1. He suggested that small amounts of foreign substance could greatly affect the course of chemical reactions. 2.

Substances that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed. 3. Substance that affects the ___________ of reaction but emerges from the process unchanged. 4. A ____________usually changes a reaction rate by promoting a different _______________for the reaction. 5. Hydrogen and oxygen are virtually inert at room temperature but react rapidly when exposed to 6. Catalyst can affect both the ____________and the ________________. 7. Strictly speaking, a __________ can either ________ or _________ the formation of a product. 8. A ________ changes only the ___________ of a reaction, it does not affect the ____________. 9. Involves more than one phase 10. A heterogeneous catalytic reaction occurs at or very near the ____________ interface. 11. Reactions between gasses and liquids are usually, _____________ limited 12. Having pores of very small in size that permits only small molecules to pass. 13. A catalyst consists of a minute particles of an active material dispersed over a less active substance called ___________ 14. Catalysts with an active material frequently a pure metal or a metal alloy 15. Small amounts of active ingredients added to catalysts which increase their activity 16. Attachment of the reactants on the surface of the catalysts 17. Two types of adsorption 18. ______ is similar to condensation 19. Forces of attraction between the solid surface and gas molecules 20. The amount of gas physically adsorbed___________ rapidly with ___________ temperature 21. Type of adsorption that affects the rate of reaction 22. The heats of adsorption for the two types of adsorption is generally __________ 23. Unsaturated atoms in the solid that resulted from surface irregularities 24. Places where highly stabilized intermediates are stabilized long enough to react 25. A point on the catalyst surface that can form strong chemical bonds with an adsorbed atom or molecule 26. The number of molecules reacting per active site per second at the conditions of the experiment 27. The fraction of the atoms deposited on the surface 28. The over-all rate of reaction is limited by the rate of the _____________step in the mechanism 29. What are the 7 steps in catalytic reaction 30. Portray the amount of a gas adsorbed on a solid at different pressures but at one temperature 31. The ratio of constant of proportionality of the attachment and detachment process 32. The adsorption constant is virtually ________of temperature, while the desorption constant increases exponentially with __________temperature for molecular adsorption 33. Both ka and ka- ___________exponentially with increasing temperature, while Ka ________with increasing temperature for dissociative adsorption 34. A mechanism in w/c only a single site is involved in the reaction 35. A mechanism in w/c the adsorbed reactant interacts with another site 36. A mechanism in w/c there is a reaction between two adsorbed species

37. Mechanism in w/c there is a reaction of two species adsorbed on different types of sites 38. Single and dual site follows ____________kinetics 39. Mechanism in w/c there is a reaction between an adsorbed molecule and a molecule in the gas phase 40. Approach in determining catalytic and heterogeneous mechanisms 41.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Berzelius Catalysts Catalysts, rate Catalyst, molecular pathway (mechanism) Platinum Yield and selectivity Accelerate, slow down Catalysts, rate, equilibrium Heterogeneous catalytic reaction Fluid-solid Mass transfer Molecular sieves Support Supported catalysts Promoters Adsorption Physical adsorption and chemisorptions Physical adsorption Van der Waals forces Decreases, increasing Chemisorptions The same Active sites or centers Active sites or centers Active site Turnover frequency, f (TOF) Dispersion, D, of the catalyst Slowest A. mass transfer of the reactant from the bulk fluid to the external surface of the catalyst pellet B. Diffusion of the reactant from the pore mouth through the catalyst pores to the immediate vicinity of the internal catalytic surface C. adsorption of reactant onto the catalyst surface D. reaction on the surface of the catalyst E. diffusion of the product from the interior of the pellet to the pore mouth at the external surface F. mass transfer of the products from the external pellet surface to the bulk fluid Isotherms Adsorption equilibrium constant Independent, increasing Increases, decreases Single site Dual site

36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Second dual site Third dual site Langmuir-hinshelwood kinetics Eley-rideal Langmuir-Hinshelwood approach