Copyright 2009 by James A.

Menart 1
GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR CONVECTION

Continuity Equation
c
ct
+
c u ( )
cx
+
c v ( )
cy
+
c w ( )
cz
= 0

x-Direction Momentum Equation for a Newtonian Fluid
( ) ( ) ( )
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ +
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
+ =
+ + +
x
w
z
u
z y
u
x
v
y z
w
y
v
x
u
x
u
x x
p
b
wu
z
vu
y
uu
x t
) u (
x
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c
3
2
2

y-Direction Momentum Equation
( ) ( ) ( )
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
+ + +
z
v
y
w
z y
u
x
v
x z
w
y
v
x
u
y
v
y y
p
b
wv
z
vv
y
uv
x t
) v (
y
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c
3
2
2

z-Direction Momentum Equation for a Newtonian Fluid:
( ) ( ) ( )
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ +
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
+ =
+ + +
z
v
y
w
y x
w
z
u
x z
w
y
v
x
u
z
w
z z
p
b
ww
z
vw
y
uw
x t
) w (
z
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c

c
c
c
c
3
2
2

Energy Equation
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
other
z y x
S
z
pw
y
pv
x
pu
w b v b u b
z
T
k
z y
T
k
y x
T
k
x
z
w v u
w
y
w v u
v
x
w v u
u
z
we
y
ve
x
ue
t
w v u
t
e
+ u + + + +
+ + + |
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
+ + +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+

c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2

Thermal Energy Equation
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
q
z
w
y
v
x
u
P
z
T
k
z y
T
k
y x
T
k
x
z
we
y
ve
x
ue
t
e
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
+ + +
u
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c