1. The Four Perspectives of the Systems-Reliability ApproachBoundaryWhat's inside the system, what's outside the system, andwhat're the major components of the system? In answeringthese questions, we address the system notion of boundary.Let’s examine the human system. What's inside the humansystem? Human beings, social organization (formal andinformal), and our infrastructure – are major sub-systems.What are inputs? Those are energy, resources, ecologies thatimpact our lives, and natural (non-living) systems that impactour lives. What things “flow” between major sub-systems?Those things are: resources, energy, information, feelings (can be thought of as commodities that are exchanged), “controlsignals”, and disinformation. What are outputs of the humansystem? Those are wastes, heat, information, culture (bothconstructive and destructive aspects), and things that affectnon-living systems and ecologies.Aside: what's war in systems terms? War is the allocation of resources, energy, information, feelings (such as aggression),control signals, and disinformation – all directed at one goal:domination. The “rational” idea behind war (as hoped bygovernments waging war) is that long-term gains shouldoutweigh any short-term malady. Please refer to the chapter below entitled: The Ends Cannot Justify the Means.So, the system notion of boundary is the view that identifies thesystem concerned: what is inside and out, what are major components, what flows between, and what flows in and out.3
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