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 Journal of Buddhist Ethics
 ISSN 1076-9005http://www.buddhistethics.org/Volume 17, 2010
Attitudes Towards Nuns:A Case Study of the
Nandakovāda
in theLight of its Parallels
Ven. Anālayo
 Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg,Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwanwith a contribution by Giuliana Martini
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Attitudes Towards Nuns:A Case Study of the
Nandakovāda
in theLight of its Parallels
Anālayo
1
 with a contribution by Giuliana Martini
Abstract
The present article provides an annotated translation of the
Sa
 yukta-
āgama
parallel to the
Nandakovāda
-sutta
of the
Majjhima-
nikāya
, followed by a discussion of differenc-es between these two versions that are relevant for an as-sessment of the attitude towards nuns in early Buddhistdiscourse. An appendix to the article also provides atranslation of the Tibetan parallel to the
Nandakovāda
- sutta.
 
1
Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg; Dharma Drum Buddhist College,Taiwan.
 
333
 Journal of Buddhist Ethics
Introduction
2
 
In the last issue of the JBE, I studied the
Bahudh
ātuka
-sutta
and its paral-lels, examining in particular the dictum that a woman cannot be a Bud-dha, which I concluded to be with high probability a later addition to thediscourse.
3
 With the present article, I further pursue the theme of negativeattitudes towards women in early Buddhist discourse. The object of mystudy is the
Nandakovāda
-sutta
of the
Majjhima-
nikāya
, which reportsteachings given by the monk Nandaka to the nuns.
4
This discourse has aparallel in the
Sa
 yukta-
āgama
extant in a Chinese translation begun in435 of the present era and based on what probably was an original of 
(Mūla
-
)Sarvāstivāda prov
enance.
5
 Besides this discourse parallel, a version of the
Nandakovāda
can
also be found in the (Mūla
-
)Sarvāstivāda
Vinaya
, preserved in Chineseand Tibetan.
6
As a complement to my translation of the
Sa
 yukta-
āgama
version, an appendix to the present article provides an English transla-tion by Giuliana Martini of the relevant section from the Tibetan version
of the (Mūla
-
)Sarvāstivāda
Vinaya
, the
’ 
dul ba
.
2
I am indebted to Bhikkhu Brahm
ā
li, Bhikkhun
 ī 
Tath
ā
lok
ā
, Rod Bucknell and Ken Su forcomments on an earlier draft of this article and to Klaus Wille for providing me withthe so far unpublished fragment SHT XI 4560.
3
 
Anālayo (“Bahudhātuka” 166).
 
4
MN 146 at MN III 270 to MN III 277.
5
Bucknell (685); Choong (6 note 18); Enomoto (23); Glass; Harrison (1); Hiraoka; Lü (242);
Mayeda (99); Schmithausen (“Beiträge” 306); and Waldschmidt (136).
 
6
T 1442 at T XXIII 792a-794a and D (3)
’dul ba, ja
50b-59a or Q 
 
(1032)
’dul ba,
nye
48b-56a.In addition to these, small parts from a version of the present discourse have also beenpreserved in Sanskrit fragments, cf. SHT VI 1226 folios 5R-11 in Bechert (22-6) and SHTXI 4560 (forthcoming).
 
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