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Mnnmdzogry oy vzjog yosmezy;T`fg Mnnmdzogry Zfsmsf o Imr} ogb T`fg R`f} Beg”r .Hfyyegy czen r`f Vgmrfb Yrorfy
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\zíimy;Esfz r`f |oyr :6 }fozy( nog} Onfzmiog imrmfy `osf ojyezjfb `vdf gvnjfzy eccezfmdg mnnmdzogry( t`eyf fgfzdmfy ogb yamhhy `osf rzogyceznfb r`f fiegenmfy ogbyeimoh noafv| ec r`fyf imrmfy' R`f Onfzmiog vzjog fp|fzmfgif( ec mnnmdzogry zfsmsmgdodmgd mggfz.imrmfy( y`oz|h} iegrzoyry tmr` r`or ec Fvze|f( t`fzf mnnmdzogry ecrfgihvyrfz mg hozdf imrmfy jvr zfnomg nozdmgohm{fb fiegenmiohh} ogb yeimohh}( mn|eymgdnog} ieyry ogb jfienmgd yffg oy o hegd.rfzn bzod eg dzetr` ogb smrohmr}' R`fmnnmdzogr ‘jegvy„ cez V'Y' imrmfy( `etfsfz( jzfoay betg eg iheyfz mgy|firmeg' YenfV'Y' imrmfy orrzoir nog} mnnmdzogry ogb zfifmsf rogdmjhf jfgfcmry czen r`fn' Er`fzybe ger' Ogb onegd r`eyf imrmfy r`or orrzoir `md` gvnjfzy ec mnnmdzogry ogb ozfjeeyrfb( yenf be ye ezdogmiohh}( tmr`evr og} fp|hmimr |hog( t`mhf er`fzy o||h} yfhc.iegyimevy ogb zmdezevy |ehmimfy retozby mnnmdzogr.orrzoirmeg ogb |zenermeg ecmnnmdzogr yviifyy' Mg r`my |o|fz( tf fponmgf r`f bmccfzfgify onegd Onfzmiog imrmfymg orrzoirmgd mnnmdzogry ’ ogb t`or `o||fgy t`fg mnnmdzogry ozzmsf' Tf ohyebfyizmjf yenf |zoirmioh hfyyegy cez imrmfy( jer` mg r`f V'Y' ogb Fvze|f r`or tmy` reorrzoir mnnmdzogry mg ezbfz re oi`mfsf fiegenmi ogb yeimoh jfgfcmry'
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Mg :<<2( o yrzogdf iegrfyr vgcehbfb mg r`f V'Y'( o jorrhf jfrtffg rte imrmfy cez r`fzmd`r re dmsf `enfy re r`evyogby ec @negd zfcvdffy otomrmgd zfyfrrhfnfgr mg R`omzfcvdff ion|y' R`f |ehmrmioh hfobfzy ec r`f Nmggfo|ehmy.Yr' \ovh ozfo ogb Yreiareg(Iohmc' jer` rzosfhfb re r`f ion|y re fyyfgrmohh} dmsf o yohfy |mri` re r`f zfcvdffy(|mri`mgd r`f smzrvfy ec r`fmz zfy|firmsf imrmfy' Mg r`f fgb( r`f V'Y' desfzgnfgr( t`mi`esfzyot r`f zfyfrrhfnfgr |zedzon( nobf o Yeheneg”y bfimymeg ogb y|hmr r`f @negdjfrtffg r`f rte nfrze|ehmrog ozfoy'R`f ien|frmrmeg cez @negd zfcvdffy my o zfnmgbfz ec `et Onfzmiog imrmfy hesfmnnmdzogry' Mnnmdzogry ohye hesf Onfzmiog imrmfy' Ec r`f zevd`h} egf nmhhmegmnnmdzogry t`e `osf nesfb oggvohh} re r`f V'Y' esfz r`f |oyr qvozrfz ifgrvz}(smzrvohh} ohh ienf re hozdf imrmfy ogb zfnomg r`fzf' Mgbffb( bvzmgd r`f ?==<y( o yrfob}chet ec mnnmdzogry re Onfzmiog imrmfy jfionf egf ec r`f af} bzmsfzy ’ mc ger r`f af}bzmsfz ’ mg zfsmsmgd bfihmgmgd ifgrfzy ec Onfzmiog imrmfy ogb mgizfoymgd r`f smrohmr} ecohzfob} yviifyycvh imrmfy' Tmr` r`f y|zfob ec yvjvzjy ozevgb r`f V'Y'( mr my yocf reiegihvbf r`or tmr`evr o noyymsf mgchet ec geg.Onfzmiogy( r`f jmddfyr ogb neyrfiegenmiohh}.smjzogr Onfzmiog imrmfy ’ Gft ]eza( Hey Ogdfhfy( Yog Czogimyie( Orhogro(@evyreg ’ tevhb yvzfh} `osf yrodgorfb ez tezyf'Re jf yvzf( r`f mgchvp ec mnnmdzogry |vry |zfyyvzf eg zfifmsmgd imrmfy ogb mn|eyfyieyry( fy|fimohh} cmyioh ieyry eg heioh desfzgnfgry |zesmbmgd fbviormegoh ogb er`fzyfzsmify' Jvr domgy oiizvf czen mnnmdzogry( t`e jer` mgizfoyf benfyrmi iegyvn|rmegogb fp|ogb r`f tezacezif' Oy og fp`ovyrmsf yrvb} j} r`f V'Y' Gormegoh Zfyfozi`Ievgimh cevgb mg ?==4( r`f V'Y' fp|fzmfgify ‘o ymdgmcmiogr |eymrmsf domg mg ojyehvrfrfzny„ czen mnnmdzormeg' Re jf yvzf( r`fzf ozf ifzromg fiegenmi heyfzy czenmnnmdzormeg( gerojh} het.yamhhfb gormsfy' Jvr fsfg tmr`mg r`my dzev|( todf heyyfy ozfynohh( no}jf o cft |fzifgrodf |emgry' Ogb t`mhf ifzromg yrorfy ogb heiohmrmfy mgivzieyry czen mnnmdzormeg r`or ozf ger zfiev|fb( desfzgnfgr esfzohh my ger cmyiohh}`oznfb( r`f Gormegoh Zfyfozi` Ievgimh cevgb' Yi`ehozy `osf ymnmhozh} cevgb fiegenmijfgfcmry re r`f imrmfy ogb ievgrzmfy r`or zfifmsf mnnmdzogry' Egf Jzmrmy` nmdzormegfp|fzr yvnnozm{fy r`f iegyfgyvy smft oy cehhety; ‘R`f |e|vhoz n}r` ojevrmnnmdzogry my r`or r`f} tmhh ‐roaf” yenfr`mgd czen r`f ievgrz} r`f} fgrfz ’ r`or r`f}tmhh dzoj kejy ez y|egdf ecc r`f tfhcozf y}yrfny' R`f zfohmr} my sfz} bmccfzfgr' Neyrmgbvyrzmoh fiegenmfy tevhb jf tezyf ecc tmr`evr r`f `fh| ec mnnmdzogr tezafzy( ogbtmr`evr r`my mgkfirmeg ec gft jheeb r`f zfifmsmgd ievgrzmfy tmhh yff r`fmz |e|vhormegyodf ogb bfihmgf fsfg nezf zo|mbh}'„ Yrohafz( 39-T`mhf r`f dfgfzoh fiegenmi jfgfcmry ec mnnmdzormeg ozf tfhh fyrojhmy`fb( ogfp|hogormeg cez mnnmdzogr bfyrmgormegy my ger' R`f izvimoh zmbbhf my t`fr`fzmnnmdzogry i`oyf kejy( `fobmgd cez imrmfy r`or ozf ohzfob} dzetmgd ogb smjzogr5 Ezbefy r`f ozzmsoh ec mnnmdzogry y|otg fiegenmi dzetr`5O bfcmgmrmsf ogytfz re r`my i`miafg.ez.fdd |zejhfn my bmccmivhr re oi`mfsf' Neyrhmafh} r`f ogytfz my o hmrrhf ec jer`' Mnnmdzogry ozf bzotg re imrmfy tmr` fn|he}nfgr
9
e||ezrvgmrmfy( jvr r`f ozzmsoh ec mnnmdzogry ohye yfry ecc o smzrvevy fiegenmi i}ihf( oygftienfzy zfqvmzf yfzsmify ogb y|fgb yosmgdy eg jvmhbmgd o gft hmcf'Imsmi hfobfzy ozf ger oiobfnmiy' R`f} nvyr izocr |ehmimfy evr ec r`f jfyr osomhojhfagethfbdf( ger bfcmgmrmsf ogoh}ymy' Ogb imsmi hfobfzy( mg smzrvohh} fsfz} hozdf Onfzmiogimr}( ozf |ze.mnnmdzogr'Mgbffb( j} r`f yrozr ec r`f :?yr ifgrvz}( r`f mnnmdzogr.bzmsfg zfsmsoh ec Onfzmio”yhozdfyr imrmfy `ob jfienf ye ihfoz ogb ien|fhhmgd r`or nog} hfyy yviifyycvh imrmfyjfdog re smft mnnmdzogry oy r`fmz yohsormeg' R`fyf imrmfy ’ gerojh} \mrryjvzd`(Jvccohe( Ihfsfhogb ogb Bfy Nemgfy ’ tfzf heymgd |e|vhormeg( heymgd kejy( coimgd r`fjvzbfg ec og odmgd |e|vhormeg ogb bffnfb vgo||fohmgd re neyr Onfzmiogy( noamgdr`f roya ec orrzoirmgd hozdf gvnjfzy ec mnnmdzogry yffnmgdh} bovgrmgd' R`fyf ZvyrJfhr imrmfy ohye `ob re iegrfgb tmr` mgizfoymgd ien|frmrmeg cez r`f sfz} mnnmdzogryr`f} iesfrfb( cez mgbffb r`f imsmi i`oyf cez mnnmdzogry toy ger hmnmrfb re bfihmgmgdimrmfy' Yvg.jfhr yrozy( yvi` oy Ron|o.Yr' \frfzyjvzd( Hoy Sfdoy ogb Yohr Hoaf Imr}( ohyetogrfb ‘evz comz y`ozf„ ec mnnmdzogry' Ye bmb \ezrhogb( Ezfdeg( `myrezmiohh} egf ecr`f neyr `enedfgfevy |hoify mg r`f V'Y' jvr o imr} r`or mg zfifgr }fozy `oy orrzoirfbgvnfzevy ‘ivhrvzoh izformsfy'„Mgrfzfyr mg orrzoirmgd mnnmdzogry `oy ger choddfb( bfy|mrf yenf ec r`f |vjhmim{fbbmccmivhrmfy ec fgrfzmgd r`f V'Y' ymgif =%?? ogb iegrmgvmgd qvfyrmegy ojevr t`fr`fzmnnmdzogry ozf o gfr domg re og vzjog fiegen}' Mgbffb( egf gft yrvb} yvddfyry r`ormg r`f cmzyr `ohc ec r`my bfiobf mnnmdzormeg re r`f V'Y'( mg ojyehvrf gvnjfzy( toy r`fhozdfyr mg `myrez}( tmr` og fyrmnorfb 4'= nmhhmeg |fe|hf yfrrhmgd mg r`f ievgrz} jer`hfdohh} ogb mhhfdohh}' Ionozero( :<<6-R`f ioyf ec Nmggfyero”y ‘rtmg„ imrmfy( ec Nmggfo|ehmy ogb Yr' \ovh( |zesmbfy oizmrmioh mgy|mzormeg re vzjog zfceznfzy t`e yff r`f fnjzoif ec mnnmdzogry oy o izmrmioh|mfif ec o zfsmrohm{ormeg |zedzon' R`f Rtmg Imrmfy”y rzogyceznormeg my gforh}|zfyfgrfb j} og vzjog |hoggfz czen \mrryjvzd`( o imr} r`or orrzoiry r`f cftfyrmnnmdzogry ec og} ymnmhozh} ym{fb imr} mg r`f V'Y' Hmaf Nmggfo|ehmy.Yr' \ovh( \mrryjvzd``oy og odmgd mgbvyrzmoh joyf ogb `oy degf r`zevd` bfiobfy tmr`evr orrzoirmgd hozdfgvnjfzy ec mnnmdzogry' R`fyf ejyroihfy ozf ecrfg imrfb oy o zfoyeg t`} \mrryjvzd`teg”r fsfz orrzoir mnnmdzogry( bfy|mrf vhrzo.het `evymgd ieyry ogb o rfzzmcmi |vjhmimgczoyrzvirvzf' ]fr r`f Rtmg Imrmfy jzvy`fb oymbf r`fyf yonf jozzmfzy ogb jfionf ogmnnmdzogr nodgfr' R`f |ho}jeea toy yrzomd`r ceztozb; de re mnnmdzogry mc r`f} beg”rienf re }ev( ogb t`fg r`f} ozzmsf mg }evz imr} iegrmgvf re tee r`fn tmr` y|fimohyfzsmify ger osomhojhf fsfg re gormsfy' R`my nfogy `fh|mgd mnnmdzogry mg r`fmz heiohhogdvodfy( fgievzodmgd r`fn re tzfyr yfzsmify czen rogdhfb jvzfovizoimfy ogbfyrojhmy`mgd og mnnmdzogr yocfr}.gfr ifgrfzfb ozevgb fbviormeg ogb oirmsmyn'R`f zfyvhr( mg r`f ioyf ec r`f Rtmg Imrmfy( toy o iezgvie|mo ec fgfzdfrmigftienfzy' Czen ?=0< re :<<<( gvnjfz ec cezfmdg.jezg mg Rtmg Imrmfy zeyf j} ?=3&(re :?<(<<< evr ec o |e|vhormeg ec :'= nmhhmeg( ien|ozfb re o nfzf 4<(<<< evr ec :'?nmhhmeg zfymbfgry :< }fozy |zmez'
Immigrants as Urban Saviors?
"the drive to cement the status of Oakland’s African American middle class, the
presence of immigrants easily might have been overlooked. Instead, black civic
leaders wooed the growing numbers of Asians and Mexicans, building political
partnerships… (More)
presence of immigrants easily might have been overlooked. Instead, black civic
leaders wooed the growing numbers of Asians and Mexicans, building political
partnerships… (More)
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