Chng 2: TO NHNG TRANG PHP S DNG PHP5

Chng 2 gii thiu nhng phn sau:

1. S dng echo trnh bi text. 2. nh dng text bng HTML v PHP. 3. Hng v bin. 4. S dng URL truyn bin . 5. Sessions v cookies. 6. HTML forms. 7. Mnh if/else. 8. Includes. 9. Functions. 10. Array v foreach. 11. While v do/while. 12. S dng lp v th t vi OOP.

Nhng c php xen ln trong php.

Xen ln gia <?php v ?>
Bn c th xem code php trong html trong cch khc - <? v ?> Phi m trong file php.ini vi th m ngn. - <% v %> Phi m trong file php.ini vi th ASP - <script language=PHP> and </script>.y l gi tr khng chuyn i trong file php.ini

Xen ln trong mnh echo

Bn s dng print_r(), nhng bn cng s dng print() trnh by on text hoc gi tr bin trong trang web ca bn. S khc nhau gia echo() v printf() l khi bn s dng print(), mt gi tr 0 hoc 1 s c tr li cho s thnh

cng hay tht bi ca lnh print(). Trong trng hp ny, bn cng c th ni mi th khng in ra khi s dng lnh print(). Trong khi echo() ch a ra nhng g khng c m bn bit l khng c hoc n lm vic khng chnh xc. Trong cc trng hp khc th c hai l nh nhau.

Xen ln gia cc php ton logic.

Cc php ton and(&&), or(||) l cc php ton logic.

Xen ln trong vic s dng du ().

Ngoi vic s dng du () ta cng c th s dng du (= <<<)

Xen ln nhng gi tr tng, gim

++$value:Tng bin ln 1, tr v gi tr tng. $value++:Tr v gi tr , sau tng ln 1. --$value:Gim 1, tr v gi tr gim. $value--:Tr v gi tr, sau gim 1. $value=$value+1:Tng gi tr ln 1. $value+=1:Tng gi tr ln 1.

Tng quan v OOP

Bn c hoc khng nghe nhng th v vn v PHP5 v vic s dng OOP. OOP ngha l lp trnh hng i tng v trong khi n khng l on m logic tt nht nhng c th cung cp mt vi tp lnh tt. S lng ln v OOP trong PHP5 thng qua h phng php OOP c th c chp nhn trong PHP4. Vi s ra i PHP5 n tr nn d s dng v thc hin. Khi mt ngi bt u, Bn s khng cn nghin cu su v ngn ng OOP, nhng n quang trong bn hiu nhng khi nim ng sau OOP. Trong bng tm tt OOP ly nhng hm cp nht thng thng v thay v t chng trong include nh bn lm trc th bn t chng trong mt lp. Mt lp l 1 tp hp nhng bin v hm m xut ra khi c gi. i tng l nhng kt qu t lp.

Tm tt nhng v d v OOP
S dng OOP ging nh th t ti mt quy pizza. N khng lm bn tng cn v c mt i chn p, nhng n yu cu phi vn ng: Trc tin ngi bi bn s nhn yu cu ca bn v n nh bp. Anh ta ngh mt ci bnh pizza thch hp vi yu cu ca bn nu. Nh bp s coi cng thc lm ci bnh v cn thm ngi ph lm. Sau nh bp lm b mt ca bnh pizza v nng n trong mt thi gian. Cui cng h s mang bnh pizza cho ngi bi bn. Trong v d ny nhng cch thc nho bt, lm b mt ca bnh, nu v ly ra t l. Nhng thnh phn ny l nhng t t. i tng ca bn l mt bnh pizza. Nu chng ta th hin kinh nghim lm bnh trong PHP/h phng php OOP th n nh sau: <?php //y l mt lp ca chng ta. class Pizza { public $dough; public $toppings; public function MakeDough($dough) { $this->dough = $dough; //ln bt $this->dough } public function addToppings($toppings) { $this->toppings = $toppings; //chia nh $this->toppings; //t $this->toppings on dough;

} public function bake() { //nng bnh return true; } public function make_pizza($dough, $toppings) { //lm bnh $step1 = $this->MakeDough($dough); if ($step1) { $step2 = $this->addToppings($toppings); } if ($step2) { $step3 = $this->bake(); } } } ?> Sau bn c th to ra bnh pizza bt c lc no bn cm thy thch v bn c th chc rng ci bnh c to ng. <?php //y l tp lnh PHP ca chng ta $table1 = new Pizza(); $table1->make_pizza(hand-tossed, pepperoni); if ($table1->bake()) {

//phn phi $pizza cho bng 1; } else echo uh-oh, looks like you should have gone to eat fast food.; ?> R rng, nu bn chy tp lnh ny n s khng lm vic, y ch l mt hin th n gin. By gi bn c th thy cch to mt ci bnh pizza nh th no bt c khi no bn mun, bng cch s dng nhng bin nh: $dough1, $toppings1, $pizza1, $dough2, $toppings2, $pizza2, table1, table2. Bt c lc no mt ngi yu cu mt ci pizza bn c th gi lp pizza v mt ci bnh s c to ra. V khi khc mt ngi khc yu cu mt ci bnh bn cng lm nh trn. Mt vi ch : t tn lp l s dng trn ln ch hoa v ch thng. Nu mun mt hm c th s dng mi ni, ta cn khai bo function _construct(), khai bo nh hm u tin trong lp, c gi l constructor V d function __construct() { $this->tray = $round; }
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$this->variable tng t nh trong c php mng, $this c th l mt i tng t bit c to ra. Bn rng lp ca bn bt u vi dng bin ban u. Bn cn khai bo mt bin trong phm vi mt lp. Bn khai bo bin nh public, private, hoc protected. Bin public c th thy c bt k lp no, bin private ch thy trong lp ca n, bin protected thy trong lp ca n v bt k lp no m c dng m rng u. N c th ng gi hu ht cc bin ca bn nh public, ngoi tr nhng ci no cha thng tin c nhn. to i tng, s dng t kha new V d:

$table1 = new Pizza(); iu ny gi tt c cc thng tin v bnh pizza trong bin $table1 n gin, bn to mt hm trong lp ca bn m n gi tt c nhng hm khc theo th t bn mun. Nu bn c carb-conscious v trnh trn bt ln vo nhau, quyt nh khng nng bnh pizza. Bn c th vn s dng lp pizza khng? Tt nhin l c. n gin, bn ch gi cch thc addToppings thay v gi makePizza.

V sao s dng OOP

S dng OOP c mt vi li ch bao gm mt file n gin vi nhng hm trn n. u tin, vi OOP bn c th gi nhng bit thng tin c lin quan vi nhau v trnh by nhng nhim v phc tp vi d liu . Th hai, bn c th x l d liu khng gii hn thi gian m khng lo lng v bin qu di. Th ba, bn c th c nhiu v d ca nhng lp chy trong cng thi gian m nhng bin ny khng b sa hoc ln.