ELEMENTO RECTANGULAR SIMPLE MEJORADO

Nodo central (5 nodos)

figura 1.1
Una manera de mejorar el comportamiento de un elemento finito, consiste en agregar a su
expansin para desplazamientos, una funcin que se anula sobre el contorno del elemento en la figura 1.1
Adoptaremos la siguiente aproximacin para los desplazamientos:
Teniendo nuestra matriz [N] de funciones de forma y considerando el estado plano de tensiones podemos
obtener nuestra matriz [B]
B
1
a b ( )
b y ( )
0
a x ( )
0
a x ( )
b y ( )
b y ( )
0
x
0
x
b y ( )
y
0
x
0
x
y
y
0
a x ( )
0
a x ( )
y

a
cos
x
a

\
|
|

sin
y
b

\
|
|

b
sin
x
a

\
|
|

cos
y
b

\
|
|

b
sin
x
b

\
|
|

cos
y
b

\
|
|

a
cos
x
a

\
|
|

sin
y
b

\
|
|

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

:=
a
D
E
1 v
2

1
v
0
v
1
0
0
0
1 v ( )
2

(
(
(
(
(

:=
E
K B
T
D B := B
Sabemos que la matriz K est definida:
Sin embargo el programa no fu capaz de desarrollarla debido a la cantidad de operaciones y la extension de ella ya que
como sabemos es una matriz de 10x10. Ante esta dificultad nos propusimos desarrollarla por partes ya que el programa si
sera capaz de hacerlo de esta forma.
El siguiente diagrama representa las sub matrices que se desarrollaron y qu posicion ocupan dentro de la matriz K
A continuacin se presentan los algoritmos que utilizamos para hallar cada sub matriz.
Ke1 p
Ke1
i j ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 1 4 .. for
i 1 5 .. for
Ke1
:=
K
Ke1
E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E a
2
v a
2
4 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E b
2
v a
2
+ b
2

( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E a
2
v a
2
4 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E a
2
v a
2
b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E b
2
v a
2
+ b
2

( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke2 p
Ke2
i j 4 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 5 8 .. for
i 1 5 .. for
Ke2
:=
K
Ke2
E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E a
2
v a
2
b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E b
2
v 4 a
2
+ b
2

( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E a
2
v a
2
b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E a
2
v a
2
4 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E b
2
v 4 a
2
+ b
2

( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke3 p
Ke3
i j 8 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 9 10 .. for
i 1 1 .. for
Ke3
:=
K
Ke3 0
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

(
(
(
(

Ke4 p
Ke4
i 1 j 8 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 9 10 .. for
i 2 2 .. for
Ke4
:=
K
Ke4
2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )
0

(
(

Ke5 p
Ke5
i 2 j 8 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 9 10 .. for
i 3 3 .. for
Ke5
:=
K
Ke5 0
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

|

\
|
|
|
|

Ke6 p
Ke6
i 3 j 8 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 9 10 .. for
i 4 5 .. for
Ke6
:=
K
Ke6
2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )

0
0
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke7 p
Ke7
i 5 j ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 1 4 .. for
i 6 8 .. for
Ke7
:=
K
Ke7
E
8 v 8
E a
2
v a
2
b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E b
2
v 4 a
2
+ b
2

( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E b
2
v 4 a
2
+ b
2

( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8

E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke8 p
Ke8
i 5 j 4 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 5 8 .. for
i 6 8 .. for
Ke8
:=
K
Ke8
E
8 v 8

E a
2
v a
2
4 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8

E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E b
2
v a
2
+ b
2

( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E 3 v 1 ( )
8 v
2
8
E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E b
2
v a
2
+ b
2

( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

E
8 v 8
E 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke9 p
Ke9
i 5 j 8 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 9 10 .. for
i 6 8 .. for
Ke9
:=
K
Ke9
2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )
0
2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )

0
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

0

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke10 p
Ke10
i 8 j ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 1 4 .. for
i 9 10 .. for
Ke10
:=
K
Ke10
0
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )
0
0
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke11 p
Ke11
i 8 j 4 ,
0
b
y
0
a
x K
i j ,

d
j 5 10 .. for
i 9 10 .. for
Ke11
:=
K
Ke11
T
0
2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )
0
2 E

2
a b v 1 ( )

2
E a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

8 a
3
b
3
v
2
1
( )

0
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

0
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

0
0
2
2
E a
2

2
E b
2
+
2
E b
2
v E a b sin
2 a
b
|

\
|
|

8 a
3
b
3
8 a
3
b
3
v
2

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ke
w
i j ,
Ke1
i j ,

i 1 5 .. for
j 1 4 .. for
w
i j Ke7
i 5 j ,
,
i 6 8 .. for
j 1 4 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke10
i 8 j ,

i 9 10 .. for
j 1 4 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke2
i j 4 ,

i 1 5 .. for
j 5 8 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke8
i 5 j 4 ,

i 6 8 .. for
j 5 8 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke11
i 8 j 4 ,

i 9 10 .. for
j 5 8 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke3
i j 8 ,

i 1 1 .. for
j 9 10 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke4
i 1 j 8 ,

i 2 2 .. for
j 9 10 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke5
i 2 j 8 ,

i 3 3 .. for
j 9 10 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke6
i 3 j 8 ,

i 4 5 .. for
j 9 10 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke9
i 5 j 8 ,

i 6 8 .. for
j 9 10 .. for
w
i j ,
Ke11
i 8 j 8 ,

i 9 10 .. for
j 9 10 .. for
w t
:=
Ke1
Habiendo ya calculado todas las sub matrices
programaremos una sub rutina para
ensamblarlas en una matriz que llamaremos Ke
(matriz de rigidez sin condensar)
A continuacin mostraremos algunos elementos de la matriz Ke para demostrar que es correcto el procedimiento
hecho
Ke
1 1 ,
E t a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
2 2 ,
E t 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
3 3 ,
E t a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
4 4 ,
E t 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
5 5 ,
E t a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
7 7 ,
E t a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
8 8 ,
E t 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Ke
9 9 ,
0
Ke
10 10 ,
0
Ahora procederemos a condensar la matriz a fin de obtener la matriz Keq de 8X8. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo
desarrollaremos una rutina que nos permita obtener la matriz condensada.
Antes, definimos nuestro vector de cargas nodales
P N
T
Px
Py
|

\
|
|

:=
Px
P
Px
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

Py
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

Px
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

Py
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

Px x1 y1
a b
Py x1 y1
a b
Px y1
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

Py y1
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

Px sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

Py sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Donde Px y Py son las componentes de una carga aplicada en un punto del elemento x1,y1
Kee r 0
r
i j ,
Ke
i j ,

j 1 8 .. for
i 1 8 .. for
r
:=
Ke
Kei r 0
r
i j ,
Ke
i j 8 + ,

j 1 2 .. for
i 1 8 .. for
r
:=
Ke
Pe r 0
r
i
P
i

i 1 8 .. for
r
:=
P
Kie r 0
r
i j ,
Ke
i 8 + j ,

j 1 8 .. for
i 1 2 .. for
r
:=
Ke
Kii r 0
r
i j ,
Ke
i 8 + j 8 + ,

j 1 2 .. for
i 1 2 .. for
r
:=
Ke
Pi r 0
r
i
P
i 8 +

i 1 2 .. for
r
:=
P
Keq Kee Kei Kii
1
Kie := Kee
Peq Pe Kei Kii
1
Pi := Pe
Finalmente mediante condensacion esttica obtenemos la matriz Keq y Peq.No obstante como ya hemos
mencionado el programa mathcad no nos permite visualizar la matriz Keq y Peq debido a la extension de ellas al
usar notacin algebraica, por este motivo slo mostraremos algunos elementos de dichas matrices
Keq
1 1 ,
E t a
2
a
2
v 2 b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Keq
4 6 ,
E t b
2
v 4 a
2
+ b
2

( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

Keq
3 1 ,
E t a
2
v a
2
4 b
2
+
( )

12 a b v
2
1
( )

Keq
2 1 ,
2 E t
2
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

(
(

2
a b v 1 ( ) 2 E a t 4 E b t v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a t v 4 E b t v +
|

\
|
|

E t
8 v 8

Keq
7 8 ,
E t
8 v 8
t
2
a b
2
a b v
( )
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v
|

\
|
|

2
a b
2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )
v 1 ( )

Keq
6 8 ,
E t b
2
v a
2
+ b
2

( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Keq
8 8 ,
E t 2 a
2
b
2
v b
2
+
( )

6 a b v
2
1
( )

Peq
1 1 ,
Px
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

Px sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a b
2
a b v
( )
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

(
(

2 E
2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

+
Peq
2 1 ,
Py
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

2 E Py t sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

2
a b v 1 ( ) 2 E a t 4 E b t v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a t v 4 E b t v +
|

\
|
|

+
Peq
3 1 ,
Px
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

Px sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a b
2
a b v
( )
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v
|

\
|
|

2 E
2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

+
Peq
4 1 ,
Py
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

y1
b
1
|

\
|
|

2 E Py t sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

2
a b v 1 ( ) 2 E a t 4 E b t v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a t v 4 E b t v +
|

\
|
|

Peq
5 1 ,
Px x1 y1
a b
Px sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a b
2
a b v
( )
2 E a v 2 E a 4 E b v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
1
|

\
|
|

(
(

2 E
2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

+
Peq
6 1 ,
Py x1 y1
a b
2 E Py t sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

2
a b v 1 ( ) 2 E a t 4 E b t v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a t v 4 E b t v +
|

\
|
|

+
Peq
7 1 ,
Px sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a b
2
a b v
( )
4 E b v sin
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a + 2 E a v
|

\
|
|

2 E
2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

Px y1
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

b

Peq
8 1 ,
Py y1
x1
a
1
|

\
|
|

2 E Py t sin
x1
a
|

\
|
|

sin
y1
b
|

\
|
|

2
a
2
b
2
a
2
b v
2

( )

2
a b v 1 ( ) 2 E a t 4 E b t v cos
a
2 b
|

\
|
|

2
2 E a t v 4 E b t v +
|

\
|
|

N
1
x1
a

\
|
|

1
y1
b

\
|
|

0
0
1
x1
a

\
|
|

1
y1
b

\
|
|

1
x1
a

\
|
|

1
y1
b

\
|
|

0
0
1
x1
a

\
|
|

1
y1
b

\
|
|

x1 y1
a b
0
0
x1 y1
a b
y1
b
1
x1
a

\
|
|

0
0
y1
b
1
x1
a

\
|
|

:=
x1
|
|

sin
x1
a

\
|
|

sin
y1
b

\
|
|

0
0
sin
x1
a

\
|
|

sin
y1
b

\
|
|

(
(
(
(