Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Systems Analysis
and Data Base Designing


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Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

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(2

(3

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SDLC
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(7

CASE

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Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

The Systems Development Environment


) -:
(

-:

(1
(2

-:
Methodologies

(1

(2 Techniques

(3 Tools

-:
Data
(1
Raw facts information


Data Flows
(2
.
(3 Processing Logic
DFD

: - IS Manager


: Systems Analyst
: Programmers

:

: -1 -DBA 2
3
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Human Factors Specialists

-3

Internal Auditors -4

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(2
(3
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(5
(6

.Document or Archiving M.S ( 1
Electronic storage of data & Documents
(Transaction Processing Systems (TPS ( 2
Automate handling of data about business activities (transactions)
(Management Information Systems (MIS ( 3
Converts raw data from transaction processing system into meaningful form
(Decision Support Systems (DSS ( 4
Designed to help decision makers
Provides interactive environment for decision making
(Expert Systems (ES ( 5
Replicates decision making process
Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would approach the problem
:
Analysis

Design

Implementation

Maintenance

Systems Development Life Cycle

Project Identification and Selection
Project Initiation and Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance

:

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

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( + )

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4
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

) +
(
3 :

(a

(b

(c

(d

(e

(f

(g

- 5 -:
(a
(b ) (
( c
(d
- 6
(a
(b

(1 Prototypin
) (
) + (

(2 (Rapid Application Development (RAD

) (

(3 (Joint Application Design (JAD

) + +(

5
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Succeeding as a Systems Analyst

: Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis

.1 - Systems Thinking
.2 Organizational Knowledge
.3 Problem Identification
.4 Problem Analyzing and Solving
( ) (
) :
(
:
Components

.1
Interrelated Components
.2
Boundary
.3
Purpose
.4
Environment
.5
Interfaces
.6
Input
.7
Output
.8
Constraints
.9
-:
.1
.2 ) (
.3
.4 ) (
:
(1 Modularity
(2 Coupling ) ( )(
(3 Cohesion

Logical System Description

Physical System Description

)(

Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

( Organizational Knowledge






( Problem Identification -
: -:
:
( Problem Analyzing and Solving -
Intelligence ) (
Design ) (
Choice ) (
Implementation ) (

: Technical Skills for Systems Analysis

( -:
+ + +
+ + ) ( +
.
( -:
Microcomputers, workstations, minicomputers and mainframe computers
Programming languages + Operating systems
Database and file management systems
Data communication standards
Systems development tools and environments
Web development languages and tools
Decision support system generators

: Management Skills for Systems Analysis

:
Resource Management (1
Project Management (2
- Risk Management (3
Change Management (4
-1 Resource Management
) ( -:

7
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Project Management

-2
-:


-:



Risk Management

-3

(a

(b

(c

(d
Change Management
-4
.1
.2 -:
Obsolescence
Reusability

: Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis

Communication skills .1
Working alone and with a team .2
Facilitating groups .3
Managing expectations .4
.1 Communication Skills
:
Interviewing and Listening
Questionnaires
Written and Oral Presentations
:





-2 Working Alone and with a Team
( Deadlines
8

Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

(
-3 Facilitating Groups

(1

(2
-4 Managing Expectations

(1
-:
(2
+

Systems Analysis as a Profession

-:
: :
) Methodology +

(
) Platforms

) Standards Unified Modeling

( (Language (UML
:
:

9
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Managing the Information Systems Project
Managing the Information Systems Project

:
Project Manager : :
-:
Project initiation

Planning

Execution

Closing down

-:
Management

Leadership

Technical

Problem solving

Conflict management

Customer relations

Team management

Risk and change management

- 1
) (

)(

) (---

) (---

2 ) (
( :

10
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

(
Work breakdown structure
Gantt chart
)(
(5
( ) (Utilize Gantt and PERT charts
( ) (
( Standards
(
( ) (
(
- 3

(1

(2

(3

) (

(4
Communicate project status
(5
-4 Closing Down the Project

(1
) (

) (

Documentation
(2
Personnel Appraisal
(3

(4

Project deliverables

Project management process

Development process

(5

11
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Representing and Scheduling Project Plans

: Gantt Charts

a) A Gantt Chart
: PERT Charts
o
o
o

12
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

)b) A PERT chart

Graphical diagrams that depict project plans


Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
: Project Initiation

) Project Planning )(
)( (
: Deliverables and Outcomes
: (Baseline Project Plan (BPP
Scope
Benefits
Costs
Risks
Resources
: (Statement of Work (SOW

Assessing Project Feasibility

Six Categories :
Economic

Technical

Operational

Schedule

Legal and contractual

Political

Building the Baseline Project Plan

) Introduction + +
o

(
13

Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

) System Description +

(
o

) Feasibility Assessment + +

(
) Management Issues +
o
+ + (

Determining System Requirements
-: ) (

) (

) (

Business objective

Information needs

Rules of data processing ) (

Key events

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements
: )(Interviewing and Listening

)(Open-Ended + Close-Ended

-:

) ( Checklist + Appointment

48

14

Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

: Questionnaires

closed-ended questions

-:

)(

:
) +

(
) (

Modern Methods for Determining Requirements
: (Joint Application Design (JAD
) + + (

: Prototyping
) (

) (..

:
+ + + + + (IS Staff +

15
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

) (
:Structuring System Requirements
Process Modeling

(1
)
(
(2 (Data flow diagrams (DFD

(a
(3

(a

(b
(4 ) (
(5 (Context data flow diagram (DFD
) Scope of system
(6 ) DFDs of current system (
(7 DFDs of new logical system
(a Technology independent
(b
(8 Project dictionary and CASE repository

Data Flow Diagramming Mechanics

(1

(2

Data Flow

Data Store
) ( File folder +

Computer-based file +Notebook

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Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary


(3

(4

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Process

Source/Sink
) - (

Data Flow Diagramming Rules

: Data Store

)(Update

)(Use

: Process
)(a miracle

)(black hole

: Data Flow

: Source/Sink

Context Diagram

)(1
Level-O Diagram
17

Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

(2

Balancing DFDs

(
)

( )(3

)(1

)(2

18
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

(3)
An unbalanced set of data flow diagrams
a) Context diagram)
b) Level-0 diagram)

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Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Four Different Types of DFDS -

(1 )( Current Physical
) ( +

Current Logical
(2

New Logical
(3
+ +

New Physical
(4

Guidelines for Drawing DFDs

(1 ) Completeness + (
(2 ) Consistency (
(3 ) Timing (
(4 ) Iterative Development
(
(5 ) Primitive DFDs +
(
(6

20

Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

) (
:Structuring System Requirements
Logic Modeling

Structured English

Decision Tables

Decision Trees

(
Action verbs

Noun phrases

No adjectives or adverbs

(2

(3
If conditions

Case statements

Modeling Logic with Decision Tables

(1

(2

(3
) -: + Condition + Action ( Rules
(4
Indifferent Condition
(5

(6
21
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

Modeling Logic with Decision Trees

(1
(2
-:
(4

(5

(6

(7

22
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary

Systems Analysis and Data Base Designing

23
Dr Hussain Musa Hussain Al Shemmary