I HC CNG NGHIP H NI KHOA IN T

--------------

n Mn OrCAD:
THIT K MCH M SN PHM T 00-60 S DNG IC S

Gio vin hng dn:

DNG TH HNG
Sinh vin thc hin:

L TH DIM NGUYN NGC KIN

LI NI U
Ngy nay, vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut, vic ng dng cc linh kin bn dn phn no gim bt c gi thnh sn phm bng cc linh kin ri. ng dng mn k thut s vo thit k cc b phn thit thc hng ngy gip chng ta hiu c mn k thut s lm g v c ng dng vo u. Mch m sn phm cng c ng dng v phc v rt nhiu trong cuc sng ca chng ta. Sau y em xin thit k mt mch m 60 sn phm dng IC 74LS90 l mt IC rt thng dng trong k thut s. Ngoi ra qu trnh thit k mch s dng phn mm h tr thit k mch OrCAD. V mch nguyn l vi OrCAD Capture, v mch in vi OrCAD layout.

NI DUNG :
PHN I
: C S L THUYT

PHN II : CC KHI TRONG MCH PHN III : NGUYN L HOT NG V MCH IN PHN IV : KT LUN

I_C S L THUYT. 1- Tm tt. Ni n bi ton m chng ta ngh ngay n vic l m xung cc IC s, s m sn ln hay sn xung ca xung u vo cn m. m y l m xung vung) mi gi tr sn ln hay sn xung ca xung c a vo IC m v c gii m nh IC gii m sau m ha v hin th ra LED 7 thanh. Mch m 60 sn phm gm 4 khi chnh : - Khi to xung (s dng quang tr ,led pht siu sang,IC LM358) - Khi m m BCD. (s dng IC74LS90). - Khi gii m BCD (s dng IC7447). - Khi hin th kt qu.(s dng LED 7 on). 2- Cc linh kin s dng trong mch - IC 74LS90 - IC7447 - IC 7408 - LM 358 - Bin tr - T - LED tch hp hnh ch U - LED pht siu sng - LED 7 thanh - Mt vi in tr... II-Nguyn l v chc nng ca tng khi 1 Khi Ngun Ngun in c s dng y l ngun mt chiu ly t c quy hoc pin.Cung cp in p 5VDC n nh cho mch.

- IC 7805 c nhim v n nh in p ra l 5VDC.

2 Khi dao ng.

2.1_Nguyn l hot ng ca khi to dao ng. - Khi to dao ng y ti s dng mch cm bin. S dng cng dng ca con quang tr l c kh nng l khi chiu nh sng vo n n s c in tr rt thp v vy ngi ta hay s dng lm ra cc mch pht hin sng ti. Con LM358 l con khuch i thut ton, n c tc dng l dng so snh in p gia hai chn u vo a ra gi tr chn ra l mc 0 hay 1. Ni chn ra ca con LM358 vo chn 14 (CLKA) ca IC74LS90 kch xung cho IC74LS90 m. S nguyn l ca phn to xung dao ng :
V C C R 1 1 K 8 R 1 1 0 7

U + 3 2 8

A 1

R 0

2 K

1 Q

R u

8 a n g T r o

D L

2 E D s i e u s a n g

1 L M 4 3

8 5

2.2_Tc dng ca tng linh kin trong khi to dao ng. 2.2.1_IC LM358. - L b khuch i thut ton kp,bn trong c 2 b khuch i.mi b khuch i c 3 chn, ng vo o(-input), ng vo khng o(+input) v ng ra Khi hiu in th + input cao hn - input, ng ra mc cao (+Vss), ngc li ng ra mc thp (-Vss) A.Hnh dng

b. s chn - Chn 8: L chn Vcc+ - Chn 4: L chn Vcc- Chn 1,7: L cc chn u ra. - Chn 2,3,5,6: L cc chn u vo. c. cng dng.

. IC LM358 s dng cho cc thao tc tnh ton analog. Gi l mch khuch i thut ton, v vi s thay i ca cc linh kin bn ngoi, nn c s dng nhiu trong cc bi ton khc nhau nh so snh,khuch i, chuyn i tn hiu, cng, tr. 2.2.2_ in tr a.cng dng Cng chnh ca in tr l khng ch dng in qua ti cho ph hp. b.Hnh nh:

c.Bng mu ca in tr.

3_ Khi m BCD

3.1-_IC m BCD 7490. C mi 1 xung vo th n m tin ln 1 v c m ha ra 4 chn. Khi m n 10 th n t ng reset v quay tr v ban u. 3.2_ Hnh dng:

*S chn ca IC74LS90.

-Bn chn thit lp: R0(1), R0(2), R9(1), R9(2). Khi t R0(1)= R0(2)=H ( mc cao) th b m c xa v 0 v cc u ra mc thp. -R9(1) , R9(2) l chn thit lp trng thi cao ca u ra : QA=QD=1, QB=QC=0. -NC chn b trng. -IC 7490 gm 2 b chia l chia 2 v chia 5: + B chia 2 do input A iu khin u ra QA. + B chia 5 do input B iu khin u ra QB, QC , QD. -u vo A tch cc sn m. - to thnh b m 10 ta ni u ra QA vo chn B to xung kch cho b m 5. -QA, QB, QC, QD l cc u ra. 3.3- S logic v bng trng thi:

Theo nh hnh trn ta thy dng sng cc ng ra ca hai mch cng m 10 nhng khc nhau: -Kiu m 2*5 cho tn hiu ra QD khng i xng -Kiu m 5*2 cho tn hiu ra QA i xng. 3.3:IC 7408

L loi c 4 phn t ANDc lp, lgic dng, mi phn t c haiu vo, chung ngunin, c 14 chn (cn gi l pin), chn 14 v chn 7 l chn +Vcc v chn GND, gc di bn tri c du trn xcnh chn 1 v theo th t t tri sang phin chn 7, t 8-14 theo th t t phi sang tri. +Hnh nh thc t:

4_ Khi gii m

4.1_ IC 74LS47 - Mch gii m c s dng ph bin nht l dng hin th kt qu dng ch s. Do c nhiu loi n hin th v nhiu loi m s khc nhau ln c nhiu mch gii m khc nhau. V d: gii m 3 ng ra 8 ng, gii m BCD ra thp phn... IC74LS47 l loi IC gii m BCD sang led 7 on. Mch gii m BCD sang led 7 on l mch gii m phc tp v mch phi cho nhiu ng ra ln cao hoc xung thp( ty vo loi n led l anod chung hoc catot chung) lm cc n sng ln cc s hoc k t. IC 74LS47 l loi IC tc ng mc thp c ng ra cc thu h v kh nng nhn dng cao thc trc tip vo cc n led 7 on loi anod chung. a_hnh dng v kch thc chn ngoi thc t:

*S chn ca IC74LS47.

y l IC gii m t BCD sang LED 7 on vi 4 chn u vo v 7 chn u ra vi chc nng ca cc chn nh sau: - Chn 1,2,6,7: Chn d liu BCD vo d liu ny c ly t IC m. -Chn :9,10, 11,12,13,14,15: Cc chn ra tc ng mc thp 0 v c ni vi LED 7 thanh -Chn 8 :l chn ni t GND. -Chn 16: Chn ni ngun 5V. -Chn 4: Chn ny c ni ln Vcc. -Chn 5: Ng vo xa dn sng RBI c khng hay ni ln cao khi khng c dng xa s 0 (s 0 trc s c ngha hay s 0 tha bn tri du chm thp phn). -Chn 3: Chn ny cng c ni ln ngun Vcc.

b_S logic ca 74LS47

c_Bng trng thi ca IC74LS47.

*Nguyn l hot ng:

- Nhn bng chn l trn ta thy vi 4 u vo sau khi gii m n cho ra 15 gi tr ca LED 7 on v hin th ln c LED 7 on. S hot ng ca mch c th hin bng chn l, trong i vi cc ng ra H l tt v L l sng . Ngha l nu 74LS47 thc n led 7 on th cc on a,b,c,d,e,f,g ca n s sng hay tt ty vo ng ra tng ng ca 74LS47 la L hay H nn n phi dng LED anod chung. Ng vo xa RBI c 0 hay ni ln mc 1 dng xa s 0 (s 0 tha pha sau s thp phn hay s 0 trc s c ngha). Khi RBI v cc ng vo A,B,C,D mc 0 nhng ng vo LT mc 1 th cc ng ra u tt v ng vo xa dng sng RBO xung mc thp. Khi ng vo BI/RBO ni ln mc 1 v LT mc 0 th ng ra u sng. Kt qu l khi m s nh phn 4 bit vo c gi tr thp phn t 0-15 n led hin th cc s nh hnh bn di

Ch : Khi m s nh phn vo l 1111=(15)10 th led tt. 4_ Khi hin th. 4.1-LED 7 on. Led 7 on c dng rt ph bin khi cn hin th s t nhin hoc vi ch ci nht nh. Led 7 on c th c kch thc nh khc nhau nh hnh sau:

Led 7 on bao gm nhiu led tch hp bn trong, cc led c ni chung nhau mt chn. Trong thc t c hai loi led 7 on l led 7 on anod chung v led 7 on katot chung. Trong bi ny ta s dng led 7 on anod chung.

i vi dng Led anode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 1 v mun sng Led th tng ng cc chn s-f,dp s mc logic 0.

Bng m cho Led anode chung (a l MSB, dp l LSB): V y l LED anode chung ln khi cc thanh tng ng mc 1 s sng v hin th theo s nh phn.

III_Thit k mch vi ORCAD. 1_V s nguyn l. u tin ta xc nh s lng linh kin s dng trong mch,c th i vi mch m sn phm s dng : 2 IC 74ls47, 2 IC 74LS90,1 IC 7408, 1 IC LM 358, 2 led 7 thanh, 1 b thu pht hng ngoi , 1 bin tr, 5 in tr, y c led 7 thanh khng c sn trong th vin ca ORCAD nn ta phi t to linh kin ny : Sau khi vo mi trng v nguyn l (capture Cis), chn File Library,mt ca s Library xut chut phi vo mc c cha file sau chn New Part mch New hin, nhp ui .olb

Lu : ng dn ny l ni cha th vin sau khi to

Khi ca s Newpart Propreties ti mc name, g tn linh kin mun to (v d LED 7 thanh) v nhp OK

xut hin,

Ca s ORCAD Capture xut hin, dng cc cng c trn thanh cng c bn phi v linh kin trong khu vc to linh kin, iu chnh rng ca ng bao ny bng cch chn ng bao sau gi v nhp chut ti kch thc ty .

S dng cng c Place Pin v chn linh kin, khi ca s place pin xut hin , mc Name nhp tn linh kin , mc Number nh s chn, mc Shape chn dng chn, mc Type chn kiu chn, chn xong cc mc ny th nhp OK. Khi s xut hin chn linh kin di chuyn theo con tr chut , t chn vo v ch no th nhp chut tri vo v tr , chuyn sang v tr tip theo s th t chn s t ng tng thm mt ( chnh sa tn v s th t chn bng cch nhy p chut tri vo chn ).

Dng cng c Place rectangle (biu tng hnh ch nht) trn thanh cng c v hnh ch nht to khung cho linh kin( lu v hnh ch nht bm st ng bao).

 t tn cho linh kin ,chn Place Text v nhp tn linh kin, sau di chuyn n v tr thch hp v nhp chut chi. Kt thc bng cch nhn ESC trn bn phm . Sau khi v xong linh kin bm nt Close gc phi mn hnh, mt ca s thng bo chn yes lu linh kin va to. trn hin ra,

Ch : s dng linh kin va to phi thm th vin cha linh kin ny( chn Place Part Add Library ...v chn linh kin va to)

Sau khi tm v sp xp v tr cc linh kin trn mn hnh thit k nh sau:

1 j 3 R 2 c 1 1 0

1 2

C R R 1

2 0 0

c 1

1 0

2 4

U 1 4 1 C C 2 3 R 6 R 7 R R 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4

1 L L 0 0 9 9 9 KQ KQ Q 1Q 2 1 2 0 1 2 A 9A B 8B 1C 1 D

U 7 1 D 2 D 6 D D 3 5 L R T

3 0 1 2 3 B B A B C D E F I G 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 3 2 1 0 5 4 B O

g 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 9 8 4 I / R 7 14 13 12 11 10 7 4 4 s e

f 1 2 4 g 8 e d 3 c 5 vcc a b

10 9 8 7 6

R R

r 7 2 2

R V 3R 01 0 k

1 3 8

U + L 4 r 6 1

A 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

U 4 1 C C 2 3 R 6 R 7 R R 7 4

2 L L 0 0 9 9 9 KQ KQ Q 1Q 2 1 2 0 1 2 A 9A B 8B 1C 1 D

U 7 1 D 2 D 6 D D 3 5 L R T

4 0 1 2 3 B B A B C D E F I G 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 3 2 1 0 5 4 B O

I S

5 D8 L E

1 D

g s e

f 1 2 4 g 7 e d 3 c 5 vcc a b

4 I / R 7

10 9 8 7 6

0 1

k2

Sau khi ni dy ta c s mch nguyn l sau:

1 j 3 R 2 c 1 1 0

1 2

C R R 1

0 0

c 1

1 0

2 4

U 1 1 2 3 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 C C R R R R 4

1 L L 0 0 9 9 9 1 K Q A A9 K Q B B8 Q C1 1Q D 2 1 2 0 2 1 7 1 2 6 3 5

U D D D D L R

3 0 1 2 3 T B B I A B C D E F G 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 3 2 1 0 5 4 B O

g 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 9 8 4 I / R 7 14 13 12 11 10 7 4 4 s e

f 1 2 4 g 8 e d 3 c 5 vcc a b

10 9 8 7 6

R R

r 7 2 2

R V 3R 01 0 k

1 3 8

U + L 4 r 6 1

A 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

U 1 2 3 6 7 7 4 C C R R R R 4

2 L L 0 0 9 9 9 1 K Q A A9 K Q B B8 Q C1 1Q D 2 1 2 0 2 1 7 1 2 6 3 5

U D D D D L R

4 0 1 2 3 T B B I A B C D E F G 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 3 2 1 0 5 4 B O

I S

3 D5 L

81 E D

g s e

f 1 2 4 g 7 e d 3 c 5 vcc a b

4 I / R 7

sau khi hon thnh s nguyn l ta tin hnh kim tra li . kim tra li ca s nguyn l ,nhp chut vo biu tng Minimize gc phi pha trn mn hnh. Mn hnh nh sau xut hin, ti khung bn tri nhp chn PAGE1. sau nhp chut vo biu tng Design rules check trn thanh cng c kim tra li

10 9 8 7 6

k2

Hp thoi Design Rules Check xut hin, chn mc kim tra.

Nhp OK, nu khng c thng bo g ngha l mch khng c li. Nu c s li xut hin hp thoi

Nhn Yes xem thng bo li Li thng gp l li trng k hiu linh kin sau khi bm yes s nhn c mt thng bo:
Checking for Duplicate References [DRC0010] Duplicate reference R9: SCHEMATIC1, PAGE1 (7.90, 3.20)
V C C

Thng bo trn cho bit trong s in tr R9 b trng tn, quay nguyn l sa li sai ny, trn s nguyn l s c du chm tr in tr ny Sau khi sa ht cc li, tip tc to tp tin Nestlish, tp tin ny s c thit k mch in 2_V s mch in

R R

li s xanh v ui .mnl

Bt Layout Plus mn hnh thit k mch in xut hin, nhp chut vo file new m mt file mi Hp thoi Load Template File chn file_default.tch( thng thng file ny nm ti ng dn (C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Data) bm open . Hp thoi Load Netlist Source xut hin chn file ui .mnl to bc trc, bm open Hp thoi save file as xut hin ,chn th mc mun lu ri bm save Hp thoi Link footprint To Component xut hin , bm Link existing footprint to component . chn chn cho linh kin

Li thng gp khi chn chn cho linh kin ,v d chn chn cm cho Swich 3 chn chn ng loi 3 chn nhng vn c thng bo li nh sau:

Nguyn nhn: l do trong s nguyn l ,s th t chn b thay i. xem c s th t chn ca linh kin, bm chut phi vo linh kin , chn Edit Part, v bm p chut vo chn cn xem. y chn s 2 ca swich b sa thnh chn s 4. Khc phc : t li s th t chn cho ng C mt s linh kin khng c th vin chn sn ta phi t to. i vi mch m sn phm ny c Led 7 thanh v bin tr phi t to chn . to chn cho linh kin chn File Library manage. Khi mn hnh to chn linh kin hin ra nhp chut vo Create new footprint to chn linh kin. Ti mc Name of footprint t tn linh kin cn to( v d led 7 thanh), sau chn h n v English v bm OK

Nhp chut vo biu tng ch T trn thanh cng c, sau nhp chut vo nhng ch khng cn thit ri n phm delete xa n i. chn thuc tnh cho text bng cch ko chut bi en n, xong bm chut phi chn properties( phm tt Ctrl+E), chn layer l sstop.

thit lp n v o chn Options

System settings (phm tt Ctrl+G)

Thng thng nn chn h n v o l millimeters(mm) s d dng hn trong vic o linh kin thc t to chn cho chnh xc. - visible Grid nn chn 2.54mm( l khong cch chun gia cc chn linh kin). - Place Gird chn 0.365 (l kch thc li t linh kin) - Via Grid l li t cc via - Routing Gird l li chy ng mch Sau khi chn xong ,nhp chut vo biu tng Pin Tool trn thanh cng c thao tc vi cc chn linh kin, nhn Crlt+V to mt chn mi v t vo v tr thch hp. o khong cch gia cc chn chn Tool Demension Select tool iu chnh khong cch cc chn cho chnh xc vi thc t

o ri nhp chut vo biu tng Obstacle tool v ng bao cho chn linh kin . Ta c s chn cho led 7 thanh nh sau:

Cui cng lu chn linh kin th vin c sn ca hoc to th vin ring cho cch chn Save as Trong mc Name of nn t cho ph hp d nh. V thanh. mc Name of library, ta vin cn lu, v d nh Thu Xong ,bm ok.

va to vo ORCAD mnh bng Footprint, d Led 7

chn tn th vien tu tao .

Khi to xong chn cm v chn c chn cho linh kin, sau khi sp xp ta c:

Tip tc chn s lp cn thit cho mch in v chn kch thc, rng cho ng mch. chn s lp cho mch chn Tool Layer Select from spreadsheet . b i nhng lp khng dng, chn lp cn b, nhp chut phi vo lp v chn Properties. b khng chy dy lp chn Unused Routing, cn chy mch in lp , chn Routinglayer . y ta chn lp TOP v i dy lp :

chn rng ng mch chn Window Nest . Kch chut chi vo ct Width Min Con Max c ct s c bi en. Kch chut chi vo vng b bi en chn Properties hp thoi Edit nest xut hin in gi tr rng ng mch nh hnh v:

Sau khi chn rng ng mch in. Nhp chut vo biu tng Add/Edit Route Mode nh hnh bn tin hnh i dy bng tay. Ta c mch sau khi i dy nh sau :

Sau khi i dy ta c th kim tra li bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng Design Rule Check nu c li s c khoanh trn

Tip n tin hnh v ng bao v ph ng cho mch in . Nhp chut vo biu tng Obstacle Tool v ng bao cho mch in .

Nhp chut vo biu tng Text Tool vit tn mch v ngi thit k

Mch in sau khi v ng bao v vit tn nh sau :

Ta c th thay i rng ng mch in bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng Edit Segment Mode ri nhp chut chi vo ng mch cn chnh sa tip tc nhp chut phi ri chn Change width (hoc nhp chut chi ri n W) hp thoi Track Width hin ra in gi tr rng mun thay i ( ch gi tr thay i khng c vt qu gi tr Max Width chn trn ,nu ln hn th khi kim tra s c thng bo li )

Mch in sau khi chnh sa ng mch nh sau:

IV_Nguyn l hot ng ca ton mch. - Phn to dao ng: Khi c mt sn phm c a qua n s che con led pht quang v lm cho quang tr thay i gi tr. in p thay i c con LM358 so snh nu chn dng in chn vo dng ca LM258 ln hn dng in chn vo m th n s cho ra mc 1 v khi n s kch xung cho con IC 74LS90 bt u m. - Phn m: Sau khi IC 74LS90 nhn c xung t LM358 n bt u m. V kt qu m c a qua con gii m BCD hin th ln LED7 thanh. Khi c 10 xung vo u tin n s m t 0 n 9. n xung th 10(tc l khi IC m th nht m ti 9) n li quay v 0 v khi chn 11 s c bt ln mc cao ng thi kch 1 xung cho con IC 74LS90 th 2. V con IC 74LS90 th 2 bt u m, gi tr hin th ln n gi tr ca hng chc.Khi IC 7490 th hai m n 6 th chn 8 v chn 9 ca n s mc cao.M chn 8 v chn 9 ca IC 74LS90 ln lt ni vi chn 12 v chn 13 ca IC 7408.Nh vy chn 12 v chn 13 s mc cao dn ti chn 11 v chn 10 ca IC 7408 cng mc cao (do chn 11 l chn ra va ni vi chn 10).V vy chn 8 ca IC 7408 s mc cao v khi tn hiu t chn 8 s c truyn vo hai chn thit lp 2 v 3 ca IC 74LS90.Khi b m hng chc s t ng reset v 0.c nh vay n s m n 60 v quay li v 0. -Phn gii m: IC74LS47 dng gii m nh phn khi IC 74LS90 m v kt qu hin th ln LED 7 thanh. - Phn hin th : Hin th kt qu m c dng thp phn. V_Kt lun. Vi bi thit k mch m 60 sn phm cho chng ta hiu thm v mn hc K thut s ni chung cng nh mn hc thit k mch s v analog. Ngoi ra cn gip chng ta hiu thm v cng dng ca tng con IC c s dng nh th no. Mch m sn phm ny co rt nhiu ng dng trong i sng cng nh trong sn xut nh ta c th ng dng m v ng gi sn phm Trong qu trnh thit k mch cn gip sinh vin nng cao k nng s dng phn mm OrCAD phc v cho cng vic thit k mch sau ny . Trong qu trnh tm hiu kt qu vn cha c hon thin v vn cn b xung thm. Em rt mong c s ng gp kin v hng dn ca c gio v cc bn c th hon thin tt hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n! NHN XT CA GIO VIN