Tai Lieu Nha May Dien Tri An

MC LC
2
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V CNG TY THY IN TR AN.........................................2
CHNG 2
H THNG KCH T .......................................................................................19
CHNG 3
S MCH LC ...........................................................................................38
CHNG 4
B TO XUNG KCH THYRISTOR AV..........................................................41
CHNG 5
B IU CHNH KCH T T NG AVM.............................................48
KHI IU KHIN D PHNG AVN ..............................................................................101
CHNG 7
CC H HNG TRONG H THNG KCH T.........................................105
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TRANG 1
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V CNG TY
THY IN TR AN
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TRANG 2
1.1.
1.1.1.
Gii thiu tng quan v Cng ty

V tr hot ng ca Cng ty :
Cng ty thy in Tr An c thit lp trn sng ng Nai thuc khu
vc Huyn Vnh Cu-ng Nai, cch thnh ph H Ch Minh 65 km v pha
ng Bc, l khu vc i ni nhng thun tin v ng b v ng sng,
vo thng 12/1987 Cng ty a vo hot ng chy t my pht s 1, vi
mt din tch tng i ln bao gm khu vc nh khi t my pht v nh lm
vic ca cn b cng nhn vin, trm phn phi ngoi tri 220 kV v 110kV
cng cc kho vt t v xng sa cha lp rp. Vi 4 t my cng sut
4x100MW Cng ty thuc loi thy in ln khu vc pha nam Vit Nam, nn
Cng ty thy in Tr An ng vai tr quan trng trong h thng in quc gia.
Mt bng b tr cng trnh chnh ca Cng ty nh sau:
Ta nh Cng ty thy in,ca nhn nc, knh dn ra, p sui Rp, p trn,
knh ni h chnh v h ph, chn h chnh v h ph.
1.1.2.
Cng trnh chnh ca Cng ty

Sng ng Nai bt ngun t bnh nguyn Langbiang. Cc nhnh ca n l
sng La Ng, sng B, sng Si Gn, sng Vm C ng.Ton b tuyn cng
trnh c b tr lu vc sng ti on thc Tr An bc thang cui cng ca
sng. Pha di ch ra sng La Ng 38Km v cch ng ba ca sng 138 km.
1.1.2.1. H cha
H cha bao gm h ln v h trung gian vi chiu di n pha thng
lu l 43,5Km chiu rng trung bnh l 7,5Km . su ln nht l 28m.
Din tch mt thong h cha chnh nh sau:
Mc nc khi bnh thng l 323,4Km2 .
Khi mc nc cht l 63,1Km2.
Dung tch ca h cha:
Dung tch ton phn:2,765Km3
Dung tch hu ch: 2,547Km3
Ct nc tnh ton chn Turbine :52m
Ct nc khi ln nht l 61,5m, khi nh nht l 44,4m.
Vi lu lng nc v v d tr hng nm h Tr An c s gi s dng
cng sut t trn 4470 gi (vi nm nhiu nc),cho cng sut pht in t t
1,25t KWh (vi nm t nc) n 2,29 t KWh/nm (i vi nm nhiu nc).
Lu lng nc qua Turbine khi pht ht cng sut t 400MW l 880m3/s
tng ng 7,92m3 th c 1KW.
1.1.2.2. Ca nhn nc
Ca nhn nc dng ly nc t h cha pha thng lu a vo
ng ng p lc n Tuabin .
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TRANG 3
1.1.2.2.1. Ca nhn nc gm :
Li chn rc , ca van sa cha,ca van sa cha s c.
C 4 ca qua 4 ng ng p lc n 4 t my . Mi ca rng 9m , cao 10,5m.
Trong thn cng trnh c cc h khoang gim p v mt hnh lang cao trnh
27m , dng kim tra v a nc thm ra h lu .
1.1.2.2.2. Li chn rc :
Li chn rc t cch ca chnh 13m , gm 4 khoang , mi khoang rng
9m v cao 33m .
1.1.2.2.3. Ca van sa cha :
Ca van sa cha nm sau li chn rc , cch ly nc thng lu
khi kim tra sa cha hoc th nghim ca van sa cha s c .
Ca van dng phng , c nng h bng cu chn d.
Nhp ca rng 7m , cao 10,5m .
1.1.2.2.4. Ca van sa cha s c :
Ca van sa cha s c dng ngn nc vo ng ng p lc khi
dng s c cp 3 hay khi cn sa cha ng ng p lc .
Van dng phng c gi trt hai bn hng ca , c nng h bng kch thy
lc.
Mi van gm 2 tht ni tip nhau bng lin ng c kh . np nc ng
ng , nng phn trn trc to khe h 120mm , khi nc y ng ng mi
nng ht ca van.
Ca rng 7m, cao 8,2m.
1.1.2.3. ng ng p lc
Gm 4 ng ng bng b tng ct thp cho 4 t my , mi ng ng c
: chiu di 81,5m , tit din hnh ch nht : 7m x 6,5m .
Nc theo ng ng p lc vo bung xon qua cc cnh hng a nc vo
Turbine, sau nc dn ra h lu .Mi t my c 2 khoang ca ra,mi ca c
kch thc 7x7m, c ng m bng cu chn d.
ng ng p lc c kh nng nhn 220m3 /s khi cc my pht chy vi cng
sut t.
1.1.2.4. p trn
p trn c nhim v iu tit x l , cng nh tch tr nc vo cui
ma l .
p trn c 8 khoang, mi khoang rng 15m vi 8 ca van cung c ng m
bng cu chn d 2x 125 tn
Kh nng x ln nht : 18700 m3/ s
Pha thng lu ca p l nn ca knh dn cao trnh 30m, c gia c chc
chn v to ng hng nc khi x trn .
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TRANG 4
Pha h lu c gia c thnh mt nghing xui xung cao trnh 30m, pha y
l sn tiu nng c cng dng tiu tn bt nng lng dng nc khi x trn ,
gim bt s xi l pha h lu.
nng cao s gi chy my t sn lng in pht cao Cng ty iu tit
h cha theo ma.
Tch nc vo ma ma d tr nc vo ma kh, lu lng nc v ln c
th x l qua 8 cnh ca van hnh cung p trn. Lu lng nc x ra s
c chy qua dng chy t nhin a v pha h lu ca khi t my.
Vic thc hin iu tit tt nht s a n sn lng in ln nht.Tuy nhin
phi c s iu ha gia cc nh my in v va m bo ngun nc cho
nng nghip v giao thng vn ti
iu tit tun theo nguyn tc: m bo thc hin mc nc cht ng vo
cui ma kh v t c mc nc y vo cui ma ma.
Vo ma kh m bo mc nc phi cho cc t my lm vic t lun phin
nhau v cng c thc hin trung , i tu cc t my vo ma ny.
Vo ma ma cho lm vic ht 4 t my theo lu lng v v gi mc nc
bnh thng. Cui ma ma ly nc h cha chy my.
1.1.3.
Cc thit b thy lc, h thng du, nc v kh
1.1.3.1. Thit b thy lc:

nng h cc ca van nh ca van ca nhn nc ,ca van sa cha s
c s c thc hin ng, m nh vo cc xilanh pittong thy lc. Mi b
xilanh pittong thy lc c trang b cc van in t iu khin ng m cc
ng du p lc phc v cho vic nng h ca van .
iu chnh nc qua Turbine bng cch iu chnh m cnh hng bng h
thng iu tc, l b iu tc in thy lc dng t ng iu chnh tn s
my pht v iu khin tua bin mi ch khc nhau, ng thi dng iu
chnh cng sut hu cng t my .
1.1.3.2. Du p lc MHY:
p lc lm vic ca du trong h thng iu chnh ng m cnh hng
l: (40kg/cm2/4 My pht )
Bnh p lc ch cha mt lng du va iu khin h thng thy lc, th
tch cn li c np y kh nn .
Sau khi thc hin ng m du c a v ngn gia thng du x, ti y
c b lc li, du t ngn gia i qua b lc v c kh bt khng kh trc
khi n ngn sch chun b cho chu k.
Trn ng ng dn kh p lc 40 kgf/cm2 ni vi bnh p lc MHY c lp van
mt chiu, van ny dng ngn khng cho khng kh thot ra t bnh p lc .
B iu chnh mc du dng t ng np b sung kh nn vo bnh p lc.
Kh nn t h thng 40kg/cm2 qua van tay van mt chiu , b lc kh n b b
iu chnh mc du vo bnh p lc .
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TRANG 5
1.1.3.3. H thng nc:

1.1.3.3.1. Nc lm mt t my.
H thng nc lm mt c ly t bung xon qua van truyn ng
in, van gim p ,qua h thng lc v van cp nc k thut a n b lm
mt du, kh nh.
hng turbine
my pht.
hng my pht.
Lm mt gi my pht.
1.1.3.3.2. Nc lm mt my bin p chnh.
Nc lm mt my bin p chnh c ly qua ng ng nc cu ha
ti 21,9m qua lc v a vo b lm mt du.
Khi ng mch my bin th ng thi my bm du tun hon cng t ng
ng mch. Nc c a vo b lm mt du ngay sau khi my bm du
khi ng.
1.1.3.3.3. Nc cu ha.
H thng nc cu ha c ly t 2 ng ng p lc H1 v H4 cao
trnh 39,66m qua lc cha chy cho trm phn phi OPY, trm kh nn,kho,
phn xng. Trn cc on ng ng c cc v tr ly nc cu ha ti ch.
cu ha cho my bin p khi s c v hm cp, sn truyn ti, c ly qua
3 bm t ti cao trnh 1,15m h thng bm to thm p lc cho cha chy.
Cc bm s c t ng lm vic khi bo v chnh ca my bin p lm vic.
1.1.3.4. Kh nn:
vn hnh cc thit b bng p lc kh ti Cng ty c cc h thng kh nn
nh sau:
H thng kh nn bao gm:
Trm kh nn chnh 40 .
Trm kh nn b.
Trm kh nn chnh c dng cho cho cc b phn sau:
Bnh kh loi 40kgf/cm2 gm c 3 my nn cung cp cho MHY.
Bnh kh loi 8kgf/cm2 dng cho o lng, phanh hm .
Trm kh nn b c dng cho ch chy b my pht v np kh b sung
qua van cu.
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TRANG 6
1.2.
1.2.1.
Thit b v kt cu phn in chnh

Cc thit b in chnh
1.2.1.1. My pht in:G1.G4

Cng ty c 4 t my pht c cng sut mi t my l 100MW cc t my c
th lm vic 2 ch .
Ch my pht.
Ch my b.
My pht in Turbine nc do Lin X ch to,loi CB3.1230/140-56TB4
trc ng kiu d c cc thng s k thut in sau.
Thng s k thut:
Cng sut biu kin
: S = 117,6 MVA
Cng sut hu cng
:P = 100 MW
Trong ch b ng b
Qmax = 80 MVAR
Qmin = - 40 MVAR
in p nh mc stator
: Us.m = 13,8 kV
Dng in nh mc stator
: Is.m = 4920 A
in p kch thch nh mc
: Ur.m = 340 V
Dng in kch thch nh mc
: Ir.m = 1200 A
Dng kch thch khng ti
: Ir.0 = 670A
Tn s
: f
H s cng sut
: Cos = 0,85
Tc quay nh mc
: nm = 107,1 v/p
Lng tc
: nLt = 230v/p
S cc t
: 56 cc
= 50Hz
H thng kch thch : Loi t kch bng Thyristor gm hai b chnh lu

cu 3 pha ni song song vi nhau, c gc kch t 0o n 150o in .
in tr 1 chiu cun dy kch t +15oC l : 0,196
in tr 1 chiu mt pha stator +15oC l
: 0,0044
S ni dy stator: Hnh sao, trung tnh c t bin th kim tra in p

in dung mt pha stator i vi my pht
: 0,93 F
Dng in in dung khi mt pha chm t stator : 7A

in khng :
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TRANG 7
Dc trc
: xd = 87% ; xd = 27% ; xd = 18%
Ngang trc
: xq = 58% ; xq = 19%
Th t nghch : x2 = 18,5%
Th t khng : xo = 4,6%
H s qu ti tnh : 2,5
Momen qun tnh Rotor my pht : 35x 107 kg.m2
ng knh trong stator : 11,6m
Chiu cao li t : 1,41m
1.2.1.2. My bin p tng p:T1T4
My bin p chnh c nhim v tng in p my pht t 13,8kV ln
220kV truyn ti v kt ni vi h thng in.
My bin p loi T-125000/220 T, 3 pha, 2 cun dy vi cc thng s k
thut sau.
Thng s k thut :
Cng sut biu kin nh mc : Sm = 125 000kVA.
in p nh mc :
Cao th : UmCA= 242kV.
H th : UmHT= 13,8kV.
Dng in nh mc:
Cao th : ImCA= 299A .
H th : ImHT= 5220A.
C b iu chnh in th khi my bin p khng ti .
Gii hn iu chnh in th :2x2,5%
in p tng ng vi cc nc iu chnh:
229,9kV ; 235,95kV ; 242kV ; 248,05kV ; 254,1kV.
Tn s
T u dy
: 50Hz
: Y0 /-11.
Ch lm vic ca trung tnh : Ni t trc tip .

in p ngn mch
: Un% = 11 ( 10%)
Dng in khng ti
: I0% = 0,55 ( 30%)
Tn hao ngn mch
: Pn = 380kW ( 10%)
Tn hao khng ti
: P0
= 120kW ( 15%)
My c lm mt bng h thng du nc loi ( lm mt tun

_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 8
hon bng cng bc du v nc).

Nhit lm mt
: < 330C .
Lng du trong my bin p
: 38 tn
Cc my bin th c t sn cc my bin dng pha in p cao v

u ra trung tnh.
1.2.1.3. My ct 13,8KV: 501.504
ng ct, kt ni v c lp my pht vi h thng c s dng my
ct u cc ni gia my bin p chnh v my pht. My ct c cc thng s
k thut in sau.
Thng s k thut:
My ct kh SF6 ca hng AlSTOM loi FKG22S.
in p nh mc
Um = 24kV.
Dng in nh mc
Im
= 6300A
Dng in ct nh mc :
Ict m= 63kA.
in p chu ng tn s ngun :
Ud = 60KV.
B truyn ng ng ct 3 pha.
Thi gian ct ca my ct
Thi gian ng ca my ct :
Thi gian tch nng
tc = 0,029 0,039s
t = 0,1 0,115s
> 10s
p lc kh nhit 200C :
p lc nh mc
0,Mpa (7,5kgf/cm2)
p lc bo tn hiu :
0,64Mpa (6,4kgf/cm2)
p lc kha my ct :
0,62Mpa (6,2kgf/cm2)
1.2.1.4. My ct 220kV:231234
kt ni gia my bin p chnh v h thng thanh ci 220KV thng qua
my ct SF6 , thng s k thut nh sau:
My ct loi :LTB245E1
in p nh mc
:Um = 245kV
Dng in nh mc
:Im = 4000A
Dng in ct nh mc :Ict m = 40kA

Tn s 50Hz
B truyn ng ng ct tng pha.
Thi gian ct ca my ct : tc = 0,015 0,019s
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 9
Thi gian ng ca my ct: t < 0,8s

p lc kh nhit 200C :
p lc kh SF6 nh mc:
0,7Mpa (7kgf/cm2)
p lc kh SF6 thp bo tn hiu: 0,62Mpa (6,2kgf/cm2)

p lc kh SF6 thp kha mch thao tc: 0,6 Mpa (6kgf/cm2)
1.2.1.5. My bin p t ngu:
c cp in p ph hp vi cc ngun ph ti, nh my c trm phn
phi ngoi tri OPY 110kV cp in p ny c kt ni vi trm phn phi
OPY 220KV bng hai my bin p t ngu 8T v 9T.
1.2.1.5.1. My bin p t ngu: 8T
My bin p t ngu do Lin X ch to loi AT 63000/220/110/6,3
85T, 3 pha ,3 cun dy.
My c h thng lm mt ( du tun hon cng bc gi ) cc thng s k
thut sau.
Thng s k thut:
Cng sut biu kin nh mc
: Sm = 63000/ 63000/ 32000kVA
in p nh mc
Cao th
: UmC = 230kV
Trung th : UmT = 121kV

H th
: UmH = 6,3kV
Dng in nh mc
Cao th : ImC = 158A

Trung th : ImT =268 301 -342 (A)
H th
: ImH = 6,3KV
Tn s
: f = 50Hz
T u dy: Y0/ --11

Bin iu chnh in p di ti: 8 x 1,5%
in p ngn mch :+ UN(C-T) = 11%
UN(T-H) = 22%
UN(C-H) = 36%
Tn hao:
Tn hao ngn mch Pn =215 kW
Tn hao khng ti P0 = 45 kW
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 10
Dng in khng ti :I0 = 0,5%

1.2.1.5.2. My bin p t ngu: 9T
My bin p do hng ABB ch to, loi KTRT 245X46
Thng s k thut:
Pha,3 cun dy.
Sm = 63 000/ 63 000/ 32 000 kVA.
Um= 230 / 121 / 6,3 KV.
Dng in nh mc
Cao th : ImC = 158A

Trung th : ImT =268 301 -342 (A)
H th
: ImH = 6,3kV
Tn s
: f = 50Hz
in p ngn mch (%) :

UN(C-T) = 11,7 10,7 10,7
UN(T-H) = 20,9 23,8 - 28,2
UN(C-H) = 31,1
Tn tht ngn mch (kW):
PN(C-T) = 100,42 112,76 179,56
PN(T-H) = 105,28 115,32 136,29
PN(C-H) = 94,58
Tn tht khng ti (kW) : P0 = 21,57
Dng in khng ti (%): I0 = 0,11
T u dy: Y0TN / -0-11 .
B iu chnh di ti : 121 8x 1,5%
Kiu h thng lm mt: ONAN/ONAF
1.2.1.6. My ct 220KV:
Dng cho ngn l 9T (MC239) thng s k thut nh sau :
My ct loi LTB245E1
in p nh mc
:Um = 245kV
Dng in nh mc
:Im = 4000A
Dng in ct nh mc :Ict m = 40kA

Tn s 50Hz
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 11
B truyn ng ng ct tng pha.

Thi gian ct ca my ct : tc = 0,015 0,019 s
Thi gian ng ca my ct: t < 0,8 s
p lc kh nhit 200C :
p lc kh SF6 nh mc:
0,7Mpa (7kgf/cm2)

p lc kh SF6 thp kha mch thao tc: 0,6 Mpa (6kgf/cm2)
1.2.1.7. My ct 110kV:
i vi trm OPY 110kV u c s dng my ct kh SF6,ca hng
ALSTOM loi F1/4031/VR v ABB loi LTB 145D1/B
Cc thng s k thut i vi my ct ny nh sau:
Um= 123kV.
Im = 3150 A
Ict m = 31,5 kA
fm = 50/60 HZ
C cu truyn ng ng ct 3 pha.
Thi gian ct: tc = 0,019 0,025s
Thi gian ng: t 0,04s
p lc kh nhit 200C :
p lc kh SF6 nh mc: 0,7Mpa (7kgf/cm2)
p lc kh SF6 thp kha mch thao tc: 0,6Mpa (6kgf/cm2)
Thi gian ct ca cc my ct l 171,138,100B,100A nh sau.
Thi gian ct: tc = 0,04s 10%
Thi gian ng: t =0,085 s 10%
1.2.2.
Kt cu phn in chnh
1.2.2.1. S ni in
Trm phn phi ngoi tri 220kV v 110kV.
1.2.2.1.1. Trm OPY 220kV:
Trm phn phi ngoi tri 220kV c thit k vi 2 h thng thanh gp
c thanh gp vng, m bo tin cy cung cp in cao.
Trm c 5 ngn l ra ng dy.
Trong :
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 12
1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Bnh Ha 1 (273).

1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Bnh Ha 2 (272).
1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Long Bnh (271).
2 ngn ang d phng.
Cc ngn khc ca trm dng cho khi t my, my ct kt gin, my ct vng
v my bin p t ngu.
1.2.2.1.2. Trm OPY 110KV:
Trm phn phi ngoi tri 110kV c thit k vi h thng hai thanh
gp c thanh gp vng.
Trm c 6 ngn l ra ng dy.
Trong :
1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Ph Gio (171).
1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Thnh Ph (172).
1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Kim Tn (176).
1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Tn Ha (173).
2 ngn d phng (174 v 175).
Trm kt ni vi h thng thanh gp 220kV bng 2 my bin p t ngu 8T v
my bin p t ngu 9T.
1.2.2.1.3. Trm KPYII- 6kV:
Trm phn phi trong nh KPYII -6kV c thit k vi mt h thng
thanh gp c my ct phn on, ngun ny c ly t cun h p ca my
bin p t ngu ,dng ch yu cung cp cho ti a phng.
1.2.3.
H thng in t dng
1.2.3.1. Ngun xoay chiu

Tt c h thng t dng ca Cng ty c ly t 3 my bin p t dng
TD1,TD2,TD3 c t cao trnh 23m pha thng lu cng vi my bin p
chnh.
My bin p t dng c nhim v h in p t 13,8kV xung 6,3kV kt vi
trm phn phi KPYI -6kV c lp t ti cao trnh 9,8m.
Cc thng s k thut chnh ca my bin p t dng: TD1TD3
My bin p loi TMH 4000/35-TI, 3 pha, 2 cun dy.
Sm = 4000kVA
Um = 13,8/6,3kV
Im SC = 167,3A
Im TC = 366,6A
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 13
f = 50Hz
T u dy: Y/ -11
Gii hn iu chnh in p di ti: 6 x 1,5%
in p ngn mch : UN = 7,5%
Tn hao:
Tn hao ngn mch Pn =33,5kW
Tn hao khng ti P0 = 5,6kW
Dng in khng ti :I0 = 1,0%
Trm KPY I -6kV c thit k theo dng hp b, lp t trong nh vi mt h
thng thanh gp c my ct phn on. Trm c kt ni vi 3 my bin p
t dng 13,8/6 kV thng qua 4 my ct 6kV. My bin p TD1 c kt ni
ti phn on II qua my ct s 41, my bin p TD3 c kt ni ti phn
on I qua my ct s 7, my bin p TD2 c kt ni ti c 2 phn on I v
II qua 2 my ct s 19 v 29.
Trn mi phn on 6KV c cc my ct u ra c kt ni ti cc my bin
p cung cp trm t dng 0,4kV. Cc trm t dng 0,4kV trong Cng ty c
cung cp t 2 my bin p 6/0,4kV cho 2 phn on.
Cc ngun ph ti t dng 0,4kV bao gm cc trm sau:
T dng 4 t my, t dng chung, sn lp rp, trm bm tho kh, trm kh nn,
ta nh hnh chnh, p trn.
Cc ngun ph ti 0,4kV xa nh p trn v trm bm, chiu sng khu c x,
kho xng c truyn ti bng tuyn ng dy trn khng 6kV.
1.2.3.2. H thng in mt chiu
H thng in mt chiu ca Cng ty gm c hai cm bnh c quy loi ch
pha nc. Mt cm c t phng iu hnh trung tm Cng ty v mt cm
c t trong nh iu khin M - 220kV, h thng in mt chiu lm
vic ch ph np thng xuyn. Mi cm bnh c qui c kt ni vi mt
h thng thanh gp, phn thnh hai phn on. Hai phn on c kt ni vi
nhau bng dao cch ly.Trn mi thanh gp c gn thit b ph np thng
xuyn t b chnh lu.
H thng c quy bao gm 108 phn t, mi phn t c sut in ng 2,15V,
sut in ng ton b l 230V DC. Tng dung lng mi cm l 630Ah.
Tt c cc ph ti dng in mt chiu c ly t bng in nh sau:
Bng in DC M 220kV: dng cung cp cho cc ph ti ngun ng
lc thao tc my ct 6KV,my ct 110KV v my ct 220kV .Dng cho
mch iu khin my ct ,mch tn hiu v mch bo v ca trm
220KV, 110kV KPY-II 6kV.
Bng in DC trung tm: dng cung cp cho cc mch ng lc v thao
tc my ct 13,8 kV, my ct 6KV trm KPY I, my ct 0,4 kV trm t
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 14
dng. Ngoi ra cn cung cp cho cc ph ti chiu sng s c ,thng tin lin

lc ..v.v..
T bng in trung tm h thng DC c cung cp cho cc t my thng qua 2
khi :
Khi 1 : Dng cung cp cho cc ph ti mch bo v, iu khin, tn
hiu, chiu sng t my H1 v H2.
Khi 2 : Dng cung cp cho cc ph ti mch bo v, iu khin, tn
hiu, chiu sng t my H3 v H4.
Trn mi thanh ci ca mi khi u c ng h kim tra cch in, v in p
thanh ci.
1.2.4.
H thng iu khin v t ng
1.2.4.1. iu khin tn hiu v o lng

T phng iu khin trung tm thc hin iu khin t xa cc t my
thy lc v cc my ct 220kV ,110kV ,kim tra ch lm vic tt c cc
phn t chnh v ch lm vic ca Cng ty ni chung.
o lng v kim tra cc phn t thit b in chnh trong Cng ty nh :
o dng stato, roto, cng sut P,Q my pht, o dng pha cao p my bin p
chnh. Dng v cng sut P, Q tt c cc tuyn ng dy, my ct vng, o
in p v tn s trn mi thanh ci , o dng my ct phn on.
1.2.4.2. iu khin v t ng t my
S iu khin m bo t ng ha hon ton tt c cc ch lm vic
ca tua bin v my pht c thc hin nh sau:
Kim tra thng xuyn s sn sng lm vic ca cc t my.
Khi ng t my bnh thng, ha ng b my pht vo li, bng
phng php ha ng b chnh xc.
Chuyn t my vo ch b ng b v ngc li.
Dng t ng bnh thng t my.
Dng s c t ng k c khi ang chy ch b.
1.2.4.3. iu khin cc thit b ph tr
Trong Cng ty s c thc hin t ng ha cc thit b khc nhau:
Trm kh nn p lc cao v p lc thp , trm bm tho kh , trm cu ha,
thit b ng ng tiu thot nc, h thng thng gi.
lm vic m bo tin cy.
Mc t ng ha cao,c thu thp thng tin v trng thi ca thit b.
Pht tn hiu v bo ng s c n cc t iu khin ti ch v truyn tn hiu
s c n trung tm iu hnh.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 15
1.2.4.4. Tn hiu trung tm

H thng bo tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu nh sng . Tn hiu m thanh
bo s c bo ng bng ci v chung t ti phng iu khin trung tm v
gian my, cc t iu khin ca khi t my cao trnh 9,98m. Ngt tn hiu
m thanh c th thc hin bng tay hay t ng c mc duy tr thi gian.
S bo tn hiu bao gm cc thnh phn:
Cc my pht in v my bin p khi.
Cc my bin p t dng 13,8/6,3kV.
Thit b phn phi ngoi tri 220kV-110kV v t ng chng s c.
Cc thit b ton Cng ty.
1.2.4.5. Bo v rle ca cc thit b in chnh
Bo v cc thit b in chnh trong Cng ty.
My pht in.
My bin p chnh tng p 13,8/220kV.
on ni my bin p vi thanh ci 220kV.
H thng thanh ci 220kV.
Cc tuyn ng dy 220kV.
My bin p t ngu 220/110/6,3kV.
H thng thanh ci 110kV.
Cc tuyn ng dy 110kV.
My bin p t dng 13,8/6,3kV
Cc ph ti my bin p 6,3/ 04kV.
Ngun t dng 0,4kV.
Cc khi bo v my ct tuyn ng dy, my ct phn on, my ct vng
ca trm 220kV v 110 kV cng nh l 9T mi a vo c thay th bng
rle bo v k thut s .Cn li cc rle bo v cho thit b khc c dng rle
in t.
1.2.4.6. Bo v chng st v ni t cho nh my
1.2.4.6.1. Chng st:
Bo v chng st qu in p lan truyn bng cc chng st van.
Cc chng st van c t u vo v u ra ca my bin p chnh, t ngu,
thanh ci ..v.v.
Bao gm cc chng st van v v tr lp t nh sau:
Chng st van 13,8kV c t pha cun h ca my bin p chnh
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 16
chng qu p cho cc thit b nh my pht , my bin p t dng 13,8kV,

my bin p TE v cc thit b TV,TI ni trn mng 13,8kV.
Chng st van 220kV c t pha cun cao ca my bin p chnh
chng qu p cho my bin chnh.
Chng st van 220kV,110kV c t trn 2 thanh ci TC1 v TC2
chng qu p cho cc thit b TU, TI ni trn thanh ci.
Chng st van 220kV,110kV c t pha cun cao v cun h ca my
bin p t ngu 8T v 9T chng qu p cho my bin p.
Ngoi ra cn c cc chng st van 6kV c t u vo v trn cc phn on.
Bo v st nh trc tip bng cc kim v dy thu st.
Cc kim v dy thu st c t trn cc ct , x thanh ci v cc cng vo
ca cc tuyn ng dy,ct chiu sng sn c ca trm phn phi.
1.2.4.6.2. Ni t:
c thc hin ni t t nhin v ni t nhn to:
Cc h thng ni t ca ton Cng ty v trm bin p khng vt qu 0,5.
1.3.
QUY TRNH SN XUT IN NNG

Cng ty thy in Tr An l nh my pht in vi ngun nguyn liu
chnh l nc, cng sut cung cp cho ngun in quc gia l 400 MW. Ngoi
ra cng ty cn c th hot ng ch b ng b, c kh nng nhn cng
sut phn khng t li v vi gi tr ti a l 43 Mvar/my. Lc ny my pht
hot ng ch ng c ng b tiu th cng sut t li l 2 MW. My
pht cng c th pht cng sut phn khng ln li ti a l 80 Mvar/my ty
theo c tnh lm vic ca my pht. Ch hot ng ca Cng ty tun th
theo lnh ca Trung tm iu h thng in min Nam v trung tm iu
quc gia.
Quy trnh sn xut in nng ca Cng ty c thc hin nh sau:
Nc c d tr ti h chnh v dn ti h ph thng qua mt on knh o,
h ph ng vai tr knh dn.
Cui h ph l cc ca nhn nc a nc t h ph vo ng ng p
lc. Cc ca nhn nc c ng m bng cc ca van phng.Cc ca van
ny nng h c nh vo b nng thy lc. Ngoi ra trnh rc ni v c rc
chm Cng ty cn trang b thm li chn rc .
T ca nhn nc c 4 ng ng dn nc vo turbine to thnh mt kt
cu thng nht. on u ng ng c nghing nh, on sau nghing
tng t ngt lm tng p lc nc lm quay cnh turbine dn n lm quay cc
phn quay ca h thng t my.
T my thy in bao gm phn lin kt turbine vi my pht c cng h
thng cc phn quay, cng trc ng v cc gi .
Nhim v ca Cng ty thy in l chuyn thy nng thnh in nng.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 17
Cc thit b ch yu phc v cho quy trnh sn xut in nng:

Cc thit b thy lc chnh:
Turbine v h thng iu tc, my pht v h thng kch t.
Cc thit b thy lc ph:
Cc h thng m bo s lm vic ca cc t my thy in v cc thit
b nng lng khc: cp nc k thut, kho du, trm cha kh nn v cc h
thng khc.
Cc thit b c kh:
Ca nhn nc v b nng thy lc, li chn rc, cc b phn lp t
ca chng v cc my khc.
Cc thit b in:
Cc my bin th, thit b chuyn mch nh my ct, dao cch ly,cc h
thng bo v, t ng, iu khin, thng tin lin lc
in nng ta thu c ti u cc my pht vi in p 13,8 kV, qua thit
b chuyn mch n my bin th tng p ln 220 kV v c truyn ti trm
phn phi ngoi tri. Ti y in nng ny s c ha vo li in quc
gia,truyn ti ti cc h tiu dng v sn xut thng qua cc tuyn ng dy:
ng dy 220 kV:
Tr An - Long Bnh (271)
Tr An - Bnh Ha 1 (273)
Tr An - Bnh Ha 2 (272).
ng dy 110 kV:
Tr An - Ph Gio (171)
Tr An - Thnh Ph (173)
Tr An - nh Qun (176)
Tr An - Tn Ha (172).
Ngoi ra cung cp cho ph ti a phng thng qua 2 ng dy 6 kV
n trm 6/15 kV Hiu Lim (trm 15KV).
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 18
CHNG 2
H THNG KCH T
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 19
2.1.
GII THIU CHUNG

H thng kch t Tr An l h thng kch t t kch song song , ngun
kch t ban u ly t t dng t my v ngun mt chiu t h thng accu ca
Cng ty Tr an, h thng kch t to ra dng in mt chiu iu chnh c
kch thch my in ng b, to ra dng mt chiu m iu chnh c
ngi ta dng hai b cu chnh lu ba pha thyristor lm vic song song, s
ng lc h thng kch t Tr An nh hnh 2-1.
Cung cp hai b chnh lu thyristor t bin p TE ni vo u cc stator
ca my pht c kch thch. to xung kch cho thyristor nh cc b to
xung AV-1 v AV-2, thc hin qu trnh iu chnh nh b iu chnh t ng
AVM , b iu chnh d phng bng tay AVN v s r le. Bo v cho cc
b chnh lu v rotor khi qu in p nh b phng in FV tc ng nhiu
ln. Dp t my pht trong ch s c dng my ct dp t QAE.
Khi b iu chnh AVM h hng s chuyn t ng h thng iu chnh
kch thch sang b d phng AVN v gi nguyn ch kch thch xc lp
trc . S nht th v s iu khin c thc hin sao cho khi cn
thit c th a mt b chnh lu thyristor ra sa cha m khng cn phi ct
h thng kch thch.
2.2.
THNG S K THUT CA H THNG KCH T
STT
1
2
3
NH MC
400
1600
640
THNG S
in p nh mc (v)
Dng in nh mc (A)
Cng sut nh mc (kW)
in p kch thch gii hn (v)
Dng in kch thch gii hn (A)
2910
Gi tr kch thch theo in p, n v tng i

khi in p cung cp nh mc
khi 80% in p cung cp nh mc
2.5
2.0
Gi tr nh theo dng kch thch, n v tng i
8
9
Cng sut cng hnh(kW)

Thi gian cng hnh kch thch(s)
10
S tc ng nhanh khi cng hnh kch thch(s)
11
Tn s in p cung cp (Hz)
S thay i cho php ca tn s in p cung cp
lu di (Hz)
ngn hn khng ln hn 50s(Hz)
in p cung cp t dng tn s 50Hz
12
13
910
2
2650
50
0.05
50
+2 ; - 3
+40 ; -10
380 V
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 20
14
15
16
17
20
21
22
23
24
2.3.
thay i cho php ca in p t dng 50 Hz(%)

lu di.
Ngn hn khong 1s.
Ngn hn khong 50s
in p t dng mt chiu(v)
thay i cho php ca in p cung cp t dng t
ngun mt chiu %
Cng sut tiu th t dng khi in p nh mc (kW)
T li 380V, 50Hz:
ch chnh lu thyristor khng ti.
ch chnh lu thyristor c ti.
Ngn hn trong khong thi gian 15s khi kch thch ban
u.
T h thng DC 220V:
Lu di.
Ngn hn khi cng hnh kch thch.
Ngn hn khi mt cng hnh kch thch
Phm vi thay i gc iu chnh ( in)
Hiu sut ( gi tr tnh ton) %
n (dB)
+10 ; -20
+ 45
+15
220
+10; -15
0.66
0.42
10
0.1
0.42
0.66
1 - 150
97
80
t nhin
T 1 - 450C
25
Kiu lm mt
Nhit bnh thng ca mi trng
Cng sut tiu th ca AVM (VA)
26
Cng sut tiu th ca AVN (VA)
27
Cng sut tiu th ca bin dng o lng (VA)
CC CH LM VIC CA H THNG KCH T

Khi ng, kch thch ban u v ng vo li bng phng
php ha chnh xc ( t ng hoc bng tay ) trong ch lm vic bnh
thng ca li v bng phng php ha t ng b trong ch s c.
Ch khng ti v hot ng ca my pht trong li vi ph
ti t khng ti n ti nh mc, lm vic theo gii hn ca biu cng
sut my pht cng nh khi qu ti theo ng tiu chun (OCT).
-
Dng t my trong ch bnh thng v s c.
Ch qu s c nh ngn mch, qu ti v ct ti.
Ch lm vic v cc thng s ca h thng kch thch my pht

y khi cc nhnh lm vic song song v khi h hng mt mch trong
nhnh cng tn bt k ca cc b chnh lu khi chng lm vic.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 21
Cng hnh kch thch theo mt bi s cho trc v ct kch t

khi h hng trong li.
Ct kch t v dp t khi dng bnh thng my pht bng cch
chuyn b chnh lu sang ch nghch lu.
-
Dp t trong ch s c bng my ct dp t.
Dng kch thch khi my pht lm vic vi ti nh mc v h s

cos = 1 trong trng hp h hng hai mch song song nhnh cng tn bt
k ca cc b chnh lu c ni song song hoc l trong trng hp ct
mt b chnh lu v b chnh lu cn li cn y cc mch song song.
Lc ny phi t ng cm ch cng hnh.
iu chnh dng kch thch theo lch v o hm in p,
lch v o hm tn s, o hm dng kch thch.
Thay i tri s t in p my pht trong gii hn t 80% n
110 %gi tr nh mc.
Hn ch dng kch t hai ln nh mc v ng thi hn ch
qu ti dng kch thch theo c tnh thi gian ph thuc.
Hn ch dng kch thch cc tiu theo tr s t ph thuc vo tr
s cng sut thc trong ch tiu th cng sut khng t li.
khng.
2.4.
C IM CHNH
-
2.5.
Hot ng ca my pht trong ch iu chnh nhm cng sut
Thc hin theo s t kch song song c bin p chnh lu.

B chnh lu theo s cu 3 pha, gm hai b bin i i dng
thyristor
Thyristor lm mt t nhin
B iu chnh t ng AVM dng iu khin bn dn hot ng iu
chnh chnh, c khi d phng AVN m bo iu chnh in p khi ct b
iu khin chnh
Kch t ban u bng h thng mt chiu (accu) hoc xoay chiu t
t dng ca Cng ty.
B iu chnh tc ng nhanh.
C TNH
Gn nh, n gin, kinh t, tin cy vn hnh cao
2.6.
IU KHIN KCH T
Nguyn l h thng kch thch: S mch lc kch t (hnh 2-1)
H thng kch thch thc hin theo s t kch thch song song kiu mt
nhm, c hai b chnh lu ni song song. Cung cp cho cc b chnh lu
thyristor V1 v V2 t bin p chnh lu TE ni t u ra ca my pht c
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 22
kch thch. ng ct b chnh lu V1 v V2 pha xoay chiu v mt chiu nh

cc cu dao tng ng QS1, QS3 v QS2, QS4. Kch thch ban u cho my
pht nh thit b kch thch ban u YHB c cung cp t t dng xoay chiu
380V ca nh my hoc t acquy.
iu khin t ng v bng tay, bo v, tn hiu c thc hin nh b t ng
iu chnh kch thch AVM, b iu chnh d phng AVN v s rle.
H thng iu khin AV1 v AV2 c cp in t cc my bin p ring TL1
v TL2 v c m bo bng ngun d phng acquy.
Cp in cho AVM ly t my bin p TL1, TL2 v ngun d phng acquy.
Dp t trong ch s c nh ptmt dp t QAE.
B bo v chm t rotor theo sng xung vung tn s 1-3 Hz (64R).
Khi h hng AVM s chuyn t ng h thng iu chnh kch thch sang b
AVN v gi nguyn ch kch thch xc lp trc .
S mch lc kch t v s iu khin c thc hin sao cho khi cn
thit c th a mt b chnh lu thyristor ra sa cha m khng cn phi ct
h thng kch thch.
2.6.1.1. Qu trnh kch t ban u
S khi kch t ban u nh hnh 2-2
Qu trnh kch t ban u c thc hin khi tc Rotor nRotor 95%
nm, my ct 13,8 kV ang m, UMF < 50% Umv c lnh ng kch t t ng
hoc bng tay.
Khi ng kch t, rle KT1 s kim tra ngun t dng AC nh rle K23 (u
tin ngun AC), in t dng AC c chnh lu 3 pha khng iu khin a
vo cun dy Rotor; khi khng c ngun AC, rle K23 s tr v tc ng KM2
ng ngun DC t accu Cng ty vo Rotor thc hin kch t ban u vi
dng kch t ban u khong 55A. Khi r le K57 s tc ng ng ngun d
phng DC cho AV1, AV2, AVM v 2.
Khi in p my pht UMF 50%Um, rle KV2 tc ng lm KT1 tr v ct
qu trnh kch t ban u.
Trong 3s u tin ca qu trnh kch t ban u, nu UMF 115% UMFm th rle
KT2 s ct kch t ban u bo v qu p my pht.
Nu sau 10s m UMF <50% UMFm th r le KT1 s i ct kch t K15 v ct kch
t ban u khng thnh cng.
Khi UMF >82% UMFm, cc khi ngun d phng uc ct ra, b iu chnh
AVM lm vic xc lp in p Stator.
2.6.1.2. iu chnh tr s t in p.
Khi AVM lm vic, tr s t in p tham gia vo qu trnh iu chnh t
ng gi in p my pht n nh; AVM c nhim v so snh Uli (TV14)
v Umy pht (TV11) phc v cho vic ha t ng chnh xc t my vo li.
- Trong qu trnh ha ng b t my, vi b AVM kch t cho php thc hin
theo hai ch ha ng b t ng chnh xc hoc ch ha t ng b t
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 23
ng (hin khng s dng ), vi b AVN ch ha ng b bng tay.

2.6.1.2.1. Trong li
Ch khng ti v hot ng ca my pht trong li vi ph ti t 0
n nh mc, lm vic theo gii hn ca biu cng sut my pht, cng nh
khi qu ti theo tiu chun qui nh.
T my hot ng trong li vi b iu chnh AVM, kch t c th thc hin
c:
Ch kch thch cng hnh vi dng rotor 2400A khi in p gim
di 0,85Um v tr v khi in p tng n 0,98Um, ct kch thch khi h
hng trong li.
Ct kch thch hoc dp t khi dng bnh thng hoc s c.
Hn ch dng rotor ty cc trng hp h hng khc nhau ca h thng kch t
bng cc ch :
- Gim IR n 0,97 IRm khi qu nhit rotor.
- Gim IR n khi cos= 1 (Q = 0 ).
- Ch OMB: hn ch dng kch thch cc tiu.
- Ch cm cng hnh.
Thc hin iu chnh kch t theo lch v o hm in p, lch v
o hm tn s, o hm dng kch thch.
Thay i t xa tr s t in p my pht trong gii hn t 80% n
110% Um.
Khi s dng b iu chnh d phng AVN, ch c kh nng thay i mc
hn ch dng rotor n IR = 0,75IRm ( trong cc ch cos = 1 ca b AVM )
ng thi b AVN ch thc hin iu chnh kch t theo lch U so vi in
p t.
2.6.1.2.2. Dng my
Khi dng bnh thng, rle K15 s tc ng i t gc dp t cho cc b bin
i V1 v V2 lm vic ch nghch lu gii phng nng lng Rotor ngc
v Stator.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 24
Cc ch lm vic khi h hng trong b bin i:

2.6.1.2.3. Ch cm cng hnh kch t:
Xy ra khi:
- H hng 1 b V1 hoc V2.
- t 2 cu ch trong 2 nhnh cng tn.
- Mt dn 1 nhnh ca V1 hoc V2
- R le K42 tc ng gim Q n khi khi OMB tc ng.
Khi r le K50 s tc ng n mch cm tng cng kch t trong AVM.
Ch gim kch thch n OMB tc ng: dng hn ch Q nhn t li v
theo tr s cho php. Khi my pht nhn Q qu tr s cho php, OMB tc ng
hn ch kch thch cc tiu, khng cho nhn Q na, lc ny my pht thiu kch
thch.
Gii tr r le K42 tc ng bng cch n nt SB2 (GCE5).
Trng hp ny xy ra khi:
- H hng 1 b bin i ng thi xy ra 1 trongcc trng hp sau y:
- t 1 cu ch trong b cn li.
- t 2 cu ch trong 2 nhnh cng tn ca b cn li.
- Mt dn trong 1 nhnh ca b cn li.
- Chy 3 cu ch trong 2 nhnh cng tn ca b cn li.
- Mt dn 2 nhnh cng tn ca 2 b V1 v V2.
Khi K42 tc ng s i gim kch t (K45 tc ng ), tr s t in p ca
AVM s c gim cho n khi b hn ch kch thch cc tiu OMB tc ng.
Lc ny kch t ang ch cm cng hnh (K50).
2.6.1.2.4. Ch cos = 1.
Ch ny a Q v 0, khng cho tng gim kch t. Khi tng gim bng kha
tc ng n r le K45, K46 nhng mch s t ko do r le K51.
Xy ra trong cc trng hp:
- H hng mt b V1 hoc V2.
- Chy hai cu ch trong 2 nhnh cng tn.
- Mt dn trong mt nhnh ca V1.
- Mt dn trong mt nhnh ca V2.
Khi ng rle K51 tc ng a lnh n b AVM, AVN gim gi tr t ca
AVM, AVN lm gim cng sut Q n 0.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 25
2.7.
BO V H THNG KCH T
2.8.
BO V MY BIN P KCH T
7SJ611(F32)
Rle 7SJ611 nhm 2 (-F32), 7SJ6115-5EB90-1FA0-L0S, v4.7.1

Group
No.
0214
0209
0276
0201
0280
0251A
0235A
0250A
Group
No.
0204
0205
0217
0218
Group
No.
0210A
0211A
0212
Power System Data 1; Group Power System

Settings
Value
Rated Frequency
50 Hz
Phase Sequence
L1 L2 L3
Unit of temperature measurement
Degree Celsius
CT Starpoint
towards Line
Holmgreen-conn. (for fast sum-iNO
monit.)
CT Connection
IL1, IL2, IL3, (IE)
Storage of th. Replicas w/o Power
NO
Supply
Time Overcurrent with 2 phase
OFF
prot.
Power System Data 1; Group CT's
Settings
Value
CT Rated Primary Current
2000 A
CT Rated Secondary Current
5A
IE-CT rated primary current
2000 A
IE-CT rated secondary current
5A
Power System Data 1; Group Breaker
Settings
Value
Minimum TRIP Command Duration
0.15 sec
Maximum Close Command Duration
1.00 sec
Closed Breaker Min. Current
0.20 A
Threshold
Group Power System Data 2; Group General

No.
Settings
Value
1102 Measurement: Full Scale Current
2000 A
(100%)
1107 Motor Start Current (BLK OVL, Start 12.50A
Mon.)
Group
No.
1201
1213A
1215A
DMT / IDMT Phase/Earth Overcurrent; Group General

Settings
Value
Phase Time Overcurrent
ON
Manual Close Mode
Inactive
Dropout Time Delay DMT Phase
0.00 sec
Group DMT / IDMT Phase/Earth Overcurrent; Group DMT Ph

No.
Settings
Value
1219A I>>> measurement of
Fundamental
component
1216A I>>> active
Always
1217 I>>> Pickup
6.00 A
1218 T I>>> Time Delay
0.5 sec
1220A I>> measurement of
Fundamental
component
1214A I>> active
Always
Group
All
All
All
All
A11
A11
All
All
Group
All
All
All
All
Group
All
All
All
Group
A
A
Group
A
A
A
Group
A
A
A
A
A
A
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 26
1202 I>> Pickup

1203 T I>> Time Delay
1221A I> measurement of
1204
1205
6.00 A
0.00 sec
Fundamental
component
3.30 A
12.00 sec
I> Pickup
T I> Time Delay
Group Thermal Overload; Group General

No.
Settings
4201 Thermal Overload protection
Group
No.
4202
4203
4204
4205
4207A
4208A
Value
ON
Thermal Overload; Group Therm Over Load

Settings
Value
K- Factor
0.66
Time Constant
1.0 min
Thermal Alarm Stage
90%
Current Overload Alarm Setpoint
3.30A
Kt-FACTOR when motor stops
1.0
Emergency time
100 sec
A
A
A
A
A
Group
A
Group
A
A
A
A
A
A
Group Measurement Supervision; Group General

No.
Settings
Value
8101 Measurement Supervision
ON
Group
A
Group
No.
8104
8105
Group
A
A
Measurement Supervision; Group MeasSupervision

Settings
Value
Current Balance Monitor
2.50 A
Balance Factor for Current Monitor
0.50
BO V MY BIN P KCH T
7SJ611 (F31)
2.9.
Rle 7SJ611 nhm 1 (-F31), 7SJ6115-5EB90-1FA0-L0S, v4.7.1
Group
No.
0214
0209
0276
0201
0280
Power System Data 1; Group Power System

Settings
Value
Group
Rated Frequency
50 Hz
All
Phase Sequence
L1 L2 L3
All
Unit of temperature measurement
Degree Celsius
All
CT Starpoint
towards Busbar
All
Holmgreen-conn. (for fast sum-iNO
A11
monit.)
0251A CT Connection
IL1, IL2, IL3, (IE) A11
0235A Storage of th. Replicas w/o Power
NO
All
Supply
0250A Time Overcurrent with 2 phase
OFF
All
prot.
Group
No.
0204
0205
0217
0218
Power System Data 1; Group CT's

Settings
CT Rated Primary Current
CT Rated Secondary Current
IE-CT rated primary current
IE-CT rated secondary current
Group Power System Data
Value
400 A
5A
400 A
5A
Group
All
All
All
All
1; Group Breaker
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 27
No.
0210A
0211A
0212
Settings
Minimum TRIP Command Duration
Maximum Close Command Duration
Closed Breaker Min. Current
Threshold
Value
0.15 sec
1.00 sec
0.20 A
Group
All
All
All
Group Power System Data 2; Group General

No.
Settings
Value
1102 Measurement: Full Scale Current
400 A
(100%)
Group
A
Group DMT / IDMT Phase/Earth Overcurrent; Group General

No.
Settings
Value
Group
1201 Phase Time Overcurrent

1213A Manual Close Mode
1215A Dropout Time Delay DMT Phase
A
A
A
ON
I>> instantaneously
0.00 sec
Group DMT / IDMT Phase/Earth Overcurrent; Group DMT Ph

No.
Settings
Value
1219A I>>> measurement of
Fundamental
component
1216A I>>> active
Always
1217 I>>> Pickup
Oo A
1218 T I>>> Time Delay
0.00 sec
1220A I>> measurement of
Fundamental
component
1214A I>> active
Always
1202 I>> Pickup
30.20 A
1203 T I>> Time Delay
0.00 sec
1221A I> measurement of
Fundamental
component
1204 I> Pickup
2.00 A
1205 T I> Time Delay
0.50 sec
Group
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Group Measurement Supervision; Group General

No.
Settings
Value
8101 Measurement Supervision
ON
Group
A
Group
No.
8104
8105
Group
A
A
2.9.1.
Measurement Supervision; Group MeasSupervision

Settings
Value
Current Balance Monitor
2.50 A
Balance Factor for Current Monitor
0.50
Bo v kch t
2.9.1.1. Bo v chng cng hnh kch t ko di 51E1:

2.9.1.1.1. Cu to:
Dng rle loi PT 40/10, k hiu KA3.
Ly tn hiu t bin dng TA1 (2000/5).
2.9.1.1.2. Nguyn nhn:
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 28
Do kch thch cng hnh ko di n thi gian tc ng.

2.9.1.1.3. Tr s tc ng:
It = 1700A
t1 = 60s
t2 = 65s
2.9.1.1.4. Hng tc ng:

Vi thi gian t1 = 60s, bo v gi tn hiu ti rle KT10 i ct AVM.
Ko di n t2 = 65s, bo v gi tn hiu n u ra K43, rle K43 c tip im
a n mch bo v d phng my pht cng tc ng:
Ct MC 13,8kV, khi ng YPOB 13,8kV.
Ct kch t.
Ct QAE
Dng s c t my
2.9.1.2. Bo v qu ti Rotor 51E2:
2.9.1.2.1. Cu to:
Dng rle loi PT 40/10, k hiu: KA2.
Ly tn hiu t bin dng TA1 (2000/5).
2.9.1.2.2. Nguyn nhn:
Do h hng b gii hn cng hnh kch t ca b iu chnh AVM.
Do ngn mch pha h p my bin p kch t hoc pha dng 1 chiu.
2.9.1.2.3. Tr s tc ng:
It = 2252A
t1 = 0s
t2 = 1s.
2.9.1.2.4. Hng tc ng:
Vi thi gian t1 = 0s tip im tc thi ca KT4, a tn hiu i ct b AVM.
Ko di thi gian n 1s, bo v gi tn hiu u ra K43, rle K43 c
tip im a n mch bo v d phng my pht cng tc ng:
Ct kch t.
Ct QAE
Dng s c t my
2.9.2. Bo v chm t rotor theo sng xung vung tn s 1-3 Hz (64R) :
2.9.2.1.1. Cu to:
- Loi:
7UM6225-5EB91-0CG0-LOS v4.6
(Siemens)
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 29
- Chc nng:
Bo v chm t rotor (64R,1-3 Hz).
- Thit b pht xung vung tn s thp: 7XT71 (c cp bng ngun 1 chiu
220 VDC).
- B chia in p 7XR6004
2.9.2.1.2. Nguyn l:
y l bo v mi c a vo v thay cho ton b bn t my hin
ang vn hnh n nh .
Bo v chm t Rotor mi c a vo lm vic vi in p xung vung trc
tip (Ug) xp x 50V, c tn s thay i cc tnh i xng t 1 4 ln/giy, ph
thuc vo chnh nh. in p Ug c to ra t thit b 7XT71, qua b in tr
7XR6004 (hoc 7XR6003) v cp trc tip ti mch kch t ca rotor my pht,
v ng thi c ni ti mch chi than - t (earthing brush in p so vi
t) qua mt in khng nh RM. Hai in p iu khin Ucon v in p o pha
t qua in khng UMeas c cp ti rle 7UM622 thng qua hai b tranducer
TD1 & TD2, c dng so snh pht hin im chm t. in p iu
khin Ucon t l vi in p xung vung trc tip Ug c v ln (50V) v tn s.
Dng in np pha t (Ig) t b pht xung 7XT71 chy vo rotor qua mch
rotor t, tng ng vi in p o phat UMeas.Hnh 2-3-2
Ti mi thi im khi cc tnh ca in p xung vung trc tip Ug i, dng
in np Ig c chy qua b in tr (7XR6004) ti mch dung t ca h
thng kch t my pht. Dng in Ig ny l nguyn nhn sinh ra in p o pha
t UMeas. Ngay khi thnh phn dung dn gia rotor v t thay i (ngha l
xut hin vic rotor chm t), dng in np Ig gim xung, vi ln ph
thuc vo in tr chm t (c th ti 0 ) (hnh 2-3-1)
Vic s dng sng xung vung tn s thp lm gim nh hng ca thnh
phn dung dn trong mch rotor v ngn nga cc tn hiu nhiu t cc thit b
khc vo h thng kch t.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 30
Hnh 2-3-2: Hnh dng ca in p xung vung Ug v dng in Ig, UMeas trong cc
trng hp vn hnh bnh thng (RE=) v s c RE=5k)
- Khong chnh nh:

6101 Rotor Earth Fault Protection
(1-3Hz)
ON
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 31
OFF
Block relay
6102 Pickup Value of Warning Stage Re<
5.0..80.0
kOhm
6103 Pickup Value of Tripping Stage Re<<
1.0 .. 10.0
kOhm
6104 Time Delay of Warning Stage Re<
0.00
..
60.00 sec;
6105 Time Delay of Tripping Stage Re<<
0.00
..
60.00 sec;
6106 Pickup Value of open Rotor Circuit (Qc)0.00 .. 1.00
mAs
6107A Testing Resistor
1.0 .. 10.0
kOhm
- Gi tr chnh nh:
6101 Rotor Earth Fault Protection (1-3Hz)
ON
6102 Pickup Value of Warning Stage Re<
40.0 kOhm
6103 Pickup Value of Tripping Stage Re<<
5.0 kOhm
6104 Time Delay of Warning Stage Re<
30.00 sec
6105 Time Delay of Tripping Stage Re<<
10.00 sec
6106 Pickup Value of open Rotor Circuit (Qc)0.02 mAs
6107A Testing Resistor
3.3 kOhm
- Lu : Gi tr chnh nh ca gim st mch o (6106 Qc) c o trong qu trnh th
nghim v gi tr chnh nh c ly bng mt na gi tr o. Nu s dng thit b in
tr khc vi b 7XR6004 (3.3 k) th gi tr in tr ca thit b cn c t trong
a ch 6107A TEST RESISTOR.
2.9.2.1.3. Nguyn nhn:
Do chm t trong mch kch t (bao gm tt c cc thit b t cun th cp ca
My bin p TE nh: on dy dn, thanh dn dng, cc SCR, cun kch thch,
cc in tr, t in ca mch RC, ng h o lng, RCC...)
Do h hng cch in cun dy kch thch, c gp, thanh dn dng, RCC...
2.9.2.1.4. Tr s tc ng:
Zt = 40k - Bo tn hiu -64R1
t = 30s
Zt = 5k - i ct HTKT-64R2
t = 10s
2.9.2.1.5. Hng tc ng:
Bo v a tn hiu i tc ng:
Ct QAE
ng KM1
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 32
Ct kch t
T my chy khng ti khng kch t.

2.9.2.2. Bo v mt kch t v khng ng b _ 37E:
2.9.2.2.1. Cu to:
Pha h p dng rle PT/40P, k hiu KA1. Ly tn hiu t bin dng TA1
(2000/5)
Pha 13,8kV dng rle PT/40P, k hiu KA5. Ly tn hiu t bin dng
TA3(8000/5) u ra my pht.
2.9.2.2.2. Nguyn l:
Pha h p, dng kch thch t nhin gim xung 0 hay 0, cn pha 13,8kV,
dng stator t ngt tng ln, in p my pht gim thp, dng v p u dao
ng.
2.9.2.2.3. Nguyn nhn:
Do h mch dng kch thch, t cun kch thch.
Do b ngn mch c gp dng in kch t dn n chy cc cu ch c 2 b
bin i.
2.9.2.2.4. Tr s tc ng:
IR = 108A
Is = 6640A,
t = 0,15s.
2.9.2.2.5. Hng tc ng:
Rle K25 sau 0,15s gi tn hiu n rle u ra K43, rle K43 c tip im a
n mch bo v d phng my pht cng tc ng:
Ct kch t.
Ct QAE
Dng s c t my
2.9.2.3. Bo v qu p my pht khi khng ti _ 59E:
2.9.2.3.1. Cu to:
Dng rle loi PH53/200, K hiu rle KV1.
Ly tn hiu t cun Y bin in p TV12
2.9.2.3.2. Nguyn l:
Bo v my pht khi bt u khi ng n qu trnh ha li, trong khi my
ct 13,8 kV m m in p u cc my pht tng cao n tr s tc ng.
( thng do h hng AVM)
2.9.2.3.3. Tr s tc ng:
Ut = 15,87kV(115%)
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 33
t = 0s
2.9.2.3.4. Hng tc ng:
Bo v gi n rle trung gian K20, K21 i ct AVM, ct kch t.
2.9.2.4. Bo v tn s gim thp khi my pht ngoi li _81E:
2.9.2.4.1. Cu to:
S dng rle tn s P 1 Y, k hiu KF.
Ly tn hiu t bin in p TV12 .
2.9.2.4.2. Nguyn l:
Khi khi ng my pht n trc lc ha li, kch t ng, my ct
13,8kV cha ng (K14) m tn s gim thp n tr s tc ng.
2.9.2.4.3. Tr s tc ng:
ft = 46Hz
ftv = 46,02Hz
tt = 0,3s
2.9.2.4.4. Hng tc ng:
Bo v gi tn hiu qua rle trung gian K22 a n rle u ra K43, rle
K43 c tip im a n mch bo v d phng my pht cng tc ng:
Ct kch t.
Ct QAE
Dng s c t my
2.9.2.5. Bo v khi c h hng ng thi hai b V1 v V2: Hnh 2-3-3
Khi c h hng ng thi trong hai b V1 v V2, bo v gi tn hiu qua
rle trung gian K29 v K30 khp mch gi n rle u ra K43, rle K43 c
tip im a n mch bo v d phng my pht cng tc dng:
Ct kch t.
Ct QAE
Dng s c t my
Cc s c a n ct h thng kch t:
1.
S c chy my pht.
2.
T bo v my pht phn stator.
3.
Bo v chm t mt im mch ng lc h
thng kch t, tr s tc ng 5k v sau 10s.
4.
Bo v in p tng cao 1,15Um khi khng ti.
5.
Bo v tn s gim thp 46Hz khi khng ti.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 34
6.
T bo v my bin p kch t TE.
7.
Qu trnh ng kch t m dng nh hn 0,2 I Rm
th sau 4s i ct kch t.
8.
xung.
Khi h hng hai b chnh lu hoc hai b to
9.
Mt kch t, dn n my pht mt ng b khi
dng Istator ln hn 1,35ISm.
10.
n ct kch t.
Bo v khi dng cng hnh 2IRm v sau 65s dn
11.
Bo v khi h hng b hn ch 2IRm trong AVM,
khi dng kch t ln hn 2IRm th sau 1,5s i ct kch t.
Ngoi ra cn c cc bo v ch bo tn hiu m khng i ct kch t nh qu ti
rotor 1,1IRm, bo v b hn ch dng kch t cc tiu trong AVM, b phng
in bo v qu p rotor, h hng AVM, v cc bo v s mt dn ca thyristor
vv..
2.9.3. Bo v mt kch thch (40)
Bo v mt kch thch chng ch mt kch thch hoc kch thch thp gy qu
nhit cc b trn roto trong trng hp lm vic sai ca h thng kch thch.
Bo v dng in p u cc, dng in my pht v in p kch thch pht hin ch
kch thch thp trn biu in dn G/B (hnh 2-3-3: c tnh P-Q).
- My bin in p
in p nht th
13.8/3 kV
in p nh th
100/3 V
- My bin dng in
8000/5 A
- B chia in p 3PP1326:
500/10000 (1:20)
- c tnh r le:
- Loi:
7UM6225-5EB91-0CG0-LOS v4.6
(Siemens)
- Chc nng:
Kch thch thp (40)
- Khong chnh nh:
3001 Underexcitation Protection
ON/OFF
3011 T-Short Time Delay
(Char. &0.0..60.0 s
Uexc<
3012 State
of
Excitation
Volt.ON/OFF
Supervision
3013 Excitation
Voltage
Superv.0.50..8.50 V
Pickup
3014AUndervoltage blocking Pickup
10.0..125.0
V
3002 Susceptance
Intersect0.25..3.00
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 35
Characteristic
3003 Inclination
Characteristic
3004 Characteristic
3005 Susceptance
Characteristic
3006 Inclination
Characteristic
3007 Characteristic
3008 Susceptance
Characteristic
3009 Inclination
Characteristic
3010 Characteristic
1
Angle
1
1 Time Delay
of50..120O
0.00..60.00
s
Intersect0.25..3.00
2
Angle
2
2 Time Delay
of50..120O
0.00..60.00
s
Intersect0.25..3.00
3
Angle
3
3 Time Delay
of50..120O
0.00..60.00
s
- Chnh nh:
- im ct ca c tnh 1:
1/xd CHAR.1 = 1.05 1/Xd,sec
= 1.05 1/XdIN/UNUN,VT/IN,CT
= 1.05 x 1/0.87 4920/13.8 13.8/8000
= 0.75
- im ct ca c tnh 2 l gi tr gii hn kch t ti thiu khi cng sut pht
hu cng nh.
1/xd CHAR.2 = 0.9 1/xd CHAR.1
= 0.67
- c tnh 3 th hin gii hn n nh ca my pht. im ct ca c tnh ny
trong khong in khng dc trc ng b Xd v in khng dc trc qu
.
1/Xd,sec = 1/0.27 4920/13.8 13.8/8000

= 2.28
nghing ca cc c tnh 1,2,3 c m t vi cc gc 1, 2, 3 (theo
c tnh PQ). Thng thng 60O 1 90O; 1= 90O; 80O 1 110O.
Thi gian tc ng ca cc bo v kch thch thp cn m bo h

thng kch thch kp tc ng.
Gi tr chnh nh:
3001 Underexcitation Protection

ON
3011 T-Short Time Delay
(Char. &1.50 sec
Uexc<
3012 State
of
Excitation
Volt.OFF
Supervision
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 36
3013 Excitation
Voltage
Superv.2.00 V
Pickup
3014AUndervoltage blocking Pickup
25.0 V
3002 Susceptance
Intersect0.75
Characteristic 1
3003 Inclination
Angle
of80
Characteristic 1
3004 Characteristic 1 Time Delay
10.00 sec
3005 Susceptance
Intersect0.67
Characteristic 2
3006 Inclination
Angle
of90
Characteristic 2
5.00 sec
3008 Susceptance
Intersect2.28
Characteristic 3
3009 Inclination
Angle
of90
Characteristic 3
0.50 sec
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 37
Phc trnh tp s_______________________________
CHNG 3
S MCH LC
CHNG 3
S MCH LC
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 38
Cc
thit b chnh v ngun cung cp nh hnh 2-1.
-
L cun dy rotor c in tr mt chiu 0,196 ( nhit 150C).
My bin p TE l my bin p chnh lu.

Bin p ba pha.
S ni dy Y/.
Cng sut nh mc 2000 kVA.
T s bin 13,8/ 0,786 kV.
B Rcc l in tr ng b c gi tr in tr l 3. c dng
trong qu trnh ha t ng b my pht, ni tt cun dy rotor trong trng
hp dp t khi s c cng nh trong trng hp qu in p cun dy rotor
m b bo v qu p lm vic.
Bin dng TA1 l bin dng in t s 2000/5, cung cp tn hiu
dng rotor trong cc ch lm vic.
Cng tc t KM1, dng ni cun dy rotor vi Rcc khi s c
v khi bo v qu p rotor lm vic.
My ct dp t mt chiu QAE, dng dp t trng trong
trng hp ct kch t s c.
B phng in FV dng thyristor, bo v qu in p cun dy
rotor ng thi bo v cc thit b trong mch lc mt chiu, tr s lm vic
l 1800V.
QS1, QS2, QS3, QS4 l cc cu dao xoay chiu ba pha v cu dao
mt chiu, dng trong khi sa cha nh k hoc khi sa cha s c tch
mt b chnh lu thyristor ra khi h thng kch t.
TL1 v TL2 bin th ngun xoay chiu ba pha, t s bin 786/380
(V), cung cp ngun cho b to xung, b iu chnh kch t d phng
AVN, v b iu chnh kch t chnh AVM khi my pht ang lmvic.
T1 v T2 l b chnh thyristor theo s cu ba pha, trong
mi nhnh gm c ba con thyristor mc song song, thyris tor loi T353-8002800, cc thyristor c bo v qu dng bng cu ch, v mch chng bin
thin in p l in tr mc ni tip vi t in v song song thyristor khi
c thay i nhanh in p t trn thyristor. Hai b chnh c th lm vic
song song, hoc tng b ring bit trong trng hp mt b b s c m
phi tch ra sa cha.
RC l b lc ngun xoay chiu dng in tr v t in, nhm lc
cc xung in bo v u vo cc b chnh lu.
B YBH thit b ngun kch t ban u cho my pht, dng kch
t ban u khong 55A, c la chn gia ngun xoay chiu t t dng t
my hoc t h thng ngun accu nh my, h thng kch t ban u c
ct ra khi in p my pht t khong 50%Um.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 39
Cc khi AV1 v AV2 b to xung kch cho b chnh lu

thyristor trong cc ch lm vic ca b chnh lu.
AVM v AVN b iu chnh t ng chnh v d phng, dng
iu chnh in p v cng sut t my, nhn cc tn hiu iu khin l
in p my pht, dng stator, dng rotor v tn s my pht, to ra in
p mt chiu thch hp a n b to xung.
TA3 bin dng in t s bin 8000/5A, a tn hiu dng stator
vo b iu chnh kch thch.
(64R) :
Bo v chm t rotor theo sng xung vung tn s 1-3 Hz
+ Loi:
7UM6225-5EB91-0CG0-LOS v4.6
(Siemens)
+ Chc nng:
Bo v chm t rotor (64R,1-3 Hz).
+ Thit b pht xung vung tn s thp:
7XT71 (c cp bng ngun 1 chiu 220 VDC).
+ B chia in p 7XR6004
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 40
CHNG 4
B TO XUNG KCH
THYRISTOR AV
AV to ra xung kch thyristor v thay i gc kch trong mi pha theo

in p iu khin u vo n. AV c hai u vo iu khin c tng tr vo
(2000 100). in p iu khin a vo AV t AVM hoc AVN (mch 500, 42-0). (Hnh 2)
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 41
AV gm c 6 knh iu khin nh nhau c chung ngun cung cp v

chung ngun in p ng b. Mi mt knh gm cc mch dch pha, to xung,
khuch i v lng xung iu khin.
- Mch dch pha thc hin theo nguyn l dc trc, nh s so snh, trong
phm vi nht nh, in p xoay chiu ng b hnh sin vi in p iu
khin v ghi nhn thi im cn bng cc in p ny.
- Mch to di xung s iu khin s hot ng ca khi khuch i
cui ca knh tng ng. Chiu di xung iu khin, kch thyristor, xc
nh bi mch to di xung v thi im a vo lm vic ca knh
iu khin pha k tip. Mch khuch i cui cung cp in p xung ch
nht tn s cao(khong 20Khz) cho bin p xung trong khi T.
Trong mi knh iu khin cc bin p xung ni song song vi
nhau, c s lng bng s cc thyristor trong mt nhnh ca b chnh
lu. Trong cc bin p xung in p tn s cao c bin p, chnh lu
v cung cp n cc khin thyristor.
Trong ch bnh thng AV c cp in t ngun xoay chiu.
Trong ch khi ng my pht v khi gim in p xoay chiu cn
80% gi tr nh mc th s t ng chuyn sang ngun mt chiu, dng
accu ca Cng ty.
B to xung kch Thyristor gm cc khi:
- Khi ngun cung cp chnh
- Khi lc.
- Khi ngun iu khin.
- Khi ngun cung cp d phng.
- Khi to in p ng b.
- Khi to xung iu khin.
- Khi khuych i v lng xung.
4.1.
KHI NGUN CUNG CP CHNH - .

Khi ny nhn ngun t my bin p TL, chnh lu v lc, to ra ngun
mt chiu cung cp cho cc khi trong b to xung nh khi iu khin hay
khi khuych i cui .
v T.
Ngun 65V 10% cung cp cho cc khi
P v khi Y.
Ngun 12V 10% cung cp cho cc khi
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 42
4.2.
KHI LC -
Nhim v ca khi ny l lc ngun xoay chiu, to ra in p sin chun
qu trnh to xung c chnh xc v ng u gia cc nhnh. Khi lc
bao gm bin p gim p v b lc RLC, gim in p t 380V v lc ra in
p sin 3x150V 5V a n khi in p ng b CH.
4.3.
KHI NGUN IU KHIN - Y.

Khi Y nhn ngun 65V t khi ngun chnh , dao ng, chnh lu,
lc v n p to ra cc ngun n nh cung cp cho mch iu khin.
Ngun in p 15V cung cp cho cc vi mch IC.
Ngun in p 24V cung cp cho cc rle trong mch iu khin.
ng thi to xung ch nht tn s cao khong 20KHz cung cp cho khi
ngun d phng P duy tr s lm vic ca P.
4.4.
KHI NGUN CUNG CP D PHNG - P.

Khi P cung cp ngun ban u cho AV khi khi ng, khi dng t
my cng nh khi s c.
u vo khi P nhn ngun t 220V t h thng in mt chiu ca Cng
ty to ra in p khong 50V a vo mch 85 l mch cung cp chung cho
khi khuch i cui BY-2.
thc hin qu trnh ny khi ngun d phng P nhn cc lnh khi ng
t cc rle K57 v K27, ng thi nhn ngun 12V t khi ngun chnh
xc nh c hay khng c mc ca in p xoay chiu.
Khi khi ngun chnh b s c hoc khi in p ngun ca khi ngun chnh
gim ti 0,8Um th khi ngun d phng s nhy vo lm vic.
Lu : Khi ngun d phng P ch lm vic trong thi gian ngn t 5 10s.

4.5.
KHI TO IN P NG B - CH .
To ra cc pha iu khin, gim p v to ra cc in p chun nh sau:
- Xc nh pha cc tiu ca xung iu khin ( 147- 647 ).
- Xc nh pha cc i ca xung iu khin ( 149- 649 ).
- Xc nh pha lm vic ca xung iu khin (145- 645 ).
- Khi ny to pha iu khin cho su knh, s ly tng hnh hc cc in
p lin tip nhau kt qu l:
- Pha iu khin cc tiu l 0o.
- Pha iu khin cc i l 150o.
- Pha iu khin lm vic ban u l 90o.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 43
4.6.
KHI TO XUNG IU KHIN - Y-2

To ra xung iu khin c gc kch thch hp cc ch , ty theo lnh
iu t khi iu chnh AVM hoc AVN.
Khi ny gm c thit b dch pha HC v b to di xung gm 6 ngn Y
Lnh iu khin khi Y-2 c a n t AVM (U50) hoc AVN (U42), ng
b vi cc in p chun, to ra xung iu khin thch hp cc ch lm
vic ca h thng (ch lm vic bnh thng, dp t v cng hnh).
in p a n khi Y-2 t bin dng roto TP t l vi dng roto, thc
hin qa trnh thu ngn xung, t 1350 in ban u cn khong 180 in, khi
dng roto t khong (0,50,7) IPH, gim bt cng sut lm vic ca b
khuch i cui.
HC to phn cc ban u cho Y-2, tr s c th hiu chnh c.
Ngoi ra trong khi Y-2 cn c cc rle thc hin cc lnh dp t v xa
xung a t bn ngoi vo.
4.7.
KHI KHUYCH I V LNG XUNG - BY-2

Khi BY-2 thc hin vic hn ch chiu di xung iu khin, bin i
xung iu khin thnh mt di xung tn s cao v khuch i xung ny a n
khi T.
Trong khi BY-2 c ngn O, gm b pht xung tn s cao khong 40KHz,
mch logic thc hin vic cho php mt knh dn v kha cc knh khc, m
bo cho qu trnh chuyn mch ca b chnh lu.
Cng trong khi ny c 6 knh BY l tng cng sut, tng ng vi 6 knh ca
b chnh lu. u ra ca cc ngn ny chnh l u ra ca khi pht xung. Xung
ra c bin chng 60V v xung lng tn s 40KHz. Cc xung ny c a
n cc khi T.
4.8.
PHNG PHP HIU CHNH KHI - Y-2

1-o di xung iu khin cc u ra cc tm Y (XS81-XS0)/Y-2 di
khong 135o in
2- o cc gc iu chnh
O Gc lm vic ban u (90oin)
- Gc cng hnh (0oin)
O- Gc dp t khi khng c tn hiu thin p (150o in)
P - Gc lm vic khi c thin p, c tmHC (81oin)
P- Gc dp t khi c thin p.(132oin)
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 44
- Kim tra khng i xng cc xung iu khin O, , O khng i

xng khong 30 in.
3- Ly c tnh gc = f (Uk), vi Uk l in p iu khin thay cho U42,
4- Kim tra mch hn ch rng xung khi tng dng rto.
- Thay U496 bng in p mt chiu chnh c.
- Khi tng U496 xy ra hin tng thu ngn rng xung iu khin n gi tr
tng ng vi IR = (0,5 0,7) IR khng ti.
- rng xung thu ngn khong 18O in.
5/ Kim tra mch xa xung v dp t :
- Kim tra mch xa xung t ptmt SF1, r le K29 (K30)
- Kim tra mch dp t bng r le K15, K20.
_____________________________________________________________________________
TRANG 45
CHNG 5
B IU CHNH KCH T T
NG AVM
48
5.1.
5.1.1.
GII THIU CHUNG V B IU CHNH T NG AVM

Chc nng
AVM l b iu chnh t ng h thng kch t, dng duy tr in p
trn thanh ci ca my pht, chng dao ng ca my pht sau s c, nng cao
n nh tnh v n nh ng ca my pht ng b. Gp phn nng cao
n nh tnh v n nh ng ca h thng in.
5.1.2.
Thng s k thut
5.1.2.1. Thng s u vo
in p nh mc v tn s mch o lng 3x100V, 50Hz
Dng nh mc mch o lng, dng stator: 5A
Dng nh mc mch o lng, dng roto: 5A
5.1.2.2. Thng s u ra
in p ra UA: 20V
in tr ti Rt: 800
H s truyn cc i:
-
Theo knh lch in p KU 200 n v tng i
Theo knh o hm in p KU: 7,5 n v tng i
Theo knh lch tn s Kf:
Theo knh o hm tn s Kf:
Theo knh o hm dng roto KIE: 2,7 n v tng i
15 n v tng i
5.1.2.3. Ngun cung cp

Ly t t dng t my: (t TL1 hoc TL2)
in p v tn s nh mc: 3x380V, 50Hz
lch in p cho php:
-
Lu di:
Ngn hn: -100 50%
-20 10%
S st p khi chuyn i: 50V

Ngun d phng: ly t h thng cquy:
-
in p: 220V
lch in p cho php: -20 10%
5.1.2.4. Tc ng nhanh
Thi gian tc ng to tn hiu trn u ra AVM khi gim in p vo 0,02s.
5.1.2.5. Sai s trn AVM:
Um : 1%
49
5.1.2.6. Tr s t:
in p my pht: 80 110V
Tc trung bnh thay i tr s t in p: 0,33% Um/s
Tn s tc ng lnh iu khin 100 lnh/ pha
Sai s khi ha ng b: 0,5%
S lch tr s t theo thi gian 1h: 5.10-3
5.1.2.7. H s tnh:
ch b chnh dng, tc l duy tr in p pha cao p my bin p chnh: 2
5%
5.1.2.8. Tiu th:
Tiu th t bin p o lng my pht
5VA
Tiu th t bin dng my pht B
5VA
Tiu th t bin dng o lng kch t
5VA
Tiu th t t dng h thng kch t
5VA
Tiu th t ngun 1 chiu
50W
5.1.2.9. Bin in p o lng v bin dng

5.1.2.9.1. Bin p my pht ng b:
in p nh mc th cp
100V
Cng sut nh mc
5V.A
Cp chnh xc:
0,5
5.1.2.9.2. Bin dng:
5.1.3.
Dng nh mc th cp
5A
Cng sut nh mc
5V.A
Cp chnh xc:
Ch iu khin t ng
Cng hnh kch thch theo bi s cho trc (2IRm) v ct kch thch khi h
hng trong h thng in.
Ct kch thch v dp t khi dng t my bnh thng bng cch chuyn b
chnh lu sang ch nghch lu.
Dp t trng trong ch s c bng ptmt dp t trng QAE.
Khi h hng mt trong hai b chnh lu hoc khi h hng hai mch song song
bt k 1 nhnh cng tn, vn m bo my pht lm vic vi ti nh mc vi
cos = 1. ng thi phi t ng cm ch cng hnh.
iu chnh kch thch theo lch, o hm in p my pht, lch v o
hm tn s, o hm dng kch thch.
Thay i t xa tr s t in p my pht trong phm vi 80 110% gi tr nh
50
mc.
Hn ch dng kch thch 2 ln dng nh mc khng c thi gian duy tr,
ng thi hn ch qu ti theo dng kch thch theo c tuyn thi gian ph
thuc.
Hn ch dng kch thch cc tiu theo tr s t ph thuc vo tr s cng sut
thc ch tiu th cng sut khng t li (Q l m).
iu chnh cng sut khng gia cc t my trong ch iu chnh nhm
cng sut.
5.2.
HOT NG CA B IU CHNH AVM

B iu chnh AVM thc hin iu chnh kch t ca my pht ng b theo
cc i lng:
-
lch in p my pht: U
o hm bc nht in p my pht U
lch tn s my pht: f
o hm bc nht tn s: f
o hm bc nht dng roto my pht. IE
S iu chnh cc thng s f, f chng dao ng trong qu trnh in c,

cn iu chnh theo cc thng s IE v U chng dao ng trong qu trnh
in t. iu s nng cao n nh tnh v ng ca my pht ng b.
o i lng lch in p my pht ng b U, xc nh n theo tr
s t trc, trn u vo H a n cc i lng.
-
in p o lng: my pht
PT1, PT2
in p b chnh dng hoc iu ha dng
(ch s dng khi PT1).

-
in p ta
in p tr s t t YH
in p ca thit b gim tr s t khi qu

nhit roto v t b gii hn qu ti.
OMB:
in p t khi hn ch kch thch cc tiu
in p o lng ly t cc bin in p o lng thng qua cc bin p trung

gian T1, T2, T3 trong AVM.
in p iu ha dng t l vi thnh phn phn khng dng my pht. ch
iu ha dng, s tng thnh phn khng dng my pht, th tn hiu tng
a n u vo khi H tng ln. iu dn n AVM tc ng n pha s
cp bin p tng ng vi mt h s tnh cho trc. S tng h s tnh m bo
tnh n nh trong vic phn b ti khng gia cc my pht.
Thnh phn phn khng dng stator PT1 c o bng cch a n in
51
p t l vi in p my pht pha A,C v dng pha B my pht.

in p ra ca YH, ca thit b gim tr s t khi qu nhit, ca u ra OMB
lm thay i tr s t trc ca in p iu chnh:
in p ra ca YH thay i khi c cc lnh :
-
Thay i cng bc (ti ch, t xa)
T b t ng thay i Tr s t. YH
Thay i tr s t tc ng nhanh
in p ca tn hiu gim tr s t khi qu nhit roto lm tng tn hiu vo khi

H. Kt qu l dng kch t khi xy ra qu nhit s gim n nh mc.
in p ra OBM: Gim tn hiu u vo khi H, dn n dng kch t trong
ch km kch thch s tng ln v gii hn cng sut khng tiu th t trc.
Khi in p my pht bng vi tr s t trc th U = 0. lch in p U,
U to ra trn H, a n Y cng vi cc tn hiu khc v c khuch i.
S iu chnh U trong mt vi ch c th dn n vic ct kch t khng
mong mun, v d thi im ct ngn mch. loi tr iu ny, c khi
tc ng khi in p my pht gim thp, a lnh i cng hnh.
Tn hiu iu chnh t l vi lch tn s f v o hm f, thc hin trn
3. Khi 3 o lng s thay i chu k in p.
Trn 3 a n in p t l vi in p pha A v B my pht, f, f to
thnh, a n Y.
khi 3 c thit b bo v khi tng ng thi in p v tn s my pht
cao hn gi tr cho trc, cng nh khi ch tng tn s hoc in p cao hn
mt gi tr cho trc.
Tn hiu iu chnh IE thc hin bi khi T:
Cc i lng U, U, f, f, IE v in p c cng trn khi Y, Ti
Y cc tn hiu c bin i, khuch i v lc. u ra Y l u ra ca
AVM. u ra ny tc ng n b pht xung AV iu khin thyristor.
Trn AVM cn c cc b phn gii hn:
-
Khi OBM:
Gii hn kch thch cc tiu, ch tiu th cng sut v cng t li.
Khi OBM c dng c tnh gp khc gm 3 on, mi on c dc khc

nhau. c tnh ny biu din s ph thuc ca cng sut khng tiu th cho
php vo cng sut thc.
Thnh phn khng a n OMB t khi PT1
Khi OMB gii hn dng kch thch cc tiu khng duy tr thi gian. u ra
khi OMB a n khi H.
*Tn hiu u vo:
-Tn hiu dng khng IQ t /A4.
-in p my pht U (
B).
-Dng stator I (B/T13).
52
-o hm dng rotor E /A5.

*Tn hiu u ra :
-in p ra OMB khi in p /A3
-Khi OMB lm vic r le K7/ /A18(hn ch kch thch cc tiu)
-
B gii hn qu ti my pht theo dng rotor:
Gm: Khi o qu ti /A6, khi hn ch dng rotor OP/A7

Ty thuc vo s t hoc tho thanh ni trn khi OP m s qu ti lp li l
cho php hoc khng cho php n khi ngui hon ton.
Khi , OP gii hn qu ti rotor c duy tr thi gian ph thuc vo mc
qu ti v trng thi nhit ca rotor.
Khi OP cn gii hn 2 ln dng rotor trong ch tng cng.
Khi nhn c s qu ti (khi ), b ghi nhn s bo tn hiu qu ti, ng
thi moun nhit c ni vi b nh v t nng, b nh v t nng tnh
ton trng thi nhit roto t qu ti trc , cn b vi phn nhit rotor kim tra
mc t nng.
Nu s tch t nhit dn n qu nhit th b nh v qu nhit s bo tn hiu
qu nhit. Khi ng thi nhn c tn hiu qu nhit v t moun nhit th b
t ng s thay i tr s t iu chnh dng v nh mc. Lc tn hiu qu
ti c ct ra, bt u qu trnh lm ngui rotor bng cch ng thit b gim
tr s t AVM cho n khi dng t gi tr 0,97m. Khi dng kch t gim
n 0,93m, th s gim tr s t ngng li v tr s t tr li tr s trc .
Nu qu ti lp li khng cho php th tr s t iu chnh dng rotor tr li
trng thi xut pht ch sau khi rotor c lm ngui hon ton tc l in p
u ra moun nhit bng 0.
Tn hiu gii hn (lim) xy ra khi gii hn 2 ln dng roto (c chnh
1,9IRm), cng nh khi gii hn dng rotor n nh mc v 1,5IRm, khi qu
nhit rotor.
-
Khi ha YH/A16:
Thc hin vic thay i tr s t t ng. Khi ha ng b chnh xc, YH

iu chnh in p, YH s so snh Ur Uc. Khi hiu s ny khc 0, YH a
lnh n thay i tr s t YH. S thay i tr s dt din ra cho n khi Ur
Uc 0, sai s 0,5%.
*Tn hiu u vo:
-in p my pht U (AC/T12).
-in p li UC (AB/T10).
- lch in p my pht U , t /A3
*Tn hiu u ra :
-in p /A2 thay i tr s t U = U - UC.
Tip im rle K4(2-1) //A18,kt thc qu trnh iu chnh tr s t
-
Khi kim tra K/A15 :
Khi kim tra, bo h hng trong AVM bng tn hiu n. K kim tra
thnh phn ban u in p ra. AVM v du ca in p kim tra: UC a n
t H. Khi h hng AVM du ca UC v UA ngc nhau.
53
Nu UC trn u vo AVM (tc UC trn K) 0, cn in p ra UA khng

c, th AVM h hng. Khi h hng , P hoc ngn mch trong ti K
cng bo tn hiu h hng AVM.
Ngun cho AVM: c cung cp bi khi /A1 v P/A11. Khi v l do
no m khi h hng hoc in p gim thp xung 80%Um, ngun lm
vic chuyn sang cho khi ngun d phng P/A11.
*Tn hiu u vo:
-in p kim tra Uk , t /A3
- lch in p my pht U , t /A3
-in p hi tip t AVM
Kim tra tn hiu ca AVM
-in p-12,6V t /A3 (lm san bng in p+12,6V qua cc in
tr R40,R42).
-Tn hiu t khi /A7 tc ng dn n h hng.
*Tn hiu u ra :
-Tip im thng m K1(5-6) r le K1//A18.(Bo AVM tt).
-Tip im thng m K1(5-4) r le K3//A18.(Bo AVM hng)
54
5.3.
5.3.1.
C TNH LM VIC CA CC KHI TRONG AVM:

Khi ngun cung cp /A1 :
Khi cung cp cc ngun mt chiu n nh cho AVM.
u vo khi ngun l ngun xoay chiu 3380V (300 450V), 50Hz t
t dng kch t t my qua cc my bin th trung gian T1 ( T3, to ra ngun n
p mt chiu 12,6V cp cho IC v 6,5V cp cho cc transistor trng
(transistor c tng tr u vo rt ln) cung cp cho cc khi trong AVM. Trn
khi c t ng h theo di cc thng s trong AVM gm 10 v tr:
-
2 in p t ca khi t trc in p YH U0.

3 lch in p t khi in p - U.
4 Dng rotor - IE.
5 lch tn s - f.
6 in p ra ca AVM - UA.
7 Dng stator - I.
8 Thnh phn dng khng stator - IQ.
9 Thnh phn dng thc stator IP.
10 in p +12.6V
11 in p 12.6V
Gi tr c trn ng h tng nc c qui i.

Mch 4a 7b: in p 35 53V
in p ra ca khi: 12.6V (25,2V).
Trong khi c cc mch bo v:
1. in p ngun vo tng cao 1.3Um.
2. Bo v tng n p ngun nui 30V.
3. Bo v qu ti ca khi (V10 ct 12.6V ).
Khi mt trong cc bo v trn tc ng: ngun 12.6V; 6,5V b ct bng
V32 v n HS tt nhng vn cn ngun cho mch 4a 7b v ngun ny c
ly trc tip t u ra b chnh lu cu 3 pha. Lnh ct s t gi nhng kim
ng h khng v 0 l do cc t trong mch x nng lung. gii tr lnh
ct phi ct ngun nui ca .
kim tra Ura ca , ta bt kha qua v tr 12.6V lc kim s ch
62.5A. (V R32 = 200k; I = U/ R = 12.5/ 200.000 = 62.5A).
5.3.1.1. Thnh phn

a. B chnh lu
55
b. B n p xung 25,2V
c. B chia p t ng
d. B n p 6,5V
e. Thit b kim tra in p vo v ra
f. Mch hn ch ti
5.3.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic
5.3.1.2.1. B chnh lu
B chnh lu bao gm 3 bin p 1 pha T1, T2, T3 ly ngun t h thng kch
t; B chnh lu cu 3 V1 V6; Mch lc dng t C4.
5.3.1.2.2. B n p xung 25,2V
Bao gm R15 R18, Zener V21, vi mch D1, cc trasistor V43, V7, V8, V10,
cun cm L1 v diod V11.
R13, V19, V17, V18 to ngun cp cho D1.
Qu trnh n p da trn s so snh in p trn cu o gm R15 R18 v V21,
kt qu l:
U10D1 = 0 khi U4D1 > U5D1
U10D1 = + (gii hn) khi U4 < U5D1
Khi ng ngun do : U4 = U5 = 0 ( U10 = 1/2U11(D1)
U10 nh thng V23 qua R1 m V43 lm V7, V8, V10 m, L1 c np nng
lng, c dng chy trong mch lm U25,2 tng ln. Lc ny in p trn cu o
thng xut hin. U25,2 tip tc tng cho n khi U4 > U5 (D1) lm U10D1 bng
0. Kt qu l V10 kha. Nng lng trong L1 chuyn sang ti theo mch kn
V11. Khi y dng trong mch gim cho n khi U4 < U5 U10 chuyn sang
(+), tip tc qu trnh tch nng lng cho L1.
Trong ch lm vic cung cp cho D1 chuyn qua cho V24. Bin tr R16
dng chnh in p ra ca n p. Gi tr chnh nh l 25,2V.
5.3.1.2.3. B phn p t ng
C th gi l b to im gia (im O)
Bao gm vi mch D2, transistor, V26 V29 v cc in tr R23, R24.
B phn p lm vic nh sau: Gi s im O lch v pha (+), lc U 4 > U5
(D2) U10 (D2) dng, V27, V29 m, qua V26, V29 in p m a n u 4
D2, ko U10 v 0. Qu trnh xy ra ngc li khi im O lch v pha (-).
Nh vy, im 0 lun c duy tr v lm im chung cung cp ngun cho
mch 12,6V.
chnh xc ca b phn p ty thuc vo R23, 24
5.3.1.2.4. B n p 6,5V
B n p c so snh vi im chung da trn cc Zener. V30, V31 v cc Tr:
V40, V41, V42.
5.3.1.2.5. Thit b kim tra in p vo v ra
56
* Bo v tng cao in p ra:

Gm: Cu o R48 R50, V39
Vi mch: D3, v Zener V36
Transistor V32 v V33
Cu o c chn sao cho khi lm vic bnh thng hoc cn nh hn mt
gii hn nh trc U25,2V < 30V th U4 < U5 (D3) U10(D3) = 0, V33 kha,
khng nh hng n s lm vic ca V32, l ng dn ca mch n p.
Khi U25,2 > 30V( tr s t bo v) th U4 < U5 (D3) U10 dng, nh thng
V36 lm V33 m. R40, R38, R36 b ni tt qua V33 lm V32 tt, b n p xung
tt, n H1 tt.
* Bo v tng in p ngun vo:
Lm vic ca bo v ny da trn Zener V35. Khi in p vo tng cao
nh thng V35 lm V33 h v tng t nh trn b n p xung ct.
Tr s t ca ca bo v ny tng ng vi U ngun vo bng 1,3Um tc 1,3
x 380V = 494V.
Ngoi ra trong cn c mch lin ng chng s lm vic sai ca D3. Khi
ng ngun cho mch gm C17, transitor trng V38, v transistor V37.
Khi ng ngun, C17 np in, lm V38 ngt, cn V37 m, ko u ra D3
xung m trnh tc ng sai ca D3. Sau C17 np y, V38 m v V37 ngt.
5.3.2.
Khi ngun d phng P/A11:

Khi P dng cp in cho AVM, khi khi ng v dng, cng nh
khi gim in p ca t dng h thng kch t nh hn hoc bng 80% U nh
mc hay khi h hng khi ngun chnh .
Khi ny cng to ra ngun n p mt chiu 12,6V v 6,5V, ngun cung cp
cho khi ny ly t h thng accu nh my, ngun ny s lm vic khi ngun
cung cp cho khi ngun chnh gim ti 0,8Um hoc khi h hng khi ngun
chnh.
57
Khi ny lun lm vic v bin in p 220VDC t h thng accu thnh in p

35VDC.
u ra mch 12,6V mch 12,6V ca qua 2 diode VD31 & VD34. Vi
cch mc nh vy, khi Ura < Ura P cng nh khi b ct th 2 diode
trn s dn, AVM c cp ngun t Ura P lc ny n H2 ca P sng.
n H2 tt khi in p phc hi mc bnh thng.
5.3.2.1. Thnh phn ca P
1.
B bin i in p
2.
n p xung
3.
B phn p t ng
4.
B n p 6,5V
5.
Mch hn ch ti
5.3.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng

5.3.2.2.1. B bin i in p
Nhn ngun mt chiu 220V t h thng in mt chiu bin i thnh in p
mt chiu khong 40V.
B bin i gm b pht xung theo kiu hi tip bin p gm: UJT, VT5,
Transistor VT7, VT8 cc bin p T1 v T2.
UJT, VT5 dao ng to xung kch ban u cho mch pht xung khi khi ng.
Sau theo mch hi tip qua bin p T1 (cun 9 10) v T2, VT7 v VT8
thay phin nhau dn, to ra xung c tn s khong 26kHz.
Qua bin p T2 v chnh lu VD3, VD4 to ra in p mt chiu khong 35V.
5.3.2.2.2. Cc b n p xung b phn p v b n p
in p 6,5V v mch hn ch ti trong P lm vic
5.3.2.2.3. Mch hn ch ti (5)
Khi tng dng ti, in p ri trn R9 R56 tng, n khi m V14 v
V13, theo mch V20 v R19, lm U4(D1) tng, do in p ra ti D1 = 0 ng
vi gi tr U25,2 nh hn, lm cho dng ti b hn ch.
Khi ngn mch trong ti, V14 m do in p theo dng R14 v R15, lm V13
m, tng t nh trn qu trnh tch thot nng lng trn L1 s din ra vi
dng ph ti nh hn.
Tr s t ca bo v qu ti l 0,8 1A.
5.3.3.
Khi khuch i Y/A8 :

Khi Y cng tt c cc tn hiu iu chnh, khuch i v truyn tn hiu
n h thng iu khin Thyristor. Cc tnh ca Y ph hp vi cc tnh ca
tn hiu vo. u ra ca Y chnh l u ra ca AVM.
u vo khi khuch i gm:
58
- Tn hiu o hm in p t khi in p.
- Tn hiu lch in p t khi in p.
- Tn hiu o hm dng rotor t khi dng in.
- in p ra ca khi cng hnh.
- Tn hiu lch tn s t khi tn s.
- Tn hiu o hm tn s t khi tn s.
u ra khi khuych i (cng l u ra AVM) a ti h thng iu khin
thyristor, cn a ti khi kim tra h hng AVM v khi ngun c th o
in p ra ca AVM trong qu trnh vn hnh nh ng h gn trn khi ngun
.
YH
y3
AV
5.3.3.1. Thnh phn ca Y

B ly tng D1
My pht sng mang (V10, V31, C7, R22, T1)
B iu bin (V5 V8)
B khuch i in p kiu vi sai
B khuch i cng sut kiu y ko (V14, 17, 18, 21, 22)
B gii iu ch tch sng nhy pha (V19, 20, 23, 24)
Cc bin p cch ly (T1, T2); Lc C19, 22, R45, cc rle K1, K2
Khi Y thc cht l b khuch i in p mt chiu, c thit k sao
cho trong khong in p lm vic 20V vi ti 800, m bo c
tuyn tnh.
B tng D1: Cng tt c cc tn hiu iu chnh v c o du.
in p mt chiu u ra D1 c iu bin thnh in p ch nht.
thc hin vic iu bin, cc transistor V5 V8 c iu khin bi b pht
sng mang, in p iu bin t cun 6-7-8 ca T1 a n V5 V8. Tn s
iu bin khong 5KHz (xc nh bi C7 v R20)
Tn hiu u ra b iu bin (C8, C10) l 2 trang in p ch nht ngc pha
59
nhau.
Qua D3, hai tn hiu c ly tng D4. Do cch mc ca s D4. Tn hiu
ra D4 l nhn i.
D5 mc theo kiu vi sai, a tn hiu vo b khuch i cng sut kiu y ko.
Tn hiu ra b khuch i cng sut c gii iu ch, bi b tch sng nhy
pha. B tch sng cng c iu khin bi 2 xung ngc cc tnh nhau, ly t
b pht sng mang.
Tn hiu ra c lc bi C22, L1, C19 l 1 chiu.
m bo tuyn tnh nh nu trn, thc hin hi tip m su qua R19.
K1 dng ni tt u ra AVM khi ha t ng b.
K2 dng ni tt u vo Y (b iu bin). K2 ng khi K18 ct.
in p ra Y UA c a vo o c, a vo K kim tra s lm
vic ca AVM, in p ny cn c a n AVN thc hin vic theo di
AVM t AVN.
c tnh ca Y c cho trn hnh 5-4-1.
60
K h i k h u c h i
U ra = f(U v o )
UX
V
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
UX
V
4 3 2 1
2
2
1 2 3 4
-2
UX
V
-4
-6
-8
UX
V
Hnh 5-4-1 : c tnh ca khi
5.3.4.
Khi t trc in p - YH /A2:

61
Khi YH dng thay i tr s t trc ca in p my pht.

Phn t chnh ca YH l mch nh lu
Thay i tr s t l thay i in p trn t nh, khi c cc lnh u vo
khi YH.
u vo khi t trc in p gm:
- Lnh thay i tr s t v pha ln hn ti ch hoc t xa.
- Lnh thay i tr s t v pha nh hn ti ch hoc t xa.
- Lnh iu chnh nh t ng tr s t in p t khi ha ng b.
- Lnh gim ti v cng my pht.
u ra ca khi t trc in p a n khi in p.
5.3.4.1. Thnh phn ca YH
Thit b thay i tr s t: T nh C2, cc Transistor trng V4, V5, vi
mch D2, rle K2, vi mch D3 v phn t chng tc ng sai ca khi khi kch
t ban u.
Thit b thay i tr s t khi ha ng b v gim cng sut v cng khi
cm tng cng v khi dng my: vi mch D6.
Thit b bo hiu: V17, V18, n H1, H2.
ch ban u, u vo ca D2 c cn bng bi R28, U10 D2 = 0.
Khi c lnh thay i tr s t, ti u vo D3 xut hin cc tnh dng, rle
K2 ng, ni u vo YH vi t nh C2. Tu thuc vo cc tnh ca tn hiu
a vo t C2 m n c t in p m hoc dng.
Thay i tr s t trn t C2 c din ra cho n khi khng cn tn hiu u
vo t C2. in p ra D2 tng ng vi in p trn t C2. y chnh l in
p ra ca khi YH.
Sau khi h mch K2, in p trn t C2 c gi khng i cho n khi c lch
tip theo u vo YH.
Gi tr gii hn ca tr s t trc c bo bi H1, H2.
1.
H1 n max Uy m cc i
2.
H2 n min Uy dng cc i
Uy: in p tr s t
- K46, K45 l kha tng, gim tr s t t xa
- , M l kha tng, gim tr s t ti ch.
- Cc u vo theo 5A, c rle K51 l lnh gim ti v cng khi cm tng
cng v rle K58 lnh gim ti v cng khi c lnh dng my.
Khi c lnh gim ti v cng, u vo o D6 ni vi PT1, tn hiu t PT1
lm cho u ra D6 m, qua R5 tip im K2 ni vi t C2. Kch thch my pht
gim cho n khi tn hiu u ra PT1 = 0. Tc l khi cng sut v cng bng
khng.
62
Lnh iu chnh tr s t khi ha ng b, c thc hin da trn hiu

UR-UC t YH. Hiu s ny qua R84 vo u khng o D6. Ty thuc vo du
ca tn hiu ny m tr s t thay i v hng tng hay gim lm tng hay
gim kch thch my pht cho n khi UR-UC = 0.
5.3.5.
Khi in p H/A3 :
Khi H dng o lng in p my pht, to ra tn hiu lch in
p my pht khi tr s t trc: U v tn hiu U
u vo khi in p gm cc tn hiu sau:
- in p phn cc (in p ta), xc nh in p t trc ca my pht.
63
- in p my pht so snh vi in p ta, in p ly t my pht qua cc

my bin p trung gian.
- in p ra ca khi tr s t in p.
- in p ra ca khi dng khng.
- in p ra ca khi gii hn dng kch thch cc tiu.
in p ra khi in p cung cp cho:
- Khi khuch i ly tng vi cc tn hiu khc v khuch i.
- Khi ngun kim tra s hot ng ca khi in p.
- Khi cng hnh, khi ha ng b v khi kim tra cho s hot ng
ca chng.
5.3.5.1. Thnh phn khi H
a.
B ly tng in p D3
b.
Knh o lng c qun tnh, lch in p my pht (o lng in
p my pht) D8, D9
c.
Knh o lng khng qun tnh, o lng in my pht: D1, D2,
D6, cc Tr V12, V13, V20, b tch phn, cc kho b nh V18, V19, V21,
cc b nh C36 C38, cc b lp V22, V23, V24.
d.
B cng D10
e.
B khuch i: D12
f.
B vi phn D11

5.3.5.2.1. B so snh tng D3
u vo D3 a n cc tn hiu nh trn hnh D3 c h s khuch i
bng -1. Cc tn hiu trn thay i v hai pha s lm thay i tr s t trc
ca in p.
u ra D3 c a n knh o lng tc ng nhanh v knh qun tnh.
5.3.5.2.2. Knh o lng tc ng nhanh
Knh ny o lch ca gi tr tc thi o lng in p my pht vi tr s t trc
cho trc. Thnh phn gm 3 b ging nhau, ng vi 3 pha .Mi b gm cc thit b
theo s khi nh sau: (hnh 5-6-1)
64
Ur
atric
in p M F
Bin i
sin thnh
vung
T b ly tng Tch
phn
T o xung
rng cua
K ha
V 18 --V 21
B nh
nhanh
B
lp
R
R 55
B tng
Hnh 5-6-1 : S khi knh o lng tc ng nhanh

Xt s lm vic ca 1 b: (b 1)
* attrit in p my pht: Bin th T1 nhn tn hiu in p my pht 100V t
TV11 v gim p
* B bin i D1: to xung vung
* B vi phn C7: bin i in p xung vung thnh rng ca 2 cc tnh.
* Kha transistor V12: c m bi xung rng ca cc tnh dng 1 ln trong
1 chu k, phn cn li V12 tt.
* B tch phn D4: Ti u vo o ca D4, in p ra D3 c ly tng vi
cc in p trn t nh qua R55 v b lp V22.
u ra D4 s c in p nu UR38 UR55. Lc qu trnh tch phn s din ra
cho n khi no UR38 = UR55.
Khi V12 m th V18 tt, thng tin khng truyn vo b nh. ng vi 3 pha lch
nhau 1200, nn vic x l thng tin truyn vo b nh 3 ln trong mt chu k.
y chnh l ngha ca knh o lng tc ng nhanh. in p my pht
c o lng, nhn bit trong mt chu k.
in p ca thit b nh nhanh t b lp qua R78, R79, R80 (3 b), a n u
vo b cng D10. Theo knh ny c h s khuch i bng:
65
K =
R89
3.R 89
3.20 K
=
=
1
R 78 // R 79 // R 80
R 78
62 K
K = 1
5.3.5.2.3. Knh o lng qun tnh
Knh ny o lch gi tr trung bnh in p chnh lu 3 pha ca my pht so
vi gi tr cho trc.
in p u ra D3 qua b lc RC: R44, R55, C18 n u vo b tch phn o
D9.
Hng s thi gian ca b lc l T = R44.C18
= 105.0,47.10-6 = 0,047s
= 47ms 2,5 chu k p my pht
y chnh l c im ca knh o lng qun tnh
5.3.5.2.4. B tng D10
Ti u vo D10, cng cc in p ra ca 2 knh: thit b nh nhanh v o
lng qun tnh, to cho c tnh iu chnh ca AVM l phi tnh. Tc l cc
xo trn bn ngoi lp tc c nhn bit bi thit b nh nhanh v tc ng
n u ra H.
5.3.5.2.5. B khuch i D12
Khuch i cui ca H
H s khuch i = -R101/R22 = -1. in p ra D12 l in p ra ca H (U).
c tnh cho trn (hnh 26)
5.3.5.2.6. Khi hi tip :
Khi gm R103, kha S3 v R76. Khi hi tip a vo to c tnh
ca AVM l tnh. H s tnh c xc nh bi v tr ca S3 (KU), tc l xc
nh bi mc hi tip.
5.3.3.2.7. B vi phn bao gm cc phn t : C48, D11 v S1
B vi phn to ra tn hiu U, h s khuych i theo knh ny c th thay i
nh kha S1.
* Khi a in p my pht bng tr s t trc th U = 0 (tr s c chnh
nh l 95V)
U c a n Y cng vi cc tn hiu khc v khuch i.
U Y
Ngoi ra U
: Ch th
YH
YH
66
UD 12
V
6
2
90
80
100
110
120
U
V
-2
-4
-6
Hnh 5-6-2 : c tnh khi H /A3
5.3.6.
Khi dng phn khng - PT1/A4 :

Khi PT1 dng b chnh st p trn my bin th chnh ca my pht
v truyn thnh phn khng ca dng in my pht vo khi OMB.
Lc i ni c t KIQ
u vo khi dng khng gm c:
- in p UA, C ca TV11.
- T my bin dng pha B qua cc bin p trung gian ca TA3 (mch lc
kch t ).
u ra ca khi dng khng a ti:
- Khi in p b chnh st p trn my bin p chnh.
- Khi t trc in p t ng thay i tr s t.
- Khi hn ch dng kch thch cc tiu OMB.
5.3.6.1. Thnh phn PT1

- B so snh (khuch i D1).
- Chnh lu nhy pha D3
- B tch phn iu khin c D5
- B lc ng b gm: t nh nhanh C21, V19, V20, D7
67
- attrt xung ng b iu khin b nh: D2

- attrt xung ng b iu khin b tch phn: D4
5.3.6.2.1. B so snh D1
Nhn in p my pht: UAC t T4, qua D1 in p sin c bin i thnh
dng xung ch nht.
5.3.6.2.2. B chnh lu nhy pha
bn k dng ca in p sin: U10D1<0, V4, V6 m, na di ca V8 ni
u 5 ca xung mass, qua R22. Tn hiu Ir ch c a n u 4/D3.
bn k m, qu trnh din ra ngc li, na trn ca VS ni Ir vo u 5/D3
qua in tr R21.
Nh vy, D3 khuch i Ir c 2 u vi h s khuch i khc nhau:
u o: K1 = - R29/R20 = -20K/20K = -1
u khng o: K2 = 2R29/R21 = 2.20K/20K = 2
Hai tn hiu ny c cng li, kt qu ca n ty thuc vo gc pha ca ph
ti my pht nh trn hnh 27.
5.3.6.2.3. B tch phn iu khin
Tn hiu u ra D3 c a vo b tch phn D5, C20 v c iu
khin bi b attrit xung ng b D4 qua V18 v V17.
Dng sng ra D3 c dng rng ca, ly trung bnh trong 1/2 chu k.
Khi my pht mang ti cm Ura D5 > 0
Khi my pht mang ti dung Ura D5 < 0
5.3.6.2.4. Thit b nh nhanh D7, C21, V19
Xung rng ca u ra D5 c np vo thit b nh nhanh qua kha V19,
V20 v c iu khin bi attrt xung ng b D2 qua transistor V22.
5.3.6.2.5. attrit xung ng b iu khin b nh
Tn hiu ra D1 (xung ch nht) qua vi phn C4, V2, R10, to thnh xung rng
ca 2 cc tnh. Xung dng c a vo u o D2 qua R9, to thnh xung
gn cc tnh m c rng xc nh bi C7, R18. V22 b tt bi xung ny. Khi
V19 m, tn hiu t V5 c a vo b nh C21. Khi in p u ra D7
c gi tr m bng vi in p u ra D5 thi im nhp thng tin.
Nh vy b nh ghi nhn v gi in p bng in p ng ra D5. Gi tr ny
c gi cho n ln tt tip theo ca V22. Lc khi dng khng my pht
thay i th mt thng tin mi c np vo b nh.
5.3.6.2.6. attrit xung ng b iu khin ca b tch phn
in p ra D2 c a qua D4. Vi phn C8, V10, R24 to tn hiu rng ca
cc tnh dng. Xung ny c a qua ng o D4, to xung ch nht cc
tnh m. Xung ny lm tt V18 v m V17, lc C20 c ni tt phng in
qua V17.
68
Nh vy V17, V19 m 2 ln trong mt chu k. Trong V19 thng trc

tm tn hiu vo b nh, sau V19 tt v V17 m xo tn hiu trn C20,
chun b cho chu k tch phn mi.
* u ra D7 a n con ni SX1 dng b chnh dng do st p trn my
bin th chnh v a vo khi in p H.
Tn hiu a vo D6 o u a n khi OBM thc hin vic hn ch kch
thch cc tiu. a n khi in p H ch th IQ a n khi t trc
in p YH thay i tr s t khi gim ti v cng.
UD7
V
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
IQ
A
U27A
V
Hnh 5-7-1 : Khi dng khng PT1

(S ph thuc ca Ura vo Uvo)
69
UD 2
0
UD 4
UD 5
UD 6
Hnh 5-7-2 : th in p khi PT1
5.3.7.
Khi dng in - T /A5:
70
Khi T dng o dng roto v stato my pht, to o hm I' E v to

in p t l vi dng roto a vo cc khi hn ch qu ti , OP.
u vo khi dng in:
- T bin dng in TA11( sau bin p kch t TE) qua cc my bin p v
chnh lu thnh dng mt chiu a vo D1. u ra D1 a vo khi vi
phn D5; khi IRotor tng nhanh th D5 C xu hng ko li km hm s tng
ca IRotor
- Khi IRotor = 1200A th u ra D1 = -5A.
- T bin dng in stator pha B. Khi IStator = 4920A th u ra D2 c in
p l: +5V.
u ra khi dng in:
- Tn hiu o hm dng rotor a ti khi khuych i.
- Cc mc tng ng vi dng rotor cung cp cho khi hn ch dng
cng hnh.
- Tn hiu dng stator a n khi hn ch cng hnh.
Trong khi ny c kha KIE gm 10 v tr lch nhau khong 0,3V
(V tr lm vic t nc s 9).
5.3.7.1. Thnh phn khi T
a.Thit b o dng stator: chnh lu V7, V10 v khuch i D2.
b.
Thit b o dng roto: b chnh lu v khuch i D1
c.B chn dng: ch chn dng pha roto

d.
B khuch i in p D3
e.B lp D4
f. B vi phn D5, C13, R47
g.
Cc b so snh in p D6, D7

5.3.7.2.1. Thit b o dng stator
Dng stator ly t bin dng stator pha B,qua bin p T8, qua b chnh
lu V7, V10 c lc bi C2, a vo D2. in p ra D2 t l vi dng
stator. a vo ch th. R6: chnh in p ra D2, tng ng vi dng
stator khi nh mc ch -5V.
5.3.7.2.2. Thit b o dng rotor

T cc my bin dng kch t qua cc bin p trung gian T5, T6, T7 qua
chnh lu V1 V6, lc bi R7, C1 a vo D1. in p ra D1 t l vi dng roto
v c chnh bi R5. in p ny a n ch th. Khi dng roto l
nh mc 200A, ch -5V
71
5.3.7.2.3. Khuch i in p D3
Do khng s dng b chn dng nn dng t ngun dng V17 chy qua
V15, V18, R26 s to in p u vo D3 bng in p ti u ra D1, do D3
ch ng vai tr o du tn hiu t D1, a n v OP.
5.3.7.2.4. Vi phn D5
Tn hiu t D1 qua b tch phn gm C13, R47, D5 tao thnh I'E v qua kho S1
a vo Y.
Khi chuyn my pht t AVM AVN, I'E c ni tt loi tr tc ng sai
ca n.
5.3.7.2.5. B lp D4
D4 ng vai tr b lp li in p ra D1 a vo cc b so snh D6 v D7
5.3.7.2.6. Cc b so snh D6 v D7
ch lm vic bnh thng ca my pht , u ra D4 = 0
in p u ra D6, D7 c xc nh bi phn lc dng ti u vo o ca
n bi hi tip m sau qua R62, R63 nn c gi tr m.
Khi IE > IEm Ura D6, Ura D7 = 0
Khi gim dng roto (do tc ng ca OP) n 0,97Im in p u ra D6 t
gi tr m gii hn. Khi tc ng n OP, in p ny s chuyn b tch phn
ca OP sang ch nh. Tr s ny c xc nh bi R50.
i vi D7, Ura D7 = 0. Khi dng IE > 0,93IEm, v t gi tr m gii hn khi
gim dng IE < 0,9IEm.
5.3.8.
Khi o qu ti /A6:
dng o qu ti roto ca my pht, hn ch thi gian qu ti, ph
thuc vo trng thi nhit ca my pht. Hn ch ti trong ch ngui dn ca
my pht khi cm qu ti lp li.
S lm vic ca a trn hm hyperbol, gn ng vi c tnh qu ti ca
my pht.
72
u vo ca khi o qu ti l tn hiu dng rotor t khi dng in.

u ra ca khi o qu ti rotor a ti khi hn ch dng rotor v bo tn hiu
qu ti rotor thng qua r le trung gian.
C 2 bo v qu ti Rotor:
1.
Bng rle ly trc tip t bin dng (12s tc

ng)
2.
Bo v bng khi
Trong khi ny c:
Khuch i D1 ghi nhn qu ti nh v khi qu ti my pht n c a
vo lm vic u tin.
Khuch i D10 ghi nhn qu ti trung bnh
Khuch i D9 ghi nhn qu ti ln nht, gm c qu ti rotor trong ch
cng hnh.
Khuch i D5 m hnh nhit ly tch phn nhit rotor (stator) my pht
khi qu ti, kim tra mc pht nng ca my pht v khi qu ti cao hn
cho php n s ng b ghi nhn pht nng (D7 v t nh C21)
Tn hiu vo ly t TA1 qui i ra in p. Khi IE = IRm th Uvo = -5V.
5.3.8.1. Thnh phn ca
B ghi nhn qu ti: D1, D9, D10 ni theo s iod l tng.
M hnh nhit (b vi phn v nh v t nng)
Tn hiu qu ti: D2, V12, K1
5.3.8.2.1. B ghi nhn qu ti
D1, D9, D10 c cc h s khuch i khc nhau. Cc h s c th thay i nh
cc bin tr tng ng R4, R100, R106.
u vo mi b khuch i c 2 in p: in p t l vi dng roto (t T)
v in p t hay cn gi l in p phn cc.
Tr s t ca mi b c th chnh nh, nhm chnh nh tr s qu ti, nh cc
bin tr R5, R56 v R3.
D1 dng ghi nhn tr s qu ti b cn D9 dng ghi nhn tr s qu ti ln
nht, k c qu ti trong ch cng hnh.
Bin tr R5 c chnh nh sao cho khi in p a vo 2A l 5,3A tng ng
vi dng IE = 1,06IEm, in p u ra D1 0 v c xu hng m.
Bin tr R4 chnh sao cho IE = 5,5V tc IE = 1,1IEm, UraD1 = 10.
Bin tr R3 t v tr sao cho khi IE = 6V tc IE = 1,2IEm, D10 c xu hng
dng v 0.
Bin tr R106 t sao cho khi U5A = 8V tc IE = 1,6IEm, UraD10 = 2V
Bin tr R56 t v tr sao cho khi U5A = 8V tc IE = 1,6Im, UraD9 c xu
73
hng dng v 0.
Bin tr R100 t v tr sao cho khi U5A = 10V tng ng vi IE = 2Im,
UraD9 = 10V.
u ra ca b ghi nhn qu ti ni vo m hnh nhit qua cc R30, R99, R31.
D1 ni vo m hnh qua D3. c R101 chnh nh s tri im khng
ca b ghi nhn qu ti.
Bin tr R101 c chnh sao cho khi ct cc tn hiu vo 2A, 5A, UraD5 = 0
5.3.8.2.2. M hnh nhit
Bao gm:
B tch phn iu khin D5, C15, V13, V14
B ghi nhn t nng: D7, C21, V18
B so snh D4
B a hi n n D6, D8
Cc rle K1, K3
Mch m hnh nhit hot ng theo nguyn tc ca thit b trn cc phn t
tng t.
B tch phn kim tra mc t nng roto khi qu ti trong ch t
nng v ngui dn.
Trn u vo D5 c transistor trng V13, V14 c cng cch ly tng in
tr trong mch t phng ca C15. V13, V14 mc theo s vi sai gim nh
hng ca nhit trong s lm vic ca b tch phn.
B ghi nhn t nng l thit b nh lu, dng kim tra trng thi ban u
ca my pht khi qua nhit v khi ngui dn.
T u ra D7 n u vo D8 c mch hi tip m R18. N c a vo lm
vic trong ch ngui (khi tip im K1(1-2) ng v c iu khin bi
D2. R18 c chn thi gian ngui dn ca my pht t 15 n 30 pht.
iu khin b tch phn thc hin bi D4, D6, D8, rle K2, K3.
u vo D4 l in p ra D5, so snh vi in p ta cc tnh m trn bin tr
R36.
R35 c chnh sao cho D4 tc ng thay i cc tnh t dng sang m xy ra
khi UraD5 l 10V. (-10V ch t nng v +10V ch ngui).
Thay i cc tnh in p u ra D4 s to tn hiu khi ng cho b a hi i
D6. Trn u ra D6 xut hin xung ngn cc tnh (+). Lc transistor V20
m, K2 tc ng, tip im K2(2-3) ni nhanh u ra D5 vo b inh v t
nng D7. Thng tin c truyn vo D7.
Thi gian ng K2 c xc nh bi thng s ca hi tip mm R69, C23.
S thay i cc tnh trn u ra D6 t (+) (-) to tn hiu khi ng D8. u
ra D8 xut hin xung ngn cc tnh dng, V26 m, K3 tc ng. Tip im
K3(2-3) ngn mch nhanh b tch phn qua R33, UraD5 = 0. Thi gian ni D5
xc nh bi R81, C38 (lm V26 m dn n K3 tc ng ni ttb tch phn
74
D5 qua R33 ).
- Nu dng roto tng n tr s vt qu tr s t ca b nh v qu ti
b D1. u ra D1 xut hin in p m, cn u ra D3, D2 in p dng, V12
m. K1 tc ng, H1 sng, ct mch hi tip qua R18. M hnh nhit lm vic
ch t nng.
in p dng u ra D3 tng ln, np cho t C15, tc ng n cc cng
V13. iu ny lm u vo o D5 c in p dng, in p u ra D5 t gi
tr gii hn (-10).
u ra D4 nhn c in p m gii hn, qua t C18 to xung a vo u
o D6. Lc K2 tc ng khi. UraD5 vo b ghi nhn t nng D7.
in p m UraD5 qua tip im K2(2-3), t vo C21 v cc cng V18.
Transistor V18 kha, Ura o D7 c gi tr m. Kt qu l in p trn t C21 v
u ra D7 tng ln mt gi tr xc nh gn bng 0,1V.
Sau nh ni trn, sau 1 thi gian ngn K2 ct, K3 tc ng ni tt b
tch phn, t C15 phng in qua R33. in p trn b tch phn bng 0.
Khi xung trn u vo D8 gim xung K3 ct. Lc ny nu qu ti vn cn,
in p trn D5 li tng ln tr s gii hn m, K2 tc ng truyn thng tin vo
D7 v C21. in p dng trn C21 v D7 tng cn 0,1V.
Qu trnh m thc hin khong N = 93 ln, cho n khi in p trn D7
t gi tr khong 10V ( tng ng vi s pht sng cho php ca roto my
pht. Lc in p u ra D7 truyn vo OP thc hin lnh hn ch
dng roto.
S chu k t nng c th chnh nh nh bin tr R22.
- Khi dng roto gim n gi tr cho php (do tc ng ca OP, hoc
sm hn do b ghi nhn ca OP ghi nhn c s qu nhit), UraD1 = 0
(UraD2 thay i cc tch t (+) (-). R le K1 ct, tip im K1(1-2) ni u
ra D7 n u vo D3 qua R18. Lc ny kim tra trng thi nhit roto
ch ngui dn. Tn hiu qu ti ct.
UraD3 < 0, a n C15 v cng V13. Lm cho in p u ra D5 l cng gii
hn (+10V) - UraD4 < 0, UraD6 > 0. V20 m, K2 tc ng ni m hnh nhit vi
b nh v t nng. in p dng u ra D5 t vo C21 v V18.
dn V18 thay i, u ra D7 c gi tr dng, kt qu l gim in p trn t
C21 v D7 mt gi tr 0,1V.
Khi in p xung m trn u o D6 gim thp hn tr s t, UraD6 < 0 cn
UraD8 > 0, r le K2 tt, tip im K2(2-3) h mch, r le K3 tc ng ni tt b
tch phn D5.
Khi in p m trn u o D8 gim thp hn tr s t UraD8 < 0, K3 tt.
Do UraD7 gim nn ni tip qua R18 gim.
UraD3 gim, sau K3 ct UraD3 tng ln tr s gii hn nhng nh hn tr s
trc.
Qu trnh trn lp li 93 ln cho n khi in p ra trn D7 gim n 0, nhng
chu k in p trn D5 tng n tr s gii hn ngy cng ln ln. Thi gian
75
ngui ca roto my pht din ra theo hm m.

Khi my pht ngui hon ton th tn hiu qu nhit trn khi hn ch dng
rotor OP tt, r le K1, K2, K3 ct.
Nu qu ti lp li trc khi my pht ngui th m hnh nhit li a vo lm
vic ch t nng v b nh v t nng s tnh ton trng thi nhit ch
trc .
IE
IE N
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
20 40 6080
120 160 200 240
T
S
c t n h g i i h n
Hnh 5-9-1: c tnh gii hn
5.3.9.
Khi gii hn dng roto OP/A7

Khi OP dng hn ch dng roto my pht ch qu qu ti,
khi qu nhit v gii hn 2 ln dng roto trong ch tng cng 2 ln dng
kch t.
u vo khi hn ch dng rotor gm:
- Tn hiu dng rotor t khi dng in to ra.
- Tn hiu cm cng hnh khng cho vt qu dng Irotor nh mc t s
r le bn ngoi.
- Tn hiu dng stator t khi dng in to ra.
- Tn hiu cng hnh t khi cng hnh.
76
- Tn hiu qu ti t khi o qu ti rotor.

u ra ca khi ny a ti khi kim tra v gii hn gi tr u ra ca AVM
gi tr tnh ton, ng thi a tn hiu ra ngoi qua r le trung gian khi khi
hn ch lm vic.
5.3.9.1. Thnh phn OP
B ghi nhn qu nhit D1
Thit b bo tn hiu qu nhit D2, V13, K3
Thit b thay i tr s t in p D5
Thit b thay i tr s t dng roto 2 IEm
Thit b cho php qu ti trong ch ngui khi ngn mch D4, D7.
D1: B so snh in p c hi tip dng cng R21, R22 trn u vo o D1 c
cc tn hiu:
Qua R1 lnh hn ch qu ti t (7-5) KT10 (tn hiu dng)
Qua R2 in p ra D6 ca T
Qua R3 in p t l t nng roto UraD7 ca (tn hiu dng)
Qua R8 in p ta t l vi gii hn cho php ca nhit roto (tn hiu
m)
in p ra D1 >0 nu cc tn hiu a vo nh hn in p ta v ngc li.
u ra D1 ni vi baz V9 (qua V5, R20)
Trn chn Baz ca V9 cn c in p dng khng i R100 v in p ra t
D7 /T
V9 iu khin s lm vic ca thit b thay i tr s t, V9 m khi c in p
m t ln baz ca n, lc K1 tc ng, ni b nh v qu nhit n thit b
thay i tr s t.
* Thit b tn hiu qu nhit: Lm vic nh b so snh in p D2 c hi tep
dng cng R25. u vo o D2 qua R5 ni vi u ra D7 l in p t
l vi t nng, u vo thun ca D2 qua in tr R6 l in p u ra khuch
i D1, t l vi qu nhit. Tng cc in p ny so snh vi in p ta (-)qua
R11 u vo o 4 D2.
UraD2 <0 nu in p a n cao hn in p ta. Khi V13 m, K3 tc ng
n qu nhit sng qua rle trung gian K4 P a ra ngoi bng in c
hiu.
* Thit b thay i tr s t in p: L b tch phn D5. u vo o D5 qua
tip im (2-3)K1 v R42 a n in p b inh v qu nhit, cn qua R57 l
in p mt chiu m khng i. u ra D5 ni vo iod V19.
Nh vy in p u ra D5 lun lun dng, u ra qua R 102 a n H
gim tr s t ca AVM.
* Thit b thay i tr s t dng roto: Bao gm D3, D6. D3 c hi tip dng
77
R43. u vo o l in p t l vi t nng roto qua R16 (tn hiu dng khi

t nng).
Qua R29 in p ta m khng i. u vo thun qua R30 l in p ra D1 ca
nh v qu nhit. Nh vy in p ra D3 ging in p vo D2.
Trong mch thun D3 c diode V8 ni song song vi con ni (X6-X7). Khi tho
con ni qu ti lp li l khng cho php, ch lm vic ca D2 ging D3.
Khi t con ni (cho php qu ti lp li), in tr u vo thun gim R30 ni
song song R31, thay i ch khuch i ca D3. UraD3 khi UraD1 <0 s thnh
gi tr m khng ph thuc vo gi tr in p t l vi t nng a vo u
o D3 qua R16.
* Trong ch bnh thng ca my pht: UraD1 < 0
Do in p ta m v UraD6 (28A) UraD1> 0.
in p m a qua R19 t T n chn baz V9 duy tr V9 ch dn. K1
tc ng vo tip im (2-3)K1 ni tt, cc cng V16 s c in p dng, lm
tng dn ca transistor. Kt qu l trn u o D5 a n in p dng.
UraD5 = 0. V vy OP khng nh hng n tr s t ca AVM.
Lc : U4D2, U4D1 > 0, U10D2, U10D3 >0, U10D5 = 0. V13 ct, K3 ct, khng
c tn hiu qu nhit.
U10D4, U10D7 = 0
U vo D8 ch a n gi tr in p m ca n. V vy U10D8 >0. V25, V27,
V42, V40 kha.
OP khng nh hng n ch ca h thng kch thch.
* Khi c qu ti, nhng khng dn n qu nhit:
U4D1 = 0. Ch ca D1 khng i. U10D1 > 0. in p trn baz V9 bng
khng (t D7 ca T) V9 m, K1 tc ng, u ra D1 ni vi D5. Ch ca
D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 v D8 cng khng thay i. Trong trng hp ny OP
cng khng nh hng n ch lm vic ca h thng kch t.
* Khi qu nhit my pht:
UraD7 > 0, a vo u o ca D1, D2, D3 (17A), gi tr ny ln
hn tr s t D1 ( U10D1 < 0, U10D2, U10D3 < 0. Lc V9 m, K1 tc ng.
Tip im K1(2-3) ni u ra ca b nh v qu nhit vo tch phn D5. Qua
R5 U4D5 < 0 nn U10D5 > 0. T C11 c np in. in p dng u ra
D5 a n u vo H qua R102 gim tr s t AVM.
in p m u ra D2 lm m V13, K3 tc ng n qu nhit sng, bo
hiu qu nhit.
Qu trnh tng in p trn D5 v gim tr s t AVM din ra cho n
khi IE < 0,97IEm. Khi u vo D1 qua R2 a n ip p m (T), lm thay
i cc tnh D1, U10D1 > 0, K1 ct, ct thit b thay i tr s t D5 khi b
nh v qu nhit.
(Tch phn D5 lm vic ch nh. in p trn u ra D5 v trn t C11 xc
nh tr s t ca AVM tng ng vi dng IE = 0,9EIEm.Transistor V16 s
gi khng cho C11 phng in, my pht ngui dn tr s ny)
78
Ngoi ra khi qu nhit, UraD6 >0, qua R74 gim tr s t D8, t gi tr IE

= 2IEm n IE = IEm.
Khi ang ngui (my pht cn nng) UraD2 < 0 v vy K3 cn ng, n qu
nhit s tip tc sng cho n khi my pht ngui hon ton.
* ch ngui dn: nu X6-X7(SX1) ct ra, qu ti lp li khng cho php,
loi tr qu ti trong qu trnh ngn mch. Khi ct X6 X7(SX1), UraD3 <0,
UraD6 >0, v th tr s t iu chnh dng (tr s t D8) s t dng nh
mc, qu ti lp li b loi tr (tc l dng roto) bi b iu chnh dng D8,
V25, V27 s duy tr gi tr nh mc.
Nu qu ti my pht gy ra bi s ngn mch, th u vo 3A ca khi ny s
a n in p m (u ra 16A ca ) cn 2A a n in p ca T nn
UraD4 > 0 ( UraD6 = 0. Tr s iu chnh dng t phc hi gi tr qu ti trc
, tc l ch ngn mch s cho php tng dng roto cao hn nh mc.
in p dng trn u ra D4 din ra cho n khi in p u ra D7 tng n tr
s xc nh qua R55 lm gim u ra D4 n C v duy tr gi tr ny. Khi
in p dng c phc hi.
5.3.10. Khi hn ch kch thch cc tiu OMB/A13 :

Khi OMB dng hn ch cng sut khng do my pht ly t mng
in tr s cho php, ty thuc vo cng sut thc, bng cch hn ch dng
kch thch cc tiu ca my pht ch km kch thch.
u vo khi ny gm:
- in p pha B ca stator my pht.
- Dng in pha B ca stator my pht.
- Tn hiu dng cng sut khng t khi dng khng.
- Tn hiu o hm dng rotor t khi dng in.
u ra khi hn ch dng kch thch cc tiu a ti u vo khi in p, v i
bo tn hiu thng qua r le trung gian. Khi my pht nhn cng sut khng t
li gi tr nh hn cho php th khi ny khng nh hng n dng kch
thch my pht.
5.3.10.1. Thnh phn OMB
Thit b o thnh phn thc: gm D1, kho V13, chnh lu nhy pha D4,
tch phn D6 v b nh tc ng nhanh (C26, V24, V26, A7).
Cc b so snh D3 v D5 iu khin kha V24 ca b nh v kha V22
ca b pht dao ng phi tuyn.
79
B to nghing c tnh: gm b so snh in p D2 ni theo s diode

l tng, b khuch i tng D2.
Thit b tn hiu OMB gm D9, K1 v n H1
Kha chuyn mch S1 "KQ"
* Thit b o thnh phn thc
S lm vic ca thit b o thnh phn thc ging nhau nh o thnh phn
khng (m t khi dng phn khng PT1).
S khc nhau l khi OMB ly in p pha B cn PT1 ly in p AC.
in p trn u ra D7 t l vi dng in p B
* Bin tr R62 dng t sao cho khi u vo OMB bng O, in p u ra
D7 = 0. thc hin iu ny khi chnh cng sut my pht, ta ni X2 xung
im O ca ngun.
* Bin tr R15 dng t dng stato my pht, t (0,5 1) I m v cos = 1,
in p u ra D7 tng ng t 0,5 1 khong in p ca khuch i D7.
Thnh phn khng v thc cng trn u o D8.
in p t l vi thnh phn khng ly t PT1 qua (R60)
in p t l vi thnh phn thc: u ra D7
Qua R55, R57 hoc R80 ph thuc vo gi tr ca dng thc, trn u vo D2,
so snh in p cc tnh dng ly t D8 vi in p cc tnh m ly t bin tr
R2. u ra D2 l u ra ca OMB c a n H.
* Khi my pht khng kch thch hoc kch thch ban u, loi tr tc ng
sai ca OMB bng b kha V40 (transistor trng ).
Khi kch thch my pht tiu th cng sut khng t li khng qua tr s cho
php, u vo D2 c cc tnh m, u ra D2 = 0. Khi OMB khng nh hng
n dng kch thch.
Nu my tiu th cng sut khng t li vt qu tr s cho php, in p m
trn u vo D8, lm cho u vo D2 c cc tnh dng. UraD2 m. in p
ny qua kha S1 "KQ" a n u vo H, lm tng tr s t tng, kt qu l
lm tng kch t, gim cng sut tiu th t li.
Khi OMB lm vic UraD2 < 0. Trn u ra D9 s c in p dng qua n p
V35 lm V37 m, K1 tc ng, tip im (3-4)K1 lm H1 sng, bo hiu OBM
lm vic, ng thi tip im (2-3)K1 a qua r le K7/P bo tn hiu ra
ngoi bng c hiu (KH34/GCE5) ca h thng kch t.
Khi OMB lm vic, dng kch t c tng ln cho n khi u vo D2 gim
n 0. Khi cng sut khng tiu th gim, in p vo D4 dng.
Khi ti thc bng 0, in p u ra D8 t l dng khng, trng hp ny OMB
lm vic ch gii hn dng kch t nh nht tiu th cng sut khng cho
php l ln nht.
Khi tng ti thc, OMB s lm vic gim tiu th cng sut khng.
80
nghing c tnh on 1, c xc nh bi R65 l khng thay i, n c

la chn khi hiu chnh OMB.
nghing on 1, 3 c th thay i bi R92, R93.
im gy ca c tnh, gia on 2, 3, thay i bi R73, R77.
R73 chnh im gii hn lm vic ca on 2, im A t to A1.
Chnh R73 sao cho in p trn n bng in p trn V31 v khi H1 sng.
Gim in p trn u vo 26A (nh hn 4V) nhn c ta A2 ca A (khi
H1 tt)
Bin tr R92 xc nh nghing ca on 2. t R92 ti v tr sao cho cng
sut thc im B1, cng sut khng tng ng lm n H1 tt.
R77 t im gy ca c tnh on 3, im B.
R77 t sao cho in p trn n bng in p trn V32 v lm sng n H1.
Gim in p trn 26A nhn c to B2 im B (khi H1 tt)
R93 t nghing on 3
R93 t sao cho khi in p vo 26A = 0 v in p trn 27A = 10V lm n H1
tt.
Trn u vo o D8 t 25A qua R97 l tn hiu I' E t T, tng n nh ca
h thng t ng khi OMB lm vic.
Kha S1 dng tch OMB ra (v tr O) v cc v tr khc dng thay i
h s truyn t theo OMB a vo H.
P
PN
B1
U27A
V
1
10
0.8
0.6
P
PN
A1
A
Q
QN
U26A
V
1
A 2 B2
-0.4 -0.2
-4
-2
0.4
0.2
B1
B
2
A1
A
Q
QN 1
U26A
V
D 1
A 2 B2
-0.4 -0.2
-4
U27A
V
-2
10
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
81
Hnh 5-11-1 :c tuyn khi OMB
5.3.11. Khi tn s v bo v - 3 /A14:

Khi 3 dng to tn hiu t l vi lch tn s f = fMF- fMFm, to o
hm f' a vo khi khuch i Y, nhm to s n nh trong h thng cc
ch qu .
Phn bo v thc hin vic ct f v f' khi tng ng thi in p my pht v
tn s cao hn mt gi tr nh trc, cng nh khi tng in p hoc tn s cao
hn gi tr cho trc.
5.3.11.1. Thnh phn ca khi 3
5.3.11.1.1. Thit b tn s
B lc tn hiu vo (R1 R4, C3, C4)
B so snh D1
Cc b vi phn
attrit xung ng b
Mch pht dao ng (tch phn D3)
Thit b iu khin b tch phn D6
Cc b khuch i lch tn s v o hm bc nht tn s D8 D13
5.3.11.1.2. Thit b bo v
B so snh in p D2, D10
S logic AND D5
Rle K
5.3.11.2.1. Thit b tn s
a.
B lc v so snh
82
in p my pht pha AB qua bin p o lng n bin p trung gian T11, qua
b lc gm R1 R4, C3, C4 n D1, kt qu l u ra D1c tn hiu xung ch
nht.
Phn cc tnh dng c a qua V7 v c n p bi V8. ng thi u ra
a n attrit xung ng b D4 v a n D6 to xung iu khin b tch
phn D3.
b.
B tch phn D3
A3 c iu khin bi V16 v V32

1/2 chu k m ca in p U10D1>0 lm U10D6 c gi tr dng, lm V32
m, V16 tt, D3 ch tch phn o, U10D3 < 0 v tng theo thi gian ph
thuc vo R23, C18.
1/2 chu k dng ca in p, V32 tt, V16 m, C18 c phng in,
U10D3 = 0
Nh vy, tn hiu u ra D3 l in p rng ca cc tnh m. Chu k ca in
p my pht c bin i thnh in p t l vi n.
c.
Thit b nh D7, C29 v V27
in p u ra D3 c truyn vo b nh C29, thng qua kho V27. Ti u

vo khng o D4 qua b vi phn (C13, R22) D4 1 xung ngn cc tnh m.
Xung ny lm tt V18, lm m V27, lc ny thng tin u ra A3 truyn vo b
nh.
Do tnh cht ng b ca xung u vo D4, D6 vi in p my pht m khi
thng tin truyn vo b nh th V16 m, ni tt t C18.
Vic x l thng tin truyn vo b nh din ra mt ln trong mt chu k in p
my pht.
d.
B so snh khuch i lch tn s my pht
Tn s my pht c so snh vi mt tr s dt trc f m, trn R53 c tr s

dng. Ty thuc vo tn s my pht m ti cc cng V29 s xut hin hiu
in th c gi tr:
= 0 khi fMF = fm
> 0 khi fMF> fm
< 0 khi fMF < fm
V29 lm vic theo s lp li nn in th ti cc ngun bng in p ti cc
cng.
* Khi fm < fn Ura D7 > 0 v bng in p Ura D3, vo thi im truyn thng
tin vo t C29. Sau in p u ra D7 vn gi khng i v V29 c cng
cch ly.
Gi tr ny c gi khng i cho n ln tt V18, m V27 tip theo. Khi Ura
D7 > 0 cc u ra D8, D10, D11, D12 s dng cn D9, D13 m. Kt qu
ngc li khi fm > fn.
in p u ra A8 l in p t l vi lch tn s my pht v tn s fn. R28
chnh nh h s truyn ca knh lch tn s f.
83
u ra D8 a n D12 v D9 khuch i v lc a vo Y. Kha S2

chnh h s khuch i ca AVM theo knh f.
e.
B vi phn to f'
lch tn s c a n b vi phn C47, R101, R102, D11 c o du

D13 a n Y qua kho S1, Kf', chnh h s khuch i ca AVM theo
knh f'.
5.3.11.2.2. Thit b bo v
Dng ni tt cc u ra f, f' trong cc ch khng bnh thng ca my
pht.
Bo v khi tng ng thi in p v tn s
Bo v ny xy ra trong trng hp ct ti
u vo o D2 cp vo in p t l vi in p my pht, t bin in p qua
cc bin p trung gian T1, T2, T3 v chnh lu bng V1 V6. in p ny so
snh vi in p trn R11. R11 c chnh nh sao cho khi Umf 110V. U raD2
chuyn t dng sang m.
Nu tn s my pht cng tng ng thi vi in p U raD13 m xung, khi tc
tng dn ln, tr s m D13 lm cho tng cc in p t vo u
o ca D5 m, UraD5 dng, V30 m, K1 tc ng, ni tt ng ra f', f.
Bo v khi tng tn s
Tn s ny c chnh khong 52 53Hz. UraD8 > 0 lm UraD10 < 0 lm D5

chuyn t m sang dng lm rle K1 tc ng.
Bo v khi tng cao in p my pht
c chnh khong 120 125V. in p trn R9 khi ln nh thng V24,

V25 K1 tc ng
84
U
V
D7
2.5
2
2
1.5
0.5
49
50
f
Hz
51
-0.5
2
1. U
2. U
-1
-1.5
D13
D9
= f(f)
= f(f)
Hnh 5-12-1: S ph thuc ca in p ra vo tn s
5.3.11.3. Khi iu chnh tr s t - YH/A16 :

Khi YH dng phi hp vi YH: lm thay i tr s t in p
my pht, khi ha chnh xc, ha t ng b, hoc khi chuyn kch thch t b
AVN sang b AVM. y ta ch xt qu trnh khi ha ng b chnh xc.
5.3.11.4. Thnh phn YH
1.
B so snh in p li v my pht khi ha chnh xc D2
2.
B khuch i lch in p D1
3.
Cc r le in t v bn dn thc hin qu trnh

5.3.11.5.1. Khi ha chnh xc
Khi c lnh ha, tip im rle K49 ng rle K2, K3 ca YH. Rle K3 ng
ngun 12,6V cho cc phn t trong khi YH.
in p my pht ly t bin in p qua T12 v cc diode V1, V3
in p li ly t bin in p qua T10 v cc diode V2, V4
Cc in p ny c a vo D2 to ra Ur UC. Hiu s ny c th c iu
chnh bi bin tr R11.
Qua tip im rle K2(3-2), hiu s UR UC c a n khi YH thay
85
i tr s t.
ng thi tip im rle K4(5-4) ct UK khi khi K khi UR UC = 0 thay
i tr s t chm dt.
Lnh ha chm dt khi my pht c ng vo li
5.3.11.5.2. Khi chuyn t AVN AVM
Khi b AVN lm vic, theo tip im K18(10-14), lm rle K1 c in.
U c a vo D3. ng thi in th ti cc C ca V13 m, lm V22, V27,
V28 m, rle K5 c in, tip im rle K5 a n thay i tr s t, v ni
tt u ra b iu chnh AVM.
Nh vy khi b AVN lm vic, b iu chnh AVM vn nhn bit v thay i
thng xuyn tr s t. Khi chuyn sang AVM, lnh ny c xa.
- Lc ny iu chnh Q bng kha iu khin.
UMF
UL
H(U)
AVN ang lm vic
Khi ct AVM
YH
YH
B ho MF
Ni t
AVM
Np gi tr Q
cho H
5.3.12. Khi cng hnh - /A12:

Khi dng kha lin ng s iu chnh gim kch t theo o hm bc
nht in p my pht vo thi im ct ngn mch.
u vo khi cng hnh l lch in p t khi in p, khi c ngn
mch trong li, lch in p c gi tr m ln vt gi tr t th u ra ca
n c gi tr mt in p (-) khng i, in p ny a ti khi khuych i v
i cng hnh kch thch my pht.
Sau khi ct ngn mch v phc hi in p n 0,98 tr s t in p,
cng hnh kch thch c ct vi thi gian duy tr khong 0,2s qui nh bi
hng s thi gian do t in v in tr trong mch.
Trong mch c 2 kho:
S1 (KE): c 10 v tr tng ng vi tng cp in p (+) a vo D1
(thng v tr 0.85); mi nc ca S1 l 0,01Um.
S2 (KUE): dng thay i h s hi tip theo in p rotor my pht.
5.3.12.1. Thnh phn
B so snh in p D1
Thit b duy tr ct cng hnh (R12, R13, R23, C3, V8, D2)
Chuyn mch S1 (KE) thay i tr s khi ng.
86
5.3.12.2. Nguyn l hot ng :

Ti u vo o D1 a n:
in p t khi ng rle (in p phn cc)
c th thay i nh S1
-
lch in p my pht U
ch bnh thng my pht U = 0 U4D1 >0 UraD1<0 U4D2 <0

(in p t R16) U10D2 > 0 U16A = 0
Khi ngn mch trong li U < 0: gi tr ny vt qu tr s t. Lc ny U16A
< 0 v khng i gi tr ny a n Y v to tn hiu cng hnh kch thch
Sau khi ct ngn mch v phc hi in p my pht n 0,98 tr s t in p,
cng hnh kch thch c ct, thi gian duy tr khong 0,2s (R23, C3).
Kha S1: thay i tr s khi ng trong gii hn t 0,8 0,9 Um theo tng cp
0,01Um.
H s tr v ca rle cng hnh l 0,98.
0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.880.9
-1
-2
-3
-4
U5A
V
Hnh 5-14 - Khi cng hnh
5.3.13. Khi kim tra K/A15:

Khi K dng kim tra s h hng ca b iu chnh t ng AVM
thc hin kim tra, da trn cc yu t: in p u ra AVM v du tng
ng ca UC v UA.
Nu UC 0, UA = 0 th AVM h hng.
Nu UC cng du vi UA th AVM cng h hng
87
Tn hiu U/ H v u ra ca AVM l U50/ Y so snh s p ng ca

AVM khi Umf v Uli lch nhau.
Nu c p ng ca AVM th rle K1 tc ng K1(1-2) m, K1(2-3) ng
n xanh H1 sng; ngc li n H2 sng v bo h hng AVM trong thi
gian khong 1s.
Khi cha ha li, khi K khng kim tra s lm vic ca AVM do rle K4
trong khi YH ct tn hiu U vo K bng tip im K4(4-5) m. V khi ha
li U rt ln & tc p ng ca AVM ang trong giai on iu chnh
cho iu kin ha m thi gian tc ng ca K < 1s nn s bo tn hiu h
hng AVM, nhng thc s AVM khng h hng. Do tip im thng ng
K4 (4-5) s loi tr iu ny.
U50 0
U 0
n xanh H1 sng AVM bnh thng

U50 0
U = 0
U50 = 0
U 0
n H2 sng AVM h hng
- Tt 0.8 s
- nhy khi U50 = 0 vo U -0.5V -> bo h hng AVM.
Khi khng bo h hng AVM khi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chuyn ngun, s dng ngun d phng

U = 0
Cc i lng f, f . . . ca khi Y thay i
Tn hiu cm cng hnh t khi OP (kha u vo D4).
5.3.13.1. Thnh phn K:
B khuch i D1
Cc phn t logic D2 (AND), D3 (NAND)
B so snh (khuch i D4 vi hi tip dng).
Tch phn D5
Rle K1
5.3.13.2. Nguyn l hot ng:

u ra UC t H n K qua YH (tip im K4 ca YH) lin ng
trong trng hp ha t ng b.
88
u ra D1 ni vi D2, D3
in p UA n: u o D2 (+)
u khng o D3 (-)
u ra D2 v D3 ni n u o D4. y in p dng c so snh vi
phn cc m (t R43).
in p ra D4 ni vi b tch phn D5. Khi UraD5 >0 V14, V16 kha, K1 ct
(H2 sng, bo AVM h hng). Khi UraD5 <0 K1 ng (H1 sng, bo AVM tt).
ng thi tip im K1(4-5) a n r le K3 khi P, a ra bng in
bo h hng v ct AVM, ni tt u ra AVM.
* Khu in p ng vo K bng 0 - UC = 0, UA = 0, U4D2, U4D3 = 0, D2, D3 hnh
thnh s diode l tng: phn cc dng chn sao cho khi UC;
UA = 0
th UraD2, UraD3 = 0 khi U10D4 >0, U10D5 <0 V14, V16 m. K1 ng,
H1 sng bo AVM tt.
* Nu my pht c kch thch bnh thng, AVM tt, th khi: U >0,
<0, U10D1 < 0, UraD2 < 0, UraD3 = 0. UraD4 > 0, UraD5 < 0,
UA
H1 sng bo AVM tt
Hoc khi U < 0, UA > 0, UraD2 = 0, UraD3 < 0 nn UraD4 > 0, UraD5 < 0, H1
sng bo AVM tt.
* Nu AVM h hng:
Ng vo: UC 0, cn UC = 0. khi UC> 0
UraD1 < 0, UraD2 < 0, UraD3 > 0. khi UC < 0
UraD1 > 0, UraD2 > 0, UraD3 < 0.
in p dng ti u ra D2 hoc D3 lm thay i cc tnh D4 t dng sang
m. UraD5 > 0 v tng ln n khi nh thng V13, V16 ct, K1 ct. H2 sng
bo AVM h hng.
Trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng , in p m t khi in p
H /A3 vo qua in tr R40, san bng in p dng ly t R42. Nu ko H
ra khi ngn t, in p dng t R42 a vo D4, dn n bo AVM h hng.
* Trong ch qu ti roto, tn hiu m t khi hn ch dng rotor OP/A7
qua V8 v R36, to ng ra D5 in p m, Bo AVM tt.
Khi h hng t hoc P (ngn mch cc ng ra)
Ngun cung cp cho K3 P ly t ngun n nh, khng lin h vi cc ng
ra , P, nn K s bo h hng AVM.
5.3.14. Khi rle trung gian P/A18:
Khi P dng cch ly v in cc mch tn hiu ca AVM, vi cc mch
in p thao tc 220 ca h thng rle.
Cc tn hiu a ra ngoi t qu trnh x l ca AVM l:
89
- Bo h hng AVM.
- Bo tn hiu sang bng in p my pht v in p li a ti b ha
ng b chnh xc.
- Bo qu ti rotor khi 1,1Im.
- Bo qu nhit rotor.
- Bo khi hn ch dng rotor 2Im lm vic.
- Bo gii hn dng kch thch cc tiu lm vic.
Trong P c 7 rle
- K1, K3: bo hiu s lm vic ca AVM tt hoc h hng Lin h vi
K v Y
- K2: Lin h vi YH, kt thc qu trnh iu chnh tr s t (K4)
- K4: Lin h vi OP; khi qu nhit, K3 (2-3)
- K5: Lin h vi , khi qu ti K1 (5-6)
- K6: Lin h vi OP hn ch qu ti OP, (2-3)
- K7: Lin h vi OBM hn ch kch thch cc tiu K1 (2-3)
Cc rle c cung cp ngun 27V, ngun ny c ly t mch 45V Khi
ngun chnh hoc khi ngun d phng P qua b n p t 45V 27V
5.4.
BO V H THNG AVM:
H thng AVM c ct ra trong cc trng hp sau::
- Bt ptmt SF1 trong t TV11 ( 5m).
- Bt ng thi 2 ptmt ngun chnh SF7 v SF8 / GCE5.
- Cng hnh kch t ko di 60s, I = 2IRm.
- Qu ti rotor ko di 10 pht, I = 1,1IRm.
- Qu dng cng hnh I > 2IRm.
- Qu in p kch thch (kh t bng rle K20 v K21), U >1,15U m lc
cha ng MC 13,8kV.
- H hng bn trong khi AVM.
S khi s c ct AVM nh hnh 5-17.
90
5.5.
PHNG PHP HIU CHNH CC KHI CA AVM:
Kim tra AVM

- c tin hnh bn th nghim
- Vic kim tra cc khi v
tin hnh khi ko tt c cc khi ra khi ngn
ca AVM.
- Trnh t kim tra v hiu chnh cc khi AVM cn phi thc hin theo ng th
t cc mc di y :
5.5.1. Kim tra khi ngun
1/ Tho tt c cc khi tr ra khi ngn AVM
2/ Trn u ra ca (cc im o +12V, -12V) ni bin tr 95; 2,1A.
3/ Kim tra in p ngun 12,6V khi ti bng 0,5A. Tr s in p ra khong
bng 25,2V (chnh bng R16) v i xng xo vi im khng.
4/ Kim tra ngun 6,5V khi ni ti 1K vo ngun ny. Tr s o c khong
6 6,5V
5/ Kim tra in p gia 4a, 7b. in p ny khong 45V.
6/ Kim tra bo v qu ti :
Tr s bo v : Iti max = 1,0 1,2A
Khi Rti = 0 th Iti < 0,4A
7/ Kim tra s lm vic ca mch n p :
Khi thay i U ngun t 300 n 450V vi dng ti Iti = 0,5A, in p ra thay
i vi Ura < 0,1V.
8/ Kim tra bo v in p ngun tng cao :
Tr s bo v tc ng : U ngun max = 570V (chnh bng V35)
o tr s bo v tr v.
91
9/ Kim tra bo v in p ra tng cao :

iu chnh in p ra bng R16.
Tr s bo v tc ng khong 30V (chnh bng R49 hoc R50)
10/ Chnh in p ra bng 25,2V nh R16.
5.5.2. Kim tra khi
1/ Tt c cc khi, tr v , tho ra khi ngn AVM.

2/ Trn u ra ca (cc im o +12V, -12V) ni bin tr 95V, 2,1A.
3/ Cp ngun mt chiu 220V cho AVM.t Iti = 0,4V
o in p ra khi ngun (khong 24 0,2V, chnh bng R26)
o in p 12,6V so vi 0.
o in p 6,5V so vi 0. (khong 6,0 6,5V)
4/ Ly c tnh ti Ura = f (Iti)
5/ Kim tra bo v qu ti :
Tr s bo v Iti max = 0,7 0,8A
Khi Rti = 0 th Iti < 0,3A
6/ Kim tra s chuyn mch ngun t sang v ngc li.
5.5.3. Kim tra khi
1/ Chnh khng khi
.
- Ni ti 820 vo u ra Y (1:X21 v 2:X21)
- Tho tt c cc khi tr , , .
- Ni 5A, 6A, 7A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A n 1A (im 0)
- o in p ra vi tiu chun UA 0,25V
- o gn sng nh - nh ca in p ra vi tiu chun <200mV
2/ Ly c tnh UAVM = f (U vo)
U vo : in p a vo u vo X2 ca .
Tnh h s truyn ca theo u vo X2.
3/ Tnh h s truyn theo cc knh u vo U, U, IE, U, f, f.
4/ Th lin ng AVM
Th mch tc ng K1, K2/. Khi u ra b ni tt.
92
5.5.4. Kim tra khi

1/ o thi gian tr s t chuyn t cc i n cc tiu bng nt thay i tr s
t .
Thi gian ny khong 50 60s, c iu chnh bng in tr R28.
2/ o tr s t in p khi sng n MAX v MIN (khong 10 0,3V)
3/ Cp ngun mt chiu bn ngoi vo 17A/. o tr s in p mt chiu
ny khi bt u lm vic mch thay i tr s t v relay K2/ lm vic. Tr
s in p mt chiu o c khong 0,5V.
5.5.5. Kim tra khi
1/ Kim tra knh tc ng nhanh :
- Cp in p my pht t 30 130V
- o in p ra b cp cc ngun V22, V23, V24 vi chnh lch khng qu
2% v khong bng u ra D3.
2/ Kim tra phm vi iu chnh : KU = 50
t Uo = 0 , UMP = 95V, kim tra U = 0 (chnh bng R11)
t Uo = MAX, UMP = 110V, kim tra U = 0 (chnh bng R16)
t Uo = MIN, UMP = 80V, kim tra U = 0 (chnh bng R16)
3/ Lt c tnh U = f (UMP)
Tnh h s truyn khi UMP t 90 100V, khong 0,4 0,02V/v (chnh bng
R76)
4/ Kim tra knh U
- Kim tra h s truyn ca D11, khong bng 1 0,05V/v.
- Kim tra kho chuyn mch S1 U.
5/ Kim tra kho chuyn mch S2
- Cp ngun mt chiu bn ngoi vo 4A/H qua in tr bng R69/PT1.
- Cp UMP sao cho U = 0.
- t S2 =10, iu chnh ngun cp ngoi U =
- Kim tra cc v tr khc ca kho S2 : U = f (S2)
93
5.5.6. Kim tra

1/ Cp UMP v Istato = IQ
2/ Kim tra tr s tc ng, tr v ca relay K2 khi thay i UMP
UMPt < UMPtv <50V
3/ Chnh khng PT1 :
Ni tt u vo X2 vi 0
o UD6 = 0 (Chnh bng R56)
4/ Cp Istato = Im = 3,07A, in p ra D6 phi bng 10V (chnh bng R71)
5/ Kim tra mch gim Q :
Cp Istato Q , ni tt 5 : X21 v 14: X21. Kim ng h ca thang o Uo s di
chuyn sang phi khi Istato c tnh cm v sang tri khi Istato c tnh chung.
6/ Kim tra dng sng tn hiu ca cc phn t trong PT1.
5.5.7. Kim tra
1/ Kim tra khng u ra D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 khi khng cp Istato in p ra D3,
D4 khng vt qu 0,2V
2/ Kim tra b bin i dng stato :
Cp Istato = 3,07A, kim tra in p ra D2 : UD2 = 5V v ng h khi
thang o I
3/ Cp ngun ngoi mt chiu vo u vo X/T, iu chnh ngun ngoi UD1
= -5V. Kim tra in p u ra D3, D4 vi tiu chun UD3 = + (5 0,1)V, UD4 = (5 0,1)V
4/ Kim tra knh IE :
- Kim tra tr s truyn D5 t im gia R47 v C13 vi tiu chun 3,9
0,1V/V
- Kim tra khi UD5 = 5V v kho KIE v tr 10 th in p ra knh IE (U22A)
khong 2,9 0,1V
- Kim tra s lm vic ca kho KIE
- Kim tra s lm vic ca mch vi phn C13, R47, D5 ti u ra AVM ng vi
mi v tr ca KIE
94
5/ Kim tra tr s chuyn mch sang m hoc v khng ca D6, D7 ng vi dng

rto (in p ra D1)
Tr s chuyn mch D6, D7 c iu chnh bng R50, R57 tng ng.
5.5.8. Kim tra
1- Hiu chnh relay K1 : o tr s tc ng v tr v vi tiu chun I E t = -5,5V
(chnh bng R5). Khi K1 tc ng phi sng n I>IN.
2- Kim tra hot ng ca m hnh nhit.
- Kim tra bin sng in p rng ca X2 vi tiu chun 8 10V (chnh
bng R36) trong qu trnh nung nng (K1 tc ng)
- Kim tra in p ti X3 khi sng n tO max khi OP vi tiu chun UX3 =
10V (tc ng relay K3 khi OP).
- Kim tra s chu k tch phn khi nung nng vi tiu chun N = 100 (chnh bng
R92).
- Kim tra gin lm vic (dng sng) cc phn t trong m hnh nhit.
3- Ly c tuyn thi gian : t = f (IE) theo bng 1 :
Bng 1 : c tuyn thi gian khi .
"IE"(V)
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
t(s)
960
157
110
88
69
50
37
4- Ly c tuyn ca D3, D9, D10 : UD3, D9, D10 = f (IE) theo bng 2 :
Bng 2 : c tuyn lm vic b khuch i D3, D10, D9.
"IE"(V)
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
UD3(V)
1,4
11,80
11,80
11,80
11,80
11,80
11,80
UD10(V)
-0,3
-0,3
0,6
1,02
1,7
2,7
3,69
4,76
UD9(V)
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,47
-0,44
0,91
5- o thi gian ngui : Khong 15 n 30 pht (chnh bng R18)
5.5.9. Kim tra khi

95
1- Cp ngun mt chiu bn ngoi vo T to IE.

Ni tt X3 , X4 ca loi tr nh hng ca .
2- Kim tra mch hn ch hai ln dng roto.
- Kim tra mch gii hn tnh :
Tch V39 .
Khi IE = -9,5V bng R70 khi
t in p ra AVM khong -3,8V.
Khi bt u lm vic s hn ch (bt u thay i UAVM v in p ra D8
chuyn t dng sang m), th IB khong -9,2V.
- Kim tra mch gii hn phi tnh :
Ni V39, tch R87 v R89.
Khi IE = -9,5V, in p ra AVM phi c hn ch tr s khong -3,8V.
S hn ch bt u lm vic khi IE khong -7,5V.
- Khi lm vic c 2 mch gii hn :
Ni R87, R89.
Khi IE = -9,5V, kim tra in p ra AVM khong -3,8V
Relay K2 tc ng khi IE khong 9,5 n 9,8V.
3- Kim tra hn ch dng rotor nh mc.
- To gi lnh hn ch dng rotor nh mc.
- Kim tra mch gii hn :
Khi IE = -5V, in p ra AVM phi trong khong -2V.
Mch gii hn bt u lm vic khi IE khong -4,5V.
4- Kim tra mch hn ch dng rotor khi qu nhit :
- Tho ni tt gia X3, X4/.
- To tn hiu qu nhit rotor (u ra vi mch D6 chuyn sang dng).
- Kim tra tng t mc 3.
5- Kim tra phn logic ca s :
a. Khi IE= -(6 10)V bt u lm vic m hnh nhit khi , in p trn
hng kp 17A khi tng v khi in p U17A (hoc UX3/)
tc ng b xc nh qu nhit khi th :
- Chuyn sang "-" cc vi mch D1, D2, D3 .
96
- Chuyn sang "+" D6.

- Tc ng rle K1, K2, K3.
- Sng n tO max, "LIM IE".
- Trn u ra D5 t u tng in p dng, tc ng i gim tr s t khi
.
b. Khi gim IE n tr s t tc ng sang "-" (0,97 IEm )
D6/
, xy ra :
- Chuyn sang "+" D1.
- Ct K1.
Ngng thay i tr s t .
c. Khi gim tip tc IE n tr s t tc ng chuyn sang "-"(0,9IEm).
D6/ khi s ng rle K1 v in p u ra D5 bt u gim n
0, tc ng i tng tr s t (tr v tr s t ban u).
d. Khi IE<5V xy ra s gim in p U17A (hot ng s ngui dn khi
), khi khi xy ra :
- Khi U17A = 0,43 V (khong 0,5 V - chnh bng R25) chuyn sang "+"D2, ct
rle K3v n tO max.
- Khi U17A = 0,5 V (khong 0,5 V - chn bng R43) chuyn sang "+"D3,
chuyn sang "-" D6, ct s lm vic s hn ch dng roto nh mc.
e. Cho php cng hnh lp li khi ngn mch:
trng thi theo mc a), kim tra chuyn sang m D6 v loi b lnh cm cng
hnh trong khong thi gian (0.5 1)s (chnh bng C22).
-Khi ct in p UMP (sao cho to ra tn hiu cng hnh trn u ra
).
-Khi to gi ngn mch bng cch a in p +10V n im chung ca R8, R10,
C2/.
5.5.10. Kim tra OMB

1- Kim tra n p V1 :
o in p my pht lc V1 i vo ch n p (khong bng 80 90V)
2- Chnh khng b bin i cng sut P.
Cp in p my pht
97
Ni X2-X3
Kim tra in p ra D7 : UD7=0 (chnh bng R62)
3- Chnh thang b bin i cng sut P :
Cp in p my pht nh mc cp Istator=IPm= 3,07A. in p ra D7 v ng h
thang o phi khong -10V (chnh bng R15)
4- Kim tra gin lm vic (dng sng) cc phn t trong BB cng sut P.
5- Ly c tuyn OMB.
Tch R43, cp ngun mt chiu bn ngoi vo X5.
Cp in p my pht
Cp Istator = IQ = IC
Ly c tuyn IQ = f(Ip) khi OMB tc ng (tc ng rle K1 v sng n - Qmax)
ng vi UMP=0,9 UMPm; 1,0 UMPm+; 1,1 UMPm chnh c tuyn bng R2, R73, R77,
R92, R93 tng ng vi bng 3.
Bng 3 : c tuyn OMB .
"Ip"(V)
UMP=U
"IQ"(V)
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-3,4
-3,4
-3,3
-3,2
-3,15
-3,1
-3,05
-3
-2,75
-2,1
MPm
6- Kim tra h s truyn ca khi theo dng IC.

t kho - KQ v tr 10; cp in p my pht nh mc.
Cp dng stator my pht thun dung I stator = IQ= IC ; IP=0. Ly c tuyn in p
ra OMB U5A theo dng rotor ; U5A=f(IQ)
Tnh h s truyn ca khi theo dng IC.
7- Kim tra kho - KQ
8- Kim tra tc ng ca OMB ln H :
9- Ti lp s
5.5.11. Kim tra khi
1- Kim tra gin lm vic (dng sng) cc phn t ca b bin i tn s.
2- Chnh khng b bin i tn s :
Khi f= 50Hz th UD8=UD9=0
Chnh khng D8 bng R53, D9 bng R146.
98
o in p u ra D13.
3- Lp c tuyn in p ra D8 theo tn s : UD8=f(f)
Tnh h s truyn ca b bin i tn s khi f=50Hz. H s truyn khong
K=1V/Hz (chnh bng R98)
4- Kim tra knh f v f :
Xc nh h s truyn ca knh f v f (h s truyn ca D12, D9 v D11, D13
khi cc kho Kf v Kf v tr 10).
Kim tra t C46, C47.
Kim tra s lm vic ca kho Kf v Kf.
5- Kim tra mch kho :
Kim tra u ra D2 chuyn sang m khi UMP tng cao n khong 110V.
Kim tra relay K1 tc ng theo cc mch :
- Ct rle K14
- Tng cao in p my pht n khong 125V (chnh bng R9, V24, V25)
- u ra D2 chuyn sang m v tn s tng cao n khong 53 54Hz (chnh
bng bin tr R36)
- u ra D2 chuyn sang m v in p ra D12 khong -1,3 1,5V (chnh bng
bin tr R56)
5.5.12. Kim tra khi
1- Kim tra mch ha ng b chnh xc :
a. Ni mch 28A vi -12,6 V to gi lnh ha ng b chnh xc.
b. Cp in p my pht v li : UMP = UL =100V.
c. Kim tra in p u ra vi mch D2 : UD2 = 0 (chnh bng R11). Khi rle
K4 tr v, cn rle K2 ca tc ng (vng kt thc iu chnh tr s t ).
d. Kim tra sai bit U = UMP - UL khi bt u i vo vng kt thc iu
chnh tr s t (K4 tr v, K2 ca tc ng) v khi bt u i ra khi vng
kt thc iu chnh tr s t ( K4 tc ng, rle K2 ca tr v ) ng vi
hai trng hp UMP > UL v UMP < UL theo tiu chun :
Bt u vo vng kt thc
Bt u ra khi vng kt
iu chnh tr s t
thc iu chnh tr s t
99
Sai bit
UMP < UL
0,5
1,0
U = UMP - UL (V)
UMP > UL
0,5
1,0
2- Kim tra mch theo di AVN khi ct AVM.

a. Ni mch 5A vi in p -12,6V to gi lnh ct AVM.
b. Thay i UMF, o tr s U khi tn hiu Uo bt u thay i. Tr s ny
khong +0,2V (chnh bng R1).
5.5.13. Kim tra khi
1- Kim tra s tc ng ca mch cng hnh khi gim thp in p my pht ng
vi mi v tr ca kha KE.
2- Kim tra thi gian tr ca mch tr v trng thi ban u khi tng in p my
pht (khong 100ms, chnh bng t C3)
5.5.14. Kim tra khi K
1- Kim tra s hon ho mch tn hiu K/A15.
2- thi gian duy tr bo h hng (khong 0,8s)
3- nhy ca khi theo knh U (khong 0,5V)
4- Kim tra n HG sng khi :
- Thay i UA t -20 +20V, con ni SX1/H/A3 tho v U=0
- Khi thay i U trong ton gii hn c th v ni SX1/H /A3
- Khi chuyn ngun t /A1 sang
/A11.
5- Kim tra mch kho K/A15 khi :
- Khi OP/A7 lm vic .
- Khi ni 17A/ K/A15 vi -12,6V
5.5.15. Kim tra khi
- Kim tra c kh relay
- Kim tra in p ngun vi tiu chun Uob-9a= 27 28V
- Th lin ng vi tn hiu tc ng cc khi , ,
, , .
100
Phc trnh tp s
____________________________
Chng 6
KHI IU KHIN D PHNG AVN
CHNG 6
101
Phc trnh tp s
6.1.
_________________________
Chng 6
CHC NNG
B AVN l b iu chnh in p my pht d phng, dng iu chnh
bng tay t xa b chnh lu thyristor. AVN c a vo lm vic khi h hng
b iu chnh chnh AVM.
Theo lnh ng kch t AVN tc ng nng in p my pht ln nh mc
Tham gia iu chnh in p ca h thng khi my pht trong li.
Khi ct ti AVN t tr s cc tiu loi tr Ustato tng vt
Cc ch lm vic: Ty thuc vo AVM ng hay ct m AVN 2 ch
theo di hoc iu khin
S khi AVN c v trn hnh 14
Trong :
- T2: atrit in p stator: nhn ngun t bin p TV12 qua SF3, T2 gim
p a vo BM.
- BM: B chnh lu v lc: in p ra ca BM khong 13 14V khi UP =
UFm.
- H2: Ngun n p: H2 nhn ngun 15V t -2, n nh 12,5V
cung cp cho cc ngn K v P.
- K: B nh: K nhn tn hiu in p my pht t T2, in p ra AVM
(U50) v mch hi tip (U8) t ngn P. ng thi K nhn cc lnh logic
t K18, K45, K46, K14 xc nh ch lm vic ca AVN.
- P: Ngn iu khin: so snh, khuch i, to in p ra ca AVN (U42).
Tr s ny c a n Y-2 ca AV1, AV2 trong ch iu khin H
thng kch t bng AVN. ng thi ngn P xc nh phm vi iu chnh
ca b AVN.
6.2.
NGUYN L LM VIC CA AVN

B iu khin d phng AVN lm vic hai ch : theo di v iu chnh
6.2.1.
Ch theo di
B iu chnh AVN thc hin ch theo di khi r le K18 ng (tc l b
AVM ng)
Ch theo di ca AVN l ch m n to ra in p U42, gn bng in p
ra ca AVM (U50), khi cn thit chuyn t AVM sang AVN, in p ca my
pht vn khng thay i thi im chuyn i.
Mch 40 t attrit in p cung cp cho K.
K c h s khuch i bng -1 nn U = -U15 khi tho dy ni XP1 XP2.
U10A1 ngn P 0
Khi a vo XP1 XP2, do c c mch hi tip U8 t P qua K, so snh vi
102
Phc trnh tp s
_________________________
Chng 6
U50 ca AVM, trn A2(K) nn u ra ngn P (U8) U50. Khi c s sai lch
gia U8 v U50, qua A2 (K) a n u vo A1(K) lm thay i in p
trn t C12, dn n U15 thay i. Lc qua A1, A2 ca P, U8 s c ko v
bng U50.
6.2.2.
Ch iu khin
B iu chnh AVN thc hin ch iu khin khi K18 ct (tc l b AVM
ct).
Lc ny r le K1(K) ng, ct u ra b khuch i A2, ng thi tch t C12
khi u ra b khuch i A1(K), a vo in tr R18. Lc in p trn
t C12 gi khng i nn U15 khng i nn in p my pht gi nguyn gi
tr trc .
By gi b AVN tin hnh ch iu khin. Do U15 = const (hng s), nn
in p my pht c iu chnh theo U42. Lc ny K1 trong P ng U42 a
n khi AV iu khin thyristor.
* Tng, gim kch t:
R le K45, K46 lm ng K2 hoc K3 trong K, s lm np v x t C12, lm
U15 thay i, s lm tng hoc gim in p ca my pht.
* Khi my ct 13,8KV ct:
Khi chuyn kch t t b AVM sang b AVN, cng nh khi ng kch t bng
AVN, m K14 ct, rle K4(K) ng t C12 x, a diode VD14 vo mch,
lc ny in p my pht UMF c ko v tr s nh xc nh bi VD14. Do c
t C19, sau r le K4 c ct ra, khi ta c th iu chnh AVN bng K2,
K3.
* Phm vi iu chnh ca b AVN:
Tr s cc tiu xc nh bi R9 (ngn P). Khi U15 < U16 c ly t R9, U42
c xc nh theo U16, khong 0,82 0,85 Um
Tr s cc i xc nh bi R2 ngn K c chnh t 108 110% Um.
* Ch cos = 1:
Khi K42 hoc K51 ng lm K2 ng (ngn P). VD2, VD3 b ni tt. Lc ny
U42 c a v tr s sao cho dng roto ln nht ng vi cng sut thc bng
m v cng sut khng bng 0.
* Hn ch IP = 1,1IPm:
Xc nh bi VD2, VD6 v R11. Khi in p vo A1 vt qu ngng ca
VD2 VD6 s a R11(63) so vi R6(62) gim nh h s khuych i ca
ngn P.
6.3.
KHI KIM TRA K-2 V KHI NGUN -2

103
Phc trnh tp s
_________________________
Chng 6
Khi -2 kim tra dn ca cc nhnh trong 2 b chnh lu v s t cu

ch ca cc khi T
6.3.1.
KIM SOT DN
Tn hiu kim sot dn cc nhnh c ly t bin dng cc nhnh ca b
chnh lu, qua b chnh lu cu 1 pha thnh in p mt chiu vo ngn KT1,
KT2. y in p c so snh vi in p ta nhn bit dn ca cc
nhnh K-2 c th bo mt dn mt nhnh hoc hai nhnh cng tn. S mt
dn s c cc rle trung gian, a tn hiu ra s bn ngoi.
trnh s bo sai ca mch mt dn, khi khi ng v dng K-2 a n
tn hiu t bin dng roto TP. Theo mch ny, mch bo mt dn ch lm
vic khi dng roto 550A.
6.3.2.
KIM TRA CU CH
Khi t cu ch trong cc khi T, cc tip im cu ch ni ngun 24V qua

cc in tr RL a n ngn ca K-2, tc ng mch t cu ch.
Mch t cu ch c th bo t mt cu ch, 2 hoc 3 cu ch 2 nhnh cng
tn. Tn hiu ny c bo ti K-2 bng diod quang nh cc rle trung gian
a tn hiu ra s bn ngoi.
Ngun cung cp cho K-2 c ly t khi -2
6.3.3. -2 KHI NGUN
Khi ngun -2 cung cp cho khi K-2 v b iu chnh d phng AVN
Khi ngun -2 nhn ngun xoay chiu 3 pha 380V t p t mt SF9 v
ngun mt chiu 220V t p t mt SF10.
in p xoay chiu qua bin p T, gim p a vo ngn 2 chnh lu.
Cc ngn CT2-1, CT2-2 v CT3 to ngun n nh in p 15V v 20V
Cc ngn VT1, Y, 1 v Y dng to ngun t ngun mt chiu 220V, khi
cha c in p xoay chiu, hoc khi in p xoay chiu gim nh hn 0,8 gi
tr in p nh mc.
104
Phc trnh tp s
____________________________Chng 7
IU KHIN V BO V H THNG KCH T
CHNG 7
CC H HNG TRONG H
THNG KCH T
105
Phc trnh tp s
CHNG 7
CC H HNG TRONG H THNG KCH T
7.1.
ST
T
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
CC H HNG THNG GP TRONG H THNG KCH T :
THIT B H
HNG
B V1,V2 lch
dng V1(400);
V2(700)
Kzp tc ng
ct QAE
Khi ca
b AV1
R le K57
NGUYN NHN H
HNG
Bulng ni nhnh BT5
vo thanh ci tip xc
khng tt
Nc ma lm chm
mch Rotor (Rcc )
BIN PHP KHC

PHC
Ct b V1, tho cc khi
BT5 xit li
H1
Thi kh nc, lm sch

bi in tr Rcc
H1
Mt 01 pha, do ngn
mch qua v bin p
TP1
Lt tm cch in di
bin p TP1, ng thi
lm cho tt c cc bin p
cn li
H1
Tip im khng tip

xc, khng khi ng
c P
Tng cng thm cc tip

im ni //, tng tin cy
cho mch khi ng P
H1
-H hng bin tr
R/HC1
-H hng t C1/VT2-2
Khng ch th trn ng
Khi /
AVM
h do t mch
Chy in tr T in trong mch b
b lc RC
chp
OMB tc ng ri c
Khi OMB,
hiu KH37 do h hng
/AVM
Tm KT2/ - Bo mt dn V2, cc
tc ng sai nhnh vn bnh thng
Thay th t in v in tr
ng h dng Rotor
GC4 lch so vi GCE4
Cp 2183 t
GCE4 n ng do tip xc gia cp v
u Shunt khng tt
h dng
Rotor/GC4
Ct u cp a vo
Shunt
ng h V1,
V2 dao ng
Khi -,
KH17 bo mt
dn nhnh V2
GHI
CH
Diode VD9 chm v

gy ngn mch u ra
H1
Hn li mch
H2
Thay th t tt
H2
Thay Zener V31 trn tm
H2
Thay diode VD3
a u cp vo hng
kp ni chung vi dy
a ln ng h dng
Rotor GCE4
t li v tr cc diode
H2
H3
H3
106
Phc trnh tp s
CHNG 7
CC H HNG TRONG H THNG KCH T
ST
T
THIT B H
HNG
12
Mch iu
khin kch t
13
14
/ AVM
15
/AVM
16
/AVM
17
Ct AVM qua
KV1, K20
18
/AVM
in p ra
12,5V khng
n p
19
HTKT
20
KV1
(115Um)tc
ng ct
K15,AVM
NGUYN NHN
H HNG
Mch 397;398 lin
ng my ct khi
220KV chm t
BIN PHP KHC PHC

B mch lin ng vi my ct
khi, thc hin theo s mi
ch lin ng vi my ct
13,8KV
GHI
CH
H3
Khng tc ng ,
Sa cha li rle PB
do PB b kt, gy
H3
cht
Bo qu nhit Rotor Thay vi mch D4/
H4
Bo qu ti Rotor,
Thay vi mch A3/
Vi mch A3 khng
H4
n nh
in p rotor dao
Thay vi mch khuch i D7 v
ng ,h hng vi
H4
t C20
mch v t
in p u ra my Thay V1(KT808) bng
pht tng cao
Transistor 2N3055
(15KV)
Thay V2(KT602) bng
Do diode
V2/ khi lm Transistor H1061
vic pht nng
H2
chm vo 02 dy
V3, V4 lm
V1(KT808) cht
dn n cc ngun
chm nhau
Do transistor
Thay bng Transistor C2383
V8(KT608
) thng
Thay D1 iu chnh in p kiu Kh
lm in p trn
i DF
xung
qua cun dy L
bng V10
ng kch t khng a mch lin ng ti t t
thnh cng (do h
ng vo hng kp
mch t iu kin
H3
tc my pht t
95Um)
Do u nhm mch u li mch p TV12
p TV12
H3
107
LI CM N
Trong thi gian tp s va qua, c s quan tm ca Lnh o Phn xng

in - T ng to iu kin cho ti c hc tp, nghin cu v tm hiu cc
thit b ca Cng ty Thy in Tr An,c bit l H thng kch t ca t my.
Nhng kin thc thc t qu bu l s b sung, hon thin cho nhng l thuyt
c trang b trong nh trng v s p dng vo thc t cng vic.
Qu trnh thi gian tp s ti Cng ty ngoi vic nghin cu ti liu ti cng
hc hi c rt nhiu t nhng anh ch T Th Nghim v c bit l cc anh
trong Nhm Kch t, Phn xng in -T ng . Nhng ngi lun sn sng gii
thch nhng thc mc ca ti. Qua y ti xin gi li cm n ti cc Anh.
Xin c gi li tri n ti anh Bi Chnh ch, ngi trc tip hng dn ti
hon thnh Phc trnh tp s ny.
Tuy c nhng c gng nhng khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong s
ch bo ca cc Anh, cc Ch b sung thm nhng kin thc qi bu ti c lm
vic tt hn trong thi gian ti. Mt ln na ti xin chn thnh cm n Lnh o
Cng ty, Lnh o Phn xng in-T ng quan tm to iu kin ti hon
thnh Phc trnh tp s trong thi gian qua.
Tr An, thng 05 nm 2009
Ngi vit
Nhn xt ca ngi hng dn:
Huy Sn
......................................................................
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*Nhn xt ca T Trng T Th nghim :
*Nhn xt ca Qun c Phn xng in- T ng :

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MC LC

Gii thiu tng quan v Cng ty

Cng trnh chnh ca Cng ty

Cc thit b thy lc, h thng du, nc v kh

1.1.3.1. Thit b thy lc:

1.1.3.3. H thng nc:

Thit b v kt cu phn in chnh

1.2.1.1. My pht in:G1.G4

Cng sut hu cng

Dng in kch thch nh mc

Dng kch thch khng ti

H thng kch thch : Loi t kch bng Thyristor gm hai b chnh lu

S ni dy stator: Hnh sao, trung tnh c t bin th kim tra in p

Dng in in dung khi mt pha chm t stator : 7A

: xd = 87% ; xd = 27% ; xd = 18%

Ch lm vic ca trung tnh : Ni t trc tip .

: I0% = 0,55 ( 30%)

Tn hao ngn mch

My c lm mt bng h thng du nc loi ( lm mt tun

hon bng cng bc du v nc).

Lng du trong my bin p

Cc my bin th c t sn cc my bin dng pha in p cao v

Dng in ct nh mc :Ict m = 40kA

Thi gian ng ca my ct: t < 0,8s

p lc kh SF6 thp bo tn hiu: 0,62Mpa (6,2kgf/cm2)

: Sm = 63000/ 63000/ 32000kVA

Trung th : UmT = 121kV

Cao th : ImC = 158A

T u dy: Y0/ --11

Dng in khng ti :I0 = 0,5%

Cao th : ImC = 158A

in p ngn mch (%) :

Dng in ct nh mc :Ict m = 40kA

B truyn ng ng ct tng pha.

p lc kh SF6 thp bo tn hiu: 0,62Mpa (6,2kgf/cm2)

1 ngn l tuyn ng dy Bnh Ha 1 (273).

1.2.3.1. Ngun xoay chiu

dng. Ngoi ra cn cung cp cho cc ph ti chiu sng s c ,thng tin lin

1.2.4.1. iu khin tn hiu v o lng

1.2.4.4. Tn hiu trung tm

chng qu p cho cc thit b nh my pht , my bin p t dng 13,8kV,

QUY TRNH SN XUT IN NNG

Cc thit b ch yu phc v cho quy trnh sn xut in nng:

GII THIU CHUNG

THNG S K THUT CA H THNG KCH T

Dng in kch thch gii hn (A)

Gi tr kch thch theo in p, n v tng i

Gi tr nh theo dng kch thch, n v tng i

Cng sut cng hnh(kW)

S tc ng nhanh khi cng hnh kch thch(s)

thay i cho php ca in p t dng 50 Hz(%)

Cng sut tiu th ca AVN (VA)

Cng sut tiu th ca bin dng o lng (VA)

CC CH LM VIC CA H THNG KCH T

Dng t my trong ch bnh thng v s c.

Ch qu s c nh ngn mch, qu ti v ct ti.

Ch lm vic v cc thng s ca h thng kch thch my pht

Cng hnh kch thch theo mt bi s cho trc v ct kch t

Dng kch thch khi my pht lm vic vi ti nh mc v h s

Hot ng ca my pht trong ch iu chnh nhm cng sut

Thc hin theo s t kch song song c bin p chnh lu.

kch thch. ng ct b chnh lu V1 v V2 pha xoay chiu v mt chiu nh

ng (hin khng s dng ), vi b AVN ch ha ng b bng tay.

Cc ch lm vic khi h hng trong b bin i: