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Lourdes Patricia L.

Carreon Zaborah Eunice Bobadilla, Nerissa Unielle Quenga, Bernadette Toledo

January 10, 2012

Relative Rates of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution


I. Objective
To determine the relative reactivities of different substituted benzenes towards bromination where bromine is dissolved in acetic acid

II. Schematic Diagram of Procedure


A. Relative Rates of Bromination Test solutions: 0.2 M solutions in ethyl acetate (benzene, chlorobenzene, phenol, nitrophenol, aniline and acetanilide)

2 drops each of test solns in micro test tube

+ 2 drops of 0.05 M Br2 in 90% CH3COOH

note time of addition

if there is no change in color after 30 mins, warm in hot water bath and observe

observe the time when soln becomes very pale yellow

shake the test tube and set aside away from sunlight

B. Effects of Solvents on Reaction Rates 5 drops acetanilide soln in test tube +5 drops of 0.05 M Br2 in cyclohexane (note time of addition) observe any signs of reaction

compare result with the one from 0.05 M Br2 in 90% CH3COOH

record time of decolorization or occurrence of any reaction

III. Table of Reagents/Products


Reagent/Product Structure Physical Properties Hazards
Very hazardous in case of ingestion. Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).

Ethyl acetate

Benzene

Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator). Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, sensitizer, permeator). Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Chlorobenzene

Phenol

Nitrophenol

Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death. Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant). Very hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation (lung irritant). Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator). Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Severe overexposure can result in death.

Aniline

Acetanilide

Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Severe over-exposure can result in death. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Br2

CH3COOH

Cyclohexane

IV. Waste Disposal


All solvents halogenated waste jars

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