervezte. 1912-ben a palota msodik emeletn rendeztk be a Budapesti Romn Konzultus hivatalt.

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38
35. Mahlknecht: Proiectul Podului cu lanuri Mahlknecht: Plan of the Chain Bridge Mahlknecht: Lnchdter v 36. Schoefft Jzsef: Contele Szchenyi Istvn Schoefft Jzsef: Count Szchenyi Istvn Schoefft Jzsef: Grf Szchenyi Istvn 37. Blazonul Szchenyi-Sina The Szchenyi-Sina blazon Szchenyi-Sina cmer 38. Podul cu lanuri The Chain Bridge Lnchd

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cu care era acoperit proveneau din fabrica Zsolnay iar vitraliile au fost concepute de Rth Miksa. n 1912, sediul Consulatului Romn la Budapesta se afla n acest palat, la etajul al doilea. Strmoii familiei Naco proveneau din Macedonia i au ajuns n sudul Ardealului trecnd prin ara Romneasc. Imensa lor avere se datora comerului cu porci i furnizrii de muniie n timpul campaniilor militare turceti i franceze. Numele primului strmo cunoscut este Cristoforos Dionisos Nacos, nnobilat n Ungaria cu numele de Nk, ca proprietar al moiilor de la Snnicolau Mare i Marienfeld (Szentmarja). (Numele de Nakos a fost la origine doar o porecl, nsemnnd om cu barb deas.) Despre bogiile familiei Naco circulau multe legende. Chiar i scriitorul Jkai Mr s-a inspirat din acestea, se spune c a luat drept model pentru personajul su din romanul Voievodul iganilor (Cignybr), un membru al familiei Naco. Vestitul tezaur de la Snnicolau-Mare, compus din douzeci i trei de obiecte de aur, a fost descoperit pe moia familiei Naco. Tezaurul, considerat timp ndelungat comoara lui Attila, se afl acum la Kunsthistorisches Museum din Viena, constituind i azi obiect al unor serioase dispute ntre oamenii de tiin. Familia Naco de origine macedoromn, a fost timp ndelungat una dintre familiile influente n Pesta i Viena. Strmoii lor, Cristofor i Chiril, s-au stabilit la Viena dar au achiziionat terenuri n comitatul Torontal, la Teremia i Snnicolau Mare. Cei doi frai Naco primesc diplom nobiliar n 1784, unde este specificat i numele moiei: Nagyszentmiklsi (de Snnicolau Mare). Peste puin timp, familia se scindeaz n dou ramuri: Naco Nagykomlsi (de Comloul Mare, n Banat) i familia Naco Nagyszentmiklsi (de Snnicolau Mare).
were designed by Rth Miksa. In 1912, the headquarters of the Romanian Consulate was in this palace, on the second floor. The ancestors of the Naco family came from Macedonia and arrived in the south of Transylvania after passing through Wallachia. Their huge fortune was due to commerce with swine and military supply during the Turkish and French military campaigns. The name of the first well-known ancestor was Cristoforos Dionisos Nacos, ennobled in Hungary with the name Nk, as the owner of estates from Snnicolau Mare and Marienfeld (Szentmarja). (The name of Nakos was only a nickname at the origin, meaning man with thick beard.) Many legends circulated about the wealth of the Naco family. Even writer Jkai was inspired by these, it is said that he took as a model for one of his characters in the novel Voievodul iganilor (The Gipsy Baron) one of the members of the Naco family. The famous treasure from Snnicolau-Mare, comprised of twenty-three gold objects, was discovered on the Naco family estate. The treasure, which was considered for a long while the treasure of Atilla, can be found today at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and is even today the object of serious debates between scientists. The Naco family, of Macedo-Romanian origin, was for a long time one of the influential families from Pest and Vienna. Their ancestors, Cristofo and Cyril, settled in Vienna, but acquired land in the county of Torontal, at Tirimia and Snnicolau Mare. The two brothers received the noble diploma in 1784, where there is specified also the estate name: Nagyszentmiklsi (of Snnicolau Mare). After a short while, the family splits up into two:

A Nk csald sei Macednibl szrmaztak, a Havasalfldn t vndoroltak Dl-Erdlybe. Hatalmas vagyonukat a trk s a francia hadjratok sorn sertskereskedssel s hadiszlltssal szereztk. Az els ismert sk neve Krisztoforosz Diogninosz Nakosz, aki magyar nemessget mr Nk nven kapott, a nagyszentmiklsi s szentmarjai uradalmak gazdjaknt. (A Nakosz eredetileg ragadvnynv volt, ami sr szakllt jelent.) A Nk csald gazdagsgrl legendk keringtek. Ez ragadta meg Jkai fantzijt is, aki az egyik Nkrl mintzta a Cignybr alakjt. A Nk-birtokon kerlt el a fldbl a hres, huszonhrom darabbl ll nagyszentmiklsi aranylelet. A sokig Attila kincsnek tartott, gyakori tudomnyos vitk trgyt kpez leletet ma a bcsi Kunsthistorisches Museumban rzik. Hossz ideig Pest s Bcs egyik befolysos csaldja volt a macedoromn szrmazs Nk csald. seik, Kristf s Cyrill mr bcsi lakosok, amikor megszerzik a Torontl vrmegyben tallhat Nagyteremit (Mriafld) s Nagyszentmiklst. A kt testvr 1784-ben nemesi cmert kapott s ehhez pedig a Nagyszentmiklsi elnevet. Nem sokkal ksbb kt gra vlt a csald: a nagykomlsi (bntkomlsi) s a nagyszentmiklsi Nkkra.

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Proprietarul palatului, Ioan Naco (18141889), nepotul lui Chiril, a fost un moier foarte nstrit. i-a cumprat un castel la Comlo (care mai exist n parte i astzi), dar avea cte un palat i la Viena i Pesta. Era foarte pasionat de teatru i nu a pregetat s consacre o parte din averea sa susinerii artei teatrale. A fondat un teatru chiar la castelul su, un unicat n ntreaga zon dintre Mure i cursul inferior al Dunrii. La teatrul de la castel se ddeau i reprezentaii de oper, erau invitai compozitori cunoscui din Italia, precum i un dirijor, n persoana lui Luigi Guglielmi. Despre spectacolele de la castel se scriau critici iar cronicarii vremii au menionat i faptul c, la unele spectacole, Ioan Naco era singurul spectator, adic organiza reprezentaiile numai pentru propria sa plcere. (De cele mai multe ori, ns, i invita i pe nobilii din vecintate). Ioan Naco era n stare s cltoreasc pn la Viena, la Pesta sau ntr-un alt ora, numai pentru a vedea vreo pies de teatru. El a fost prezent mpreun cu familia i cu prietenii, n 1872, cnd trupa de teatru Pascally din Bucureti, n turneu prin Ardeal, s-a oprit la Timioara pentru a da un spectacol. Marele poet romn, Mihai Eminescu fcea parte din aceast trup. Ioan Naco i-a invitat pe actorii romni s joace i n teatrul lui din Comloul Mare, iar trupa a acceptat invitaia. Contele Ioan Naco s-a ocupat i cu pictura. n prima jumtate a secolului al 19-lea, el realiza picturi n stil romantic. Peisajele sale au fost expuse la sediul Societii de creaie din Pesta (Pesti Megylet), ntre 18401842. Multe iniiative culturale romneti, srbeti i maghiare au fost susinute financiar i patronate de acest conte.
one branch of the Naco family becomes Nagykomlsi (of Comloul Mare, in Banat) and the other branch of Naco family becomes Nagyszentmiklsi (of Snnicolau Mare). The owner of the Ioan Naco palace (18141889), the grandson of Cyril, was a very wealthy landlord. He purchased himself a castle at Comlo (which exists in part till today), and also owned one palace in Vienna and another in Pest. He was very passionate about theater and did not hesitate to spent money on his hobby. To his name can be connected the sole Castle Theater that functioned on the area between river Mure and the Lower Danube. In the castle theater there were also played opera pieces, and for the musical performances the famous Italian conductor composer Luigi Guglielmi was contracted. Critics were written about the shows given at the castle in the press of the time and the chroniclers also mentioned the fact that Ioan Naco organized representations only for his personal pleasure (however most of the time he invited his neighboring landlords). Ioan Naco was even willing to travel all the way to Vienna, Pest or any other city, only to be able to see a theater play. In 1872 he was present with his family and friends, when the Pascally Theater Company from Bucharest were touring through Transylvania and stopped in Timioara to give a show. The famous Romanian poet, Mihai Eminescu was member of this company. Ioan Naco invited these Romanian actors to play in his theater from Comloul Mare, an invitation which was accepted. Count Ioan Naco was also a painter. In the first half of the 19th century he painted in the Romantic style. His landscapes were on display at the Polytechnic University from Pest between 1840 and 1842. Many Ro-

A palota tulajdonosa, Nk Jnos (18141889), Cyrill unokja, dsgazdag fldbirtokos volt. Komlson vett kastlyt (amelynek egy rsze ma is ll), de ezenkvl Bcsben s Pesten is tartott fenn palott. Szenvedlyesen hdolt a sznmvszetnek, s nem sajnlt vagyonbl is ldozni r. Az nevhez ktdik az egyetlen kastlysznhz a Marostl az Al-Dunig fekv terleten. A sznhzban operkat is jtszottak, a zens programokra pedig a neves olasz zeneszerz-karmestert, Luigi Guglielmit szerzdtettk. Az eladsokrl kritikk is megjelentek a korabeli sajtban, ugyanakkor a kor krniksai azt is feljegyeztk, hogy Nk Jnos kizrlag nmaga szrakoztatsra is szervezett darabokat, melyeket aztn egyedl nzett meg (ezekre, persze, legtbbszr meghvta a krnykbeli fldesurakat is). Egy szndarab kedvrt elutazott Bcsbe, Pestre vagy ms vrosba is. Csaldjval s bartaival egytt megjelent 1872-ben Temesvron is, ahol erdlyi turnja alkalmval a bukaresti Pascally sznmtrsulata jtszott. Akkortjt az egyik legnagyobb romn klt, Mihai Eminescu is a trsulatban szerepelt. Nk Jnos meginvitlta a romn sznszeket a nagykomlsi sznhzba jtszani, akik szvesen eleget tettek a meghvsnak. Grf Nk Jnos a kpzmvszetet is kedvelte s gyakorolta, sajt kpeit romantikus stlusban festette. Tjkpeit 18401842-ben mutatta meg a kznsgnek, a Pesti Megylet trlatain. Ezen tlmenen szmos romn, szerb s magyar kulturlis kezdemnyezst tmogatott.

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Palatul Academiei Ungare de tiine este de asemenea o cldire dominant n piaa Roosevelt. Familiile macedoromne au contribuit din plin la realizarea lui. Academia, aceast citadel a culturii maghiare, care avea ambiia de a orienta dezvoltarea economic, social i cultural a rii, nu avea un sediu permanent n anii 1850. ntre 182530, academicienii se ntruneau nc la Bratislava, n sala nobiliar. La Pesta, Academia nchiria cteva sli din palatul Naco, aici i inea biblioteca i erau organizate edinele directorilor i ale comisiilor. n 1859 s-a iniiat o colect public, la apelul lansat de contele Dessewffy Emil, preedintele Academiei din acel timp. ns, chiar nainte de nceperea colectei, pe data de 14 august 1858, baronul Simion Sina (18101876), membru al dinastiei macedoromne Sina, a donat optzeci de mii de forini, aceasta fiind prima i cea mai mare donaie pentru ridicarea edificiului Academiei. Baronul a redactat la Viena scrisoarea i Actul de constituire, prin care fixa condiiile de folosire a donaiei. Pentru recunoaterea meritelor sale, n 1858, Sina a fost ales membru al conducerii Academiei. Sina a susinut Teatrul Naional, acordnd subvenii chiar i pentru institutul de pensii al teatrului. A susinut material colecia de numismatic a Muzeului Naional, precum i pe unii pictori maghiari (Izs Mikls, Barabs Mikls). Pentru construirea cldirii Academiei de tiine a Ungariei, Biserica Macedoromn-Greac din Pesta a donat dou mii de forini. Multe alte donaii au fost oferite de ctre familiile de macedoromni. Simion Sina (17531822) sosise de la Moscopole nc n timpul Mariei Tereza i a ajuns la Viena, n
manian, Serbian and Hungarian cultural initiatives were supported financially and under the patronage of this Count. The palace of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences is also a dominant building in Roosevelt square. The Macedo-Romanian families contributed fully to its realization. This academy, the citadel of Hungarian culture, which had the ambition of orienting the economic, social and cultural development of the country, did not have a permanent headquarters even in the 1850s. Between 1825 and 1830, the academics were still meeting in Bratislava, in the Hall of Nobles. In Pest, the academy rented a couple of halls in the Naco palace, where they kept their library and where meetings of the directors and commissions were organized. In 1859 a public offertory was initiated, a call launched by Count Dessewffy Emil, president of the academy at that time. However, even before starting the offertory, on the 14th of August 1858, Baron Simion Sina (18101876), member of the Macedo-Romanian Sina dynasty, donated eighty thousand Forints, this being the first and biggest donation for the construction of the Academy building. The Baron drew up the letter and construction document in Vienna, through which he fixed the conditions of using the donation. To recognize his merits, in 1858, Sina was chosen as a member of the Academy management. Sina supported the National Theater, giving subsidiaries even to the theaters pension department. He made donations for the development of the numismatic collection of the National Museum, as well as for some Hungarian painters (Izs Mikls and Barabs Mikls). In order to support the construction of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Macedo-Romanian-Greek

A Roosevelt tr meghatroz pletnek szmtott a Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia palotja is, amelynek ltrehozsban komoly szerepet jtszottak a macedoromn csaldok is. A magyar kultra e fellegvrnak, amely az orszg gazdasgi, trsadalmi, kulturlis s tudomnyos fejldsnek szellemi irnytst tzte ki clul, mg az 1850-es vekben sem volt lland szkhelye. 1825-30 kztt az lseket Pozsonyban, a frendek termben tartottk. Pesten a kzeli Nk-palotban breltek helyisgeket, ezekben helyeztk el a knyvtrukat is, s ott tartottk meg az igazgatsgi s bizottsgi lseiket. 1859-ben gr. Dessewffy Emil, az MTA akkori elnke felhvsra kzadakozs indult. Mg a nyilvnos gyjts megindtsa eltt, 1858. augusztus 14-n tette meg a macedoromn szrmazs Sina-dinasztia tagja, br Sina Simon (18101876) a maga nyolcvanezer forintos felajnlst, amelyet az els s legnagyobb magnadomnyknt jegyeztek fel. A br levele s az adomny feltteleit rgzt Alaptlevl Bcsben rdott. rdemei elismerseknt, 1858-ban az Akadmia az igazgatsgi tagjai kz vlasztotta. Sina tmogatta a Nemzeti Sznhzat is, st annak nyugdjintzete szmra is adomnyozott. Adakozott tovbb a Nemzeti Mzeum remgyjtemnynek a gyaraptsra, juttatott magyar festk (Izs Mikls, Barabs Mikls) szmra is. A Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia ptst a pesti macedoromngrg egyhzkzsg ktezer forinttal tmogatta, s sok ms macedoromn famlia is adakozott a cl rdekben. Sina Simon (17531822) mg Mria Terzia idejn rkezett Moschopolisbl Bosznin t Bcsbe, a

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Imperiul Habsburgic, trecnd prin Bosnia. Era negustor n special de bumbac i tutun turcesc, din care a fcut o avere considerabil. Fiul lui, Gheorghe Sina (17831856), din averea adunat de tatl su, a construit o prestigioas banc. i el era mare negustor, dar n afar de bumbac i tutun, a tiut s se foloseasc i de oportunitile oferite de produsele ungureti. El vindea lna din Ungaria fabricilor cehe i morave i furniza tutun unguresc comercianilor francezi i italieni. nainte de a deveni bancher i antreprenor, s-a ocupat de construirea cilor ferate. n 1818 primete titlul de nobil n Ungaria, din 1832 titlul de baron n Austria. Numele lui s-a pstrat pentru posteritate i datorit faptului c a fost cel mai asiduu susintor al proiectelor contelui Szchenyi. A cumprat multe moii n Ungaria, ntinderea lor total fcea concuren domeniilor conilor de Eszterhzy. Avea palate n Viena, la Paris i pe Canale Grande, n Veneia. Purta de grij nu numai Academiei din Pesta, dar a construit o academie i la Atena, pentru greci, cu un milion de forini, i a cheltuit n jur de dou sute de mii de forini pentru a dota i a asigura funcionarea Observatorului astronomic din Atena. De asemenea, a susinut material multe evenimente de binefacere i numeroase iniiative culturale n Ungaria. Gsim numele lui printre sponsorii Muzeului Naional, ai Teatrului Naional, ai Cazinoului Naional, ai bazilicii Sfntul tefan, dar i printre fondatorii i sponsorii unor orfelinate, cree, spitale, bnci, societi de asigurri. I s-a decernat titlul de cetean de onoare n Buda, Arad i Seghedin. Numele su rmne nscris i n lumea literar i tiinific, de exemplu editarea ziarului Budapesti Szemle, redactat de Csengery Antal a pornit cu sprijinul lui. De asemenea, el era mecenatul i abonatul publicaiilor romneti din Pesta i
Church from Pest donated two thousand Forints. Many other donations were offered by Macedo-Romanian families. Simion Sina (17531822) arrived from Moscopole still in the time of Maria Teresa and arrived to Vienna, capital of the Habsburg Empire, passing through Bosnia. He was a merchant specialized in cotton and Turkish tobacco from which he made a considerable fortune. His son, Gheorghe Sina (17831856), built a huge bank from the fortune gathered by his father. He was also an important merchant, but besides cotton and tobacco, he knew how to take advantage of his opportunities tied to Hungarian products. He sold wool from Hungary to Czech and Moravian factories and provided Hungarian tobacco to French and Italian traders. Before becoming a banker and entrepreneur, he specialized in construction of railways. In 1818 he received the title of Nobile in Hungary and from 1832 title of Baron in Austria. His name was kept for posterity because of the fact that he was the most assiduous supporter of Count Szchenyis projects. He purchased many estates in Hungary, their total spread making even competition to the Eszterhzy Counts holdings. He had palaces in Vienna, Paris and on the Canale Grande in Venice. He took care not only of the Pest Academy, but built an academy in Athens for the Greeks with a million Forints and spent around two hundred thousand Forints for endowing and assuring the operation of the Astronomic Observatory in Athens. He also financially sustained many charity events and a number of cultural initiatives in Hungary. We find his name between the sponsors of the National Museum, National Theater, National Casino, Saint Stephens Basilica, but also between the founders and sponsors of some orphanages, nurseries, hospitals, banks and insurance societies. He was awarded the title of honorary citizen in

Habsburg Birodalomba. Fknt gyapottal s trk dohnnyal kereskedett, amibl szpen meggazdagodott. Fia, Sina Gyrgy (17831856) ebbl a vagyonbl teremtett hatalmas bankhzat. is nagykeresked volt, de a gyapot- s dohnyforgalmazson tl, a magyar termkekben rejl lehetsgeket is felfedezte. Az itteni gyapjt cseh s morva gyraknak, a magyar dohnyt pedig francia s olasz kereskedknek adta el. Mieltt bankr s vllalkoz lett, vasutakat is ptett. 1818-tl magyar nemes, 1832-tl osztrk s magyar br, fldesr lett egy szemlyben, Szchenyi terveinek leghathatsabb tmogatjaknt rta be a nevt a trtnelembe. Sok birtokot vsrolt Magyarorszgon, melyeknek egyttes nagysga vetekedett az Eszterhzy hercegek birtokainak kiterjedsvel. Palott tartott fenn Bcsben, Prizsban s Velencben a Canale Grande mentn is. Nemcsak a pesti akadmia sorst viselte a szvn: egymilli forintrt Athnban a grgknek is tudomnyos akadmit ptett, s mintegy ktszzezer forintot klttt az athni csillagvizsgl intzet berendezsre, fenntartsra. Magyar jtkony s kulturlis clokra is szvesen ldozott. A Nemzeti Mzeum, a Nemzeti Sznhz, a Nemzeti Kaszin, a Szent Istvn-bazilika, de rvahzak, blcsdk, krhzak, bankok, biztostintzetek alapti s tmogati kzt egyarnt tallkozunk a nevvel. Buda, Arad s Szeged vrosa dszpolgrsggal tntette ki. Nevt az irodalmi s a tudomnyos vilgban is bearanyozta, az tmogatsval indult meg pldul Csengery Antal szerkesztsben a Budapesti Szemle. A Pesten s Bcsben kiadott romn kiadvnyok megjelentetst szintn anyagilag segtette, azokra elfizetett.

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din Viena. Sponsorii principali ai edificrii Catedralei Romne Ortodoxe din Arad sunt familia Mocioni i bancherul de la Viena, Gheorghe Sina. Catedrala a fost proiectat de arhitectul Czigler Antal, din Arad, originar din Giula. Podul cu Lanuri pornete peste Dunre tot din piaa Roosevelt. Ideea construirii unui pod care s lege Buda i Pesta era prezent sub diferite forme pe agenda Locotenenei, nc din timpul domniei lui Iosif al II-lea (ncepnd din 17801790). Membrii Asociaiei pentru pod (Budapesti Hdegyeslet), constituite n 1832, l-au ascultat adnc impresionai pe groful Szchenyi Istvn, care a artat c podul n construcie era, pe deoparte, un monument industrial n domeniul transporturilor, iar pe de alt parte, o realizare tehnic deosebit de modern, deoarece cu zece ani nainte, nimeni nu ar fi putut construi un asemenea pod, nicieri n lume. Studiul pentru proiectul de construcie s-a ntocmit pe baza experienelor adunate de Szchenyi n Anglia. El l-a elogiat pe bancherul din Viena, Gheorghe Sina, pentru finanarea construciei, tot aa cum a elogiat personalitile care au avut un rol primordial n realizarea podului, n persoana a doi englezi cu acelai nume: proiectantul William Tierney Clark i arhitectul Adam Clark, cei care au supravegheat lucrrile de construcie la faa locului. Dieta a votat nceperea lucrrilor de construcie prin legea numrul XXVI. din 1836, iar acestea au nceput n 1839, piatra de temelie fiind depus de ctre comandantul austriac de oti din timpul rzboaielor napoleoniene, arhiducele Carol, pe data de 24 august 1842, n barajul de nchidere de pe malul dinspre Pesta. Suspendarea podului cu ajutorul lanurilor
Buda, Arad and Seghedin. His name remains written in the literary and scientific world as well, for example, the editing of the newspaper Budapesti Szemle, drawn up by Csengery Antal, started with his support. Also, he was the patron and subscriber of Romanian publications in Pest and Vienna. The main sponsors of the Romanian Orthodox Cathedral construction in Arad are the Mocioni family and the banker from Vienna, Gheorge Sina. The cathedral was designed by the architect Czigler Antal from Arad who originated from Giula. Chain Bridge starts over the Danube from Roosevelt Square. The idea of building a bridge that ties Buda and Pest was present in different forms on the agendas of the Council of Governors since the reign of Josef the second (from 1780 to 1790). Members of the Bridge Association, formed in 1832, listened deeply impressed to Count Szchenyi Istvn, which demonstrated that the bridge under construction was, on one hand, an element of infrastructure for the transportation activity, and on the other hand, an outstanding modern technical achievement, because ten years before, nobody could have built such a bridge anywhere in the world. The construction project study was prepared on the base of the experiences gathered by Szchenyi in England. He selected as financer of the works banker Gheorge Sina from Vienna, as well as the engineers with major role in the implementation of the project, two English men with similar family names, architect William Tierney Clark and site engineer Adam Clark, who supervised the construction on location. The Diet voted the start of the construction through law no. XXVI. from 1836, and the works started in 1839, the cornerstone being placed on 24 August 1842 in the dam closure on the bank of the Pest side by the Austrian commander of Army from the time of the Napoleonic wars, Archduke Carol. The suspension of the bridge, aided by chains, was realized in

Az aradi Romn Ortodox Szkesegyhz ptsben a f tmogati szerepet a Mocsonyi csald s a bcsi illetsg Sina Gyrgy bankr vllaltk magukra. Az ptsi terveket a gyulai szrmazs, Aradon mkd Czigler Antal ptsz ksztette. A Roosevelt tren van a Lnchd pesti hdfje is. A Budt s Pestet sszekt hd gondolata mr II. Jzsef uralkodstl (17801790-tl) kezdden valamilyen formban mindig szerepelt a Helytarttancs napirendjn. Az 1832-ben ltrehozott Budapesti Hdegyeslet tagjai lenygzve hallgattk grf Szchenyi Istvn fejtegetst arrl, hogy az pl hd egyfell kzlekedsi mtrgy, msfell fantasztikusan modern mszaki alkotmny, amelyet tz vvel korbban sehol a vilgon nem lehetett volna mg felpteni. A tervtanulmny Szchenyi angliai tapasztalatgyjtse alapjn kszlt. vlasztotta ki a finanszrozt, Sina Gyrgy bcsi bankrt, csakgy, mint a megvalsts kulcsembereit, kt nvrokon angol mrnkembert: a tervez William Tierney Clarkot s a munklatokat a helysznen irnyt Clark dmot. Az orszggyls az 1836. vi XXVI. trvnycikkben adta ldst a vllalkozsra, az ptkezs 1839-ben kezddtt, s az alapkvet 1842. augusztus 24-n a napleoni hbork jeles osztrk hadvezre, Kroly fherceg tette le a pesti oldal zrgtjban. A lncok kifesztse 1848 nyarn trtnt meg. A ksz Lnchdon Szchenyi mr nem mehetett t. A sors kegyetlen jtka, hogy a hidat 1849. november 20-n a

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39. Rudolf von Alt-Franz Sandmann: Podul cu lanuri i cetatea, 1846 Rudolf von Alt-Franz Sandmann: The Chain Bridge and the fortress, 1846 Rudolf von Alt-Franz Sandmann: A Lnchd s a vr, 1846 40. Podul cu lanuri The Chain Bridge Lnchd 41. Blazonul familiei Sina Sina family crest Sina csald cmere

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s-a realizat n vara anului 1848. Szchenyi ns nu a mai putut trece peste Podul cu lanuri finalizat. Destinul necrutor a fcut ca pe data de 20 noiembrie 1849 podul s fie inaugurat i deschis pentru circulaie de ctre generalul Julius Haynau, comandant suprem al mpratului n timpul sngeroaselor aciuni de rzbunare dup lupta pentru independen. Cu toate acestea, opera de art i-a ndeplinit misiunea istoric, de a uni cele dou orae surori. Pe pilonul podului s-a ncrustat cu litere de aur numele lui Szchenyi i, alturi, pe merit, i cel al macedoromnului Gheorghe Sina.

Piaa Petfi
Grecii i macedoromnii din Pesta i-au construit biserica de pe malul Dunrii, aceasta devenind una dintre cldirile cele mai renumite din Pesta. Cele o sut aptezeci i nou de familii de greci i macedoromni, care au donat bani, la sfritul secolului al 18-lea, pentru construirea bisericii, aparineau pturii celei mai bogate din ora, fcuser averi fabuloase din comerul pe Dunre. Aceast ilustr colonie, de altfel, numra mai mult de ase sute de suflete. Aceti ortodoci i-au fondat parohia n 1788, cu numele de Graeco-valachica comunitatis Pestiensis. Locotenena i-a dat acordul pentru construirea bisericii n 1790. Sub conducerea bogatului negustor macedoromn Dumitru Arghir s-a cumprat terenul de la piariti, aflat n strada numit pe atunci Kis. Aici se afla, pn n 1937, Curtea greceasc, centrul grecilor din Pesta. Planurile de construcie ale bisericii au fost ntocmite de Jung Jzsef. Locotenena
the summer of 1848, however, Szchenyi was not able to cross over the finalized Chain Bridge. On the 20th of November 1849, relentless destiny made that the bridge was inaugurated and opened for circulation by General Julius Haynau, Supreme Commander of the Emperial Army during the bloody actions of revenge after the War for Independence. Nevertheless, the artwork accomplished its historical mission, to unify the two sister cities. On the pillar of the bridge, the name of Szchenyi was written with golden letters and next to it, deservedly, the name of the Macedo-Romanian Gheorghe Sina.

Petfi Square
The Greeks and Macedo-Romanians from Pest built their Church on the bank of the Danube, this becoming one of the most renowned buildings from Pest. The one hundred and seventy nine families of Greeks and Macedo-Romanians that donated money, at the end of the 18th century, for the construction of the Church belonged to the richest social class of the city, by making enormous fortunes from trade on the Danube. This illustrious colony is counted as more than six hundred souls. These Orthodox people founded their Parish in 1788, with the name of Graeco-Valachica Comunitatis Pestiensis. The council of governors gave their agreement to the construction of the Church in 1790. Under the leadership of the rich Macedo-Romanian merchant Dumitru Arghir, the land, located in the then called Kis Street, was purchased from Piarists. Located here until 1937 was the Greek Garden, the center for Greeks in Pest. The construction plans of the Church were prepared by architect

szabadsgharcrt kegyetlen vrbosszt ll csszri fparancsnok, Julius Haynau tborszernagy adhatta t a forgalomnak. A jeles m azonban gy is betlthette trtnelmi hivatst az ikervrosok egybekovcsolsban. A hd pillrjre aranybetkkel vstk r Szchenyi s mell mltn a macedoromn Sina nevt is.

Petfi tr
A pesti grgk s macedoromnok itt ptettk fel igen nevezetes pletket, Duna parti templomukat. Az a szzhetvenkilenc grg s macedoromn csald, amely a 18. szzad vgn pnzt adott a templom ltestsre, a vros leggazdagabb rteghez tartozott, jelents vagyonra tett szert a dunai kereskedelembl. Ez a jeles kolnia egybknt akkor tbb mint hatszz ft szmllt. Egyhzkzsgket 1788-ban alaptottk meg Graeco-valachica comunitatis Pestiensis nven. A Helytarttancstl 1790-ben kaptak engedlyt a templomptsre. A gazdag macedoromn keresked, Argiri Demeter vezetsvel a piaristktl vsroltak telket az akkori Kis utcban. Itt llt 1937-ig a Grg-udvar, a pesti grgk kzpontja. A templom terveit Jung Jzsef ksztette el. A Helytarttancs tiltotta a tl magas tornyokat, ezrt zrdtak eredetileg lapos glval. 1791-ben tettk le az alapkvet, de az ptkezs

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42. Biserica greac-romn de pe Aldunasor The Greek Romanian church from Aldunasor/ Lower Danube Lane Grg-romn templom az Aldunasoron 43. Piaa Petfi i biserica greceasc n anii 1890 The Petfi Square and the Greek church in the 1890s Petfi tr a grg templommal, 1890 -es vek 44. Iconostasul bisericii The iconostas of the church A templom ikonosztsza

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a interzis construirea unor turnuri prea nalte, de aceea, iniial, turnurile bisericii se terminau n nite piramide plate. Piatra de temelie a fost depus n 1791, dar construcia nu a durat, aa cum era prevzut, numai trei ani, ci, din cauza unor dispute de decont ale comunitii greceti, nu a fost finalizat dect dup zece ani. Sculpturile n lemn de o rar frumusee, ca, de exemplu, iconostasul din altar, au fost executate de Joannovics (dup alte surse, Jankovitz) Mikls, unul dintre maetrii cei mai renumii ai sculpturii baroce n lemn. Artistul s-a nscut pe insula Naxosz aa cum el ne informeaz prin siglele cu care i-a semnat opera, dar lucra de o bun vreme n Ungaria, mai nti n regiunea Szerm, iar apoi la Eger. El a sculptat deasupra porilor mprteti ale iconostasului i doi porumbei, simboliznd acordul total dintre credincioii greci i cei macedoromni. Ulterior ns, o aprig ceart s-a iscat din cauza acestor porumbei i, n 1806, episcopul din Buda a dat ordin ca porumbeii s fie ndeprtai, spunnd c nicio sculptur nu i are locul ntr-o biseric ortodox. Perechea de porumbei se afl astzi la Miskolc, la muzeul artei bisericeti ortodoxe. Dar porumbeii au devenit att de faimoi, nct un negustor grec care vindea postavuri n strada Kis, unde se afla acea Curte greceasc, i-a ales ca firm un porumbel i, nu peste mult timp, chiar i strada a fost denumit de ctre locuitorii din Pesta strada Porumbelului (Galamb), cum se numete i acum. Picturile de pe iconostas nu au fost realizate dect dup trnosirea bisericii (dup 1801). Maestrul vienez Kuchelmeister a pictat n total optzeci de icoane mai mici i mai mari. Se spune c faza urmtoare, aurirea, a costat att de mult, nct un husar ar fi putut fi finanat din banii aceea timp de zece ani (costul a fost, de altfel, unul redus, fa de celelalte).
Jung Jzsef. The governing council prohibited the construction of high towers, and for that reason, initially, the towers of the Church were finished in flat pyramids. The cornerstone was filled in 1791, but the construction did not take three year as initially planned, instead, due to some accounting disputes in the Greek community, the construction was finalized after ten years. The wooden sculptures of a rare beauty, for example the iconostasis from the altar, were sculpted by Joannovics (Jankovitz by other sources) Mikls, one of the most famous masters of baroque wood sculpture. The artist was born on the island of Naxos as he informs us by the logos signed on his works. He was working in Hungary for a good time, first in the Szerem region and then in Eger. Above the royal gates of the iconostasis, he also sculpted two pigeons symbolizing the total agreement between the faithful Greeks and Macedo-Romanians. Afterwards, however, a fierce quarrel arose because of these pigeons and in 1806, the bishop from Buda gave order that the pigeons should be removed, reasoning that no laic sculpture has its place in a Orthodox Church. The pair of pigeons can be found today in the Art Museum of the Orthodox Church in Miskolc. The pigeons became so famous that even a Greek cloth merchant from Kiss Street, where the Greek Garden was located, chose as his logo a pigeon, and not after a long time, even the Street was named by the residents from Pest, Pigeon (Galamb) Street, just as it is called today. The paintings from the iconostas were not finalized until after the dedication of the Church (after 1801). The Viennese master Kuchelmeister painted in total eighty icons, small and large. It is said that the next phase, gilding, costed so much, that a Husar could have been financed for ten years from that money (this cost item being one of the lowest). The appropriate towers for

az ptsz s a grg kzssg elszmolsi viti miatt a tervezett hrom v helyett tzig tartott. A templombels ma is pazar szpsg faragvnyait, pldul az oltr mgtti ikonosztzt, Joannovics (ms olvasatok szerint Jankovitz) Mikls, a barokk faszobrszat egyik legjelentsebb mestere ksztette. A mvsz Naxosz szigetn szletett mint ezt tudatja is mve szignjban , de ekkor mr j ideje Magyarorszgon dolgozott, elbb a Szermsgben, majd Egerben. Az ikonosztz kirlykapuja fl kt galambot is faragott, amelyek a grg s a macedoromn hvek testvri egyetrtst szimbolizltk. Ksbb ebbl a dszbl nagy perpatvar kerekedett, s 1806-ban a budai pspk leszereltette, mondvn: faragott kpet nem lehet ortodox templomban kitenni. A galambprt ma a miskolci grgkeleti egyhzmvszeti mzeumban rzik. A madarak azonban olyan hrre tettek szert, hogy a Kis utcban ahol az a bizonyos Grg udvar llt egy posztt rul grg keresked a galambot vlasztotta cgrl, s ennek nyomn nemsokra az utct is Galamb utcnak kezdtk nevezni a pestiek. gy hvjk ma is. Az ikonosztz festmnyei csak a felszentels utn (1801) kerltek a falra. Kuchelmeister bcsi mester sszesen nyolcvan kisebb-nagyobb ikont ksztett. Ezt kvette az aranyozs, amelyre lltlag annyit kltttek, hogy abbl tz vig lehetett volna eltartani egy huszrt (s ez volt klnben az egyik legkisebb kltsgttel). A templom csak 1873-ban kapta meg az plethez mlt toronycscsait, amelyeket Ybl Mikls tervezett. Ezek kzl ma csak az egyik lthat, mert a templom dli tornya a II. vilghborban

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Turnurile potrivite pentru aceast biseric, proiectate de Ybl Mikls, i-au fost adugate abia n 1873. Turnul sudic a fost apoi distrus n timpul celui de-al doilea Rzboi Mondial, n prezent se lucreaz la reconstruirea sa. Dup ce biserica a fost ridicat, Arghir a fost ales epitrop principal, iar Anastasiu Pellanga epitrop secund. Biserica i zona care o nconjoar au devenit centrul coloniei ortodoxe din Pesta. Dar, ncepnd din 1812, grecii i macedoromnii i ineau deja slujbele separat, iar din 1888, cele dou etnii, care construiser biserica mpreun, s-au separat n urma unor litigii care au escaladat n timp. Procesele de judecat au fost finanate de Alexandru Mocioni. Pn la urm, n 1888, romnii s-au mutat ntr-una din casele Fundaiei Gojdu, pe strada Holl. ntre 18081888, coala Romneasc normal din libera i criasca cetate din Pesta a funcionat n imobilul din spatele bisericii, pe strada Porumbelului (Galamb). Tot aici se aflau i locuinele dasclilor i ale preoilor romni. Aceast zon purta numele de Curtea greceasc. Locotenena a numit n noiembrie 1815 Deputia fondurilor coalelor naionale de rit ortodox, instituie nfiinat prin rescript imeperial-regal, a crei datorie era de a susine bugetar funcionarea colilor ortodoxe din Ungaria. Conducerea Deputiei a fost preluat mai trziu de Uroevici Nestorovici. Tot n 1815, femeile macedoromne din Pesta, n frunte cu Elena Grabovschi, au constituit Societatea cultural a femeilor romne din Pesta, avnd ca scop principal crearea i susinerea unei fundaii pentru coala romneasc de aici, n vederea gestionrii i funcionrii nvmntului. Dup absolvirea colii

this Church were designed by Ybl Mikls, and were added only in 1873. The southern tower was destroyed in the time of the Second World War, which presently is being reconstructed. After the Church was raised, Arghir was chosen the principal trustee and Anasztaz Pellanga the second trustee. The Church and the surrounding area became the centre of the Orthodox colony from Pest. From 1812, the Greeks and Macedo-Romanians had already began to keep their services separately, and from 1888, the two ethnicities which build the church together separated following some litigations which escalated with time. Alexandru Mocioni financed the judicial process. In the end, in 1888, the Romanians moved to one of the Gojdu Foundation mansions on Holl Street. Between 1808 and 1888, the Normal Romanian School from the Free and Royal City in Pest was operating in a property behind the Church on Pigeons Street (Galamb). Also here, the housing for the teachers and the Romanian priests was located. This area held the name of the Greek Garden The Governing Council appointed in November of 1815 a committee for administration of the funds for the Orthodox Church (Grgkeleti Iskolai Alapokat kezel Bizottsg). The leadership of this committee was later taken over by Uroevici Nestorovici. Also in 1815, the Macedo-Romanian women from pest, lead by Elena Grabovschi, founded the Cultural Society of Romanian Women in Pest, its primary purpose being the creation and support of a foundation for the Romanian School in Pest and overseeing the management and functioning of education. After graduating confessional school, starting with the 70s of the 18th century, more and more

elpusztult, s helyrelltsa nemrg kezddtt el. Amikor a templom teljesen elkszlt, az egyhzkzsg Argirit vlasztotta meg f-, Pellanga Anasztzt pedig msodgondnokv. A templom s a templomot krllel terlet lett a pesti kolnia kzpontja. A grgk s a macedoromnok 1812-tl mr kln tartottk a szertartsaikat, s 1888-tl hossz pereskedssel vlt szt a templomot mg egytt pt kt nemzetisg. A perkltsgeket Mocsonyi Sndor fedezte. 1888-ban a romnok a Gozsdu Alaptvny egyik hzba, a Holl utcba kltztek. 1808-1888 kztt a templom hta mgtt, a Galamb utcban mkdtt a coala Romneasc normal n libera i kriasca cetate din Pesta elnevezs romn iskola. Itt rendeztk be a romn tantk s papok laksait is, s neveztk Grg-udvarnak. A Helytarttancs 1815. november 21-n fellltotta a Grgkeleti Iskolai Alapokat kezel Bizottsgot. Ennek a hivatalnak a vezetst Urosevici Nestorovici vette t. Ugyancsak 1815-ben a pesti macedoromn nk, Helena Grabovszkyval az len, megalaktottk a Romn nk kulturlis trsasgt, amelynek legfbb cljai kztt szerepelt az itteni romn iskolai alap ltrehozsa s gyaraptsa az iskola fenntartsa s mkdtetse rdekben. A tehetsgesebb grg s macedoromn gyerekek a 18. szzad 70-es veitl, a romn gyerekek pe-

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confesionale, ncepnd din anii 70 ai secolului al 18-lea, copiii cei mai talentai, greci i macedoromni, apoi, ncepnd de la mijlocul secolului al 19-lea, cei mai talentai copii romni, studiau n numr din ce n ce mai mare la gimnaziul piarist din Pesta. Unii dintre ei au ajuns nali demnitari de stat.

Strada Pesti Barnabs

Cldirea din strada Pesti Barnabs numrul 2 a fost construit ntre 17551756, de Pterffy Jnos, asesor al Curii de Apel, n locul casei lui Proberger Jakab marele ef al primei bresle a berarilor. Acesta este singurul monument al arhitecturii baroce laice din Pesta, care mai exist i azi. Modernizarea planului de urbanizare a centrului oraului din secolul urmtor a decis asupra sorii caselor mai vechi cu unul sau dou etaje, din strzile mai nguste, considernd c mpiedic dezvoltarea oraului. Ultimele palate baroce au fost demolate la mijlocul secolului al 20-lea. Singura excepie a fost palatul Pterffy, un palat mai modest ca mrime, proiectat de Mayerhoffer Andrs. Vduva lui Pterffy, Nefferer Katalin, a lsat motenire acest palat, n 1782, baroanei Oberg Antnia, care l-a vndut, n 1800, pentru douzeci i ase de mii de forini, negustorului grec Konstantin Macsenka. Vduva acestuia s-a cstorit apoi cu negustorul Atanasie Grabovschi, iar cldirea a rmas n proprietatea familiei pn n 1888, cnd crciumarul Kriszt Ferenc a cumprat imobilul. La mijlocul anilor 1930, Wydler Kroly a devenit noul proprietar, reconstruind n 1938 acest palat n care, la sfritul secolului al 18-lea, se afla deja un
of the most talented Greek and Macedo-Romanian children, then starting from the mid-19th century more and more of the most talented Romanian children, studied in the Piarist secondary school from Pest. Some of them became high dignitaries of state.

Pesti Barnabs Street

The building from No. 2 Pesti Barnabs Street was built between 17551756 by Pterffy Jnos, assessor of the Court of Appeals, in the place of Proberger Jakabs house grand chief of the first brewers guild from Pest. This is the only monument of Secular Baroque Architecture style in Pest which still exists today. The modernization of the urbanization plan for the center of the city from the next century decided the fate of the older houses with one or two floors, from the narrower Streets, considering that it prevented the development of the city. The last Baroque palaces were demolished in the middle of the 20th century. The only exception was the Pterffy palace, modest in terms of size designed by architect Mayerhoffer Andrs. The widow of Pterffy, Nefferer Katalin, left this palace as inheritance in 1782 to Baroness Oberg Antnia who sold it in 1800 for twenty six thousand forints to the Greek merchant Konstantin Macsenka. Later, his widow married to the merchant Atanasie Grabovschi, and the building stayed in the family till 1888 when the innkeeper Kriszt Ferenc purchased the property. In the middle of the 1930s, Wydler Kroly became the new owner, rebuilding in 1938 this palace in which already at the end of the 18th century a pub was located. The restaurant of Hasslinger, named Buda Vroshoz/At Buda

dig a 19. szzad kzeptl, az egyhzkzsgi iskola befejezse utn mind nagyobb szmban ltogattk a pesti piarista gimnziumot. Kzlk ksbb tbben magas kzjogi tisztsgeket tltttek be.

Pesti Barnabs utca

A Pesti Barnabs utca 2. szm pletet Proberger Jakab, az els pesti serfz ch fchmesternek hza helyre Pterffy Jnos tltblai lnk pttette 1755-tl 1756-ig. Ez az plet a pesti barokk vilgi ptszet gyszlvn egyetlen fennmaradt emlke. A Belvros rendezse ugyanis az elz szzadforduln megpecstelte az egy- vagy ktemeletes, szkebb utckba plt rgies hzak sorst, mivel tjban lltak a vros terjeszkedsnek. Az utols barokk palotkat a 20. szzad kzepn bontottk el. Kivtelt csak ez, a Mayerhoffer Andrs ltal tervezett, szerny mret Pterffy-palota jelentett. Pterffy zvegye, Nefferer Katalin az pletet 1782-ben vgrendeletileg Oberg Antnia brnre hagyta, aki 1800-ban huszonhatezer forintrt eladta Macsenka Konstantin grg kereskednek. Az zvegye ment frjhez Grabovszky Athanz kereskedhz, s az plet 1888-ig e csald tulajdonban maradt. Tlk Kriszt Ferenc vendgls vsrolta meg az ingatlant. Az 1930-as vek kzepn Wydler Kroly lett az j tulajdonos, aki 1938-ban helyrelltotta az pletet, amelyben mr a 18. szzad vgn kocsma mkdtt. 1831-ben itt nylt meg a Hasslinger-fle, Buda Vroshoz cmzett vendgl. 1864-tl 1941-ig a Kriszt csald hrom genercija vezette kezdetben Fehr Haj, majd Kriszt nven, 1923-tl is-

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45. Fosta cas Grabovschi Restaurantul de 100 de ani Former Grabovschi house the 100 -year-old Restaurant Volt Grabovszk y hz 100 ves tterem 46. Knopp Imre: Fosta cas Grabovschi (Kriszt), n anii 1900 Knopp, Imre: Kriszt (former Grabovszk y) house, 1900 Knopp Imre: Kriszt (volt Grabovszk y) hz, 1900 -as vek 47. Cripta familiei Grabovschi i mormntul lui Atanasie, n cimitirul Kerepesi The grave of the Grabovschi family and of Atanasie in Kerepesi Cemeter y Grabovszk y csald s Athanz srja a Kerepesi temetben

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local, o crm. Restaurantul lui Hasslinger, numit La cetatea Buda, s-a deschis aici n 1831. ntre 18641941, restaurantul a funcionat timp de trei generaii n administraia familiei Kriszt, la nceput cu numele de Corabia alb (Fehr Haj), mai trziu ca restaurantul Kriszt, iar din 1923 din nou sub firma La cetatea Buda (Buda Vroshoz). Hanul i restaurantul aveau mare cutare cu ocazia trgurilor care se organizau la fiecare sfrit de sptmn n piaa Primriei, piaa din faa cldirii. n timpul zilei, restaurantul era frecventat de comercianii din pia, iar seara, de nobilii i cetenii elegani din ora. n 1931, cu ocazia centenarului, restaurantului i s-a dat numele de Restaurantul de 100 de ani (100 ves tterem) i s-a pus i o plac comemorativ cu aceast ocazie, pe peretele din exterior. De la nceputul secolului al 19-lea, Atanasie Grabovschi (17791840) organiza n aceast cas un salon literar, avnd printre invitaii permaneni pe Petru Maior, Samuil Micu-Clain, Gheorghe incai, Dinicu Golescu, Zaharia Carcalechi, Dimitrie ichindeal, Teodor Aaron, Damaschin Bojinc, Moise Nicoar, Eftimie Murgu, Emanuil Gojdu i nc muli alii. Proprietarul ntreinea relaii strnse cu scriitorii din Moldova i ara Romneasc, n special cu Dinicu Golescu. Cu timpul, mai muli studeni romni ai Universitii din Pesta frecventau salonul Grabovschi, unde se purtau discuii serioase de literatur, istorie, religie i se ineau conferine. Toi scriitorii i gnditorii mai renumii din acele timpuri s-au perindat prin acest salon. Aici s-a conturat i a prins via micarea naional romn din Pesta. Ideile celor care frecventau salonul au fost publicate n revista de literatur Biblioteca romneasc. Dintre colaboratorii revistei, muli au devenit mai trziu literai romni de renume, conductori poliCity, was opened here in 1831. Between 18641941, the restaurant operated for three generations under the administration of the Kriszt family, at first with the name White Ship (Fehr Haj), later as the restaurant Kriszt, and from 1923 again under the firm At Buda City (Buda Vroshoz). The Inn and restaurant flourished by the time when the weekly market was set up in the City Hall Square, being visited at daytime by merchants and at night, by the nobles and elegant citizens of the city. In 1931, with the occasion of its centenary, the restaurant was named as 100 years old. A commemorative plaque was placed with this occasion on the exterior wall. From the beginning of the 19th century, Atanasie Grabovschi (17791840) organized a literary salon in this house, having constantly invited Petru Maior, Samuil Micu-Clain, Gheorghe incai, Dinicu Golescu, Zaharia Carcalechi, Dimitrie ichindeal, Teodor Aaron, Damaschin Bojinc, Moise Nicoar, Eftimie Murgu, Emanuil Gojdu and many others. The owner kept close relations with the writers from Moldova and the Wallachia, especially with Dinicu Golescu. In the meantime, more and more Romanian university students in Pest attended the Grabovschi salon, where serious debates took place about literature, history, religion and also conferences were held. All the famous writers and thinkers of the time showed up at this salon. The Romanian movement in Pest was outlined and brought to life here. The ideas of the salons recurrent visitors were published in the literary magazine Romanian Library by publicists, which had personalities and later became renowned Romanian literates, political leaders, professors, lawyers and journalists. Grabovschi had a very rich library, he was a subscriber to magazines and books published in the Romanian Kingdom. The Romanian Academy keeps even today several manuscripts from the Grabovschi literary fund.

mt Buda Vroshoz cgrezve. A fogad s vendgl akkor lte aranykort, amikor az eltte elterl rgi Vroshz tren mkdtt a hetipiac. Nappal a piaci rusok, este a vros elkel urai s polgrai ltogattk. Az 1931. vi centenriumon vette fel az tterem a 100 ves nevet, s emlktblt is avattak az vfordul alkalmbl. A 19. szzad elejtl Grabovszky Athanz e hzban mkdtt egy romn irodalmi szalon, melynek lland vendgei kztt ismert szemlyisgeket tallunk: Petru Maiort, Samuil Micu-Claint, Gheorghe incait, Dinicu Golescut, Zaharie Carcalechit, Dimitrie ichindealt, Teodor Aaront, Damaschin Bojinct, Moise Nicoart, Eftimie Murgut, Emanuil Gojdut s mg sokan msokat. A hz ura nagyon j kapcsolatot polt a moldvai s havasalfldi rkkal is, fleg Dinicu Golescuval. Idvel a pesti egyetem romn dikjai kzl is tbben ltogattk a Grabovszky-szalont, ahol komoly irodalmi, trtnelmi, egyhzi vitkat s tancskozsokat tartottak. Megfordult itt a kor minden jelentsebb rja s gondolkodja. Ebben az pletben krvonalazdott s ersdtt meg a pesti romn nemzeti mozgalom is. Eszmiket abban a Biblioteca romneasc (Romn knyvtr) cm irodalmi folyiratban kzltk, amelynek publicisti kztt a ksbbi nagynev romn irodalmrok, politikai vezetk, tanrok, jogszok s jsgrk egyarnt feltntek. Grabovszky nagyon gazdag knyvtrat gyjttt ssze, regti lapokra s knyvekre is elfizetett. A Romn Tudomnyos Akadmia ma is sok Grabovszky-hagyatkbl szrmaz kziratot riz.

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tici, profesori, juriti i ziariti. Grabovschi avea o bibliotec foarte bogat, era abonat la reviste i cri publicate n Regatul Romniei. Academia Romniei pstreaz i astzi foarte multe manuscrise din fondul Grabovschi. Cldirea are o semnificaie i pentru Biserica Romn Ortodox din Transilvania i din Ungaria. Aici a trit ntre anii 18231829 i Atanasiu aguna (care, mai trziu, adopt numele de Andrei aguna), episcopul Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne din Transilvania i Ungaria nepotul proprietarului casei n perioada cnd i fcea studiile liceale i pe cnd era student la drept.

Strada Nyry Pl
Redacia revistei Familia, situat n imobilul de la numrul 4, strada Nyry Pl (col cu strada Vci) a fost fondat de Iosif Vulcan, precum ne amintete placa n limbile romn i maghiar de pe zidul casei. Vulcan (18411907) era publicist, redactor al revistei, scriitor, traductor, organizator de evenimente literare. S-a nscut ntr-o familie de preoi greco-catolici. Tatl, Nicolae Vulcan, a fost preot greco-catolic la Holod, Leta Mare i Oradea. Mama, Victoria Irinyi, provenea din familia Irinyi (Irimie). Unchii lui, revoluionarul paoptist Iosif Irinyi i inventatorul chibritului, Ioan Irinyi, sunt personaliti cunoscute ale istoriei maghiare. Iosif Vulcan i-a petrecut copilria la Leta Mare. Din 1865, a scos, nti la Pesta, apoi, din 1880, la Oradea, revista Familia, al crui redactor a rmas pn la moarte. Pe data de 9 martie 1866, n aceast revist a aprut celebra poezie a celui mai mare poet al romnilor, cu titlul
The building is important also for the Romanian Church in Transylvania and in Hungary. Atanasiu aguna lived here between 182 and 1829 (who later adopted the name Andrei Saguna), bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church from Transylvania and Hungary grandson of the house owner by the time he completed his high school studies and was a law student.

Nyry Pl Street
The Editorial of Familia magazine, located in property No. 4 Nyry Pl Street (coner with Vci Street) was founded by Iosif Vulcan, as can be seen on the plaque on the outer wall of the building in both the Romanian and Hungarian languages. Vulcan (18411907) was a publicist, editor of the magazine, writer, translator, and organizer of literary events. He was born in a family of Greek-Catholic priests. His father Nicolae Vulcan, was a Greek-Catholic priest in Holod, Leta Mare and Oradea. Mother, Victoria Irinyi, came from the Irinyi (Irimie) family. His uncles, fourty-eighter revolutionary Iosif Irinyi, and the inventor of the match, Ioan Irinyi, were well known personalities of Hungarian history. Iosif Vulcan spent his childhood in Letea Mare. From 1865 he launched, at first in Pest and then, in 1880 in Oradea the magazine Familia, working as its editor until the end of his days. On March 9, 1866 there appeared in the magazine the poem of the greatest Romanian poet with the title If I have. The young poet was then named Eminovici, but after the advice of Vulcan, the mentor who released him as a poet, he changed his name to Eminescu. Iosif Vulcan did not publish works only in Romanian

Az plet az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn egyhz szempontjbl is nevezetes. Atanasiu Saguna (ksbb felvett nevn Andrei aguna), az erdlyi s magyarorszgi Romn Ortodox Egyhz rseke a hztulajdonos unokaccse gimnziumi s jogi tanulmnyai idejn, 18231829 kztt szintn itt lt.

Nyry Pl utca
A Nyry Pl u. 4-ben (a Vci utcai sarkon) mkdtt a Iosif Vulcan alaptotta Familia folyirat szerkesztsge. Errl a hz faln romn s magyar nyelv emlktbla tanskodik. Vulcan (18411907), aki publicista, lapszerkeszt, r, mfordt s irodalomszervez volt egyszemlyben, grg katolikus lelkszi csaldban szletett. Apja, Nicolae Vulcan Pusztaholldon, Nagyltn s Nagyvradon grg katolikus papknt szolglt. Anyja, Irinyi Viktria, a 48-as hagyomnyokkal rendelkez Irinyi (Irimie) csaldbl szrmazott. Kt nagybtyja, a forradalmr Irinyi Jzsef s a gyufa feltallja, Irinyi Jnos, ismert alakjai a magyar trtnelemnek. Vulcan gyermekveit Nagyltn tlttte. 1865-ben jelentette meg Pesten a Familia cm folyiratot, amelyet 1880-tl Nagyvradon a hallig szerkesztett. E folyirat kzlte 1866. mrcius 9-n a romnok legnagyobb kltjnek De-a avea cm verst. A fiatal klt eredeti vezetkneve Eminovici volt, de a plyjn t elindt Vulcan tancsra felcserlte azt a romnosabban hangz Eminescura. A legnagyobb romn klt karrierje teht innen indult. Iosif

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48. Coperta publicaiei Biblioteca romneasc, 1820 Cover of the Biblioteca romneasc (Romanian Librar y), 1820 Biblioteca romneasc bortja, 1820 49. Andrei aguna 50. Coperta revistei Familia, 1866 Cover of the Familia magazine, 1866 Familia bortja, 1866 51. Iosif Vulcan 52. Iosif Irinyi Irinyi Jzsef 53. Ioan Irinyi Irinyi Jnos

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De-a avea. Tnrul poet se numea pe atunci Eminovici, dar, la sfatul lui Vulcan, cel care l-a lansat ca poet, i-a schimbat numele n Eminescu. Iosif Vulcan publica nu numai n reviste romneti, ci i n multe reviste ungureti. I-a cunoscut pe cei mai de vaz scriitori maghiari, prin intermediul unchiului lui, Iosif Irinyi. Meritele sale culturale erau recunoscute i printre unguri, astfel Societatea Kisfaludy l-a ales membru de onoare n 1875.

Strada Veres Pln

Societatea Petru Maior i revista literar Luceafrul i aveau sediul la numrul 11 din strada Veres Pln, care se numea pe vremuri strada Copacul verde (Zldfa). Cel mai mare succes al societii se leag de numele lui Octavian Goga i de colaboratorii acestuia. n 19031904, Goga locuia n acest imobil (et. III, ap. 23), i ntre 19031904 a fost redactorul revistei. De la nceputul secolului al 19-lea, muli tineri romni din Ungaria i din Transilvania studiau la facultile din Pesta. Numrul acestora era n permanent cretere, iar la nceputul secolului al 20-lea, n capitala Ungariei erau n jur de 300 de studeni romni. Dup revoluia din 184849, reprezentanii vieii publice romneti din Transilvania au cerut n repetate rnduri crearea unei faculti romneti. Cererea lor nu a fost ascultat, ns n cadrul facultii de la Pesta s-a creat o catedr de limb i literatur romn, ef de catedr fiind numit Alexandru Roman, n 1863. Studenii din capital, n frunte cu Iosif Vulcan, au creat n 1864 Societatea Petru Maior cu un pronunat caracter literar i cultural.
magazines, but also in many Hungarian ones. He knew the most prestigious Hungarian writers through his uncle, Iosif Irinyi. His merits were also recognized among Hungarians, so the Kisfaludy Society appointed him as a Honorary member in 1875.

Veres Pln Street

The Petru Maior Society and the literary magazine Luceafrul had their headquarters at No. 11 Veres Pln Street, which was previously called Green Tree (Zldfa) Street. The biggest success of the society is tied to the name Octavian Goga and his collaborators. Goga lived in this building from 1903 to 1904 (III floor, Apartment 23), bei ng the editor of the magazine for that period. From the beginning of the 19th century, many young Romanians from Hungary and Transylvania studied at universities in Pest. The number was constantly growing, and in the beginning of the 20th century, there were around 300 hundred Romanian students in the Hungarian capital. After the 184849 revolution, the representatives of the public life of Romanians from Transylvania repeatedly asked for the establishing of a Romanian university. Their request was not taken into consideration, but in 1863 in the framework of the University of Pest, a department was created for Romanian language and literature, appointed chief of department was Alexandru Roman. The students from the capital, headed by Iosif Vulcan, created in 1864 the Petru Maior Society with a pronounced literary and cultural character.

Vulcan nemcsak romn lapokban rt, szmos magyar jsgban is publiklt. Nagybtyja, Irinyi Jzsef rvn ismerte a legjelesebb magyar rkat. rdemei magyar kzegben is ismertek voltak, gy 1875-ben a Kisfaludy Trsasg tiszteletbeli tagg vlasztotta.

Veres Pln utca

Az egykori Zldfa, a mai Veres Pln u. 11. sz. alatti pletben mkdtt rgen a Petru Maior Kr s a Luceafrul irodalmi lap. Tevkenysgk legsikeresebb szakasza Octavian Goga s munkatrsai nevhez fzdik. 19031904-ben Goga szerkesztsben jelent meg a lap, aki maga is e hzban (a III. emelet 23-ban) lakott. A 19. szzad elejtl az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn fiatalok a pesti egyetemek lland hallgati. Ltszmuk egyre nvekedett, a 20. szzad forduljn mintegy 300 romn dik tanult a fvrosban. Az 184849-es forradalmat kveten az erdlyi romn kzlet kpviseli tbb zben srgettk romn egyetem fellltst. Krsk nem tallt meghallgatsra, ltrejtt viszont a pesti egyetem keretben a Romn nyelv s irodalom tanszk, amelynek lre 1863-ban Alexandru Romant neveztk ki. 1864ben, a fvrosban tanul romn egyetemistk, lkn Iosif Vulcannal, ltrehoztk a Petru Maior Krt, amely elssorban irodalmi s kulturlis tevkenysget folytatott.

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Studenii care nvau la Pesta printre ei se aflau: Damaschin Bojinc, Pavel Vasici, Paul Iorgovici, Eftimie Murgu se ntlneau sistematic, nc din anii 1820, n locuina din Budapesta a preotului ortodox Ioan Teodorovici, unde au constituit o societate cu caracter privat, n cerc nchis, denumit Asociaia studenilor romni. Ei abordau literatura romn i probleme de istorie, n spiritul lucrrilor lui Petru Maior. n 1862, studenii romni din capital doreau s constituie o societate literar, n frunte cu Iosif Vulcan. n acelai an, a avut loc adunarea de constituire a Societii Petru Maior, unde preedinte al cercului literar a fost ales studentul n drept Partenie Cosma. La nceput, adunrile aveau loc pe rnd n locuinele membrilor, iar mai trziu, societatea i-a gsit sediu n casele familiilor macedoromne Mocioni i Nedelcu. Societatea Petru Maior a avut, ncepnd din 1868, o nsemnat activitate literar i cultural, n timpul n care Ioan Slavici, pe atunci student n Pesta, a redactat Statutul societii (aprobat de Ministerul de Interne abia n 1872). Finanarea societii era asigurat din cotizaii, donaii financiare, ca i din veniturile de pe urma evenimentelor culturale pe care le organiza. Se organizau concerte i baluri, iar o bun parte din veniturile de la aceste evenimente erau destinate finanrii studenilor sraci. Membrii societii au reuit s ntemeieze i o bibliotec, n cadrul creia se organizau serate literare i de lectur. La nceputul anului colar 1873/74, s-a organizat chiar i un cor, care susinea spectacole n mod regulat. ncepnd din 1877 i pn n 1894, s-a redactat i o revist n manuscris, denumit Rosa cu ghimpi, n care membrii societii publicau lucrri literare i tiinifice, precum i scrieri hazlii despre viaa de student.
Among the students studying in Pest there were: Damaschin Bojinc, Pavel Vasici, Paul Iorgovici and Eftimie Murgu who systematically met, from the 1820s, in the home of the Orthodox priest Ioan Teodorovici, where they built a private, closed circle society, named Romanian Students Association. They approached Romanian literature and problems of history, activity supported by Petru Maior. In 1862, the Romanian students from the capital wished to establish a literary society headed by Iosif Vulcan. In the same year took place the assembly to establish the Petru Maior Society, where the elected President of the Society of readers was the law student Partenie Cosma. At the beginning, meetings took place in turns at the houses of the members, and later, the society found room for headquarters in the houses of the Macedo-Romanian families, Mocioni and Nedelcu. Starting with 1868, during the period when Ioan Slavici was completing his studies in Pest and who elaborated the Statute of the Society (adopted at the Ministry of Interior only in 1872), the Petru Maior Society produced a significant literary and cultural activity. The financing of the society was assured by contributions, financial donations and also by incomes from cultural events that it organized. Concerts and balls were organized, a considerable part of the incomes from these events being used for financing of poor students. The members of the society also managed to create a library, which offered a proper frame to literary and lecturing evenings. At the beginning of the school year 1873/74, even a choir was organized that gave performances regularly. From 1877 to 1894, a magazine in manuscripts was edited, called Rosa cu ghimpi/The rose with thorns, in which members of the society published literary and scientific works, as well as amusing writings about student life.

A Pesten tanul egyetemi hallgatk kztk van Damaschin Bojinc, Pavel Vasici, Paul Iorgovici, Eftimie Murgu mr az 1820-as vekben rendszeresen sszegyltek Ioan Teodorovici budapesti grgkeleti lelksz laksn, ahol A romn tanulk egyeslete elnevezssel magnjelleg zrtkr trsasgot alkottak. Petru Maior szellemi rksgt maguknak vallva kzeltettek a romn irodalomhoz s trtnelemhez. A fvrosban tanul romn egyetemistk 1862-ben Iosif Vulcannal az len irodalmi trsasg ltrehozsn fradoztak. Abban az vben tartottk meg a Petru Maior Kr alakul kzgylst, amelyen az olvaskr elnkl Partenie Cosma joghallgatt vlasztottk meg. Kezdetben hol az egyik, hol a msik tag laksn tartottk az lseiket, ksbb viszont a macedoromn Mocsonyi s Nedelk csald hzaiban talltak otthonra. A Petru Maior Kr 1868-tl kezdett jelentsebb irodalmi s kulturlis tevkenysget folytatni, amikor a Pesten tanul Ioan Slavici megalkotta az egyeslet alapszablyt (amit csak 1872-ben fogadott el a Belgyminisztrium). A Kr a tagdjakbl, pnzadomnyokbl s kulturlis msorainak bevtelbl tartotta fenn magt. Hangversenyeket s blokat rendeztek, a bevtel j rszt pedig a szegnyebb hallgatk tmogatsra fordtottk. Sikerlt j knyvtrat is ltrehozniuk, ahol irodalmi esteket s felolvassokat tartottak. Az 1873/74-es iskolai v elejn rendszeresen fellp krust is indtottak. 1877-tl 1894-ig Rosa cu ghimpi cmmel kzrsos lapot szerkesztettek, amelyben irodalmi s tudomnyos munkk, valamint a diklettel kapcsolatos trfs rsok kaptak helyet.

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55 56

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58

54. Mihai Eminescu 55. Octavian Goga 56. Partenie Cosma 57. Ioan Slavici 58. Membrii A sociaiei Petru Maior, n port naional romnesc Members of the Petru Maior A ssociation in Romanian national costumes Petru Maior Kr tagjai romn npviseletben 59. Coperta revistei Luceafrul Cover of the Luceafrul Luceafrul bortja

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n 1902, sub egida Societii Petru Maior a aprut o revist literar de un foarte nalt nivel, Luceafrul. n comitetul de redacie, la nceputurile editrii revistei s-au angajat printre alii i A. P. Banutiu, Alexandru Ciura, Octavian Goga, Dionisie Stoica, Sebastian Stanca, Ioan Lupa, Ion Montani, Ion Lapedatu. n istoria presei romneti din Transilvania i Ungaria, Luceafrul a fost primul organ de pres care publica opere ntr-adevr valoroase, de calitate. Din 1903, Octavian C. Tsluanu i Octavian Goga au luat n mini destinul revistei. Revista a fost tiprit pn n 1906 la Budapesta, iar apoi, din 1914 la Sibiu. n 1919, Luceafrul a aprut n redacia lui Nicolae Iorga. ns apogeul revistei a fost, fr doar i poate, n perioada sa din Pesta. Aici i-a publicat Goga multe din versurile sale cunoscute, strnse apoi n volumul Poezii, care a aprut la Budapesta, n 1905. Goga a ctigat cu acest volum de versuri marele premiu al Academiei Romne, n 1906. Revista Luceafrul din Pesta i ndrepta atenia asupra tuturor domeniilor vieii spirituale romneti. Era o revist literar, dar publica articole din cele mai variate domenii: din istorie, lingvistic, etnografie. n anii 1900, activitatea Societii Petru Maior atrage atenia mai multor personaliti importante ale vieii culturale i literare romneti. n 1901, Nicolae Iorga face o vizit la studenii din Pesta, iar n toamna anului 1910, la restaurantul Sas-kr, s-au adunat aproape dou sute de studeni romni pentru a-l srbtori pe un mare scriitor clasic romn aflat n trecere prin Budapesta: Ion Luca Caragiale. Membrii societii sprijineau toate iniiativele care vizau dezvoltarea culturii romneti din Ungaria, dar activitatea lor s-a extins i asupra altor domenii. Din cauza evenimentelor cu caracter politic, a seIn 1902, under the aegis of the society there appeared a literary magazine of high level, the Luceafrul magazine. At the beginning, in the editorial committee, responsibilities were assumed by people like A. P. Banutiu, Alexandru Ciura, Octavian Goga, Dionisie Stoica, Sebastian Stanca, Ioan Lupa, Ion Montani, and Ion Lapedatu. In the press history of the Romanians from Transylvania and Romania, Luceafrul was the first press organ which published truly valuable works of quality. From 1903, Octavian C. Taslauanu and Octavian Goga took over the destiny of the magazine. The magazine was printed until 1906 in Budapest, and afterwards from 1914 in Sibiu. In 1919, the magazine Luceafrul started to reappear under the editorial work of Nicolae Iorga. However, the top period of the magazine is considered undoubtedly its period from Pest. Here Goga published many of his well known lyrics, afterwards gathered in the volume Poezii/Poems, which appeared in Budapest in 1905. Goga won with this volume of lyrics the Great Prize of the Romanian Academy in 1906. The magazine Luceafrul from Pest directs its attention towards all the areas of Romanian spiritual life. It was a literary magazine, however it published articles from the most varied areas: history, linguistics and ethnography. In the 1900s, the activity of Petru Maior Society attracts the attention of many important Romanian personalities of the cultural and literary life. In 1901, Nicolae Iorga makes a visit to the students from Pest, and in the autumn of 1910, at Sas-kr restaurant almost two hundred students gathered to celebrate the passing through Budapest of a great Romanian classic writer Ion Luca Caragiale. The members of the society supported all the initiatives that were aimed at the development of Romanian

A Kr gisze alatt 1902-ben megjelent a sznvonalas irodalmi folyirat, a Luceafrul. A lapindtskor a szerkesztbizottsgban msok mellett A. P. Banutiu, Alexandru Ciura, Octavian Goga, Dionisie Stoica, Sebastian Stanca, Ioan Lupa, Ion Montani, Ion Lapedatu vllaltak szerepet. Az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn sajt trtnetben a Luceafrul kpviseli az els olyan periodikt, amely valban sznvonalas, rtkes irodalmi mveket kzlt. 1903-tl a lap irnytst Octavian C. Taslauanu s Octavian Goga vettk a kezkbe. 1906-ig Budapesten, majd 1914-ig Nagyszebenben nyomtattk. 1919-ben Nicolae Iorga szerkesztsben a folyirat jraindult. A lap fnykornak mindenkppen a pesti idszakot tekinthetjk. Ebben publiklta Goga tbb, ksbb kzismertt vlt verst, amelyeket a Poezii (Budapest, 1905.) cm ktetbe gyjtve is kzreadott. 1906-ban ezzel a knyvvel elnyerte a Romn Akadmia irodalmi djt. A pesti Luceafrul rdekldse a romn szellemi let minden terletre kiterjedt. Noha elssorban a szpirodalomra figyelt, a legklnbzbb trgy, trtnelmi, nyelvszeti, nprajzi tanulmnyokat is kzlt. Az 1900-as vekben tbb romn kulturlis s irodalmi kivlsg figyel fl a Petru Maior Kr tevkenysgre. 1901-ben Nicolae Iorga, a jeles trtnsz-irodalmr ltogatta meg az egyetemista fiatalokat, 1910 szn pedig a Sas-kr vendgl nagytermben csaknem ktszz romn egyetemi hallgat nnepelte a Budapesten tutaz nagy romn drmart, Ion Luca Caragiale-t. A Kr tagjai mr minden olyan trekvst tmogattak, amely a magyarorszgi romnok kultrjnak fejlesztsre irnyult, mveltsgi sznvonaluk emelst szolglta, s tevkenysgk a kzlet ms terle-

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ratelor de lectur organizate de societate care contribuiau considerabil la ntrirea profilului identitar cultural-naional al romnilor din Transilvania i Ungaria Ministerul de Interne al Ungariei a suspendat de mai multe ori activitile revistei, dar, de fapt, ele au continuat pn la nceputul Celui de-al Doilea Rzboi Mondial. Dup cderea Monarhiei Austro-Ungare, societatea i-a mutat sediul la Cluj, unde, n noiembrie 1918, conform regulamentului de organizare al asociailor studenilor romni, i-a schimbat numele n Centrul Studenesc Petru Maior din Cluj. Biblioteca valoroas, arhiva societii, ct i averea deloc neglijabil, au ajuns n proprietatea studenilor clujeni.

Piaa Szervita
Medicul stomatolog Dimitrie Nedelcu (18121882) a fost creatorul catedrei de stomatologie a Facultii de Medicin din Pesta i a locuit n imobilul de la numrul 3, din piaa Szervita. Printre pacienii si se numrau personaliti importante ale veacului, nsui Szchenyi Istvn a fost unul dintre aceti pacieni. Dimitrie Nedelcu era de origine romn respectiv, macedoromn i s-a nscut pe data de 12 octombrie 1812, la Lugoj, judeul Timi. A obinut diploma de medic la Facultatea de Medicin din Pesta, iar specializarea n stomatologie a fcut-o la Viena. Nedelcu inaugureaz, n 1844, prima catedr de medicin dentar din istoria facultii din Pesta, el nsui devenind primul profesor particular de
culture in Hungary, but their activity also extended to other areas. Due to the events with a political character, the lecture evenings organized by the society which considerably strengthened the profile of the culturalnational identity of the Romanians in Transylvania and Hungary The Hungarian Ministry of Interior suspended on more occasions the activity of the magazine, but, in fact it continued to work until the start of the Second World War. After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the society moved its headquarters to Cluj, where in November 1918, in conformity with the regulations for organization of the Romanian Students Associations, it changed its name to Petru Maior Student Center in Cluj. The valuable library, the societys archives, as well as the far from neglectable wealth of the association became the property of the students in Cluj.

Szervita Square
Dimitrie Nedelcu (18121882) was the founder of the Stomatology department from the Medical University in Pest and lived in the building No. 3 from Szervita Square. Among his patients there were important personalities of the age, Szchenyi Istvn himself was one of these. Dimitrie Nedelcu was of Romanian origin respectively, Macedo-Romanian born on October 12, 1812 in Lugoj, Timi county. He obtained his medical diploma at the Medical University from Pest and made his specialization in stomatology in Vienna. In 1844, Nedelecu inaugurates the first department of dental medicine in the history of the Universities from Pest, he himself becoming the first professor specialized in stomatology in

teire is kiterjedt. Politikai jelleg rendezvnyeik, felolvassaik miatt a mkdsket amellyel jelentsen hozzjrultak az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn nemzeti-kulturlis arculat kialakulshoz a Belgyminisztrium tbbszr is felfggesztette, de azt a vilghbor kitrsig folytathattk. A Monarchia sszeomlsa utn a Kr Kolozsvrra tette t a szkhelyt, ahol 1918 novemberben a romn egyetemi egyesletek szervezeti szablyzata szerint Centrul Studenesc Petru Maior din Cluj-ra vltoztatta meg a nevt. A kolozsvri diksg tulajdonba kerlt rtkes knyvtra, archvuma, s nem megvetend nagysg vagyona is.

Szervita tr

A Szervita tr 3. szm alatt lakott Nedelk Dme (Dimitrie Nedelcu 18121882), a hres fogorvos, aki elindtotta a pesti orvosi egyetem fogorvosi tanszkt. Nagy praxisa volt, mg Szchenyi Istvn is a pciensei kz tartozott. A romn, ill. macedoromn szrmazs Nedelk Dme Temes megyben, Lugoson szletett 1812. oktber 12-n. 1839-ben a pesti egyetemen szerez orvosdoktori diplomt, majd fogorvosi tudst Bcsben tkletesti. 1844-ben a pesti orvosi egyetem, fennllsa ta elszr, fogszati tanszket indt, s hivatalba iktatja dr. Nedelk Dmt, a magyar fogszoktats els nyilvnos rendkvli magntanrt. Nedelkval vget rt a magyar fogszat trtnetnek kezdeti, empirikus peridusa. A fogorvosi oktats bekerlt az egyetem orvosi karra, borblyok, kovcsok s bbk kezbl a fogorvosok, az

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60. Piaa Szer vita, casa de la numrul 3 Szer vita Square, the house from No. 3 Szer vita tr 3. sz. hz 61. Dimitrie Nedelcu Nedelk Dme 62. Hofbauer: Piaa Szer vita din Pesta Hofbauer : Szer vita Square from Pest Hofbauer: A pesti Szer vita tr 63. Piaa Szer vita, anii 1890 Szer vita Squarre, the 1890s Szer vita tr, 1890 -es vek

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stomatologie din Ungaria. Activitatea sa pune capt perioadei empirice, de nceput, a istoriei stomatologiei n Ungaria. Formarea dentitilor se integreaz definitiv n cadrul universitar, iese de pe mna brbierilor, a fierarilor i a moaelor i devine o ramur a medicinii. n 1878, Nedelcu nfiineaz Societatea Stomatologilor din Budapesta, iar primul secretar al societii este tnrul rkvy Jzsef. Nedelcu pred stomatologia la Facultatea din Pesta timp de 38 de ani. Cursurile se desfurau n sala de disecii a cldirii Facultii de Medicin de pe strada Hatvani sau n cabinetul su de stomatologie din piaa Szervita. El a fost membru i al Asociaiei regale de Medicin. Dimitrie Nedelcu nu i-a tinuit niciodat obria i sentimentele sale fa de neamul romnesc. n casa lui se vorbea i romnete i o profesoar de limb romn se ocupa de cei patru copii ai lui. El a fost membru i al Asociaiei de conducere al comunitii eclesiastice greco-macedoromne, care avea n gestiune Biserica Ortodox din piaa Petfi, coala greceasc i romneasc din strada Galamb. A fost unul dintre principalii actani ai vieii culturale i tiinifice romneti din Budapesta. El asigura permanent subvenii pentru studenii romni de la Budapesta iar casa lui era ntotdeauna deschis n faa lor, pn i reuniunile conducerii Societii Petru Maior, creat de studeni, erau gzduite n casa lui. Restaurantul Kis Pipa s-a deschis la parterul casei Nedelcu din piaa Szervita, numrul 3, la nceputul anilor 1870, devenind n scurt timp locul preferat de ntlnire al politicienilor, scriitorilor, artitilor din ar sau din strintate. Aici se ntlneau, printre alii, Ady Endre, Krdy Gyula, Mikszth Klmn, Tisza
Hungary. The start of activity brings to an end the empirical period of stomatology in Hungary. The forming of dentists is integrated definitively in framework of the University, dental care being taken out of the hands of the barbers, smiths and midwives, and becoming a branch of the medical education. In 1878, Nedelcu creates the Stomatology Society in Budapest, and the first secretary of the association is the young rkvy Jzsef. Nedelcu teaches stomatology at the University in Pest for 38 years. The courses were held in a building of the Medical University on Hatvan Street, respectively in the hall of dissection or in his stomatology cabinet from Szervita Square. He was a member of the Royal Medical Association. Dimitrie Nedelcu never denied his origin or sentiments towards the Romanian nation. In his house Romanian was spoken and a teacher of Romanian language took care of his four children. He was a member of the leading body of the Greek-Macedo-Romanian Ecclesiastical community, who was administrating the Orthodox Church from Petfi Square, and the Greek and Romanian school from Galamb Street. He was one of the principal actors of Romanian cultural and scientific life in Budapest. He permanently assured subsidies for Romanian students in Budapest and his house was always open towards them, even the management meetings of the Petru Maior Society created by students were held in his house. In the beginning of the 1870s, the restaurant Kis Pipa opened on the ground level of the Nedelcu house at No. 3 Szervita square and became in short time the preferred location for meetings of politicians, writers and artists from the country or from abroad. Among the people who visited the place are Ady Endre, Krdy Gyula, Mikszth Klmn, Tisza Klmn, Wekerle Sndor, Lesseps Ferdinand. After the death of Dumitru Nedelcu, members of his

orvosdoktorok kezbe. 1878-ban Nedelk megalaktja a Budapesti Fogorvosok Egylett, amelynek els elnke, titkra a fiatal rkvy Jzsef. Nedelk 38 ven keresztl tantott fogszatot az egyetemen, s neve megtallhat a Kirlyi Orvostudomnyi Trsulat tagjai sorban is. Nedelk Dme szrmazst s nemzeti rzelmeit soha nem titkolta. Hzban romnul is beszltek, ngy gyermekvel romn nyelvtanrn foglalkozott. Rszt vett a budapesti grg-macedoromn egyhzi kzssg vezetsgben, amely a Petfi tri ortodox templomot s a Galamb utcai grg s romn iskolt tartotta fenn. A budapesti romn kulturlis s tudomnyos let egyik aktv rsztvevje. A budapesti romn hallgatkat llandan tmogatta, hza pedig mindig nyitva llott szmukra, olyannyira, hogy egy ideig itt tartotta lseit a romn egyetemistk ltal ltrehozott Petru Maior Kr vezetsge. A Szervita tr 3. szm alatti Nedelk-hz fldszintjn az 1870-es vek elejn nyitotta meg kapuit a Kis Pipa nev vendgl, amely rvidesen a hazai s klfldi politikusok, rk, mvszek tbbek kztt Ady Endre, Krdy Gyula, Mikszth Klmn, Tisza Klmn, Wekerle Sndor, Lesseps Ferdinand kedvelt tallkozhelyv ntte ki magt. Nedelk Dme halla utn az ingatlant csaldtagjai rkltk. 1905ben tekintlyes ember vette meg tlk a forgalmas tren, elkel zletek szomszdsgban tallhat

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Klmn, Wekerle Sndor, Lesseps Ferdinand. Dup moartea lui Dimitrie Nedelcu (1882), membrii familiei sale au motenit imobilul. n 1905, un om elegant s-a prezentat pentru a cumpra cldirea care se afla n piaa de acum plin de tumult, n vecintatea unor prvlii elegante: era Stein Mtys, directorul bncii cunoscute n ntreaga ar cu numele de Casa bancar Trk A. i Asociat. Terenul din piaa Szervita avea condiii oportune pentru a fi sediul unei bnci, spre deosebire de casa cu dou etaje ridicat aici n stil clasicist, de care cei din conducere nu erau deloc mulumii. nc din primvara anului 1905 fusese publicat o ofert pentru ntocmirea planurilor i pentru construirea unei noi case cu patru etaje, pentru sediul i birourile bncii. Pn la urm, societatea pe aciuni a ncredinat lucrrile de construcie asociailor Bhm Henrik Hegeds rmin. Mozaicul care se vede i astzi pe frontonul cldirii (cel mai mare mozaic de acest gen din Budapesta) o reprezint pe Sfnta Maria, protectoarea Ungariei, n compania unor personaliti ilustre din istoria ungar, printre care apar Rkczi Ferenc i Kossuth Lajos. La mijlocul anilor 1920, rudele lui Stein Mtys au motenit acest imobil cu o atmosfer aparte, care pe atunci era foarte vizitat, adpostind una dintre cele mai populare bnci din ora.

family inherited the property. In 1905, an elegant man presented himself to purchase the building situated in a thriving square, in the neighborhood of some elegant shops: he was Stein Mtys, director of the country-wise well known bank by the name of Trk A. and Associate Banking House. The land from Szervita square had opportune conditions for hosting the headquarters of a bank, unlike the two-storey house raised here in Classic style, of which the leadership were not pleased at all. In the spring of 1905, a tender was published to design and carry out the construction of a four-storey building that was suitable for the bank headquarters. In the end, the joint stock company entrusted the construction work to the associates Bhm Henrik Hegeds rmin. The mosaic which still can be seen on the front of the building (the biggest mosaic of this type in Budapest) represents St. Marry, protector of Hungary, in the company of some illustrious personalities from Hungarian history, including Rkczi Ferenc i Kossuth Lajos. In the middle of the 1920s, the relatives of Stein Mtys inherited this building with a special atmosphere, which then was very frequented, hosting one of the most popular banks from the city.

hzat: Stein Mtys, az orszgszerte ismert Trk A. s Trsa Bankhz igazgatja. A Szervita tri telek kivlan alkalmasnak bizonyult e clra, a rajta ll ktemeletes, klasszicista hzzal viszont mr korntsem voltak elgedettek a bankhz vezeti. Mr 1905 tavaszn kirtk a tervplyzatot egy j, ngyemeletes bank- s irodahz megtervezsre. A rszvnytrsasg a kivitelezssel vgl a Bhm Henrik-Hegeds rmin prost bzta meg. Az pleten ma is meglv mozaikon (amely mfajban a legnagyobb Budapesten) Magyarorszg Nagyasszonyt a magyar trtnelem vezet szemlyisgei, kztk Rkczi Ferenc s Kossuth Lajos trsasgban lthatjuk. Az 1920-as vek derekn Stein Mtys rokonai rkltk a patins pletet, amely ekkor mint a vros egyik legnpszerbb bankhza fogadta az gyfeleket.

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Pesta, Erzsbetvros
Curtea Gojdu
Marele mecenat al romnilor din Ungaria, Emanuil Gojdu (18021870), provine dintr-o familie de negustori macedoromni. Familia Gojdu s-a refugiat din oraul Moscopole, de pe teritoriul Albaniei, n 1769, din faa primejdiei turceti. Trecnd mai nti prin Polonia, familia s-a aezat n Ungaria i s-a instalat la Miskolc, de unde o ramur a ei s-a mutat la Oradea. De altfel, din aceast familie provine i scriitorul i ziaristul maghiar Gozsdu Elek. Emanuil Gojdu s-a nscut n Oradea, la 9 februarie 1802. A studiat la coala romneasc din Oradea, apoi la liceul catolic din ora, dup care s-a prezentat la Academia de Drept. Un an mai trziu, i-a continuat studiile la Bratislava. n 1823 i-a terminat studiile la Pesta, unde a fost numit notar cambial i, la vrsta de douzeci i doi de ani, a obinut diploma de avocat. A lucrat trei ani de zile n biroul lui Vitkovics Mihly, avocat i poet din Pesta. Obinuiii casei Vitkovics erau fruntaii literaturii maghiare de atunci, printre care Kazinczy Ferenc, Virg Benedek, Berzsenyi Dniel, fraii Kisfaludy i Fy Andrs. Tnrul Gojdu, ca prieten i colaborator al gazdei, a participat deseori la aceste serate. S-a mprietenit cu literaii invitai i, prin intermediul lor, a cunoscut i literatura maghiar. El nsui a

Pest, Erzsbetvros
The Gojdu Court
The great Maecenas of the Romanians from Hungary, Emanuil Gojdu (18021870) originates from an Aromanian merchant family. In 1769 the Gojdu family fled their native town of Moscopole, located in modern Albania, due to the threat of the Ottoman Empire. Firstly passing though Poland, the family went on and settled in Miskolc, Hungary, from where a branch of the family moved on to Nagyvrad, Hungary (now Oradea, Romania). The renown Hungarian writer and journalist Elek Gozsdu comes from this family. Emanuil Gojdu was born in Oradea, on February 9, 1802. He began his studies at the Romanian School from Oradea, continued at the Catholic Highschool from his town, then atteneded the Law Academy. One year later he transfered to Bratislava. He finished his studies in 1823 at Pest, where he was appointed as cambial notary and at the age of twenty-two he obtained a law degree. Worked for three years at the law office of Mihly Vitkovics, lawyer and poet from Pest. Frequent guests of the Vitkovics house were people like Ferenc Kazinczy, Benedek Virg, Dniel Berzsenyi, the Kisfaludy brothers or Andrs Fy, all members of the cultural elite. Young Gojdu, as friend and employee of the host, often attended these literary soires. He managed to establish friendships with the renouned people who were invited, and through them, he received a good knowledge of the Hungarian literature. He himself published a number of poems in the Szpliteraturai Ajndk (1826)/Gift of Belles-Lettres/

Pest, Erzsbetvros
Gozsdu-udvar
A magyarorszgi romnsg nagy mecnsa, Gozsdu Man (Emanuil Gojdu 18021870) macedoromn kereskedcsaldbl szrmazott. A Gozsdu csald 1769-ben a trk veszedelem ell meneklt el Moscopolis vrosbl, amely ma Albnia terletn tallhat. tjuk elszr Lengyelorszgba vezetett, de Magyarorszgon telepedtek le, Miskolcon talltak otthonra, ahonnan a csald egyik ga Nagyvradra kltztt. E csaldbl szrmazik egybknt az elmagyarosodott r, hrlapr, Gozsdu Elek is. Gozsdu Man 1802 februr 9-n szletett Nagyvradon. A nagyvradi romn iskolban, majd a helyi katolikus gimnziumban tanult, utna pedig a jogi akadmira jelentkezett. Egy vvel ksbb Pozsonyba ment tanulni. Tanulmnyait 1823-ban fejezte be Pesten, ahol kirlyi tblajegyzv avattk, s huszonkt ves korban gyvdi oklevelet szerzett. Hrom vig Vitkovics Mihly pesti gyvd, klt irodjban dolgozott. Vitkovics hznak rendszeres vendgei voltak a magyar irodalom akkori jelesei, kztk Kazinczy Ferenc, Virg Benedek, Berzsenyi Dniel, a Kisfaludyak s Fy Andrs. Az ifj Gozsdu, a hzigazda bartjaknt s munkatrsaknt, szintn rszt vett ezeken az sszejveteleken. Bartsgot kttt meghvott irodalmrokkal, s rajtuk keresztl megismerkedett a magyar irodalommal is. maga

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64. Barabs Mikls: Portretul lui Emanuil Gojdu Barabs Mikls: Portrait of Emanuil Gojdu Barabs Mikls: Gozsdu Man portrja 65. Coperta publicaiei Calendaru romnesc, 1830 Cover of the publication Calendarul romnesc, 1830 Calendaru romnesc bortja, 1830 66. Dedicaie pentru Gojdu n Calendaru romnesc, 1830 Dedication for Gojdu in the Calendaru romnesc, 1830 Gozsdunak dediklt oldal, Calendaru romnesc, 1830

64 65 66

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68 69

70
67. Sinagoga de pe strada Dohny, n anii 1930 The Synagogue from Dohny Street in the 1930s Dohny utcai Zsinagga, 1930 -as vek 68. Cldirea Parohiei Ortodoxe Romne din Budapesta The building of the Romanian Orthodox Parish from Budapest A Budapesti Romn Ortodox Parkia plete 69. Pasajul Gojdu, odinioar The Gojdu Passage in former times Gozsdu udvar tjrja rgen 70. Poarta Curii Gojdu The entrance of the Gojdu Courts Gozsdu udvar kapuja

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publicat cteva versuri n limba maghiar, n revista Szpliteraturai Ajndk (1826). Gojdu frecventa, de asemenea, salonul literar romnesc care funciona n casa lui Atanasie Grabovschi din Pesta, unde oaspei obinuii erau Petru Maior, Samuil Micu Clain, Dimitrie ichindeal, Teodor Aaron, Damaschin Bojinc, Moise Nicoar, Zaharia Carcalechi, tefan P. Niagoi, Ioan Teodorovici, Eftimie Murgu, Petru Moaler Cmpianu, Andrei Mocioni, Constantin Lecca, Pavel Vasici, Partenie Cosma. Gojdu a fost avocat stagiar timp de trei ani, dup care i-a deschis un birou de avocatur propriu. El a fost primul avocat care, n 1826, a intentat aciuni la consiliile din Pesta i din Buda, n limba maghiar n locul limbii latine folosite pn atunci. Tot de numele lui se leag redactarea n limba maghiar a proceselor verbale ale Bisericii Greco-Romne din Pesta, ntocmite pn atunci n limba german. Deoarece grecii nu recunoteau primatul limbii romne iar romnii primatul limbii greceti, documentele bisericii lor comune erau redactate n limba german. Emanuil Gojdu, cunoscut deja ca avocat cu prestigiu i personalitate cu o mare influen, n 1836 a militat puternic n vederea renunrii la limba german, iar iniiativa lui s-a bucurat de succes. Gojdu a devenit n scurt timp cel mai cutat avocat din Pesta. Pledoariile lui erau publicate n presa de specialitate din ar i din strintate, iar el era citat ca exemplu n faa studenilor la drept din Pesta i din Bratislava. Spirit ntreprinztor, Gojdu a ajuns foarte repede proprietar al unor depozite bancare considerabile, a cumprat diverse imobile i aciuni la Pesta. n 1832, s-a cstorit cu Anastasia Pometa, originar dintr-o familie macedoromn. n acelai an, din zestrea soiei i din economiile proprii,
magazine. Gojdu also attended the Romanian literary salon, hosted in the house of Atanasie Grabovschi from Pest, where among the usual guests were Petru Maior, Samuil Micu-Clain, Dimitrie ichindeal, Teodor Aaron, Damaschin Bojinc, Moise Nicoar, Zaharia Carcalechi, tefan P. Niagoi, Ioan Teodorovici, Eftimie Murgu, Petru Moaler Cmpianu, Andrei Mocioni, Constantin Lecca, Pavel Vasici, Partenie Cosma. Gojdu worked as a barrister in training for three years, after that he opened his own law office. He was the first lawyer who, in 1826, in the Councils of Pest and Buda, made petitions in the Hungarian language, instead of Latin which was used till then. Since the Greeks did not accept the primacy of the Romanian language and Romanians did not accept the primacy of Greek language, the documents of their common church were issued in German language. The fact that the official reports of the Greek-Catholic Church, that were written in German, started to be written in Hungarian language is linked to his name. Emanuil Gojdu, already renouned for being a prestigious lawyer and a remarcably influential person, in 1836 strongly militates against the usage of German, and finnaly his initiative ends up being successful. In a short while, Gojdu became the most solicited lawyer in Pest. His pleadings were published in law revues from the country and abroad, while he was quoted as an example for the law students from Pest and Bratislava. Being gifted with enterprising spirit, very quickly Gojdu became the holder of some considerable bank accounts and purchased different real estates and shares in Pest. In 1832 he marries Anastasia Pometa, member of a Macedo-Romanian family. In the same year, using his wifes dowry and his own savings, he buys the house of Wilhelm Sebastian from Kirly Street, and later the neighbouring terrain. In 1854, construction started on these

is kzreadott nhny magyar nyelv kltemnyt a Szpliteraturai Ajndk-ban (1826). Gozsdu ugyanakkor a Grabovsky Atanz pesti hzban mkd romn irodalmi szalont is ltogatta, ahol Petru Maior, Samuil Micu Clain, Dimitrie ichindeal, Teodor Aaron, Damaschin Bojinc, Moise Nicoar, Zaharia Carcalechi, tefan P. Niagoi, Ioan Teodorovici, Eftimie Murgu, Petru Moaler Cmpianu, Andrei Mocioni, Constantin Lecca, Pavel Vasici, Partenie Cosma lland vendgnek szmtottak. Hrom vi gyakornoskods utn, Gozsdu nll gyvdi irodt nyitott. volt az els gyvd, aki 1826-ban az addigi latin helyett magyar nyelv keresetlevelet adott be a pesti s budai tancsokhoz. A pesti grg-romn egyhz nmetl vezetett jegyzknyveinek magyar nyelv szerkesztse is az nevhez fzdik. A grgk addig nem ismertk el a romn, a romnok pedig a grg nyelv elsbbsgt, s ezrt rtk nmetl az okmnyaikat. Az 1836-ban mr elkel gyvdknt s befolysos szemlyisgknt szmon tartott Gozsdu Man ers prtot alaptott a nmet nyelv levltsra, kezdemnyezse mindinkbb sikerrel jrt. Rvid id alatt Gozsdu lett az egyik legkeresettebb gyvd Pesten. Vdbeszdeit hazai s klfldi szaklapok is kzltk, t magt pedig pldaknt lltottk a pesti s pozsonyi egyetem jogi karnak hallgati el. Vllalkoz szellem lvn, Gozsdu hamarosan jelents bankbettek felett rendelkezett, klnbz ingatlanokat, rszvnyeket vsrolt Pesten. 1832-ben felesgl vette a macedoromn kereskedcsaldbl val Anastasia Pomett. Az hozomnybl s Gozsdu megtakartsaibl ebben az

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71. Parohia Ortodox Romn din Budapesta, dup renovare The Romanian Orthodox Parish from Budapest after reconstruction Budapesti Romn Ortodox Parkia a feljts utn 72. Curtea Gojdu renovat strada Kirly The renovated Gojdu Courts Kirly Street Feljtott Gozsdu udvar Kirly utca 73. Placa memorial Gojdu, strada Holl, nr. 8 Gojdu memorial plaque, 8 Holl Street Gozsdu emlktbla, Holl u. 8. 74. Pasajul din Curtea Gojdu, dup renovare The passage of the renovated Gojdu Courts Feljtott Gozsdu udvar tjrja

74 73

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Gojdu a cumprat cu treizeci de mii de forini casa lui Wilhelm Sebastian, din strada Kirly, mai trziu i terenurile din vecintatea acesteia. n 1854 a trecut la parcelarea acestor terenuri i a construit un rnd de magazine n jurul propriei case. Acest complex poart i n momentul de fa numele de Pasajul Gojdu. Gojdu a devenit cel mai mare mecenat al culturii romneti din Pesta. i-a ndreptat atenia nc din tineree spre sprijinirea progresului literaturii romne din Ungaria i a susinut financiar tiprirea operelor n limba romn, la Tipografia Universitii din Buda. n timpul evenimentelor din 1848, Emanuil Gojdu s-a evideniat i pe trm politic. La 21 mai, n casa lui Gojdu s-au adunat romnii pentru a adopta dou documente importante prin care acordau votul lor de ncredere guvernului Batthyny. n noiembrie 1849, lui Gojdu i s-a propus, romn fiind, postul de comisar imperial n Bihor, ns avocatul nu a acceptat, refuznd cu tact aceast funcie. n 1860, dup publicarea diplomei din octombrie, Gojdu a fost numit comite suprem al comitatului Cara, i a fost ales notar al casei magnailor. n cadrul dezbaterii purtate n parlamentul maghiar pe tema inscripiilor, avocatul romn a inut o prelegere excelent. ns nu a rmas prea mult timp comite suprem. Dup dizolvarea dietei, n 1861, cancelarul Ungariei i-a ntrebat pe toi comiii dac sunt gata s execute noile msuri luate. Gojdu i-a rspuns: un comite suprem constituional, atunci cnd execut dispoziiunile absolutistice ale unui guvern neconstituional, nu se mai poate considera comite suprem constituional i dect s fiu desconsiderat, mai bine demisionez.
terrains and a row of shops were raised around his house. At present, this complex is named after him the Gojdu Passage. Gojdu became the greatest patron of Romanian culture in Pest. Since an early age he devoted his attention to supporting the development of Romanian literature in Hungary and sponsored the printing of Romanian literary works at the University Press from Buda. During the historical events from 1848, Emanuil Gojdu also made himself remarked in politics. On 21 May of that year, the Romanians from Hungary gathered in his house and adopted two important documents, and also at this meeting they gave their vote of confidence in favour of the Batthyny government. In November 1849, the definitely Romanian-related Gojdu is offered the position of Imperial Commissioner in Bihor county, but the lawyer did not take it, tactfully rejecting the appointment. In 1860, after the publication of the October Diploma, Gojdu was appointed General Prefect of Krass County and was elected notary of the House of Magnates. During the debates that took place in the Hungarian Parliament regarding the topic of inscriptions, the Romanian lawyer made a fervent plea, but his appointment as General Prefect did not last long. In 1861, after the dissolution of the Diet, when asked by the Chancelor of Hungary who questioned all Prefects if they are ready to enforce all the new measures that had been approved, Gojdu answered: when a constitutional General Prefect enforces absolutistic provisions of a nonconstitutional government, he can no longer consider himself a constitutional General Prefect, and instead of being disregarded, I prefer to resign.

vben harmincezer forintrt megvsrolta Wilhelm Sebastian Kirly utcai hzt, majd a krltte lev telkeket is. 1854-ben parcellzta ezeket, s egy sor zletet ptett a hza krl. Ez a rsz a mai napig is a Gozsdu-udvar nevet viseli. Gozsdu a pesti romn kultra legnagyobb mecnsa lett. Elg korn prtfogsba vette a romn irodalmat, pnzzel tmogatta a Budai Egyetemi Nyomda romn nyelv mveit. Az 1848-as esemnyek sorn Gozsdu Man a politikai porondon is sznre lpett. Mjus 21-n az hzban gyltek ssze a romnok, ahol kt jelents dokumentumot, memorandumot is elfogadtak, s ez a gyls szavazott bizalmat a Batthyny-kormnynak. 1849 novemberben, az akkori kormny felajnlotta neki mint szletett romnnak a Bihar megyei csszri biztosi tisztsget, azonban nem rezte alkalmasnak magt erre, s gyesen kitrt a megtiszteltets ell. 1860-ban, az oktberi diploma kzzttele utn, Gozsdut Krass vrmegye fispnjv neveztk ki, s a frendihz jegyzjv vlasztottk. A felirati vitban kitn beszdet tartott az orszggylsben, de nem sokig maradt fispn. Az 1861-i orszggyls feloszlatsa utn ugyanis Magyarorszg kancellrja, az sszes fispnt megkrdezte: hajlandk-e vgrehajtani az intzkedseit. Gozsdu azt vlaszolta neki, hogy: ha egy alkotmnyos fispn egy nem alkotmnyos kormny abszolutisztikus intzkedseit hajtja vgre, az nem tekinthet alkotmnyos fispnnak s mintsem, hogy ilyennek tekintessem, inkbb lemondok.

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75. Curi interioare Inner courts Bels udvarok 76. Curtea Gojdu renovat strada Dob The renovated Gojdu Courts Dob Street Feljtott Gozsdu udvar Dob utca 77. Curi interioare Inner courts Bels udvarok 78. Placa memorial Gojdu, strada Kirly, nr. 23 Gojdu memorial plaque, 23 Kirly street Gozsdu emlktbla, Kirly u. 23. 79. Curi interioare Inner courts Bels udvarok

77 78 79

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Dup dizolvarea dietei, Gojdu se retrage pentru scurt timp din politic i se consacr n special carierei sale de jurist. Este deja familiarizat cu unele domenii ale economiei. Devine preedintele Societii de Asigurri din Pesta i al Societii pentru morile cu aburi Concordia. n noiembrie, dup dizolvarea dietei demisioneaz din funcia de comite suprem. n 1863, dup moartea soiei sale, se nsoar din nou. i alege soie tot dintr-o familie macedoromn de negustori, pe Melania Dumcea, din Pesta. n 1865 este ales deputat n circumscripia Tinca, din comitatul Bihor. n aceast perioad se gndete din ce n ce mai serios s lase o parte din averea sa pentru scopuri culturale romneti. Astfel se explic rspunsul lui la aclamaiile alegtorilor, care strigau Triasc Gojdu, la care el a rspuns: Gojdu numai pn atunci s triasc, pn cnd va lucra spre binele poporului romn. n diet era adept al politicii lui Dek Ferenc, supranumit neleptul naiunii, de care l lega o veche prietenie. n calitatea sa de politician, Gojdu lupta pentru convieuirea panic ntre romni i maghiari, dei, din aceast cauz unii romni l considerau renegat. Gojdu a subliniat de mai multe ori ce primejdii poate provoca ostilitatea dintre cele dou naiuni. Astfel, n vestita lui prelegere din casa magnailor a spus, printre altele: Providena dumnezeiasc, nsui Dumnezeul popoarelor din lume a croit soarta comun a celor dou naiuni, romn i maghiar, pentru ca s triasc mpreun, ntr-o alian etern, fiindc numai laolalt vor avea un viitor glorios, iar dac se vor mpotrivi una alteia, vor pieri. Gojdu era un excelent orator, pledoariile sale erau publicate n Jurnalul Dietei (Orszggylsi Napl).
After the dissolution of the Diet, for a short while Gojdu retires from politics and dedicates himself entirely to his law practice. Being already familiar with certain fields of business, he becomes the president of the Pest Insurance Company and of the Concordia Steam Mill Company. In October, after the dissolution of the Diet, Gojdu resigns from the position of General Prefect. After the death of his wife in 1863, he remmarries. His new wife, Melania Dumcea, is the daughter of an Aromanian merchant family from Pest. In 1865 Gojdu is elected deputy of Tinca district, Bihor county. In this period, he considered more and more seriousely the idea of leaving a part of his wealth for Romanian cultural purposes. This might explain his answer to the cheers of the voters saying Long live Gojdu, while his answer was Gojdu should live as long as he can work for the benefit of the Romanian people. As member of the Diet, Gojdu was a sustainer of the policy promoted by Dek Ferenc, a good friend of his, also called The Nestor of the Nation. As a politician, he militated in favour of the peaceful coexistence between Romanians and Hungarians, though some of the Romanians considered him a renegade for this reason. Gojdu highlighted on several occasions the dangers that may be generated by eventual hostilities between the two nations. This can be seen from his famous speech given in the House of Magnats, where among other things he stated: Holy Providence and God of all Nations from Earth himself casted the common fate of these two nations, Romanian and Hungarian, to live together in eternal alliance, because only together they might have a glorious future, or if they turn against each other, they will perish. Gojdu was an excellent orator, his pleas and speaches being published in the Journal of the Diet.

Az orszggyls feloszlatsa utn rvid idre visszavonult a politiktl, s leginkbb a jogszi plynak szentelte lett. A gazdasg egyes szfriban mr otthonosan mozgott: elnke a Pesti Biztost Trsasgnak s Concordia gzmalom trsasgnak. Novemberben, az orszggyls feloszlatsa utn lemondott a fispni tisztsgrl. 1863-ban, els felesge halla utn jrahzasodott. Ismt macedoromn kereskedcsaldbl val lnyt vett el, a pesti Melania Dumceat. 1865-ben a Bihar vrmegyei Tenke vlasztkrzetben orszggylsi kpviselnek vlasztottk. Ezen idszakban rleldtt benne, hogy vagyonnak egy rszt romn kulturlis clokra fogja hagyni. Ezt ltszik igazolni az a krlmny, hogy a vlasztknak arra a kiltsra, hogy: ljen Gozsdu!, azzal felelt, hogy Gozsdu csak addig ljen, amg a romn nprt l. Az orszggylsben Dek Ferenc politikjnak hve volt, a haza blcshez egybknt rgi bartsg fzte. Politikusknt Gozsdu a romnok s magyarok bks egyttmkdsrt kzdtt, noha voltak olyan romnok, akik ezrt a trekvsrt renegtnak tartottk. Tbbszr felhvta a figyelmet a kt np kztti ellensgeskeds veszlyeire, gy a frendihzban tartott hres beszdben tbbek kztt ezeket mondta: Az isteni gondvisels, maga a vilg npeinek Istene tzte ki a magyar s romn nemzetnek azon rendeltetst, hogy egytt kell nekiek egy rkk tart frigyben lnik, egymssal van dics jvendjk, egymssal szemkzt mindkettjknek vesznik kell. Gozsdu nagyon j sznok volt, beszdei megjelentek az Orszggylsi Naplban.

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n 1869, a fost numit jude la Curtea Suprem a Ungariei. Bolnav fiind, a rmas n funcie numai cteva luni, iar la 3 februarie 1870 a decedat. A fost nmormntat n cimitirul Kerepesi. n testamentul din 4 noiembrie 1869, Emanuil Gojdu las o parte important a averii sale pentru nfiinarea Fundaiei Gojdu (Fundaiunea lui Gozsdu 18701952), menit s ajute cu burse studenii romni ortodoci din Ungaria i din Transilvania. Imobilele din strada Dob, strada Holl i strada Kirly fceau parte din importanta motenire a Fundaiei. Membrii Reprezentanei Fundaiei trebuia s fie totdeauna alctuit din mitropolitul ortodox romn de Sibiu, episcopii ortodoci din Transilvania i Ungaria i din trei brbai laici, de religie ortodox, iar patrimoniul Fundaiei trebuia s fie administrat de casieria Mitropoliei Ortodoxe din Sibiu. Fundaia ncepe s funcioneze la Budapesta, ncepnd cu data de 23 aprilie 1870, patronat de Congresul Naional Bisericesc din Ardeal (care a devenit apoi Mitropolia Ortodox din Ardeal). Scopul Fundaiei este de a sprijini studiile i educaia tinerilor ortodoci romni de pe teritoriul Ungariei. ntre 18711919, au fost acordate 5634 de burse. Fundaia Gojdu a alocat n jur de trei mii de burse pentru ca tinerii s studieze peste hotare, n perioada de pn la Tratatul de la Trianon. Astfel, studenii romni talentai au urmat cursuri la Berlin, la Mnchen, Heidelberg sau la Paris. Printre bursieri i gsim pe Traian Vuia, Octavian Goga, Constantin Daicoviciu, Petru Groza i Victor Babe. Fundaia Gojdu a fost una dintre cele mai importante fundaii din Imperiul Austro-Ungar. n a doua jumtate a secolului al 19-lea, cu sprijinul acestei Fundaii s-a format o intelectualitate romneasc
In 1869 Gojdu was assigned councelor of the Court of Cassation, but for health reasons, he kept this position for only a couple of months, then passed away on February 3, 1870. He was buried in the Kerepesi Cemetery. In his will dated November 4, 1869, Emanuil Gojdu leaves a considerable part of his wealth to the Gojdu Foundation (Fundaiunea lui Gozsdu 18701952), meant to assist Romanian Orthodox students in Hungary and Transylvania by granting them scholarships. The real estates located in Dob, Holl and Kirly streets, were part of the substantial inheritance of the Foundation. As a condition, the Board of Administration of the foundation had always to be made up of the Romanian Orthodox Archbishop of Sibiu, the Orthodox Bishops of Transylvania and Hungary and three other secular men of Orthodox religion, while the patrimony has to be administered from the treasury of the Metropolitan Orthodox Church of Sibiu. The foundation started its activity in Budapest on Aprin 23, 1870, under the patronage of the National Ecclesiastic Congress of Transylvania (that became later the Orthodox Metropolitan Church of Transylvania). The goal of the foundation is to support the studies and education of Romanian Orthodox youth in Hungary. Between 1871 and 1919, there were awarded 5634 scholarships. The Gojdu Foundation granted about three thousand fellowships for studies abroad in the period that ended with the Treaty of Trianon. This way, gifted Romanian students could attend studies in Berlin, Munich, Heidelberg or Paris. Among the beneficiaries of the grants we can find remarcable personalities, such as Traian Vuia, Octavian Goga, Constantin Daicoviciu, Petru Groza and Victor Babe. The Gojdu Foundation was one of the most important foundations in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, as a result of the aid offered by the foundation, a strong and efficient Romanian

1869-ben Gozsdut a legfbb tlszk brjv neveztk ki, de betegsge miatt csak pr hnapig maradt ebben az llsban, 1870 februr 3-n elhunyt. A Kerepesi temetben helyeztk rk nyugalomra. 1869. november 4-n megalkotott vgrendeletben Gozsdu Man vagyona jelents rszbl ltrehozta a Gozsdu Alaptvnyt (Fundaiunea lui Gozsdu 18701952), amely sztndjakkal segtette a magyarorszgi s erdlyi grgkeleti valls romn dikokat. Hagyatknak jelents rszt kpeztk a Dob utcban, Holl utcban s Kirly utcban tallhat ingatlanok. A kuratriumot a mindenkori nagyszebeni romn ortodox rsek, az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn grgkeleti pspkk, valamint hrom ortodox valls vilgi frfi alkottk, az alaptvny vagyont pedig a nagyszebeni ortodox rseksg pnztra kezelte. Az alaptvny 1870. prilis 23-n kezdte meg mkdst Budapesten, az Erdlyi Ortodox Nemzeti Kongresszus (a ksbbi erdlyi ortodox mitroplia) vdnksge alatt. Cljul a trtneti Magyarorszg terletn l ortodox romn ifjak tanttatsnak s nevelsnek segtst tzte ki. Az alaptvny 1871 1919 kztt 5634 sztndjat utalt ki, a trianoni bkig pedig mintegy hromezer klfldi sztndjat is sztosztott. gy vlt lehetv, hogy tehetsges romn dikok Berlinben, Mnchenben, Heidelbergben vagy Prizsban folytassk tanulmnyaikat. Az sztndjasok kztt talljuk Traian Vuiat, Octavian Gogat, Constantin Daicoviciut, Petru Grozat s Victor Babet. A Gozsdu Alaptvny volt az egyik legnagyobb magnalaptvny az Osztrk-Magyar Monarchiban, melynek tmogatsval a 19. szzad msodik felben ltrejtt egy ers s hatkony romn rtelmisg.

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puternic i eficient. n cincizeci de ani de funcionare, Fundaia a avut un rol deosebit de important n dezvoltarea culturii romneti din Transilvania i din Ungaria. Dup sfritul Primului Rzboi Mondial situaia s-a schimbat radical, deoarece patrimoniul Fundaiei a rmas n Ungaria, Reprezentana la Sibiu, n timp ce Oficiul de Administrare a bunurilor era la Budapesta, pe strada Holl numrul 8. Iar dup Trianon, numrul romnilor rmai n Ungaria a sczut considerabil, cu att mai mult al celor ndreptii la subvenii din partea Fundaiei. S-a ncercat soluionarea problemei prin articolul 249 al Tratatului de la Trianon, care obliga Ungaria s restituie patrimoniul fundaiilor. Tratativele ns au fost blocate repede, nc de la nceputul anilor douzeci, deoarece poziia guvernului ungar era, de la bun nceput, c n privina restituirii s se procedeze pe baz de reciprocitate. nainte de a ajunge la acordul definitiv din 1924, cele dou pri au ncheiat un acord interimar, potrivit cruia Reprezentana Fundaiei avea dreptul s dispun liber de patrimoniu. Pe atunci, bunurile Fundaiei constau din imobile de locuit de mare valoare, din Budapesta, din aciuni depuse la Prima Cas de Economii din Pesta (Pesti Hazai Els Takarkpnztr), iar pe teritoriu romnesc, consta dintr-o cas n Oradea i titluri de valoare administrate de Mitropolia Ortodox din Sibiu. Romnii contestau justeea revendicrilor avansate de ctre Ungaria n schimbul restituirii bunurilor Fundaiei Gojdu. O serie de tratative s-au dus ntre cele dou state ntre anii 1920 i 1930, dar nu s-a ajuns la nicio nelegere. Dei acorduri interimare au fost semnate n 1924 i n 1930, prile nu au
intellectual community came to life. In its fifty years of activity, the foundation had a crucial role in the development of the Romanian culture in Transylvania and Hungary. At the end of the First World War, the situation changed radically, because the patrimony of the Foundation was placed in Hungary, the Curatorial Council was seated in Sibiu, while the Board of Administration of the assets was based in Budapest, at 8 Holl Street, and also because the number of Romanians who remained in Hungary after the Treaty of Trianon decreased considerably, especially of those eligible for grants from the foundation. There were attempts to find a solution for this problem through Article 249 of the Treaty of Trianom, which obliged the Hungarian state to return the patrimony to the foundation. But the talks soon were blocked, from the begining of the 20s, because the Hungarian government insisted from the start on the idea that restitution should be based on reciprocity. Before reaching the final agreement in 1924, the parties made an interim agreement, according to which the representatives of the Foundation had full command on the assets of the patrimony. At that time, the assets of the foundation consisted of residential buildings of great value located in Budapest, securities deposited at the First Savings Bank of Pest (Pesti Hazai Els Takarkpnztr), and on the territory of Romania there was a house in Oradea and securities managed by the Orthodox Metropolitan Church of Sibiu. The Romanians were challenging the justness of the claims formulated by Hungary in exchange for the restitution of the assets of the Gojdu Foundation. Negotiations between the two states were initiated on several occasions during the period from 1920 to 1930, but no agreement was achieved. Despite that more interim

Az alaptvny kzel tven ves mkdse sorn nagyon fontos hatst gyakorolt az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn kultra fejldsre. Az els vilghbor befejezse utn alapveten j helyzet llt el, ugyanis az alaptvny vagyona Magyarorszgon maradt, a kuratrium azonban Nagyszebenben szkelt, mg az alaptvny Gondnoki Hivatala Budapesten a Holl u. 8. sz. alatt mkdtt. Az alaptvnyi tmogats alanyainak, az ortodox romnsgnak is csak tredke maradt magyar fennhatsg alatt. A problmt a Trianoni szerzds prblta rendezni. Ennek 249. cikkelye ktelezte Magyarorszgot, hogy visszaszolgltassa az alaptvnyok vagyont. A hszas vek elejn megindul trgyalsok azonban hamar elakadtak, mivel a magyar kormnynak kezdettl fogva az volt az llspontja, hogy viszonossgi alapon kell rendezni az alaptvny gyt. A vgleges megllapodsig 1924-ben ideiglenes egyezsget kttt a kt fl, amely szerint az alaptvnyi kpviselet szabadon rendelkezhet a vagyon felett. Ez akkor nagy rtk budapesti brhzakbl, a Pesti Hazai Els Takarkpnztrnl lettben lv rtkpaprokbl, valamint romn terleten egy nagyvradi hzbl s a nagyszebeni grgkeleti rseksg ltal kezelt rtkpaprokbl llt. A romnok vitattk a magyar ellenkvetelsek jogossgt. A hszas-harmincas vekben szmos trgyals folyt a kt orszg kzt, de kptelenek voltak megegyezni. 1924-ben s 1930-ban ktttek ugyan ideiglenes megllapodsokat, de csak 1937 oktber 27-n sikerlt megllapodniuk a kt orszg kpviselinek Bukarestben. E vgs megegyezs rtelmben Magyarorszg kteles volt kiszolgltatni 30 napon bell Romninak az alaptvny teljes vagyont. Az egyezmny ratifikcijra azonban csak

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putut cdea de acord dect la Bucureti, la 27 octombrie 1937. Conform acestui acord final, Ungaria trebuia s restituie Romniei, n termen de 30 de zile, ntreaga avere a Fundaiei. ns acordul nu fost ratificat dect mult mai trziu, parlamentul de la Bucureti l-a adoptat doar la 27 ianuarie 1938, iar Parlamentul din Ungaria la 5 iulie 1940. n urma strii de rzboi dintre Romnia i Ungaria, ncepnd din 6 septembrie 1944, a fost abrogat orice acord ncheiat anterior, deci i acordul din 1937. Situaia patrimonial a Fundaiei s-a deteriorat mult, pe de-o parte din cauza Celui De-al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, pe de alt parte din cauza inflaiei considerabile din 194546, cnd banii depui, obligaiunile, aciunile din bnci s-au devalorizat (Fundaia a nregistrat o pierdere de n jur de 600 de mii de peng de aur), iar dup rzboi, numai locuinele date n chirie i-au mai sporit avutul. ntre 1947 i 1952 destinul Fundaiei Gojdu a fost legat de procedura de expropriere n cadrul planului de urbanism (planul promenadei Madch), de dou ori pe rol la tribunalul din Budapesta (1942 i n 1944). ntruct acordul din 1937 nu a fost aplicat, Fundaia nu era considerat personalitate juridic strin, ci o fundaie ungar. Reprezentana romn de la Budapesta a cerut ntr-o not verbal, la 19 iunie 1947, amnarea executrii hotrrii de expropriere. Executarea a fost suspendat de autoritile judiciare din Budapesta pe data de 10 noiembrie 1947. Astfel, s-a nlturat primejdia demolrii unora dintre imobilele de locuit. Imobilele n proprietatea Fundaiei Gojdu au fost folosite temporar de dou instituii romneti, ncepnd din 1948. n imobilul cu numrul IV de pe pe strada Kirly, la numrul 13, n apartamentul 26 de la etajul al treilea s-a instalat Uniunea Cultural a Romnilor din Ungaria, iar
agreements were signed between 1924 and 1930, the parties finally reached an agreement in 1937, on October 27 in Bucharest. In the terms of this agreement, Hungary agreed to return to Romania the entire inheritance of the foundation within a deadline of 30 days. But the agreement was ratified only much later, on January 27, 1938 in Bucharest and on July 5, 1940 by the Hungarian Parliament. Due to the state of war between Romania and Hungary, starting with September 6, 1944, all previousely signed agreements were invalidated, including also this agreement from 1937. The material status of the foundation worsened substantially, on the one hand becase of the Second World War, on the other because of the severe inflation from 194546, when the deposits and securities devalued considerably (the foundation accounted a loss of aproximately 600,000 Golden Peng), and after the war, only the rental fees from the residential buildings generated incomes that could increase the foundations wealth. Between 1947 and 1952, the destiny of the Gojdu foundation was determined by the expropriation procedure within the urban development plan (the plan of Madch promenade), pending twice in the Budapest Court of Law (in 1942 and 1944). As the 1937 agreement did not enter in force, the Foundation was not considered a foreign legal entity, but a Hungarian foundation. The Romanian Delegation in Budapest solicited in a verbal note dated June 19, 1947 the postponment of the expropriation decision execution. The expropriation procedure was suspended by the judicial authorities from Budapest on November 10, 1947. This way, the demolition of a part of the housing buildings was avoided. Starting with 1948, the real estates of the Gojdu Foundation were temporarily used by two Romanian institutions. Building number VI from 13 Kirly Street,

nagy sokra kerlt sor, ugyanis a bukaresti parlament csupn 1938. janur 27-n, a magyar orszggyls pedig 1940. jlius 5-n hagyta jv a megllapodst. A Romnia s Magyarorszg kztt 1944. szeptember 6-n bellt hadillapot kvetkeztben a minden korbban kttt ktoldal megllapods, teht az 1937-es is, hatlyt vesztette. Az alaptvny vagyoni helyzete a msodik vilghbor miatt jelentsen megromlott. Egyrszt a Gozsdu udvar pletei komoly krokat szenvedtek a hbor alatt, msrszt pedig az 194546-os hiperinflci miatt a bankokban lv kszpnz, valamint a ktvnyek, rszvnyek elrtktelenedtek (az alaptvnynak ebbl mintegy 600 ezer aranypengnyi kra szrmazott), a vilghbor utn gyakorlatilag csupn a brhzakbl folyt be valamennyi jvedelem. A Gozsdu Alaptvny gye 1947 s 1952 kztt sszekapcsoldott a budapesti trvnyszk ltal ktszer is (1942-ben, majd 1944-ben) jraindtott, vrosrendezshez kapcsold (a Madch-stny terve) kisajttsi eljrshoz. Mivel az 1937-es egyezmny nem kerlt vgrehajtsra, az alaptvnyt nem idegen jogi szemlyknt, hanem magyar alaptvnyknt kezeltk. A budapesti romn kpviselet 1947. jnius 19-ei szbeli jegyzkben krte az pletek kisajttsval kapcsolatos brsgi dnts vgrehajtsnak elhalasztst. A vgrehajtst a magyar igazsggyi hatsgok 1947. november 10-n felfggesztettk. Az a veszly, hogy a brhzak egy rszt lebontjk, ezzel elmlt. 1948-tl kt romn intzmny is hasznlta ideiglenesen a Gozsdu Alaptvny ingatlanait. A Kirly u. 13. IV. p. III. em. 26. laksba kltztt be a Magyarorszgi Romnok Kulturlis Szvetsge. 1949-ig a Gozsdu udvarban mkdtt a

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Cminul Studenesc Nicolae Blcescu a funcionat n curtea Gojdu pn n 1949. Guvernul ungar a naionalizat imobilele i patrimoniul Fundaiei Gojdu n 1952. Emanuil Gojdu cumprase n 1832 casa lui Wilhelm Sebastian din strada Kirly, achiziionnd apoi i terenurile din jurul cldirii. n 1854 a parcelat terenul viran din strada Kirly i a construit un ir de case cu magazine. Acest complex de cldiri este cunoscut i astzi sub denumirea de Pasajul Gojdu. Vechiul cartier evreiesc, n care se afl acest complex de cldiri, i-a pstrat structura din secolul al 18-lea; astfel, dup Cetate, este cel de-al doilea cel mai vechi cartier din Budapesta, care i-a pstrat peste ani, arhitectura original. Strada Kirly era considerat o strad foarte elegant, cu multe cldiri proiectate de Pollack Mihly i Hild Jzsef. Istoria celui mai impresionant cartier, respectiv ansamblu de mici magazine i case de locuit din Budapesta, ncepe exact la rscrucea dintre secolele al 19-lea i al 20-lea. La 32 de ani dup moartea fondatorului, Reprezentana Fundaiei Gojdu a construit n 1902 cldirile de la numrul 13 din strada Kirly i de la numrul 16 din strada Dob, ct i pasajele care le unesc. Locuinele i atelierele din incint au fost date n chirie iar veniturile au contribuit considerabil la creterea patrimoniului Fundaiei. Ansamblul arhitectural, cunoscut azi sub numele de Pasajul Gojdu, a fost proiectat de un cunoscut arhitect al epocii, profesorul universitar Czigler Gyz, una dintre personalitile marcante ale arhitecturii ungureti, provine dintr-o familie de arhiteci de veche tradiie din Giula.
3rd floor, apartment 26. became the seat of the Cultural Union of the Romanians in Hungary and the Nicolae Blcescu Student Boarding House was also hosted by the Gojdu Court until 1949. In 1952, the Hungarian Government nationalized the real estates and other assets of the Gojdu patrimony. In 1832 Emanuil Gojdu purchased the house of Wilhelm Sebastian located in Kirly Street and later on bought the surrounding lands. Then, in 1854, lotted the lands form Kirly Street and built a row of buildings with residential and commercial purpose, known today under the name of Gojdu Court. The old Jewish District, where this building complex is located, kept its actual architectural structure since the 18th century, thus, it is the second oldest district of Budapest, after the Citadell, that maintained its original structure. Kirly Street was considered a very elegant street, with many building designed by architects Mihly Pollack and Jzsef Hild. The history of the most imposing residential and commercial district of Budapest started right at the turnure of 19th and 20th centuries. 32 years after the death of its founder, in 1902, the leadership of the Foundation decided to build a complex of buildings connected by interior courts on the property located between 13 Kirly Street and 16 Dob Street. The appartments and shops were rented and the incomes from these rentals increased considerably the Gojdu patrimony. The architectural complex known today as the Gojdu Court was designed by Gyz Czigler, a well-known architect and university teacher of those times. The leading figure of Hungarian architecture was an offset of a famous family of architects with old traditions from Gyula.

Nicolae Blcescu Romn Kollgium. 1952-ben a magyar kormny a Gozsdu Alaptvny ingatlanait s vagyont llamostotta. Gozsdu Man 1832-ban vette meg Wilhelm Sebastian hzt a Kirly utcban, majd a krltte lv telkeket is felvsrolta. 1854-ben felparcellzta, s egy sor zletet ptett r. Ezt az pletegyttest emlegetik ma Gozsdu udvarknt. A rgi pesti zsidnegyed megrizte 18. szzadban kialakult beptsi rendszert, gy ez a vr utn a msodik legrgebbi, eredeti szerkezett megtart negyed. A Kirly utca igen elkelnek szmtott Pollack Mihly s Hild Jzsef pleteivel. A negyed ill. Budapest egyik legimpoznsabb kiskereskedelmi s lakplet egyttesnek trtnete pontosan a 19-20. szzad forduljra nylik vissza. A Gozsdu Alaptvny vezetsge az alapt halla utn 32 vvel, 1902-ben pttette a Kirly utca 13. s a Dob utca 16. szm kztti pleteket s az azokat sszekt udvarokat. A laksokat s mhelyeket brbe adta, ebbl a jvedelembl nvelte jelents mrtkben az alaptvny vagyont. A ma Gozsdu udvarknt ismert pletegyttest Czigler Gyz egyetemi tanr, a kor jeles ptsze tervezte. A magyar ptmvszet egyik meghatroz alakja tradicionlis gyulai ptszcsald sarja. A ht pletbl s az azokat sszekt hat udvarbl ll hz fontos szerepet jtszott a pesti zsidnegyed

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Ansamblul arhitectural cu apte cldiri i un pasaj de legtur a jucat un rol important n viaa comunitii evreieti din Pesta: aici s-au organizat primele centre de rugciune, iar n pasajele comunicante, erau magazine cu amnuntul, care comercializau cu preponderen bijuterii i textile. Corpul de cldiri constituia, de fapt, ieirea spre vest a cartierului: zidul ghetoului nchidea partea dinspre strada Kirly, iar ultimul pasaj ducea spre centrul cartierului, spre strada Dob. Ansamblul de imobile dintre numrul 13 din strada Kirly i numrul 16 din strada Dob e alctuit din apte cldiri, aezate lng pasajul din mijloc (cu arcade), legate ntre ele cu ase pasaje sau curi interioare. Strada cu spaii comerciale, proiectat n mod asemntor cu pasajul Gojdu, constituit din mai multe ansambluri, cu un ir de magazine, cu sau fr acoperi, avnd i spaii de locuit la etaj, a fost o soluie arhitectural tipic pentru secolul al 19-lea, aa cum o demonstreaz i Pasajul Parizian de la Budapesta. Pasajul Gojdu, cu curile sale comunicante, este o structur rar ntlnit azi, nu numai n arhitectura budapestan, dar chiar i n ntreaga Ungarie. Ansamblul acesta nu era deloc tipic epocii dualiste. Pe lng o amplasare special a corpurilor de cldiri, gsim i soluii arhitecturale inedite, att n exterior, ct i n interiorul cldirilor. irul de curi fin arcuite, care legau strada Kirly de strada Dob, prin pasajul de 200 de metri, asigura protecia oamenilor din locuine, ateliere, magazine, crme. Cartierul era un ora n ora, un spaiu cu un nivel social mai modest, dar animat de zgomotul unei viei palpitante. Czigler Gyz a proiectat pe terenul din strada Kirly patru cldiri cu cte trei etaje, iar pe terenul
The building complex, consisting of seven blocks and six interior courts lined up along a central passage, earned an important role in the life of the Jewish community in Pest. The first tabernacles were set up here, while on the ground floor retail shops were thriving, offering for sale mostly jewelry and textiles. Actually, the building complex played the role of western gate of the district: the side from Kirly Street was limited by the ghetto wall, while the arcade of the last interior court led to the heart of the district, in Dob Street. The building complex located between 13 Kirly Street and 16 Dob Street is formed by seven blocks lined along a central passage with arcades, separated from each other by six interior courts. This type of design for commercial streets, made up by more multistorey blocks similar to the Gojdu Court, whith open-air or closed commercial spaces on street level and residential areas above were a typical architecture solution specific to large towns at the begining of the 19th century, as it is also demonstrated by the Passage Parisienne from Budapest. However, the Gojdu Courts show several specific arhitecture elements that justify its status as protected architecture monument. This type of structure with inner courts connected by a central passage is a rarity for the architecture in Budapest or even Hungary, being absolutely unusual for the period of the Austrian-Hungarian Conciliation Treaty. Besides the unique solutions used at the design of the floor plans, there were also novel elements both in the interior and the exterior of the buildings. The row of interior courts between Kirly Street and Dob Street that were alligned along a 200 meter long, finely arched passage, which offered protection for the people living here or working in one of the shops, workshops or pubs. The district worked as a town-withinthe-town, a place with a quite modest social status but animated with a busy life.

letben: itt szervezdtek a legels imakzpontok, az egymsba nyl udvarokban pedig kiskereskedelmi zletek sorjztak, melyek javarszt kszereket s textilrut knltak. Az plet tulajdonkppen a negyed nyugati kapujnak szmtott: a Kirly utca felli rszen gettfal hatrolta, az utols udvar pedig a negyed szvbe, a Dob utcba vezet. A Kirly utca 13. s Dob utca 16. kztti pletegyttes egy kzps tjrra (rkdra) felfztt ht pletbl ll tmb, melyek kztt hat bels udvar tallhat. A Gozsdu udvarhoz hasonl trszervezs, tbb egysgbl ll, nyitott, vagy fedett zletutca amelynek emeletein laksok is tallhatk jellegzetesen a 19. szzad elejnek nagyvrosi ptszeti megoldsa volt, amelyhez hasonl plet a Prisi Udvar Budapesten Az plet klnlegessge s vdelmnek alapvet oka a passzzsos, udvarsoros megolds, amely ma mr ritkasg a pesti, st a magyar ptszetben is. Ez az pletegyttes a legkevsb sem tipikus fvrosi plet a kiegyezs korbl. Nem csupn a hzak alaprajzi elrendezse egyedi, hanem az pletek kls s bels megoldsa is. Az udvarsor, amely a Kirly utct a Dob utcval kti ssze egy finoman hajl v, 200 mter hossz passzzzsal, vdte a laksok, mhelyek, boltok, kiskocsmk npt. Vros volt a vrosban, szerny nvj, de zajos lettel teli hely. Czigler Gyz a Kirly utcai telekre ngy hromemeletes-, a Dob utcai telekre pedig hrom kteme-

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din strada Dob trei cldiri cu cte dou etaje. A construit la parterul acestora 45 de magazine, legate de cldiri, respectiv de pavilioanele realizate pe loc. Strada, care trecea prin cele ase curi era pavat cu gresie, putnd fi folosit de traficul local, dar i n alte scopuri. n acest ansamblu de pasaje, numit Curtea Gojdu, se desfura o activitate comercial tumultuoas, imprimnd o not specific cartierului din Erzsbetvros. Locuinele i atelierele din strada Dob i din strada Kirly erau nchiriate n special de familii de origine evreiasc. Aceste spaii reprezentau adevrate insule izolate pentru locatarii lor. Cele apte case de aici, ct i cldirea de pe strada Holl numrul 8 fceau parte din patrimoniul Fundaiei Gojdu. n cldirea de pe strada Holl numrul 8, din anul 1900 funcioneaz Parohia Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne din Budapesta. Exproprierea cldirilor din Fundaia Gojdu era n permanen la ordinea zilei, ncepnd din anii 1930, din cauza construirii promenadei Madch. Imobilele erau trecute unul dup altul pe lista de exproprieri. Prima ofert concret privind valoarea exproprierii i-a fost trimis Oficiului Fundaiei n 1942, dar suma de dou sute de mii de peng a fost considerat a fi un pre mult prea sczut, astfel oferta nu a fost acceptat. S-a ajuns la tribunal, dar procesele au fost att de mult trgnate sub pretextul unei situaii juridice neclare, nct n 1944 cldirile au fost marcate cu steaua galben, fiind locuite de populaie evreiasc. n timpul luptelor de la Budapesta, cldirile au fost serios avariate. Anul 1944 este, cum se cunoate, anul tragediei. La sfritul lunii noiembrie, aici au fost ridicate zidurile ghetoului, n numai cteva zile. Cele patru pori ale acestuia erau zi i noapte pzite de membrii
Czigler Gyz designed four three storey buildings on the lot from Kirly Street and three buildings with two storeys on the lot from Dob Street. At the street level there were built 45 shops, connected to the main buildings and the pavilions raised on the spot. The broad passageway that crossed all six courts was paved with clinker slabs, making it unsuitable for other purposes than local trafffic. In this complex of buildings and courts, called the Gojdu Courts, an intense business activity was going on, giving a particular atmosphere to this part of the district called Erzsbetvros. The apartments and shops from Dob and Kirly Street were usually rented by Jewish families. These courts were like protective islands for those who lived here. All seven blocks and a neighbouring building from 8 Holl Street were part of the Gojdu foundation patrimony. Starting with 1900, the building from 8 Holl Street shelters the Rectory of the Romanian Orthodox Church from Budapest. The expropriation of the buildings owned by the Gojdu Foundation remained permanently on agenda starting with 1930, because of the Madch promenade construction plan. One by one, the buildings were marked on the list of expropriations. The first concrete offer regarding the compensation of the expropriation was sent to the Foundation Office in 1942, but the amount of two hundred thousand Peng was considered far too low and the offer was rejected. The case was brought to law action, but the trials were adjourned for long periods of time claiming their unsettled legal situation and finally in 1944 the buildings ended up by being marked with yellow star as building designated for Jewish population. During the battles of Second World War from Budapest, the buildings suffered severe damages.

letes pavilont tervezett. A fldszintre 45 zlethelyisget ptett, melyek sszekttetsben lltak az pletekkel, azaz a pavilonokkal. A hat udvaron vezetszles utat keramitkockval burkoltk, ezrt nem csupn a helyi forgalom lebonyoltsra volt alkalmas. A Gozsdu udvarknt emlegetett tjrhzban lnk kereskedelmi let folyt, sajtos sznfoltja volt az Erzsbetvrosnak. A Dob s Kirly utcai laksokat s mhelyeket, fleg zsid szrmazs csaldok breltk Az udvar valsgos kis szigetet jelentett az itt lknek. A felplt ht hz, valamint a Holl utca 8. a Gozsdu Alaptvny rszt kpezte. A Holl utca 8. szm alatti hzban 1900 ta a Budapesti Romn Ortodox Egyhzkzsg parkija mkdik. A Gozsdu Alaptvny hzainak kisajttsa a Madch-stny megptse miatt az 1930-as vektl kezdden folyamatosan napirenden volt. Hol egyik, hol msik ingatlan kerlt a kisajttsi listra. Az els konkrt kisajttsi ajnlatot 1942-ben kapta meg az alaptvnyi hivatal, m k, kevesellve a ktszzezer pengt, nem fogadtk el. Per lett belle, m a trgyalsokat a tisztzatlan jogi helyzetre hivatkozva egszen addig halasztottk, amg az pletek 1944-ben a zsid lakossg szmra kijellt srga csillagos hzz nem vltak. A budapesti harcok alatt az pletekben nagy krok keletkeztek. 1944 mr a tragdia ve. A gett falait november vgn pr nap alatt felptettk. Ngy kapujt llig felfegyverzett nyilasok s SS-katonk riztk. Az tjrhzak udvarn kln magas palnkkertst emel-

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organizaiei Nyilas i de soldai SS. n pasaj au fost nlate garduri. n locuine au fost nghesuii n special femei, copii i brbai n vrst. Locuri de dormit nu erau pentru toi. Organizaia internaional a Crucii Roii asigura un stoc de alimente pentru buctriile publice din ghetou. Locuitorii Curilor Gojdu primeau i ei cteva linguri de fiertur de varz sau o sup de cartofi. ns majoritatea oamenilor din ghetou s-au mbolnvit din cauza subnutriiei sau chiar au murit de foame. Dup 1945, supravieuitorii au revenit n magazinele lor. Au sosit i noi chiriai. n urma naionalizrii, manufacturierii au format cooperative, la fel i artizanii care confecionau papuci. Apoi, cei care au avut posibilitatea, i-au scos autorizaii de mici productori. Astfel, viaa i-a reluat ncet cursul n bazarul Gojdu, dei cu un avnt mult diminuat. Dup rzboi, romnii din Ungaria intenionau s foloseasc pasajele Gojdu n diverse scopuri culturale, de nvmnt, dar Ministerul Educaiei Publice le-a refuzat pe rnd cererile. ncepnd din 1948, dou instituii romneti au folosit temporar unele cldiri de aici, care, mpreun cu celelalte, au fost naionalizate n 1952. n 1990, imobilele din curtea Gojdu au ajuns n proprietatea primriei sectorului VII. Primria a publicat n 1977 o licitaie n vederea evalurii Curilor Gojdu. n 2004, societatea comercial Autker Holding S.A. a cumprat Curtea Gojdu de la societatea Magyar Ingatlan S.r.l. Dup ce firma a obinut autorizaie de construcie, n aprilie 2005 a demarat lucrrile de renovare a grupului de cldiri. Dup lucrrile de reconstrucie, inaugurarea festiv a Curii i depunerea pietrei de temelie a noii construcii
1944 is generaly known as the year of tragedy. At the end of November, in only a couple of days, the walls of the ghetto were risen. The four accessways of the ghetto were guarded day and night by armed troops of the Nyilas organisation or SS soldiers. There were fences put in place in the passages. The buildings were crowded mostly with women, children and elder men. The number of beds was insufficient. The International Red Cross provided a certain stock of food for the ghettos public kitchens, this way the inhabitants of the Gojdu buildings could get a slim portion of cabbage stew or potato soup. But most people concentrated in the ghetto got ill or even died of starvation. After 1945, the survivors returned to their shops and new tenants came in. After nationalization, the craftsmen formed co-operatives, as it happened in the case of slipper makers. Later there arrived also those who had the possibility to obtain small producer licenses. This way, life resumed its natural course at the Gojdu bazar, however in a lot lower intensity. After the war, the Romanians in Hungary intended to use the Gojdu Courts in different cultural and educational purposes, but the Ministry of Public Education rejected all their initiatives. After 1948, there were two Romanian institutions that used temporarily a part of the buildings, which, together with the rest of the Gojdu buildings, were nationalized in 1952. In 1990, the property of the Gojdu buildings was transfered to the Municipality of VII. District. Back in 1977, the Town Hall announced a public tender for the utilization of the Gojdu Courts. In 2004, Autker Holding S.A. joint-stock company purchased the Gojdu Courts complex from the Magyar Ingatlan/Hungarian Real Estate

tek. Ez trtnt a Gozsdu udvarban is. A laksokban fleg nket, gyerekeket s ids frfiakat zsfoltak ssze. Fekvhely nem jutott mindenkinek. A Nemzetkzi Vrskereszt biztostott nmi nyersanyagot a gettban mkd kz- s npkonyhk szmra. gy jutott pr deciliter kposztafzelk vagy burgonyaleves a Gozsdu-hzba is. A legtbben mgis megbetegedtek, legyengltek vagy hen haltak. 1945 utn a tllk visszatrtek zlethelyisgkbe. Volt, amelyik j brlre tallt. Az llamostst kveten a kzmvesek, papucsksztk bevonultak a ktsz-ekbe. Majd ksbb, aki tehette kivltotta a kisipari engedlyt. gy, ha szernyen is, de jra megpezsdlt az let a Gozsdu-bazrban. A hbor utn a hazai romnsg klnfle kulturlis, oktatsi clokra akarta felhasznlni a Gozsdu udvart, m a Kzoktatsgyi Minisztrium sorra elutastotta az erre vonatkoz krelmeket. 1948-tl azutn kt romn intzmny hasznlta ideiglenesen az pleteket, amelyeket 1952-ben a tbbivel egytt llamostottak. 1990-ben a Gozsdu udvar ingatlanai a VII. kerleti nkormnyzat tulajdonba kerltek. A Polgrmesteri Hivatal az udvar hasznostsra 1997 novemberben rt ki plyzatot. Az Autker Holding Rt. 2004-ben vsrolta meg a Gozsdu udvart a Magyar Ingatlan Kft.-tl. Megkapta az ptsi engedlyeket, s 2005 prilisban megkezdte az pletcsoport memlki feljtst. 2005. prilis 28-n volt a feljtsi munklatokat elindt nneplyes szalagtvgs s az nneplyes alapklettel. A feljts sorn

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au avut loc pe data de 28 aprilie 2005. Odat cu lucrrile de renovare, n Curtea Gojdu s-au realizat 120 de apartamente de lux i n jur de 24 de spaii pentru restaurante i magazine. Faadele cldirilor din curtea Gojdu i-au rectigat forma i culoarea original, datorit nregistrrii lor ca monumente de arhitectur. Acum devine posibil i amenajarea promenadei Madch, proiect dorit de mult timp. Astfel, acest cartier din Budapesta, nscris n patrimoniul UNESCO, se mbogete cu un ansamblu impresionant de cldiri rennoite. n prezent, doar dou plci comemorative (n strada Kirly i Holl) mai amintesc de proprietatea romnilor din Ungaria asupra Curii Gojdu. Doar aceste plci mai transmit posteritii mesajul motenirii culturale i morale a patrimoniului Gojdu de la Budapesta.

Strada Kirly
Gheorghe Ioanovici de Dulu (18211909), parlamentar, secretar de stat, membru al Academiei Ungare de tiine, a locuit la numrul 57, pe strada Kirly, mpreun cu soia sa, Sofia Manno, de origine macedoromn. Personalitate public de vaz, cu o avere considerabil, Gheorghe Ioanovici de Dulu deinea mai multe palate n Pesta. Casa n care locuia, ns, fusese cumprat n 1853 de socrul lui, tefan Manno, cu 28 500 forini, ca garanie a capitalului su comercial. Cldirea a fost renovat n 1853, n stil clasicist, de ctre Hild Jzsef. n 1870, odat cu introducerea canalizrii n cldire, tefan Manno a avut intenia de a construi i o fntn artezian n curte, nu numai pentru a-i mri comfortul,
Ltd. After receiving the necessary buiding permits, the company started the renovation works on the buildings in April 2005. On the 28th of April the opening of works and foundation stone ceremony took place. The reconstruction works of the Gojdu Courts resulted in 120 penthouses and 24 commercial areas for shops and restaurants. The facades of the Gojdu buildings regained their original shape and colour, this being a condition for buildings registered as arhitectural monuments. Yet, the reconstruction reopens the posibility of implementation of the Madch promenade, a project that has been desired for a long time. This way, this part of Budapest city center, declared by UNESCO as Word Heritage Site, gets adorned by an impressive complex of renovated buildings. At present, there are only two memorial plaques (one in Kirly Street, the other in Holl Street) that remind the property of the Romanians over the Gojdu Courts. These two plaques are the only to bear the cultural and moral message left by the Gojdu heritage in Budapest.

Kirly Street
Gheorghe Ioanovici of Dulu (18211909), member of parliament, secretary of state, member of the Hungarian Science Academy, lived in 57 Kirly Street, together with his wife, Sofia Manno, of Macedo-Romanian origin. As a remarkable public personality, holder of an impressive wealth, Gheorghe Ionovici of Dulu owned many palaces in Pest. However, the house where he lived was purchased in 1853 by his father-in-law, tefan Manno, for the price of 28 500 Forints, as a guarantee of his commercial capital. The building was rebuilt in 1853 in

a Gozsdu udvarban 120 luxuslaks s kzel 24 kereskedelmi s vendglt cl zlethelyisg kerlt kialaktsra. A memlki feljts sorn a Gozsdu udvar pleteinek homlokzata korabeli formjt s sznt kapta vissza. Az plet feljtsa megteremti a rgta tervezett Madch stny megvalstsnak lehetsgt is. gy a Belvros ezen rsze, melyet az UNESCO a vilgrksg rszv nyilvntott, egy valban impozns pletegyttessel gazdagodott. Napjainkban mr csak kt emlktbla (a Kirly s Holl utcban) jelzi a Gozsdu udvar egykori romn rdekeltsgt. Ezek kzvettik az utkornak a Gozsdu rksgbl megmaradt kulturlis s morlis zenetet.

Kirly utca
A Kirly u. 57-ben lakott Joannovics Gyrgy (Gheorghe Ioanovici de Dulu, 18211909), parlamenti kpvisel, llamtitkr, a Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia tagja. A vagyonos s jelents kzleti szemlyisg tbb palott birtokolt Pesten, de ebben a hzban lakott a macedoromn szrmazs felesgvel, Mann Zsfival. Apsa, Mann Istvn, 1849-ben 28 500 forintrt vsrolta a ktemeletes hzat, zleti tkje biztostkul. Az pletet 1853-ban klasszicista stlusban Hild Jzseffel alakttatta t. Mann Istvn, a vzvezetk bevezetse sorn 1870-ben, a hz dsznek emelse rdekben az udvaron szkkutat kvnt ltesteni, ettl azonban a magas vzdj miatt elllt. 1888-ban bekvetkezett halla utn,

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81

82 83 84

80. Strada Kirly odinioar Kirly Street in former times Kirly utca rgen 81. Strada Kirly n zilele noastre Kirly Street in our days Kirly utca napjainkban 82. Casa familiei Manno strada Kirly, nr. 57 The house of the Manno family, - 57 Kirly Street Mann csald hza - Kirly u. 57. 83. Gheorghe Ioanovici Joannovics Gyrg y 84. Benesch Pl: Dek Ferenc, n jurul anului 1840 Benesch Pl: Dek Ferenc, around year 1840 Benesch Pl: Dek Ferenc, 1840 krl

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ci i din considerente estetice, dar din cauza tarifului deosebit de ridicat al apei, a renunat la acest plan. Dup moartea lui, survenit n 1888, fiicele sale (Maria, soia lui Nicolae Dumba, care tria la Viena, Sofia, soia lui Gheorghe Ioanovici, din Pesta i Pelaghia, rmas necstorit), au nceput n 1896 o ampl reconstrucie a primului etaj al casei, unde locuia familia, pentru a amenaja n aceast cldire, cu faad fr personalitate, o locuin de mari burghezi. Imobilul era locuit doar de Pelaghia i de soii Ioanovici. Dar aici veneau adesea n vizit i soii Dumba, cnd ajungeau la Pesta. Astfel, n acest imobil l-a surprins moartea subit pe Nicolae Dumba, n 1900. Gheorghe Ioanovici, de origine macedoromn, s-a nscut la Timioara, la 24 noiembrie 1821. A fcut liceul n oraul natal iar studiile superioare le-a urmat la Pesta i la Bratislava. n 1842 i-a dat examenul de avocat, ns a optat repede pentru cariera de politician i de personalitate public. De foarte tnr i-a ctigat atta popularitate, nct a fost ales deputat de Timioara n dieta din Bratislava, din 18471848. n 1849 devine vicecomite (subprefect) al judeului Cara. Dup nfrngerea luptei pentru libertatea Ungariei, fuge n Turcia, dar dup un an revine n ar. Mai trziu i se intenteaz un proces la Arad i este condamnat la 12 ani de nchisoare. Ioanovici a fost nchis din 1854 la Pesta, apoi la Olmtz i va fi pus n libertate n urma amnistiei generale din 1857. n anii 1860 desfoar o vie activitate jurnalistic, public mult n ziarele Magyarorszg, Orszg, Pesti Napl. n 1865 este ales din nou deputat n circumscripia din Lugoj, zon n care deine proprieti ntinse. El va fi notarul Parlamentului pn n 1867. n perioada dintre anii 18671873, cnd ministru
Classical style by Jzsef Hild. In 1870, at the time of installing the buildings running water system, tefan Manno had the intention to order a fountain placed in the courtyard, not only to improve comfort, but also for aesthetic reasons, however he finaly gave up his plan due to the extermely high price of water. After his death in 1888, his daughters (Maria wife of Nicolae Dumba, who lived in Vienna, Sofia wife of Gheorghe Ioanovici from Pest and Pelaghia, who remained unmarried), started an ample stylish reconstruction of the houses first floor, where the family lived, in 1896 to transform this building with neutral facade into a real bourgeois residence. The building was inhabited only by Pelaghia and the Ioanovici couple, but they also hosted the Dumba couple, when on their frequent trips in Budapest. In this house Nicolae Dumba suffered sudden death in 1990. Gheorghe Ioanovici, of Aromanian origin, was born on November 24, 1821 in Timioara. He completed his middleschool studies in his birthtown and attended high education in Pest and Bratislava. He graduated law school in 1842, but soon after he decided to make a career as politician and pubic personality. From a very early age he gained an enormous popularity, being elected as deputy of Timioara in the Diet of Bratislava, in the period from 1847 to 1848. In 1849 he is appointed Viceprefect of Cara county. After the defeat of the Hungarian War for Independence, he takes refuge in Turkey, but after one year returns in the country. Later he is brought into the Arad court and is convicted to 12 years of confinement. Ioanovici was imprisoned from 1854, at first in Pest, then in Olmtz and was liberated with the general anmesty from 1857. In the 1860s he works as journalist, publishing in the Magyarorszg, Orszg, Pesti Napl newspapers. Then, in 1865 he is elected again as deputy of Lugos district, an area where he owned considerable estates. He was

lnyai a Bcsben l Mria, Dumba Miklsn, a Pesten lak Zsfia, Joannovics Gyrgyn, s a hajadon Pelgia 1896-ban nagystl talaktst vgeztek a csald ltal lakott els emeleten, egy valban nagypolgri lakst kvnva kialaktani az ignytelen homlokzat hzban. lland jelleggel itt Pelgia s a Joannovics hzaspr lakott. A Dumba hzaspr gyakori pesti tjai sorn itt szllt meg, itt rte pldul a hirtelen bekvetkezett hall Dumba Miklst 1900-ban. A macedoromn szrmazs Joannovics Gyrgy 1821. november 24-n szletett Temesvron. A gimnziumot szlvrosban vgezte, a felsbb tanulmnyait Pesten s Pozsonyban. 1842-ben letette az gyvdi vizsgt, azonban hamar kzleti-politikai plyra lpett. Igen fiatalon npszersgre tett szert, az 1847-48-as orszggylsi lsen Temesvr kvete. 1849-ben Krass vrmegye msodalispnja. A szabadsgharc buksakor Trkorszgba meneklt, de egy v mlva visszatrt hazjba. Utbb Aradon perbe fogtk, s 12 vi brtnre tltk. 1854-tl Pesten, majd Olmtzben raboskodott, de az 1857-es ltalnos amnesztia sorn szabadon bocstottk. Az 1860-as vekben lnk publicisztikai tevkenysget fejtett ki, sokat rt a Magyarorszg, Orszg, Pesti Napl c. lapokban. 1865-ben jra kpviselv vlasztottk a lugosi krzetben, ahol nagybirtokai voltak. 1867-ig az Orszggyls jegyzje. Az 18671873 kztti peridusban, Etvs Jzsef minisz-

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era Etvs Jzsef, Ioanovici a fost secretar de stat n Ministerul Cultelor i al Culturii Publice. ndemnat de Etvs, s-a ocupat mpreun cu doi subalterni ai si (Roescu i Cavaleriu de Pucariu) de proiectul de lege privind separarea Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne de cea srb. Ioanovici i-a fost de mare ajutor lui Andrei aguna, mitropolitul romn din Transilvania, la redactarea Statutului Organic al Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne din Transilvania i din Ungaria. n 1868 a participat la sinodul de la Sibiu, for n cadrul cruia a fost adoptat acest Statut agunian. Ioanovici a luptat mult pentru autonomia Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne din Transilvania i din Ungaria i pentru libertatea folosirii limbii romne. n a doua jumtate a secolului al 19-lea el a fost mecenat al evenimentelor culturale romneti din Budapesta. Emanuil Gojdu pe el l-a numit a fi unul dintre executorii testamentului su. n ciclul parlamentar 18741881 el va fi din nou deputat. Dup moartea lui Dek Ferenc de care-l lega o strns prietenie Ioanovici renun la activitatea politic. Pe lng activitatea de publicistic, Ioanovici este i autor al unor studii de lingvistic, publicate n Pesti Napl, Nyelvtudomnyi Kzlny i Magyar Nyelvr. El a fost i un adept ndrjit al micrii cunoscute sub numele de nnoirea limbii maghiare. Pe baza rezultatelor atinse n domeniul lingvistic, n 1867 Ioanovici este ales membru corespondent al Academiei de tiine Ungare iar n 1883 devine academician cu drepturi depline. ntre 18821895, deine funcia de preedinte al Comisiei de Lingvistic a Academiei. n 1871, el este unul dintre fondatorii Societii Kisfaludy. Din 1864, este preedinte al Asociaiei Szabad Lyceum, constituit pentru popularizarea lecturii. Intr n francmasonerie ncepnd
appointed notary of the Parliament untill 1867. In the period between 1867 and 1873, when Jzsef Etvs was the holder of the ministerial portfolio, Ioanovici was appointed secretary of state in the Ministry of Religion and Public Culture. Urged by Etvs, together with two of his subordinates (Roescu and Cavaleriu of Pucariu) he prepared a bill on the topic of the automony of the Serbian and Romanian Greek-Oriental Churches. Ioanovici was of great help to Andrei aguna, the Romania Metropolitan from Transylvania when he formulated the Organic Statute of the Romanian Orthodox Church from Transylvania and Hungary. In 1868 Iovanovici took part at the meeting of the Synod Assembly of Sibiu, where this statute was adopted. Ioanovici struggled a lot for the autonomy of the Romanian Orthodox Church from Transylvania and Hungary and for free usage of the Romanian language. In the second half of the 19th century he was the patron of Romanian cultural events in Budapest. Emanuel Gojdu nominated him as one of the executors of his will. Iovanovici was elected deputy again for the 18741881 parliamentary cycle. After the death of Dek Ferenc a very close friend of his Ioanovici retired from politics. Besides his activity as publisher, Ioanovici was also an author of linguistic studies, published in Pesti Napl, Nyelvtudomnyi Kzlny and Magyar Nyelvr. He was an ardent sustainer of the movement known as the ennoblement of Hungarian language. Based on his achievements in Liguistics, in 1867 Iovanovici was accepted as coresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and in 1883 he becames a full member of the Academy. Between 1882 and 1895 he was named president of the Linguistic Commission of the Academy. In 1871 he was one of the found-

tersge alatt, a Vallsgyi s Kzmveldsi minisztrium llamtitkri posztjt tlti be. Etvs utastsra, kt romn beosztottjval (Roescu s Cavaleriu de Pucariu) foglalkozott a grgkeleti szerb s romn egyhzak nkormnyzatra vonatkoz trvnyjavaslattal. Ioanovici nagy segtsget nyjtott Andrei Saguna erdlyi romn ortodox metropolitnak az Erdlyi s Magyarorszgi Romn Ortodox egyhz alapszablynak ltrehozshoz. 1868-ban rszt vett a nagyszebeni zsinaton, ahol elfogadtk az egyhzi alapszablyt. Joannovics sokat kzdtt az erdlyi s magyarorszgi romn ortodox egyhz fggetlensgrt, a romn nyelv hasznlatrt. A 19. szzad msodik felben anyagilag tmogatta a budapesti romn kulturlis esemnyeket. Gozsdu Man t nevezte meg vgrendeletnek egyik vgrehajtjaknt. Az 18741881 kztti ciklusban ismt orszggylsi kpvisel. Dek Ferenc halla utn kihez mly bartsg fzte felhagy politikai tevkenysgvel. Publicisztikai munkssga mellett nyelvszeti problmkkal is foglalkozott. Publiklt a Pesti Naplban, Nyelvtudomnyi Kzlnyben s a Magyar Nyelvrben. Harcolt a magyar nyelvjtsrt. A nyelvtudomnyban elrt eredmnyei alapjn, 1867-ben megvlasztjk a Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia levelez tagjv, 1883-ban pedig rendes tagja lett a tuds trsasgnak. 1882-1895 kztt az MTA Nyelvtudomnyi Bizottsgnak elnke. 1871-ben alapt tagja volt a Kisfaludy Trsasgnak. A npszer s kzhaszn felolvassok tartsra alakult Szabad Lyceum egyletnek az elnke 1864-tl. Joannovics

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cu anul 1871 i devine mare maestru n 1871. Este preedinte al Marii Loje Simbolice din Ungaria. Gheorghe Ioanovici a murit la 10 februarie 1909, la Budapesta. Catafalcul lui a fost expus n aula Academiei de tiine Ungare. Personaliti de vaz ale tiinei i culturii maghiare i romneti i-au luat un ultim rmas bun de la el. A fost nmormntat dup ritul Bisericii Ortodoxe, n cimitirul Kerepesi.

Pesta, Jzsefvros
Strada Mria
Victor Babe (personalitate al crui nume l poart Universitatea Babe-Bolyai din Cluj) a locuit n imobilul cu numrul 10 de pe strada Mria, n sectorul VIII, din Budapesta. Babe a fost unul dintre marii oameni de tiin ai veacului su, bacteriolog de renume internaional. A scris n jur de o mie trei sute de studii, articole, monografii. Spre deosebire de muli bacteriologi ai epocii care considerau c mbolnvirile sunt cauzate n exclusivitate de bacterii, el a atras atenia deja n primele articole ale sale asupra importanei reaciilor organismului uman. Babe i-a nscris numele n istoria tiinei prin concepia sa de integrare prin combinarea aspectelor microbiologice i histopatologice, prin abordarea patomorfologic a procesului contagios i prin descrierea a peste de 30 de microbi. Victor Babe s-a nscut la Viena, la 28 iulie 1854. Mama sa, Sofia Holdscheid provenea dintr-o
ing members of Kisfaludy Society. Since 1864 he became president of the Szabad Lyceum/Free Lyceum/ Association, that came to life with the aim of popularization of lectures. Joins Freemasonry and becomes Grand Master in 1871. He was a member of the Symbolic Grand Lodge of Hungary. Gheorghe Ioanovici died on February 10, 1909 in Budapest. His bier was placed in the Grand hall of the Hungarian Science Academy. Prominent figures of culture and science came to take a last farwell from him. He was buried by Orthodox funeral ritual in Kerepesi Cemetery

Pest, Jzsefvros
Maria Street
Victor Babe (scientist, the name-giver of the University Babe-Bolyai from Cluj) lived in the building at number 10 Mria Street, 8th District of Budapest. Babe was one of the great scientists of his century, a world-renown bacteriologist. He wrote about one thousand three hundres studies, articles and monographs. Apart from the majority of the bacteriologists of the time who considered that illnesses are exclusively caused by bacteria, in his early articles he draw the attention to the importance of the reactions of human body. Babe earned a notable name in the world of science by his integrated concept that combines microbiology and histopathology, the morphopathologic approach of the infectious process, and by the identification and description more than 30 germs.

szabadkmves volt, 1871-tl nagymester. A Magyarorszgi Symbolikus Nagypholy elnke. Joannovics Gyrgy 1909 februr 10-n hunyt el Budapesten. A Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia auljban ravataloztk fel. A magyar s romn tudomny s kultra prominensei vettek tle vgs bcst. Az ortodox egyhz szertartsai szerint temettk el a Kerepesi temetben.

Pest, Jzsefvros
Mria utca
Victor Babe (rla kapta nevnek felt a kolozsvri Babe-Bolyai Egyetem) Budapesten a VIII. kerleti Mria u. 10-ben lakott. A bakteriolgia egyik kiemelked nemzetkzi alakja, klasszikusa. Mintegy ezerhromszz tanulmnyt, cikket, monogrfit rt. Kora szmos bakteriolgustl eltren akik a megbetegedsek ltrejttben kizrlag a baktriumok hatsval szmoltak mr els rsaiban felhvta a figyelmet a szervezet vlaszreakciinak jelentsgre. Babe integratv, a mikrobiolgit s krszvettani nzpontot egyest felfogsa, a fertz folyamat patamorfolgiai szemlleteknt s tbb mint 30 mikroba lerjaknt ismeretes a tudomnytrtnetben. Victor Babe 1854. jlius 28-n szletett Bcsben. desanyja Sofia Holdscheid bcsi polgrlny, apja

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87 88

86
85. Victor Babe 86. Angela Babe cu familia sa Angela Babe with her family Angela Babe csaldjval 87. Regina Elisabeta, Sissi Queen Elisabeth, Sissi Erzsbet kirlyn, Sissi 88. Imobilul de pe strada Mria, nr. 10 The building from 10 Mria Street Mria u. 10. sz alatt lv plet

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familie burghez din Viena, iar tatl, Vinceniu Babe, de origine din Banat, a fost jurist, politician i jurnalist, fondator al Partidului Naional Romn din Ungaria i parlamentar n Ungaria timp de treizeci de ani. Vinceniu Babe avea legturi trainice i cu cercurile progresiste din Romnia: a fost membru fondator al Academiei Romne i colaborator al mai multor reviste romne de prestigiu. Din cei nou copii ai familiei Babe, urmtorii au realizat o carier tiinific demn de atenie: Aurel (18521925), Victor (18541926), Emil (18581917) i Angela (18561930). Aurel, dup studiile fcute la Budapesta i la Heidelberg n laboratorul Bunsen a devenit profesor la Facultatea de Medicin din Bucureti. Cel mai tnr dintre frai, Emil, a devenit avocat de renume la Budapesta, a redactat o revist i a fost cunoscut ca reprezentant al politicii naionale romne moderate. ntreaga sa existen a fost legat de Budapesta. Angela, fata mai mare, a terminat farmacologia la Universitatea din Pesta i a trit cu familia la Gdll, fiind bun prieten cu Sissi, Elisabeta, regina Ungariei. Tnra inteligent, foarte artoas, clrea desvrit, era un deosebit partener de conversaii, avea cunotine solide att din tiinele reale, ct i din cele umaniste. Angela avea acces la curtea vienez prin intermediul mprtesei Sissi, nsui Franz Josif i acorda adesea atenie. Victor Babe i-a fcut studiile elementare i medii la Lugoj i la Viena, a nceput medicina la Budapesta, pentru a o termina, n 1878, la Viena. Apoi a revenit n capitala ungar, unde i-a nceput cariera ca asistent universitar la Facultatea de Medicin din Budapesta. Activitatea sa de profesor i de cercettor a fost deosebit de intens n Budapesta, deoarece, pe
Victor Babe was born in Vienna, on June 28, 1854. His mother, Sofia Holdscheid came from a Viennese bourgeois family, while his father, Vinceniu Babe, originating from Banat, was a lawyer, politician and journalist, founder of the Romanian National Party from Hungary and member of the Hungarian Parliament for thirty years. Vinceniu Babe had strong connections with the progressist circles from Romania: he was founding member of the Romanian Academy and correspondent of many prestigious Romanian magazines. Out of their nine children, the following achieved a scientific career worthy of attention: Aurel (18521925), Victor (18541926), Emil (18581917) and Angela (18561930). Aurel, after completing his studies in Budapest and Heidelberg at the Bunsen laboratory became teacher at the Bucharest Medical Faculty. The youngest brother, Emil, became a famous lawyer in Budapest, he edited a magazine and was known as a follower of the moderate Romanian national policy. His entire existence related to Budapest. The elder sister, Angela, graduated Pharmacology at the University of Pest and lived with the family in Gdll, being a good friend of Sissi, Elisabeth, the Queen of Hungary. The intelligent and attractive young lady, a very good horserider, was an excellent conversation companion and had a sound knowledge of exact sciences and humanities as well. Assisted by Empress Sissi, Angela was successful at the Viennese Imperial Court, even Emperor Franz Joseph maked remarks about her quite often. Victor Babe completed his elementary and midlevel studies in Lugos and Vienna, started medical studies in Budapest and comleted them in 1878, in Vienna. Then returned in the Hungarian capital, where he started his career as university assistant Professor at the Budapest Medical Faculty.

pedig a bnsgi szrmazs Vinceniu Babe jogsz, politikus, jsgr, a Magyarorszgi Romn Nemzeti Prt egyik alaptja, aki harminc ven t a magyar orszggyls tagja. Romnia halad kreihez is szoros szlak fztk: alapt tagja a Romn Tudomnyos Akadminak s munkatrsa tbb rangos romn folyiratnak. Kilenc gyereke kzl: Aurl (1852-1925), Viktor (18541926), Emil (18581917) s Angela (18561930) kiemelked tudomnyos plyt futottak be. Aurl budapesti s heidelbergi tanulmnyai utn melyeket Bunsen laboratriumban vgzett a bukaresti orvosi kar professzora lett. A legfiatalabb gyermek Emil, hres budapesti gyvd, lapot szerkesztett, a mrskelt romn nemzeti politika kpviseljeknt ismertk. lete teljesen Budapesthez ktdtt. Angela, az idsebbik lny, a pesti egyetemen szerzett gygyszerszi vgzettsget, Gdlln lt csaldjval, s Erzsbet kirlyn, Sissi, kzeli bartnje. A fiatal, okos, igen csinos, kivlan lovagl teremts, elsrend trsalkod trs, humn- s rel tudomnyokban egyarnt otthonosan mozg intellektus. Sissi rvn Angela otthonosan mozgott a legfels udvari krkben, Ferenc Jzsef is rendszeresen kitntette figyelmessgvel. Victor Babe elemi s kzpiskolai tanulmnyait Lugoson s Bcsben vgezte, orvosi tanulmnyait Budapesten kezdte, majd 1878-ban Bcsben fejezte be. Innen ismt a magyar fvrosba vezetett az tja: a budapesti orvosegyetem tanrsegdjeknt kezdte plyjt. Pesti munkssga mind oktati, mind tudomnyos vonatkozsban igen gazdag, hiszen a krbonctani kutats mellett, egyik magyaror-

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lng studiile de patologie, el a fost i unul dintre pionierii bacteriologiei, domeniu care pe atunci era doar n faz incipient. n 1880, a fost numit profesor privat i ef al laboratorului de bacteriologie, condus de Kornyi Frigyes, iar n 1884, devine profesor public extraordinar de histopatologie. Babe a fost investit cu atribuii speciale, astfel i s-a ncredinat conducerea seciei autonome de anatomie patologic de la spitalul Stefnia. Redactorul ef al Sptmnalului de Medicin (Orvosi Hetilap), unul din ndrumtorii formrii medicilor n Ungaria, Markusovszky Lajos, a jucat un rol important n progresul rapid al carierei lui Babe. Datorit lui Markusovszky, Babe a primit o burs de stat pe anul universitar 1882/83, ca i n 1884/85, pentru a-i continua studiile n Germania i n Frana. Atunci i-a cunoscut personal pe Louis Pasteur i pe Robert Koch. A avut ocazia s studieze metodele cele mai moderne de microbiologie i de histopatologie. Andr Victor Cornil, profesorul su de histopatologie de la Paris, i-a dat seama de cunotinele bogate ale tnrului i l-a invitat s redacteze mpreun cu el un important studiu cu titlul Les bactries et leur rle dans lanatomie et lhistologie pathologiques des maladies infectieuses, care a constituit, de fapt, primul manual de bacteriologie din lume. Academia francez a decernat acestui studiu, publicat n 1885, la Paris, marele premiu Monthyon. Dup ce a revenit la Budapesta, Babe a redactat, n 1886, un Scurt manual de Bacteriologie (Bakteriolgia rvid tanknyve), care este primul manual de bacteriologie n limba maghiar este recunoscut
His activity as professor and researcher was very prolific in Budapest, because besides activity in the field of pathology, he was one of the pioneers of bacteriology, a science in its early period at that time. In 1880 he was nominated private professor and chief of the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Internal Disease Clinic, led at that time by Kornyi Frigyes, then in 1884, he earns the title of extraordinary public professor of Histopathology. Babe was invested with special powers, he was entrusted to lead the Independent Pathological Anatomy Section from the Stefnia Hospital. The chief editor of the Medical Weekly Review and one of the mentors of medical education in Hungary, Lajos Markusovszky, played a major role in the rapid ascent of Babes career. With Markusovszkys help, Babe earned a scholarship for university year 1882/83, as well as for 1884/85, to continue his studies in Germany and France. There he met personally Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. He had the opportunity to study the most upto-date methods of microbiology and histopathology. Noticing his abundant knowledge, Andr Victor Cornil, professor of histopathology in Paris, invited the young Romanian scientist to be co-author of the study entitled Les bactries, which actually proved to be the first Bacteriology textbook in the world. The French Academy awarded this study, published in 1885 in Paris, with the Monthyon Grand Prize. After his return to Budapest, Babe published in 1886 A short textbook of Bacteriology (Bakteriolgia rvid tanknyve), which is not only the first bacteriology textbook written in Hungarian, but is also recognised as one of the most origial works from this field. This textbook, together whith the discovery of the pathogen protozooas that were named after him (Babesia) represent the culmination of Babes activity in Budapest. At the request of

szgi ttrje az akkor mg gyerekcipben jr bakteriolginak is. 1880-ban egyetemi magntanrr s a Kornyi Frigyes vezette belgygyszati klinika bakteriolgiai laboratriumnak vezetjv, 1884-ben pedig a krszvettan nyilvnos rendkvli tanrv neveztk ki. nll munkakrt is kapott, a Stefnia krhz krbonctani rszlegnek vezetsvel bztk meg. Gyors szakmai elrehaladsban segtette Markusovszky Lajos, a magyarorszgi orvoskpzs egyik irnytja, az Orvosi Hetilap fszerkesztje. Neki ksznhette, hogy az 1882/83-as, majd az 1884/85s tanvben llami sztndjat kapott nmet- s franciaorszgi tanulmnytjaira. Ekkor kttt szemlyes ismeretsget Louis Pasteur-rel s Robert Kochhal. Alkalma addott a legkorszerbb mikrobiolgiai s krszvettani mdszerek tanulmnyozsra. Szles kr ismereteit ltva, Andr Victor Cornil, a krbonctan prizsi professzora felkrte a fiatal romn tudst, hogy egytt rjk meg a Les bactries (A baktriumok) cm munkt, a vilg els bakteriolgiai kziknyvt. Az 1885-ben Prizsban megjelent knyvet a Francia Akadmia Monthyon-nagydjjal tntette ki. Budapestre val visszatrte utn, 1886-ban Babe megrta a Bakteriolgia rvid tanknyvt, amely nem csupn az els magyar nyelv bakteriolgiai kziknyv, hanem vilgviszonylatban is az elsk kztt szmon tartott eredeti alkots. Budapesti munkssgnak cscspontja ez a m, valamint a rla elnevezett egysejt krokozk (a Babesik) felfedezse. A kormnyzat megbzsbl Hgyes Endrvel

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n lume ca una dintre operele originale n domeniu. Acest manual, mpreun cu descoperirea protozoarelor patogene, care-i poart numele (Babesiile) constituie apogeul activitii lui Babe la Budapesta. La cererea guvernului, Babe a creat la Budapesta, mpreun cu Hgyes Endre, cel de-al treilea institut Pasteur din lume, unde se prepara vaccinul pentru vindecarea turbrii. n acelai an, Babe s-a cstorit cu Torma Josefina, fiica renumitului profesor i academician de la Budapesta, Torma Kroly. Cununia a avut loc la Biserica Ortodox Greco-Romn din piaa Petfi, pe data de 1 mai 1886. Naul de cununie al lui Babe a fost Alexandru Mocioni. n 1887, Victor Babe este chemat n Romnia. Este numit profesor la catedra de bacteriologie i histopatologie a facultii din Bucureti. n 1889, cnd renun definitiv la postul su din Budapesta, el public o declaraie n Sptmnalul de Medicin, mulumind tuturor acelora care l-au susinut n anii petrecui la Budapesta. La Institutul de Patologie i Bacteriologie de la Bucureti, pe care l-a condus timp de patru decenii, el a desfurat o intens activitate de cercetare i de predare i a efectuat multe lucrri practice. Babe a fondat societatea de anatomie, care a devenit unul dintre forurile cele mai de vaz ale tiinei n Romnia. A publicat o gazet de medicin, care a ctigat renume i n strintate, denumit Analele Institutului de Patologie i Bacteriologie din Bucureti (1889). A fost mult timp redactorul ef al revistei Romnia medical i mpreun cu ali savani romni a participat la publicarea revistei Archives des scienses mdicales (1896). n 1895 a fost ales membru al Academiei Romne.
the government, Babe, together with Endre Hgyes, set up in Budapest the third Pasteur Institute in the world where antrabies vaccine was produced. In the same year, Babe married Josefina Torma, daughter of Torma Kroly, the renown professor and academician in Budapest. The wedding ceremony took place in the Orthodox church from Petfi square, on May 1, 1886. Babe invited Alexandru Mocioni as his best man. In 1887, Victor Babe was called to Romania. He was appointed professor at the Bacteriology and Histopathology Department of the University of Bucharest. In 1889, when he finally resigned from his position in Budapest, he publishes a declaration in the Medical Weekly Review, expressing his gratitude for all who gave him support during the years spent in Budapest. At the Institute of Pathology and Bacteriology from Bucharest, that functioned under his leadership for four decades, he carried out an intense research and educational work and several practical activities. Babe founded the Society of Anatomy, which became one of the most prominent scientific forums in Romania. He published a medical magazine, that became apreciated also abroad, entiteld Analele Institutului de Patologie i Bacteriologie din Bucureti (1889) (Annals of the Pathology and Bacteriology Institute of Bucharest [1889]). He was chief editor of Romanian Medical Review and together with other Romanian scientists he engaged in the publication of the magazine Archives des scienses mdicales (1896). In 1895 he was elected member of the Romanian Academy. After the unification of Transylvania with Romania in 1919, Babe rushed to Cluj in order to bring his contribution to the organising of the towns new university. This time, the old scientist gave lectures in Cluj only

kzsen Budapesten ltrehoztk a vilg harmadik, veszettsget gygyt Pasteur Intzett. Ugyanebben ez vben Babe sszehzasodott Torma Josefinval, a hres pesti professzor s akadmikus, Torma Kroly lenyval. Az eskvt a Petfi tri Grg-romn templomban tartottk 1886. mjus 1-n. Eskvi tannak Mocsonyi Sndort krtk fel. Victor Babet 1887-ben Romniba hvtk. A bukaresti egyetem bakteriolgia- s krbonctan professzorv neveztk ki. 1889-ben, amikor vglegesen lemondott pesti llsrl, az Orvosi Hetilapban kzztett nyilatkozatban ksznetet mondott mindazoknak, akik magyarorszgi vei alatt tmogattk. Bukaresti munkssgnak mintegy ngy vtizede alatt a vezetse alatt ll krtani s bakteriolgiai intzetben sokoldal kutat, oktat s gyakorlati munka folyt. Babe alaptotta meg az anatmiai trsasgot, a tudomny egyik legrangosabb romniai frumt. Elindtotta a klfldn is visszhangra tallt orvosi kzlnyt, az Analele Institutului de Patologie i Bacteriologie din Bucureti-t (1889). Hossz ideig szerkesztette a Romania medical cm folyiratot, s tbb ms romn tudssal egytt a Prizsban megjelen Archives des scienses mdicales (1896) alaptsban is rszt vett. 1895-ben a Romn Tudomnyos Akadmia tagjv vlasztottk. Erdlynek Romnival trtnt egyestst kveten, 1919-ben, Babe Kolozsvrra sietett, hogy egyik szervezje legyen az ottani j romn egyetemnek. Az ids tuds nhny hnapig oktatott is a vrosban.

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Dup unirea Transilvaniei cu Romnia, n 1919, Babe s-a grbit s ajung la Cluj, pentru a contribui la organizarea noii universiti romneti din ora. Savantul era deja n vrst, a predat doar cteva luni la Cluj. O dovad elocvent a convingerilor sale democratice era faptul c preda studenilor de limb maghiar, care nu cunoteau nc limba romn, n limba lor matern. Babe a rmas pn la sfritul vieii un sincer prieten al poporului maghiar. n 1926, cu numai o lun dup ieirea lui la pensie, a murit de infarct, la 72 de ani.

Buda
Piaa Sfintei Treimi Szenthromsg tr
n Cetatea Budei, la numrul 6 din Piaa Szenthromsg, funciona Tipografia Universitii din Buda, unul dintre cele mai mari centre n care s-a editat carte romneasc n acea vreme lund n considerare i tipografiile din Ardeal i pe cele de dincolo de Carpai. ntre1780 i 1830, s-au tiprit aici peste 200 de cri romneti. n 1777, Maria Tereza a mutat la Buda Tipografia Universitii din Nagyszombat, fondat de episcopul de Pecs, Telegdi Mikls, n 1577. Tipografia a devenit cunoscut, avnd importan nu numai pentru naionalitile care triau pe teritoriul de atunci al Ungariei, ci i pentru popoarele nvecinate.
for a couple of months. Clear evidence of his democratic convictions was the fact that he gave lectures for the Hungarian students who did not yet have sufficient Romanian language skills, in their mothertongue. Babe remained untill the end of his days a devoted friend of the Hungarian nation. In 1926, only one month after his retirement, he passed away at the age of 72 years of a heart attack.

Buda
Holy Trinity Square Szenthromsg tr
In the Fortress of Buda, at number 6 Holy Trinity Square operated the University Press from Buda, one of the most important publishing centres for Romanian books of those times even if those were considered to be from Transylvania or from over the Carpathians. Between 1780 and 1830, here were printed more then 200 Romanian books. In 1777, Empress Maria Theresa ordered the moving of the University Press from Nagyszombat founded in 1577 by Telegdi Mikls, Bishop of Pecs to Buda. The press gained popularity, being important for the nationalities that lived on the territory of Hungary at that time, but also for the neighbouring nations. Book seller Zaharia Carcalechi was the best in distributing most of the Romanian volumes of the printery, selling the books published in Buda on the entire territory of Walachia and Moldavia.

Demokratikus hitt mi sem bizonytja hvebben, mint az, hogy a romnul mg nem tud magyar hallgatinak kszsgesen demonstrlt az anyanyelvkn. lete vgig a magyar np szinte bartja maradt. 1926-ban, hetvenkt ves korban, nyugdjaztatsa utn alig egy hnappal, szvinfarktus vetett vget az letnek.

Buda
Szenthromsg tr
A Vrban, a mai Szenthromsg tr 6. sz. alatt mkdtt a Budai Egyetemi Nyomda, amelyet belertve az erdlyi s a Krptokon tli romn knyvnyomdkat is a korabeli romn knyvkiads egykori legnagyobb kzpontjaknt tartanak szmon. 17801830 kztt tbb mint 200 romn knyvet nyomtattak itt. A Telegdi Mikls, pcsi pspk ltal 1577-ben Nagyszombaton alaptott, az ottani egyetemhez tartoz nyomdt 1777-ben Mria Terzia helyeztette t Budra. Ettl kezdve nemcsak az egykori Magyarorszgon l nemzetisgek, de a szomszdos npek krben is kzismertt vlt. A nyomda romn

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Vnztorul de cri Zaharia Carcalechi a fost cel care a propagat cel mai mult ediiile romneti ale tipografiei, vnznd crile aprute la Buda pe tot cuprinsul rii Romneti i al Moldovei. Tipografia universitar a editat marea majoritate a crilor pentru minoritile naionale din Ungaria, astfel i cri n limba romn, pentru romnii greco-catolici din Ardeal, cri bisericeti, manualele colare, publicaii tiinifice, beletristic i cri de propagare a cunotinelor. O bun parte a acestor publicaii erau tiprite, conform tradiiei de atunci, cu caractere chirilice, dar s-au publicat i o serie de scrieri cu caractere latine. Iluminismul romnesc a fost reprezentat, n primul rnd, de scriitorii aa-numitei coli Ardelene: Samuil Micu-Clain, Gheorghe incai i Petru Maior. Tipografia Universitii din Buda a jucat un rol important n edificarea carierei acestora, n desfurarea activitii lor tiinifice, fiind toi angajaii, revizorii, cenzorii, corectorii Tipografiei. O plac comemorativ amintete azi de aceti corifei. Reprezentanii colii Ardelene au argumentat, pentru prima oar, originea istoric i lingvistic latin a romnilor, ceea ce a avut o mare influen asupra dezvoltrii culturii i sentimentului naional comun al romnilor din Transilvania, Moldova i ara Romneasc. La nceputul secolului al 19-lea, cei trei lucrau la Tipografia Universitii din Buda ca cenzori sau corectori i au avut un rol considerabil n editarea celor o sut de volume romneti care au aprut i prin munca lor. Petru Maior a publicat, n 1812, Istoria pentru nceputul romnilor n Dachia, cea mai eficient oper dintre cele editate de membrii triadei, n privina popularizrii teoriei continuitii
The University Press edited most of the books for the national minorities in Hungary, including the ones in Romanian language for the Greek-Catholic Romanians from Transilvania, religious books, textbooks for schools, scientific publications, belled-lettres and poular science books. As practice of those days required, a considerable part of these books were printed with Cyrillic letters, but there were also several books printed in the Latin alphabet. The Romanian Enlightement was represented by the writers belonging to the group called Transylvanian School (coala Ardelean in Romanian) such as Samuil Micu-Clain, Gheorghe incai i Petru Maior. The University Press from Buda played a major role in the asccention of their career, in their scientific activity, all of them being employees, revisers, censors or proof-readers of the Press. Today a memorial plaque reminds us of all these scholars. Representatives of the Transylvanian School were the first to bring arguments in the favor of the Latin historic and linguistic origin of the Romanians, that had a huge influence on the development of culture and common national conscience of the Romanians from Transylvania, Moldova and Walachia. At the begining of 19th century, those who were censors or proof-readers of the University Press from Buda had a considerable role in the editing of the one hundred Romanian books that apeared as a result of their activity. In 1812 Petru Maior published The Early History of Romanians in Transylvania, the most efficient work from those edited by the members of the triplet regarding the promovation of the Daco-Roman continuity. The climax of their activity was the publication of a dictionary aiming at updating and Latinisation the language, entitled Lexicon Budense, edited in Buda in four languages (Romanian Latin Hungarian German Lexicon).

knyveinek terjesztse rdekben Zaharia Carcalechi knyvgynk tette a legtbbet, hiszen egsz Havasalfldn s Moldvban rustotta azokat. Az Egyetemi Nyomda adta ki a magyarorszgi nemzetisgek gy az erdlyi grg katolikus romnok szmra is az egyhzi, iskolai, tudomnyos, valamint szpirodalmi s ismeretterjeszt jelleg romn nyelv knyvek nagy rszt. Ezek tbbsgt az akkori szoksnak megfelelen cirill betkkel nyomtk, de szmos latin bets romn kiadvnyt is kzreadtak. A felvilgosods eszmit a romnoknl elssorban az n. Erdlyi Iskola ri, Samuil Micu-Clain, Gheorghe incai s Petru Maior kpviseltk. Tudomnyos plyjuk, munkssguk kibontakozsban fontos szerepet jtszott a Budai Egyetemi Nyomda, amelynek alkalmazsban lltak revizorknt, cenzorknt, korrektorknt. E tnyre az plet faln ma mrvnytbla emlkeztet. Az Erdlyi Iskola kpviseli bizonytottk be elszr a romnsg trtneti s nyelvszeti rtelemben vett latin eredett, ami az erdlyi, a moldvai, a havasalfldi romnsg kulturlis s nemzeti fejldsben is fontos szerepet jtszott. A 19. szzad elejn mindhrman komoly szerepet vllaltak az Egyetemi Nyomda ltal kiadott kzel szz romn knyv megszletsben. Petru Maior 1812-ben adta ki az erdlyi romnsg trtnetnek kezdeteirl szl mvt, amely a trisz tagjainak mvei kzl a legnagyobb hatssal terjesztette a d-

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90
89. Gheorghe incai 90. Exteriorul cldirii din Piaa Sfintei Treimi, n zilele noastre Exterior of the building from Szenthromsg Square in our days Szenthromsg tri plet napjainkban kvlrl 91. Cldirea Tipografiei de la Buda, n Piaa Sfintei Treimi, pe vremuri The building of the press from Buda, in Szenthromsg Square, in former times A z Eg yetemi Nyomda plete a Szenthromsg tren anno 92. Coperta lucrrii Elementa ling ve The cover of the work Elementa ling ve Elementa ling ve bortja 93. Plac memorial pe faada dinspre strada Orszghz Memorial plaque on the facade towards Orszghz Street Emlktbla az plet Orszghz utcai frontjn

91 92 93

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daco-romne. Apogeul activitii lor l constituie dicionarul de revigorare i latinizare a limbii, Lexicon Budense, editat n Buda n patru limbi (Lexicon romnesc-latinesc-unguresc-nemesc). Activitatea membrilor triadei ardelene a avut o mare influen i asupra formrii contiinei naionale a macedoromnilor din Pesta. n aceast perioad, sunt publicate la tipografia din Buda operele macedoromne ale lui Mihai Boiagi i Gheorghe Roja. Aceste opere abordeaz tema originii i a limbii macedoromnilor. Prima revist romneasc de cultur i tiin a aprut tot la Buda, n 1821, cu titlul Biblioteca Romneasc, redactat de Zaharia Carcalechi, autor de origine macedoromn. Editarea revistei a fost susinut i de Szchenyi Istvn. Cuvintele celui mai mare istoriograf al poporului romn vin s confirme influena pe care Tipografia din Buda a avut-o asupra culturii romneti. Nicolae Iorga afirm c muli i-au trimis manuscrisele la Buda, aici s-a nfiripat i ideea crerii bibliotecii populare romneti i a fondrii unei reviste. Romnii din Banat veneau s-i editeze crile tot n instituia aceasta, iar cltorii din Principatele Romne se opreau i ei n Buda, pentru a cumpra cri n limba romn.

The activity of the Transylvanian scholar triplet had also great influence on the development of the national conscience of the Macedo-Romanians in Pest. Works of Mihai Boiagi and Gheorghe Roja were also published in that period. These works are focusing on the origins and the Macedo-Romanians language. The first Romanian cultural scientific magazine was published also in Buda, in 1821, under the title Biblioteca Romneasc/Romanian Library, edited by Zaharia Carcalechi, author of Macedo-Romanian origin. The editing of this magazine was supported by Istvn Szchenyi. The words of the greatest Romanian Nation Historian confirm the influence of the Press in Buda on Romanian culture. Nicolae Iorga mentions that many authors sent their manuscripts to Buda, the idea of founding a Romanian popular library and a magazine was born also here. It was also the place where Romanians from Banat came to edit their books, while travellers from the Romanian Principalities stopped by to purchase books printed in Romanian language.

koromn kontinuits elmlett. A latinizl nyelvjtst a Budn kiadott ngynyelv (romn-magyarnmet-latin) sztr, a Lexicon Budense kiadsa tetzte be. Az erdlyi trisz tagjainak munksga nagy szerepet jtszott a pesti macedoromnok nemzeti ntudatnak formldsban is. Mihai Boiagi s Gheorghe Roja macedoromn knyvei azidtjt jelennek meg a Budai Nyomdban. Ezek a mvek a macedoromnok eredetvel s nyelvvel foglalkoznak. Budn jelent meg 1821-ben az els romn mveldsi-tudomnyos folyirat is Biblioteca Romneasc cmmel, melyet a macedoromn szrmazs Zaharia Carcalechi szerkesztett. E folyirat megjelenst Szchenyi Istvn is tmogatta. A nyomda romn kultrra gyakorolt hatst a romn np legnagyobb trtnetrjnak szavai is megerstik. Nicolae Iorga szerint sokan ide kldtk el kzirataikat, s itt szletett meg a romn npi knyvtr ltrehozsnak, valamint egy romn jsg alaptsnak gondolata is. Budra jttek kiadni mveiket a bnti romnok, de a romn fejedelemsgek utazi is meglltak Budn romn knyvet vsrolni.

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Palatul din Cetatea Budei

Biblioteca Naional Szchnyi, fondat n 1802 de contele Szchnyi Ferenc, funcioneaz din 1985 n locul unde se afl i acum, n aripa F a Palatului din Cetatea Budei. Aici se gsete i Fondul de carte Todorescu, aceasta fiind una dintre cele mai valoroase donaii particulare ale instituiei. Dr. Iuliu Todorescu s-a nscut la 16 august 1866 la Budapesta. Tatl lui, un comerciant, a venit de tnr la Pesta i, spre deosebire de familia rmas n Ardeal, el i ortografia numele cu litere ungureti: Todoreszku. Fiul acestuia, Iuliu Todorescu, a fcut studii superioare la Schnepfenthal n Turingia, la cererea tatlui su. Cnd prinii au venit s-i vad biatul, el privea cu atta ncntare o carte veche, nct i-au cumprat-o. Era o Biblie n limba german, legat n piele, ce i-a insuflat pe via entuziasmul i pasiunea pentru cri. Cnd i-a luat doctoratul n drept, n 1892, pe lng limba maghiar vorbea deja i germana, franceza i engleza. n timpul studeniei coleciona cu ardoare crile, i cheltuia o bun parte din banii de buzunar pentru aceast pasiune a lui. Era n permanen n legtur cu anticarii din Mnchen, Londra, Florena i din alte ri, dar avea i acas mputernicii, care cutreierau ara pentru a-i procura cri. Avea o mare pasiune i pentru restaurarea i recondiionarea crilor. Crile renscute erau apoi mbrcate n haine noi. Le rnduia pe rafturi, btute n argint sau aurite, legate n catifea sau piele, decorate cu smal, ca pe nite obiecte demne, de o mare valoare. Nici Biblioteca Universitii sau a Academiei nu avea pe atunci cri att de frumos legate. A pus bazele unei biblioteci

The Palace from the Fortress of Buda

The Szchnyi National Library, founded in 1802 by Count Ferenc Szchnyi, is at its present location, in wing F of the Buda Fortress Palace, since 1985. Here there is stored the Todorescu Book Collection, this being one of the most valuable private donations ever received by the institution. Dr. Iuliu Todorescu (Todoreszku Gyula) was born on August 16 1866 in Budapest. His father, who was a farmer, came and settled in Pest at an early age, and unlike the other members of his family remaining in Transilvania, he spelled his name according to Hungarian orthography: Todoreszku. His son, Iuliu Todorescu, completed his university studies in Schnepfenthal, Thuringia, on the fathers request. On one ocasion, when the parents came to visit their son, they noticed the passion he showed towards an old book, so they decided to buy it for him. It was an old German Bible, bound in leather, that instilled him with a strong, life-long enthusiasm and passion for books. By 1892, when awarded with the degree of Doctor of Law, besides his Hungarian and Romanian language skills, he was a speaker of German, French and English. During his university years, he was a passionate collector of books, spending most of his allowance on this hobby. He was in permanent contact with atiquarians from Munich, London, Florence and other locations, but also had agents who were roaming the country and buying books for him. He was fond of book restoration and refurbishing. These revigorated books were then dressed in new apparel: they were bound in leather or velvet, with rich silver mount, enamel ornaments or gold plating and lined up in strict order on bookshelves, worthy of their value. At that time, not

Budavri Palota
Az Orszgos Szchnyi Knyvtr, melynek alapjait 1802-ben grf Szchnyi Ferenc rakta le, jelenlegi helyn, a Budavri Palota F-pletben 1985 ta mkdik. Itt rzik a Todoreszku-knyvgyjtemnyt is, amely az intzmny egyik legjelentsebb magnadomnya. Dr. Todoreszku Gyula 1866. augusztus 16-n szletett Budapesten. Gazdlkod desapja fiatalon kerlt Pestre s Erdlyben maradt csaldjval ellenttben, nevt magyarosan rta. Fia, Todoreszku Gyula desapja kvnsgra a tringiai Schnepfenthalban vgezte felsbb tanulmnyait. Amikor szlei egyszer megltogattk, olyan elragadtatssal szemllt egy rgi knyvet az antikvriumban, hogy megvettk neki. Ez a brktses nmet nyelv biblia oltotta bel egy letre a knyvek irnti rajongst. Amikor 1892-ben jogi doktorr avattk, a magyar s romn nyelv mellett mr nmetl, franciul s angolul is tudott. Joghallgatknt is szenvedlyesen gyjttte a knyveket, zsebpnzt jrszt e kedvtelsre ldozta. lland sszekttetsben llt mncheni, londoni, firenzei s ms klfldi antikvriusokkal, de megbzottai idehaza is jrtk az orszgot. Szenvedlye a knyvek restaurlsra s tiszttsra is kiterjedt. jjszletett knyveit igyekezett megfelel kntsbe ltztetni. Ezstveret, brsony, zomncdszts vagy br burkolta knyveit, ds aranyozssal, hogy rtkkhz ill ktsben sorakozzanak a polcain. Ilyen szp kts knyveket akkoriban mg az egyetemi vagy az akadmiai knyvtr sem tartott. Pratlanul rtkes s szp knyvtrat hozott ssze. Szakmai krkben egyre jobban felfigyeltek r. Igyekeztek bevonni

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fr asemnate, deosebit de valoroas i de aspectuoas. Activitatea lui a trezit din ce n ce mai mult interesul cercurilor de specialitate. I s-a propus s se implice n viaa public, dar el a rezistat tuturor tentativelor. n timpul Primului Rzboi Mondial, i era din ce n ce mai greu s-i urmeze pasiunea de colecionar. Resursele i-au secat pe rnd, astfel s-a consolat cu cercetarea. A nceput s nregistreze mrcile transparente, filigranele de pe hrtiile vechi din Ungaria i a fcut i copii dup aproape o mie de filigrane. O alt important preocupare a lui a fost redactarea unei opere imense, Istoriei tipografiei ungare (Magyar nyomdszat trtnete), dar moartea timpurie l-a mpiedicat s-i duc planul la bun sfrit. A suportat cu greu rzboiul i starea de dup rzboi, din cauza situaei i mintea i s-a tulburat. A murit la 27 noiembrie 1919. A locuit cu prinii pn la sfritul vieii, ntr-o cas de pe strada Npsznhz, numrul 36. Tatl su, Paul Todorescu era de asemenea un membru foarte activ al comunitii romneti din Pesta. Placa bilingv amplasat pe zidul casei n care au locuit amintete de viaa i activitatea lui Todorescu. Activitatea de colecionar a lui Iuliu Todorescu, derulat pe aproape trei decenii, a rmas, din pcate, nefinalizat. Vduva sa, n conformitate cu ultima dorin a soului, a donat Bibliotecii Szchnyi colecia de cri de o valoare inestimabil, mpreun cu mobilierul care servea pentru depozitarea lor. S-a angajat de asemenea s plteasc toate cheltuielile legate de restaurarea i legarea crilor. Ca

even the University or the Academy Library had such beautifully bound books. Todorescu managed to assemble an outstandingly exqusite and valuable library. His activity attracted more and more the attention of the connoisseurs. He was offered to be involved in public life, but resisted to all of these temptations. During the First World War it was more and more difficult to keep up with his collector hobby. All his sources ceased gradually, so he had to be satisfied by research work. He started to make an inventory of the watermarks of old Hungarian printing papers, making copies of almost one thousand different patterns. His intention of redacting a large-scale work on the topic of The history of Hungarian printing (Magyar nyomdszat trtnete) was thwarted by his early death. He hardly could bear the hardships of war and the juncture that followed, and ended up with mental disorders. He died on November 27, 1919. He lived with his parents till the end of his days in a house from 36 Npsznhz Street. His father, Paul Todorescu, was also a very active member of the Romanian community in Pest. A bilingual memorial plaque placed on the wall of this house where they lived pays homage to the life and activity of Todorescu. Unfortunately, the almost thity year long collection activity of Iuliu Todorescu remained unfinished. According to his last will, his widow donated his collection of books of inestimable value to the Szchnyi National Library, together with the furniture that served for its storage. She also assumed the costs of the restoration and binding of the books. As a result, Todorescu was named posthumously ministerial counselor and honorific

a kzletbe is, de minden ilyen prblkozsoknak ellenllt. Gyjtszenvedlyt az I. vilghbor idejn egyre nehezebben tudta csak folytatni. Forrsai rendre elapadtak, gy tudomnyos munkssggal krptolta magt. Megkezdte a rgi magyarorszgi nyomtatvnyok paprvzjegyeinek nyilvntartsba vtelt, s ezekbl mintegy ezer darabot le is msoltatott. Tervezte, hogy megalkotja a Magyar nyomdszat trtnete cm munkt, megvalstsban azonban korai halla megakadlyozta. A hbort, majd az azt kvet kzllapotokat nehezen tudta elviselni, s ez elmje elborulshoz vezetett. 1919. november 27-n hunyt el. lete vgig szleivel egytt lakott a Npsznhz u.36. szm csaldi hzban. desapja, Todoreszku Pl is igen aktvan tevkenykedett pesti romn kzssgben. E hz faln ktnyelv emlktbla tanskodik Todoreszku letrl s tevkenysgrl. Todoreszku Gyula csaknem hrom vtizedes gyjtmunkja befejezetlen maradt. Vgakaratnak megfelelen zvegye a felbecslhetetlen rtk knyvgyjtemnyt, a trolsra szolgl btorokkal egytt az Orszgos Szchnyi Knyvtrnak ajndkozta. Vllalta a restaurlsi s ktsi munkk sszes kltsgt is. Todoreszkut ezrt posztumusz miniszteri tancsoss s a Szchnyi Knyvtrat akkor kezel Magyar Nemzeti Mzeum tiszteletbeli igazgatjv neveztk ki. Dr. Todoreszku Gyula rdemeit a mzeum s knyvtr akkori igazgatja, a jeles nyelvsz, Melich Jnos a kvetkezkppen foglalta ssze: Az vek sorn t folytatott cltudatos munkval Todoreszku Gyula olyan nagy rtk, olyan ritkasg- s unikumknyvtrat hordott ssze, amilyet eladdig a legje-

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94. Cldirea Bibliotecii Szchnyi The Szchnyi Librar y Szchnyi Kny vtr plete 95. Iuliu Todorescu Todoreszku Gyula 96. Cri ornamentate, din colecia lui Todorescu Richly ornamented pieces of the Todorescu Book Collection Todoreszku kny vg yjtemny dszes darabjai 97. Cri legate n piele i argint, din colecia lui Todorescu Leather bounded and silver plated books from the Todorescu Collection Todoreszku kny vg yjtemny br s ezstveretes darabjai

95 96 97

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urmare, Todorescu, dup moartea sa, a fost numit consilier ministerial i director onorific al Muzeului Naional, care era nsrcinat pe atunci cu gestiunea Bibliotecii Szchnyi. Melich Jnos, renumitul lingvist, directorul de atunci al muzeului i al bibliotecii, a elogiat astfel meritele doctorului Todorescu: n decursul anilor, muncind cu mare druire, Iuliu Todorescu a adunat un fond de cri rare i unicate de o imens valoare, pe care nu l-ar fi putut realiza nici cei mai cunoscui colecionari privai. i pentru ca fondul s se poat mbogi i dup moartea lui, conform inteniilor i principiilor colecionarului, vduva sa, cu un gest nobil, don anual Bibliotecii Naionale Szchnyi zece mii de coroane Iuliu Todorescu i soia sa, Horvth Aranka se numr printre cei mai mari donatori ai Bibliotecii Muzeului Naional al Ungariei. Vduva a ntocmit un catalog de aproape o sut de pagini cu crile din colecia, donat bibliotecii, care cuprinde 632 de tomuri nregistrate n primul volum al Vechii biblioteci ungureti i peste 530 de tomuri din vechile cri n limbi strine tiprite n Ungaria. Printre acestea, sunt foarte multe cri romneti. Dup contele Szchnyi Ferenc i contele Apponyi Sndor, Iuliu Todorescu, cu cele 1247 de volume din fondul su, este al treilea mare donator al Bibliotecii Naionale Szchnyi. Iuliu Todorescu a fost nmormntat n cimitirul Kerepesi, lng prinii i cei doi frai ai si, decedai la vrst fraged. Pe piatra funerar se poate citi: Faptele-i slvesc numele, strlucind peste veacuri..

director of the National Museum, the institution that was in charge at that time whith the management of the Szchnyi Library. The renown liguist Jnos Melich, director of the museum and the library at that time, praised the merits of Todorescu with the following words: During several years of dedicated work, Iuliu Todorescu assembled a collection of rare and unique books with an inestimable value, yet unequalled even by the most prestigious privat collectors. And as per the intentions and principles of the collector to aggrandize this collection even after his death, his widow, with noble generosity, makes an annualy donation of ten thousand Crowns in favour of the Szchnyi National Library Iuliu Todorescu and his wife, Aranka Horvth, are among the greatest donators of the Hungarian National Museum Library. The widow made an inventory of almost one hundred pages with the items of the book collection donated to the library, comprizing 632 volumes out of the total number of works registered in the first volume of the Old Hungarian Library and over 530 volumes of the old books printed in Hungary in foreign languages. There are several Romanian books among these. After Count Ferenc Szchnyi and Count Sndor Apponyi, Iuliu Todorescu, with his donation of 1247 volumes, is the third greatest donator of the Szchnyi National Library. Iuliu Todorescu is buried in Kerepesi Graveyard, by his parents and two brothers. On his tombstone can be read: His deeds will glorify his name that will shine through the centuries.

lesebb magngyjtk nem gyjtttek volt egybe. S hogy a gyjtemny halla utn is az szndkai s eszmi keretben tovbbra gyarapodhassk, zvegye nemes elhatrozssal vente tzezer koront adomnyoz az Orszgos Szchnyi Knyvtrnak... Todoreszku Gyula s neje, Horvth Aranka a Magyar Nemzeti Mzeum Knyvtrnak legnagyobb adomnyozi kz tartozik. A knyvtrnak adomnyozott gyjtemny egyes darabjairl az zvegy szz lapot kitev katalgust ksztett, amely a Rgi magyar knyvtr els ktetben felsorolt mvekbl 632 ktetet, a Magyarorszgon nyomtatott idegen nyelv rgi knyvek kzl pedig tbb mint 530-at tartalmazott. Ezek kztt nagyon sok volt a rgi romn knyv is. Az sszesen 1247 mvel, gr. Szchnyi Ferenc s gr. Apponyi Sndor utn, Todoreszku Gyula az Orszgos Szchnyi Knyvtr harmadik legnagyobb adomnyozja. A Kerepesi temetben, szlei s kt, kisgyermek korban elhunyt testvre mell temettk. Srkvn ma is olvashat: Tetteiben neve l s messzi korokra ragyog.

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Tabn-ul
Dou dintre cele trei mari personaliti ale colii Ardelene, Samuil Micu-Clain i Petru Maior, colaboratori romni ai Tipografiei Universitare din Buda, i dorm somnul de veci n Biserica Romano-Catolic din Tabn. Cu timpul, mormintele lor au disprut, la fel ca i vechiul cartier Tabn. Istoricul ardean Glck Jen, n decursul cercetrilor fcute n 1991, a gsit n arhivele Bisericii Romano-Catolice din Tabn, la pagina 701 a volumului al IV-lea al Registrului parohial, o adnotare privind nmormntarea lui Samuil Micu-Clain, la data de 15 mai 1806 de ctre episcopul Martin Grgey Marin. Rmiele lui pmnteti se odihnesc n cripta din biseric. Despre ceremonia de nmormntare a lui Petru Maior, care a avut loc pe data de 16 februarie 1821, n prezena episcopului-vicar Sztojkovics, gsim nsemnri la pagina 110 a celui de-al V-lea volum din Registrul de decese. Nu se cunoate locul exact unde se afl mormntul lui, dar se tie c cimitirul din Tabn se afla pe vremuri lng biseric.

Krisztinavros
Politicianul i istoricul romn, deputat parlamentar, Eftimie Murgu a locuit, pn n clipa morii sale, survenit n 1870, n imobilul de la numrul 17, pe strada Vrosmajor. Murgu s-a nscut n decembrie 1805 ntr-un mic sat din Banat. Studiile de drept i le-a fcut mai

The Tabn
Two out of the three great personalities of the Transylvanian School, Samuil Micu-Clain and Petru Maior, the Romanian collaborators of the University Press from Buda, are placed in eternal rest at the Roman Catholic Church from Tabn. As time passed by, their graves disappeared, same as the old district of Tabn. During the research made in 1991, historian Jen Glck from Arad found in the archives of the Roman Catholic church from Tabn, at page 701 of volume IV of the Parochial Register, an entry regarding the burial of Samuil Micu-Clain, registered on May 15, 1806 by Bishop Martin Grgey Marin. His mortal remains rest in the charnel of the church. Regarding the burial ceremony of Petru Maior, that took place on February 16, 1821, in the presence of Vice Bishop Sztojkovics, we can find an entry at page 110 of volume V of Register of Deaths. The exact place of his grave is unknown, but it is known that it was close to the church, in the Tabn Cemetery.

Krisztinavros
Up to the time of his death in 1870, the Romanian historian, politician and member of parliament Eftimie Murgu lived in the building at 17 Vrosmajor Street in Budapest. Murgu was born in December 1805, in a small village from Banat. He started to study law in Szeged, then continued in Pest. He was awarded the Doctor of Law degree also in the Hungarian capital, in 1834. The

A Tabn
Az Erdlyi Iskola hrom kiemelked egynisge kzl kettt, Samuil Micu-Claint s Petru Maiort, a budai Egyetemi Nyomda romn munkatrsait is a tabni katolikus templomban temettk el. Srjaik miknt a rgi Tabn is azta eltntek. Glck Jen aradi trtnsz, 1991-ben a tabni Rmai Katolikus Templom levltrban vgzett kutatsa alkalmval a halotti anyaknyv IV. ktete 701. oldaln rbukkant arra a bejegyzsre, amely Samuil Micu-Claint 1806. mjus 15-ei, Grgey Martin pspk ltal vezetett temetsrl tanskodik. Fldi maradvnyait a templom kriptjban helyeztk nyugalomra. A halotti anyaknyv V. ktetnek 110. oldaln tallhat bejegyzs Petru Maior 1821. februr 16-ai temetsrl, amelyet Sztojkovics pspkhelyettes jelenltben vgeztek el. A sr pontos helyt az esetben nem ismerjk, de azt tudjuk, hogy a tabni temet valamikor a templom kertjben volt.

Krisztinavros
A Vrosmajor utca 17-ben lakott s 1870-ben itt is halt meg Eftimie Murgu romn politikus, trtnsz s orszggylsi kpvisel. Murgu 1805 decemberben szletett egy bnsgi kis faluban. Jogi tanulmnyait elszr Szegeden,

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98

100

98. Monumentul funerar al lui Todorescu, n cimitirul Kerepesi The tombstone of Todorescu in the Kerepesi Cemeter y Todoreszku srkve a Kerepesi temetben 99. Petru Maior 100. Biserica romano-catolic din Tabn The Roman- Catholic church from Tabn Tabni katolikus templom 101. Zord Ern: Piaa Dbrentei Zord Ern: Dbrentei Square Zord Ern: Dbrentei tr

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nti la Seghedin, apoi la Pesta. Tot n capitala Ungariei i s-a acordat diploma de doctor jurist, n 1834. Lucrarea de doctorat i-a fcut-o n drept internaional. ntre 18361840, a predat logica i dreptul la Bucureti, fiind discipolul revoluionarului romn, Nicolae Blcescu. n 1840 a fost expulzat din ara Romneasc din cauza participrii sale la un complot. Pn n 1845 a locuit n Lugoj, unde a luptat n primul rnd pentru eliberarea Bisericii Romne Ortodoxe de sub suzeranitatea srbeasc. Din cauza activitii sale n acest sens, n martie 1845, a fost nvinuit de instigare, a fost arestat i condamnat la patru ani de nchisoare. n unele manuale de istorie maghiar putem citi c Murgu a fost eliberat din nchisoare mpreun cu revoluionarul Tncsics Mihly, pe data de 15 martie 1848. Dar adevrul este c nu a fost eliberat dect cu trei sptmni mai trziu. Preotul romn din Pesta, Sigismund Pop, a menionat ns la edina reprezentanilor comitatului din 6 aprilie, c Murgu zace nc n nchisoare, ca deinut politic. Reprezentanii i-au srit imediat n ajutor politicianului romn, cunoscut pentru prietenia pe care o purta ungurilor, i, dup dou zile, tineri maghiari i romni au urcat mpreun drumul pn la Cetatea Budei, l-au eliberat pe Murgu care astfel a avut parte de aceeai defilare triumfal ca i Tncsics n primele momente ale izbucnirii revoluiei. Eftimie Murgu a continuat lupta pentru autonomia Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne i pentru dreptul de folosire a limbii romne n administraia public. A fost ales deputat de Lugoj n prima Adunare Naional Popular din 1848. Adept convins al cooperrii romno-ungare, el a beneficiat i de numeroase voturi din partea ungurilor. n 1849, urmnd guvernul, s-a dus la Debrein,
topic of his doctoral dissertation was international law. Between 1836 and 1840, he taught Logic and Law in Bucharest, as collaborator of Nicolae Blcescu, the later revolutionary. In 1840 he was expelled from Walachia because of his participation in a plot. Till 1845 he lived in Lugoj, where he struggled first and foremost for the liberation of Romanian Orthodox Church under the Serbian suzerainty. As a consequence of this activity, in 1845 he was charged for instigation, arrested and convicted for four years of imprisonment. Some Hungarian historical sources mention that he was released from prison together with Hungarian revolutionary Tncsics Mihly on March 15, 1848. The truth is that he was released only three weeks later. The Romanian priest from Pest, Sigismund Pop, mentioned, at the county representatives meeting on April 6, that Murgu was still languishing in prison as political prisoner. The representatives rushed to lend a hand to the Romanian politician, known for his deep friendship towards Hungarians, and after two days, young Hungarians and Romanians marched together up to the Fortress of Buda and freed Murgu, who, this way received the same triumphant welcome as Tncsics did immediately after the outbreak of the revolution. Eftimie Murgu continued his struggle for the autonomy of the Romanian Orthodox Church and for the right to use the Romanian language in public administration. In the first Grand National Assembly for popular representation in 1848, he was elected deputy of Lugoj. Being a firm upholder of the Romanian Hungarian co-operation, he gained the vote of several Hungarians. In 1849, he followed the Government to Debrecen, then to Szeged, where the Law

majd Pesten vgezte. 1834-ben doktori cmt is a magyar fvrosban szerezte meg. rtekezst nemzetkzi jogbl rta. 18361840 kztt Nicolae Blcescu, a ksbbi romn forradalmr munkatrsaknt logikt s rmai jogot tantott Bukarestben. 1840-ben egy sszeeskvsben val rszvtel miatt kiutastottk Havasalfldrl. 1845-ig Lugoson tartzkodott s elssorban a romn ortodox egyhz szerb fennhatsg alli kivonsrt kzdtt. E tevkenysgvel sszefggsben 1845 mrciusban nplzts vdjval letartztattk s ngyvi brtnbntetsre tltk. Nhny magyar trtnelemknyvben azt olvashatjuk, hogy Tncsics Mihllyal egytt 1848. mrcius 15-n szabadult ki a brtnbl. Az igazsg azonban az, hogy csak hrom httel ksbb kerlt erre sor. A pesti romn lelksz, Sigismund Pop, a vrmegyei vlasztmny prilis 6-i lsn tette szv hogy Murgu mg mindig politikai fogolyknt snyldik. A testlet azonnal felkarolta a magyarbartsgrl ismert politikus gyt, s kt nap mlva, a kiszabadtsra egytt felvonul magyar s romn fiatalok jvoltbl, neki is olyan diadalmenetben lett rsze, aminben Tncsicsnak volt a forradalom kitrsekor. Eftimie Murgu tovbb kzdtt a romnsg egyhzi nllsgrt s a romn nyelv kzigazgatsban trtn alkalmazsnak jogrt. Az els, 1848-as npkpviseleti orszggylsben Lugos vlasztkerletben vlasztottk kpviselv. A magyar-romn egyttmkds elktelezett hveknt szmos magyar szavazatot is elnyert. 1849-ben kvette a kormnyt Debrecenbe, majd Szegedre is, ahol jlius 28-n

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apoi la Seghedin, unde, pe data de 28 iulie, a fost adoptat legea pentru minoriti. Murgu a plecat n aceeai zi spre Transilvania pentru a-i nmna textul legii lui Avram Iancu, dar naintarea trupelor ariste l-a mpiedicat n ncercarea lui de a fi mediator ntre conductorul revoluiei romnilor i unguri. Dup nfrngerea luptei pentru independena Ungariei, reacionarii habsburgi l-au condamnat la moarte pe Murgu, pentru activitatea lui de revoluionar, dar n 1851 i s-a comutat sentina la patru ani de nchisoare n cetatea de la Iosefstadt. A fost liberat n 1853. n ultimii ani ai vieii s-a retras din viaa public i a trit la Vc i n Buda. A murit la data de 12 mai 1870,n locuina sa de pe strada Vrosmajor. A fost nmormntat n cimitirul Kerepesi. Dup 62 de ani de la moartea lui a fost exhumat iar rmiele sale pmnteti au fost duse n cimitirul din Lugoj. *** Aici ia sfrit cltoria noastr prin istoria capitalei Ungariei! Un ora care s-a nscut prin unirea a dou orae gemene, aflate de-o parte i de alta a Dunrii Pesta i Buda dar i dintr-un amalgam de limbi i culturi care i-au gsit rostul pe malurile btrnului fluviu. Oraul juca din ce n ce mai pregnant rolul de capital ncepnd din anii 1790, iar la devenirea sa au contribuit substanial numeroasele comuniti naionale i etnice de pe aceste locuri: armeni, evrei, germani, slovaci, srbi, romni. Rolul negustorilor macedoromni n dezvoltarea unei Ungarii burgheze, a comerului i a sectorului bancar din Ungaria este incontestabil. Propirea lor material ascendent a contribuit cu prisosin la integrarea lor social n cercurile superioare din acest ar. Familiile macedoromnilor sosii din Balcani
for Minorities was adopted on June 28. In the same day Murgu departed to Transylvania to hand over the text of the law to Avram Iancu. However, the advance of the tsarist troops prevented him from being the mediator between the leader of the Romanian uprising and the Hungarians. After the defeat of the Hungarian War of Independence, the Habsburg reaction sentenced Murgu to death because of his revolutionary activity, but in 1851 his sentence was reduced to four years imprisonment in the fortress of Iosefstadt. He was freed in 1853. In his last years he retired from public life and lived in Vc and in Buda. He died in May 12, 1870, in his house on Vrosmajor street. He was buried in Kerepesi Cemetery. After 62 years from his death, he was exhumed, his mortal remains being moved to the Cemetery of Lugoj. *** Now, we came to the ending point of our Historical trip of the Hungarian capital, a city that came to life from the merging of two twinned towns Pest and Buda separated by the Danube, but also an amalgam of languages and cultures trying to fulfill their destinies on the banks of the old river. The role of capital city of Budapest became more trenchant since the 1790s, a substantial contribution to this process being delivered by the various national and ethnic communities that lived here: Armenians, Jews, Germans, Slovaks, Serbs, Romanians. The role of the Macedo Romanian merchants in the development of the bourgeoise Hungary, the capitalist trade and banking system is incontrovertible. Their material prosperity determined an ascending social career, thus granting their acceptance in the highest social circles. These Macedo-Romanian families coming from the Balkans maintained a cohesive attitude to each other, even after their integration in the Hungarian urban elite,

elfogadtk a nemzetisgi trvnyt. Ennek szvegvel mg aznap elindult Avram Iancuhoz, de a romn felkels vezetje s a magyarok kztti kzvettsi ksrlett a cri csapatok elrenyomulsa meghistotta. A szabadsgharc leverse utn Murgut forradalmi tevkenysgrt a Habsburg reakci hallra tlte, de az tletet 1851-ben kegyelembl ngyvi vrfogsgra enyhtettk. 1853-ban szabadult. Utols veiben visszavonultan Vcott s Budn lt. 1870. mjus 12-n Vrosmajor utcai hzban hunyt el. A Kerepesi temetben helyeztk rk nyugalomra. Halla utn 62 vvel exhumltk s fldi maradvnyait a lugosi temetbe szlltottk. *** sszegezve azt mondhatjuk, hogy nyelvben, kultrjban rendkvl soksznnek mutatkozott a Dunaparti ketts vros: nmetek, szlovkok, szerbek, s tucatnyi kisebb npkzssg tagjai kerestk boldogulsukat az 1790-es vek ta egyre egyrtelmbben fvrosi szerepet betlt Pest-Budn. A macedoromn kereskedk szerepe elvitathatatlan a magyar kapitalizmus, kereskedelem s bankszektor kifejldsben. Gazdagsguk elmozdtotta felvel trsadalmi karrierjket, s ezltal befogadsukat. Az sszetart csaldok betagozdtak a vrosi elitbe, s egyre nagyobb szerepet vllaltak a kzletben, a gazdasgi letben, nmelyik csald pedig (Nk, Sina, Grabovszky, Argiry, Mocsonyi) az orszgos politika szntern is szerephez jutott.

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erau unite, chiar dup integrarea n elita urban ungar. Aceste familii i-au asumat un rol din ce n ce mai important n viaa public, economic, iar unele dintre acestea (Naco, Sina, Grabovschi, Arghir, Mocioni) au jucat un rol important chiar i n politica de nivel naional. Prin intermediul primelor instituii create de macedoromni i romni n deceniile de nceput de secol al 19-lea, s-au manifestat aceleai tendine clare de construire identitar a neamului, de accesare a valorilor culturii, de dezvoltare a limbii i a literaturii ca cele ale ungurilor din acele timpuri. Macedoromnii i romnii din Budapesta au contribuit de asemenea la crearea sistemului instituional al naiunii majoritare, la unele realizri de anvergur ale epocii. Pesta i Buda au devenit adevrate centre ale culturii i vieii publice romneti. Nenumrate cldiri budapestane pstreaz i astzi amintirea unei nfloritoare existene romneti, purtat cu demnitate i mndrie de ilutrii oameni care, odinioar, le-au ridicat, le-au locuit.

assuming a more and more important role in public life and economy, some of them (Nk, Sina, Grabovschi, Arghir, Mocioni) even being appointed in national ranking political positions . Through their first institutions founded in the early decades of the 19th century, the Macedo-Romanians and the Romanians manifested the same clear tendencies of the consolidation of national identity, stimulation of culture, development of language and literature, as the ones promoted by the Hungarians at that time. MacedoRomanians and Romanians in Budapest also contributed to the development of the national institutional system of the majority nation and to some of the remarkable achievements of the moment. Pest and Buda became genuine centers of Romanian culture and public life. Countless buildings from Budapest still stand as testimony for the flourishing Romanian existence of those times, keeping the memory of these remarkable people, who with dignity and pride, rose and inhabited them.

A 19. szzad els vtizedeiben ltrehozott els intzmnyeikben a macedoromnok s romnok a magyarsghoz hasonl nemzetpt, mveldssztnz, nyelv-s irodalomfejleszt trekvseket valstottak meg. Hozzjrultak mg a tbbsgi trsadalom intzmnyrendszernek megalapozshoz, a kor szmos vvmnynak ltrehozshoz is. Pest s Buda a romn kultra s kzlet egyik kzpontjv ntte ki magt. Szmtalan ma is ll budapesti plet rzi a valamikori pezsg romn let s a vros neves romn lakinak emlkt.

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102. Casa de pe strada Vrosmajor, numrul 17 The house from 17 Vrosmajor Street Vrosmajor u. 17. sz. alatti hz 103. Eftimie Murgu 104. Sigismund Pop 105. Anunul decesului lui Eftimie Murgu The obituar y of Eftimie Murgu Eftimie Murgu g yszjelentse

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Bibibliografie / Bibliography / Irodalom

Adalkok a Belvros trtnethez, II. Ktet, Budapest, 1993. Albrecht Dezs: A romn dikmozgalom trtnete. In: Magyar Kisebbsg, 1929. janur 16. Asimakopoulou Fotini: Sina Gyrgy, a hdt balkni orthodox keresked. In: Budapesti Negyed, 2006. 4. sz. Babes Emil: A budapesti grg-olh egyhzkzsg, Budapest, 1909. Bernyi Maria: Cultur romneasc la Budapesta n secolul al XIX-lea, Giula, 2000. Bernyi Maria: Viaa i activitatea lui Emanuil Gojdu 18021870, Giula, 2002. Bernyi Maria: Artistul i mecenatul Ioan Naco Nk Jnos (18141889). In: Lumina, Giula, 2010. Boti Teodor: Monografia familiei Mocioni, Bucureti, 1929. Dry Attila: Belvros-Liptvros V. kerlet. Budapest ptszeti topogrfia 2. Budapest, 2005. Domokos Smuel: Tipografia din Buda, Giula, 1994. Erki Edit: A Gresham s a Nk. In: Npszabadsg, 1998. november 5. Fves dn: A pesti grgk iskoli. In: Klnnyomat az Antik Tanulmnyokbl, 1972. Fves dn: Grgk Pesten (16861931), Doktori rtekezs 1972., MTA Kzirattr Fves dn: Pesti grg hztulajdonosok. In: Antik Tanulmnyok, 1970. 1. sz. Fves dn: Statisztikai adatok Pest s Buda 16871848 kzt polgrjogot nyert grg szrmazs lakosairl. In: Klny. az Antik Tanulmnyokbl, 1962. Fves dn: A pesti grg templom ptstrtnete. In: pts ptszettudomny, Budapest, 1975. 12. Sz. Glck Eugen: Informaii n legtur cu actele de deces ale lui Samuil Micu-Clain i Petru Maior. In: Noi, 1992, pr. 17. Goga Octavian: Fragmente autobiografice, Mrturisiri literare, Bucureti, 1971. Psztor Mihly: A szztven ves Liptvros, Budapest, 1940. Tarr Lszl: A rgi Vci utca regnyes krnikja, Budapest, 1984. Triteanu M.: Luceafrul (19021920) , Bucureti, 1972. Veress Endre: A budai Egyetemi Nyomda romn kiadvnyainak dokumentumai, Budapest, 1982.

Sursa fotografiilor / Source list for photos / Kpek forrsjegyzke

1. http://www.btmfk.iif.hu/seengerkepek.html 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Voskopoja_church_outside.jpg 3. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Voskopoja_church.jpg 4. http://www.hung-art.hu/frames.html?/magyar/p/petrich/muvek/latkep.html 5. http://mek.niif.hu/01900/01903/html/cd7/kepek/taj_es_nep/tf212rgy95110.jpg 6. http://wapedia.mobi/thumb/4d8e504/hu/fixed/470/295/Barabas-lanchid.jpg?format=jpg 7. http://mek.niif.hu/01900/01903/html/cd7/kepek/tortenelem/to145pba12.jpg 8. http://www.btmfk.iif.hu/seengerkepek.html 9. Foto: Emilia Martin 10. Foto: Emilia Martin 11. http://egykor.hu/budapest/379 12. http://egykor.hu/budapest-v--kerulet/gerbeaud-cukraszda-budapesten/379 13. http://mek.niif.hu/01900/01903/html/index1733.html 14. Foto: Emilia Martin 15. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hu/2/20/Gizella_t%C3%A9r_1902.jpg 16. Foto: Emilia Martin 17. http://klosz.bparchiv.hu/klosz/app/index.fm 18. http://www.szoborlap.hu/2763_elefant_ceger_budapest_madarassy_istvan_1986.html 19. http://www.kepkonyvtar.hu/jetspeed/displayimage?docId=64972&size=tv&secId=71562 20. http://www.banaterra.eu/magyar/M/mocsonyi/cimer.jpg 21. Foto: Emilia Martin 22. http://kepiras.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/liszt.jpg 23. http://www.kepkonyvtar.hu/jetspeed/displayimage?docId=63630&size=tv&secId=70220 24. http://users.atw.hu/budapestanno/Vaci_utca.jpg 25. http://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A1jl:Vaciutcai7v%C3%A1laszt%C3%B3fejedelemh%C3%A1z. JPG&filetimestamp=20090208154925 26. http://www.kastely.specia.hu/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/hild-jozsef-arckepe-metszet.bmp 27. http://imgpublic.artprice.com/img/classifieds/original/105/105078_1.jpg?ts=2011-07-16%2017:50:07%20+0200 28. http://www.btmfk.iif.hu/seengerkepek.html 29. http://egykor.hu/images/2010/preview/budapest-gresham-palota_1.jpg 30. http://magazinmr.ro/august%202007.pdf 31. http://klosz.bparchiv.hu/klosz/app/index.fm 32. http://www.btmfk.iif.hu/seengerkepek.html 33. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hu/thumb/3/39/Sina.jpg/250px-Sina.jpg 34. http://egykor.hu/images/2010/original/budapest-ludovika-ludovika.jpg 35. http://www.btmfk.iif.hu/seengerkepek.html 36. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Schoefft_J%C3%B3zsef_Sz%C3%A9chenyi.jpg 37. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Lanchid-szechenyi-sina-cimer.jpg 38. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Lanchid-bp.jpg

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39. http://mek.niif.hu/01900/01903/html/cd7/kepek/tortenelem/to144pk8217.jpg 40. http://a3.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/188747_159334520791901_100001460631318_365185_4621705 _n.jpg 41. http://www.banaterra.eu/magyar/S/sina_csalad/cimer.jpg 42. http://users3.ml.mindenkilapja.hu/users/oreglegeny/uploads/_templom_a_pesti_Aldunasoron.jpg 43. http://klosz.bparchiv.hu/klosz/app/index.fm 44. Foto: Maria Bernyi 45. Foto. Maria Bernyi 46. http://helyiturista.blogspot.com/2010/04/festoi-belvaros.html 47. Foto: Maria Bernyi 48. http://digitool.dc.bmms.ro 49. http://www.basilica.ro/_upload/img/13009547426519993597.jpg, http://www.personality.com.ro/andrei.saguna_a.jpg 50. http://dspace.bcucluj.ro 51. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Iosif_Vulcan_-_Foto01.jpg 52. http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00030/00266/img/230f.jpg 53. http://www.omikk.bme.hu/archivum/magyarok/kepek/irinyijanos.jpg 54. http://www.mihaieminescu.eu/img/logo.jpg 55. http://www.razvanpop.ro/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/octavian_goga_at_1900.jpg 56. http://www.famouswhy.ro/pictures/biografii/partenie_cosma.jpg 57. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Ioan_Slavici.jpg 58. Maria Bernyi: colecia/collection/gyjtemnye 59. http://dspace.bcucluj.ro 60. Foto: Maria Bernyi 61. http://www.angelfire.com/dc/orvostortenet/kepek.html 62. http://mek.niif.hu/01900/01903/html/cd7/kepek/muveszetek/mt261rgy95076.jpg 63. http://klosz.bparchiv.hu/klosz/app/index.fm 64. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Emanoil_Gojdu_Barabas.jpg/455px-Emanoil_Gojdu_ Barabas.jpg 65. http://digitool.dc.bmms.ro 66. http://digitool.dc.bmms.ro 67. http://www.magyarzsido.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28:a-fvaros-budapest&catid=5:koezoessegek&Itemid=5 68. Foto: Maria Bernyi 69. http://www.erzsebetvaros.hu/pic_large/a-kiraly-utca-13.-szamu-epulettel-kezdodnek-a-hires-gozsdu-hazak-143.jpg 70. http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/825025.jpg 71. Foto: Maria Bernyi 72. Foto: Maria Bernyi 73. Foto: Maria Bernyi 74. Foto: Maria Bernyi 75. Foto: Maria Bernyi 76. Foto: Maria Bernyi 77. Foto: Maria Bernyi 78. Foto: Maria Berny 79. Foto: Maria Bernyi 80. http://pctrs.network.hu/clubpicture/6/3/4/_/a_kiraly_utca_1900ban_634650_94607.jpg 81. Foto: Maria Bernyi 82. Foto: Maria Bernyi 83. http://www.kepkonyvtar.hu/jetspeed/displayimage?docId=65244&size=tv&secId=71834 84. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Benesch_De%C3%A1k_Ferenc.jpg 85. http://www.biblacad.ro/images/personalitati/victor_babes.jpg 86. http://users3.ml.mindenkilapja.hu/users/victorbabes/uploads/ddszleimAngelaBabesBartldnvalamintnagyapmifj. Bartldn1906.jpg 87. http://sisi.network.hu/kepek/sisi/sissi_135 88. Foto: Maria Bernyi 89. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg 90. Foto: Maria Bernyi 91. http://egykor.hu/images/2010/original/budapest-szentharomsag-ter-a-budai-varban-az.jpg 92. http://www.bjmures.ro/Imagini/CarteVeche/CarteVeche8.gif 93. Foto: Maria Bernyi 94. Foto: Emilia Martin 95. http://www.axioart.hu/images/live_images/original/2173/92.jpg 96. Foto: Szl Zsolt 97. Foto: Szl Zsolt 98. Foto: Szl Zsolt 99. http://www.lumeacredintei.ro/admin/_files/newsannounce/Petru-Maior.jpg 100. Foto: Maria Bernyi 101. http://taban-galeria.blogspot.com/2011/01/zorad-erno.html 102. Foto: Maria Bernyi 103. http://enciclopediaromaniei.ro/w/images/1/1d/Eftimie_Murgu.jpg 104. http://www.kepkonyvtar.hu/jetspeed/displayimage?docId=64677&size=tv&secId=71267 105. Maria Bernyi: colecia/ collection /gyjtemnye

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Cuprins / Contents / Tartalom

Cuvnt nainte de poveste Foreword Elsz a meshez ........................................................................................................................ Macedoromni i romni la Buda i la Pesta n secolele al 18 i al 19-lea Macedo-Romanians and Romanians in Buda and Pest in the 18th and 19th Centuries Macedoromnok, romnok Budn s Pesten a 1819. szzadban ................................................ Destinele unor oameni i ale unor cldiri The destiny of some people and some buildings lettrtnetek pletek Centrul oraului Pesta / Center of Pest / A pesti Belvros Piaa Vrsmarty / Vrsmarty Square / Vrsmarty tr .............................................................. Strada Vci / Vci Street / Vci utca............................................................................................ Piaa Roosevelt / Roosevelt Square / Roosevelt tr....................................................................... Piaa Petfi / Petfi Square / Petfi tr ....................................................................................... Strada Pesti Barnabs / Pesti Barnabs Street/ Pesti Barnabs utca.......... Strada Nyry Pl / Nyry Pl Street/ Nyry Pl utca.............. Strada Veres Pln / Veres Pln Street/ Veres Pln utca............. Piaa Szervita / Szervita Square / Szervita tr............. 5

10

15 18 28 38 42 45 47 51

Pesta, Erzsbetvros / Pest, Erzsbetvros / Pest, Erzsbetvros Curtea Gojdu / The Gojdu Court/ Gozsdu-udvar...... 55 Strada Kirly / Kirly Street/ Kirly utca.............. 70 Pesta, Jzsefvros / Pest, Jzsefvros / Pest, Jzsefvros Strada Mria / Mria Street / Mria utca ..................................................................................... Buda / Buda / Buda Piaa Sfintei Treimi / Holy Trinity Square / Szenthromsg tr ..................................................... Palatul din Cetatea Budei / The Palace from the Fortress of Buda / Budavri Palota ..................... Tabn-ul / The Tabn / A Tabn................................ Krisztinavros / Krisztinavros / Krisztinavros............................. Bibliografie / Bibliography / Irodalom.......................... Sursa fotografiilor / Source list for photos / Kpek forrsjegyzke.................... 74 79 83 87 87 93 93

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Sponsori / Sponsors / Tmogatk:

Ambasada Romniei n Republica Ungar Embassy of Romania to the Republic of Hungary Romnia Magyarorszgi Nagykvetsge

Ministerul Administraiei Publice i al Justiiei Ministry of Public Administration and Justice Kzigazgatsi s Igazsggyi Minisztrium

IBT Land Estate Kft. membru al grupului Glob IBT Land Estate Kft. member of the Glob group IBT Land Estate Kft. a Glob csoport tagja

Institutul de Cercetri al Romnilor din Ungaria Research Institute of the Romanians in Hungary Magyarorszgi Romnok Kutatintzete Autoguvernarea Minoritar Romneasc Budapesta, sectorul II Local Government of Romanian Minority in Budapests 2nd District Budapest Fvros II. kerleti Romn Kisebbsgi nkormnyzat Autoguvernarea Minoritar Romneasc din Giula Local Government of Romanian Minority in Gyula Gyula Vros Romn Kisebbsgi nkormnyzat Autoguvernarea Minoritar Romneasc din Szentendre Local Government of Romanian Minority in Szentedre Szentendre Vros Romn Kisebbsgi nkormnyzat

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