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Gii thiu:
PP chun to phc c dng ph bin trong cc phng
TN nh my cng nh trong cc phng TN nghin cu KH
xc nh chnh xc phn ln kim loi trong mu
1. Phc cht v hng s bn
Phc cht c hnh thnh t:
Ion KL trung tm ( KL chuyn
tip, c ph tng d cn trng):
ng vai tr acid Lewis, nhn i e Ligand hay phi t l nhng
phn t hay ion: ng vai tr
baz Lewis, cho i in t: tc
nhn to phc
Lin kt phi tr hay lin kt CHT
3
Cu + 4:NH 3
2+
AgCl + 2:NH3
s phi tr
[Cu(NH3 )4 ]
+
[ Ag(NH3 )2 ] + Cl2+
s phi tr
[ Ag(NH3 )2 ]
AgCl + 2NH 3
[ Ag(NH3 )]
Ag + NH 3
[ Ag(NH3 )]
[ Ag(NH3 )]
=
K f1
[ Ag(NH3 )2 ]
+ NH 3
K f =K f1
[Ag ][NH3 ]
= 2,5 103
[ Ag(NH3 )2 ] = 1,0104
+
[ Ag(NH3 )] [NH3 ]
+
Kf2 =
[ Ag(NH3 )2 ] , K f
+
Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]
[
K =
= 2,5 107
+
Ag + + 2NH 3
+ Cl- K f
f2
[Ag + ][NH 3 ]2
[ Ag(NH3 )2 ]
Ag + + 2NH 3 K i hay K d
M +L
2+
[ ML]
2+
[ ML]
2+
Kf =
[M +2 ][ L]
x = [M 2+ ] = 3, 2 105 M
6
Ag + trien
+
[ Ag(trien)]
Ag(trien) +
Kf = +
[Ag ][trien]
x = [Ag + ] = 9,8.109 M
7
2. PP chun to phc
C+M
CM
Kf
Y -4 + M n+
K MY =
MY (4-n)
[MY (4-n) ]
[Y -4 ][M n+ ]
KMY
Log KMY
Cation
KMY
Log KMY
Ag+
2.1 x 107
7.32
Cu2+
6.3 x 1018
18.80
Mg2+
4.9 x 108
8.69
Zn2+
3.2 x 1016
16.50
Ca2+
5.0 x 1010
10.70
Cd2+
2.9 x 1016
16.46
Sr2+
4.3 x 108
8.63
Hg2+
6.3 x 1021
21.80
Ba2+
5.8 x 107
7.76
Pb2+
1.1 x 1018
18.04
Mn2+
6.2 x 1013
13.79
Al3+
1.3 x 1016
16.13
Fe2+
2.1 x 1014
14.33
Fe3+
1.3 x 1025
25.1
Co2+
2.0 x 1016
16.31
V3+
7.9 x 1025
25.9
Ni2+
4.2 x 1018
18.62
Th4+
1.6 x 1023
23.2
10
Y -4 + M n+
MY (4-n)
K MY
Y4- : ph thuc vo pH
+
[MY (4-n) ]
= -4
[Y ][M n+ ]
+
H
H
H
H
HY3-
H2Y2-
H3Y-
H4Y
Y-4
K MY =
[MY (4-n) ]
[MY (4-n) ]
K
K
=
=
MY
4 MY
[M n+ ]i 4 C H4 Y
[M n+ ][C H4 Y ]
11
12
nh hng ca pH ln Kf
13
Ca 2+ + EDTA
x
x
CaY 2
0, 0500 - x 0, 0500
CaY 2-
0, 0500
=
= 5, 0 1010
Kf=
2+
[Ca ] 4 [CH4 Y ] x 0,35 x
'
2+
x = 1, 7 106 M pCa = log[Ca ] = 5, 77
14
M n+ + H 2 Y 2-
MY n 4 + 2H +
16
MgY 2
Mg 2+ + Y 4 Phn ng vi ch th
MgY 2 + In
MgIn + Y 4-
(ho^`ng)
(xanh)
In + Mg
(xanh)
MgIn
(ho^`ng)
Ca2+
17
MgY + Ca
2-
2+
CaY + Mg
2+
Ca
2+
+ Y 4-
CaY
Mg
2+
+ Y 4-
MgY
MgY
+ In
18
Ca + EDTA
CaY
0, 0500 - x 0, 0500
x 2x
[CaY ]
0, 0500
K 'f =
=
= 1,8 1010
2+
[Ca ][C H4 Y ]
xx
2+
2+
[CaY 2- ]
0, 0400
=
= 1,8 1010
Kf=
2+
2+
[Ca ][C H4 Y ] [Ca ] 0, 0200
'
2+
Ca + EDTA
2+
CaY
22
3 vng
chun
ca
EDTA
23
24